CN109507725B - Method and system for predicting seismic attributes of effective reservoirs in sand-rich intervals - Google Patents
Method and system for predicting seismic attributes of effective reservoirs in sand-rich intervals Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a system for predicting seismic attributes of an effective reservoir in a sand-rich interval, which comprise the following steps: 1) obtaining sensitive seismic attributes of the target interval; 2) obtaining a weight coefficient of sand ground comparison of the target interval to effective reservoir development of the sand-rich interval; 3) judging the tuning effect affecting the target layer section; 4) and performing attribute fusion on the sensitive seismic attribute, the weight coefficient of the sand-ground comparison sand-rich interval effective reservoir development and the judgment of the tuning effect to obtain a fusion seismic attribute. By adopting the method for predicting the seismic attribute of the effective reservoir in the sand-rich interval, the seismic attribute bright spots of the effective reservoir can be highlighted, the suppression tuning effect and the seismic attribute false bright spots caused by the large mudstone in the sand-rich interval can be realized, the proportion of the effective reservoir information in the seismic attribute can be improved, and the prediction of the seismic attribute of the effective reservoir in the sand-rich interval can be realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of petroleum and natural gas seismic exploration and development, and particularly relates to a method and a system for predicting seismic attributes of an effective reservoir in a sand-rich interval.
Background
The seismic attribute technology is an important means for reservoir prediction, and the reservoir prediction can be used for reservoir prediction because the seismic attributes contain related information such as reservoir physical property change, reservoir saturated fluid components, oil and gas and the like.
The definition of seismic attributes from the perspective of applying geophysics is a subset reflecting different geological information in seismic data, and is seismic characteristic quantity describing geological information such as stratigraphic structure, lithology and physical properties. The seismic attribute research starts in the 60 th of the 20 th century, goes through the stages of qualitative description analysis and quantitative extraction, and has multi-dimensional attributes represented by coherence, dip angle and azimuth angle after the 90 th of the 20 th century. The earthquake attributes can be divided into the following parts according to the extraction mode and the application field in China: (1) seismic attribute types based on kinematics and dynamics, including amplitude, waveform, frequency, attenuation characteristics, phase, correlation analysis, energy and the like; (2) seismic attribute types based on oil reservoir characteristics comprise characterization bright spots, dark spots, AVO characteristics, unconformity trap or broken block uplift abnormity, oil-gas containing abnormity, thin-layer oil reservoirs, stratum discontinuity, discontinuous structure, lithologic pinches, special lithologic bodies and the like. Abroad, Taner and the like divide seismic attributes into two types, namely physical attributes and geometric attributes; brown, a.r.b. classifies seismic attributes into 4 classes: time attributes, amplitude attributes, frequency attributes and absorption attenuation attributes, wherein time attributes provide formation information, amplitude attributes provide formation and reservoir information, frequency attributes provide other useful information, and absorption attenuation attributes provide permeability information. Wherein the seismic amplitude or energy information reflects changes in wave impedance differences, formation thickness, rock composition, formation pressure, porosity, and fluid-containing composition. Can be used to identify amplitude anomalies or sequence features, and can also be used to track stratigraphic features, identify lithology changes, unconformities, gas and fluid concentrations, and the like.
The seismic attribute research comprises 3 aspects of extracting attributes, standardizing and optimizing the attributes and converting and applying the optimized attributes. The seismic attribute analysis technology is developed to the present, optimization of seismic attributes and joint analysis of optimized attributes are inevitable, and currently generated attribute optimization methods can be divided into two categories, namely optimization by using expert knowledge and automatic optimization by using a mathematical method.
When the sedimentary stratum is a sand-rich environment, the stratum sand-ground ratio is high, the vertical and lateral plugging mudstone proportion is low, the reservoir formation condition is poor, and the effective reservoir development probability is low although the sand body development degree is high; in addition, the sand-rich environment is often present in the fault-trap background, and the seismic attribute analysis technology generally applied in the seismic exploration field is interfered by factors such as tuning effect caused by non-integrated surface, so that it is necessary to provide a seismic attribute analysis technology applied to the sand-rich environment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to highlight seismic attribute bright spots of an effective reservoir, suppress tuning effects and seismic attribute false bright spots caused by large mudstone in a sand-rich interval, improve the proportion of effective reservoir information in seismic attributes and realize seismic attribute prediction of the effective reservoir in the sand-rich interval.
According to one aspect of the invention, a method for predicting seismic properties of an effective reservoir in a sand-rich interval is provided, and the method can comprise the following steps:
1) obtaining sensitive seismic attributes of the target interval;
2) obtaining a weight coefficient of effective reservoir development of the sand ground comparison sand-rich interval of the target interval;
3) judging the tuning effect influencing the target layer section;
4) and performing attribute fusion on the sensitive seismic attribute, the weight coefficient of the sand-ground comparison sand-rich interval effective reservoir development and the judgment of the tuning effect to obtain a fusion seismic attribute.
Preferably, obtaining sensitive seismic attributes for the interval of interest comprises:
making a synthetic seismic record of the target interval by using logging information, and carrying out well seismic calibration;
extracting various seismic attributes of the seismic channels beside the well, comparing the seismic attributes with the well logging result, and determining the type of the sensitive seismic attributes;
and extracting the sensitive seismic attributes along a destination layer.
Preferably, the sensitive seismic attributes include seismic attributes sensitive to reservoir lithology, physical properties, and hydrocarbon content.
Preferably, the sand-to-ground ratio is expressed as:
wherein R (u) is expressed as sand-to-ground ratio; s (u) is sandstone thickness; d (u) is the formation thickness.
Preferably, the weight coefficient of effective reservoir development of the sand-ground-to-sand-rich interval is represented as:
wherein, omega is a weight coefficient of sand ground to sand-rich interval effective reservoir development; r (u) is the sand-to-ground ratio.
Preferably, the discriminant of the tuning effect is expressed as:
wherein H (u) is the depth of the target layer; h0(u) depth of strong reflection interface such as unconformity surface on the target layer; v (u) is seismic interval velocity; and f (u) is seismic dominant frequency.
Preferably, the fused seismic attribute is represented as:
Z(u)＝A(u)·ω·B(u) (4)
wherein, A (u) is a reservoir sensitive seismic attribute; b (u) is a discriminant of the tuning effect; and omega is a weight coefficient of sand ground to sand-rich interval effective reservoir development.
According to another aspect of the invention, a system for predicting seismic properties of an effective reservoir in a sand-rich interval is provided, which comprises:
a memory storing computer-executable instructions;
a processor that, when executing the computer-executable instructions on the memory, performs the steps of:
1) obtaining sensitive seismic attributes of the target interval;
2) obtaining a weight coefficient of effective reservoir development of the sand ground comparison sand-rich interval of the target interval;
3) judging the tuning effect influencing the target layer section;
4) and performing attribute fusion on the sensitive seismic attribute, the weight coefficient of the sand-ground comparison sand-rich interval effective reservoir development and the judgment of the tuning effect to obtain a fusion seismic attribute.
Preferably, obtaining sensitive seismic attributes for the interval of interest comprises:
making a synthetic seismic record of the target interval by using logging information, and carrying out well seismic calibration;
extracting various seismic attributes of the seismic channels beside the well, comparing the seismic attributes with the well logging result, and determining the type of the sensitive seismic attributes;
and extracting the sensitive seismic attributes along a destination layer.
Preferably, the sensitive seismic attributes include seismic attributes sensitive to reservoir lithology, physical properties, and hydrocarbon content.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method obtains the fusion seismic attribute by respectively carrying out optimization on the sensitive attribute, solving the weight coefficient of sand-to-ground comparison on the effective reservoir development of the sand-rich interval, judging the tuning effect and carrying out attribute fusion on the three, highlights the seismic attribute bright spot of the effective reservoir, suppresses the tuning effect and the seismic attribute false bright spot brought by large mudstone in the sand-rich interval, improves the proportion of the effective reservoir information in the seismic attribute, and realizes the seismic attribute prediction of the effective reservoir in the sand-rich interval.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the detailed description which follows.
Drawings
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by describing in more detail exemplary embodiments thereof with reference to the attached drawings, in which like reference numerals generally represent like parts throughout.
FIG. 1 shows a flow chart of the steps of a method for predicting effective reservoir seismic attributes in a sand-rich interval according to the invention.
FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of the original seismic attributes according to one embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 shows a fused seismic attribute schematic according to one embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below. While the following describes preferred embodiments of the present invention, it should be understood that the present invention may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
Example 1
In this embodiment, the method for predicting the seismic property of the effective reservoir in the sand-rich interval according to the invention may comprise the following steps: 1) obtaining sensitive seismic attributes of the target interval; 2) judging the tuning effect affecting the target layer section; 3) judging the tuning effect affecting the target layer section; 4) and performing attribute fusion on the sensitive seismic attribute, the weight coefficient of the sand-ground comparison sand-rich interval effective reservoir development and the judgment of the tuning effect to obtain a fusion seismic attribute.
The embodiment aims to highlight seismic attribute bright spots of an effective reservoir, suppress tuning effects and seismic attribute false bright spots caused by large mudstone in a sand-rich interval, improve the proportion of effective reservoir information in seismic attributes and realize seismic attribute prediction of the effective reservoir in the sand-rich interval.
FIG. 1 shows a flow chart of the steps of a method for predicting effective reservoir seismic attributes in a sand-rich interval according to the invention. The concrete steps of the method for predicting the seismic attributes of the effective reservoir in the sand-rich interval according to the invention are explained in detail with reference to fig. 1.
In one example, obtaining sensitive seismic attributes for an interval of interest includes: making a synthetic seismic record of the target interval by using the logging information, and carrying out well seismic calibration; extracting various seismic attributes of the seismic channels beside the well, comparing the seismic attributes with the well logging result, and determining the type of the acquired sensitive seismic attributes; and extracting the sensitive seismic attributes along the target layer.
In one example, the sensitive seismic attributes include seismic attributes sensitive to reservoir lithology, physical properties, and hydrocarbon properties.
Specifically, firstly, a synthetic seismic record of a target interval is made by using logging information, so as to realize fine reservoir calibration; and then extracting various seismic attributes of the seismic channels beside the well on the basis of accurate calibration, performing intersection analysis on the various attributes and well logging interpretation and logging information respectively to obtain seismic attributes sensitive to reservoir lithology, physical properties and oil-gas-containing property, and verifying through forward modeling.
And 2, obtaining a weight coefficient of the sand ground comparison of the target interval to the effective reservoir development of the sand-rich interval.
The ratio of the sand rock thickness to the stratum thickness in the sedimentary stratum is a sand-ground ratio, the sedimentary environment is described by using the sand-ground ratio in geology, the high sand-ground ratio indicates that the sand body development degree is high, but in practice, the high sand-ground ratio environment is difficult to deposit due to the fact that mudstone is not used as a cover layer and lateral shielding is absent, and therefore the beneficial region of deposit needs to be highlighted through prediction of sand-ground ratio distribution.
In one example, through post-stack seismic inversion, sand-to-ground ratios for the interval of interest are obtained as:
wherein R (u) is expressed as sand-to-ground ratio; s (u) is sandstone thickness; d (u) is the formation thickness.
Specifically, in the example of the present invention, the formation thickness d (u) of the interval of interest is expressed as:
D(u)＝H(u)-H0(u) (5)
wherein H (u) is the depth of the target layer; h0(u) the depth of the strong reflection interface such as the unconformity surface on the target layer.
In one example, the weighting factor for sand versus effective reservoir development in a sand-rich interval is expressed as:
wherein, omega is a weight coefficient of sand ground to sand-rich interval effective reservoir development; r (u) is the sand-to-ground ratio.
And 3, judging the tuning effect influencing the target layer section.
Specifically, the trap basin is usually developed with sedimentary faults, the faults cause the change of the thickness of the stratum and the change of the dip angle, an angle unconformity surface is easy to form, the angle unconformity surface generally has a large reflection coefficient, the angle unconformity surface is usually expressed as strong amplitude reflection in seismic data, interference can be formed on the underlying target interval under the influence of the tuning effect, the attribute characteristics of the target interval are influenced, and the influence range of the tuning effect is determined by comprehensively using the velocity of the seismic layer and the seismic dominant frequency.
In one example, the discriminant of the tuning effect is expressed as:
wherein H (u) is the depth of the target layer; h0(u) depth of strong reflection interface such as unconformity surface on the target layer; v (u) is seismic interval velocity; and f (u) is seismic dominant frequency.
And 4, performing attribute fusion on the sensitive seismic attribute, the weight coefficient of the sand-ground comparison sand-rich interval effective reservoir development and the judgment of the tuning effect to obtain a fusion seismic attribute.
In one example, the fused seismic attributes are represented as:
Z(u)＝A(u)·ω·B(u) (4)
wherein, A (u) is a reservoir sensitive seismic attribute; b (u) is a discriminant of the tuning effect; and omega is a weight coefficient of sand ground to sand-rich interval effective reservoir development.
Substituting formula (2) and formula (3) into formula (4), the fused seismic attribute is expressed as:
wherein, A (u) is a reservoir sensitive seismic attribute; r (u) is sand-to-ground ratio; h (u) is the depth of the target layer; h0(u) depth of strong reflection interface such as unconformity surface on the target layer; v (u) is seismic interval velocity; and f (u) is seismic dominant frequency.
In the embodiment, the fused seismic attribute is obtained by respectively carrying out optimization on the sensitive attribute, weight coefficient calculation of sand-to-ground comparison on the effective reservoir development of the sand-rich interval, judgment on the tuning effect and attribute fusion on the three, so that the seismic attribute highlight of the effective reservoir is highlighted, the tuning effect is suppressed, and the seismic attribute false highlight caused by a large mudstone sleeve in the sand-rich interval is suppressed, the proportion of effective reservoir information in the seismic attribute is improved, and the seismic attribute prediction of the effective reservoir in the sand-rich interval is realized.
Application example
To facilitate understanding of the solution of the embodiments of the present invention and the effects thereof, a specific application example is given below. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that this example is merely for the purpose of facilitating an understanding of the present invention and that any specific details thereof are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
Firstly, making a synthetic seismic record of a target interval by using logging information, carrying out well seismic calibration, extracting the attribute of a seismic channel beside a well, and obtaining the sensitive seismic attribute through intersection analysis; secondly, obtaining a sand-ground ratio of the target interval through post-stack seismic inversion, and solving a weight coefficient omega of the sand-ground ratio to the effective reservoir development of the sand-rich interval; then, the tuning effect is judged by using a formula (3); and finally, performing attribute fusion on the sensitive seismic attribute, the sand-to-ground ratio and the tuning effect by using a formula (4), and substituting a formula (2) and a formula (3) into the formula (4) to obtain a fused seismic attribute shown as a formula (6).
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the original seismic attributes in the above application example, which are not obvious in sheet distribution characteristics and are disturbed by spurious bright spots such as tuning effects, mudstone and the like; and figure 3 shows a fused seismic attribute diagram in the application example above. Compared with the graph of fig. 2, the graph of fig. 3 highlights seismic attribute bright spots of an effective reservoir, suppression tuning effect, and seismic attribute false bright spots caused by large mudstone in a sand-rich interval, and the attributes are distinguished, so that better transverse resolution is shown.
The application example obtains the fusion seismic attribute by respectively carrying out optimization on the sensitive attribute, solving the weight coefficient of sand-to-ground comparison on the effective reservoir development of the sand-rich interval, judging the tuning effect and carrying out attribute fusion on the three, highlights the seismic attribute bright point of the effective reservoir, suppresses the tuning effect and the seismic attribute false bright point brought by large mudstone in the sand-rich interval, improves the proportion of the effective reservoir information in the seismic attribute, and realizes the seismic attribute prediction of the effective reservoir in the sand-rich interval.
It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the above description of embodiments of the invention is intended only to illustrate the benefits of embodiments of the invention and is not intended to limit embodiments of the invention to any examples given.
Example 2
According to an embodiment of the invention, a system for predicting seismic attributes of an effective reservoir in a sand-rich interval is provided, and the system comprises: a memory storing computer-executable instructions; a processor that, when executing the computer-executable instructions on the memory, performs the steps of: 1) obtaining sensitive seismic attributes of the target interval; 2) obtaining a weight coefficient of sand ground comparison of the target interval to effective reservoir development of the sand-rich interval; 3) judging the tuning effect affecting the target layer section; 4) and performing attribute fusion on the sensitive seismic attribute, the weight coefficient of the sand-ground comparison sand-rich interval effective reservoir development and the judgment of the tuning effect to obtain a fusion seismic attribute.
The embodiment aims to highlight seismic attribute bright spots of an effective reservoir, suppress tuning effects and seismic attribute false bright spots caused by large mudstone in a sand-rich interval, improve the proportion of effective reservoir information in seismic attributes and realize seismic attribute prediction of the effective reservoir in the sand-rich interval.
In one example, obtaining sensitive seismic attributes for an interval of interest includes:
making a synthetic seismic record of the target interval by using the logging information, and carrying out well seismic calibration;
extracting various seismic attributes of the seismic channels beside the well, comparing the seismic attributes with the well logging result, and determining the type of the sensitive seismic attributes;
and extracting the sensitive seismic attributes along the target layer.
In one example, the sensitive seismic attributes include seismic attributes sensitive to reservoir lithology, physical properties, and hydrocarbon properties.
In the embodiment, the fused seismic attribute is obtained by respectively carrying out optimization on the sensitive attribute, weight coefficient calculation of sand-to-ground comparison on the effective reservoir development of the sand-rich interval, judgment on the tuning effect and attribute fusion on the three, so that the seismic attribute highlight of the effective reservoir is highlighted, the tuning effect is suppressed, and the seismic attribute false highlight caused by a large mudstone sleeve in the sand-rich interval is suppressed, the proportion of effective reservoir information in the seismic attribute is improved, and the seismic attribute prediction of the effective reservoir in the sand-rich interval is realized.
It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the above description of embodiments of the invention is intended only to illustrate the benefits of embodiments of the invention and is not intended to limit embodiments of the invention to any examples given.
Having described embodiments of the present invention, the foregoing description is intended to be exemplary, not exhaustive, and not limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments.
Claims (8)
1. A method for predicting seismic attributes of an effective reservoir in a sand-rich interval is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) obtaining sensitive seismic attributes of the target interval;
2) obtaining a weight coefficient of effective reservoir development of the sand ground comparison sand-rich interval of the target interval;
3) judging the tuning effect influencing the target layer section;
4) performing attribute fusion on the sensitive seismic attribute, the weight coefficient of the sand-ground comparison sand-rich interval effective reservoir development and the judgment of the tuning effect to obtain a fusion seismic attribute;
the sand-to-ground ratio is expressed as:
wherein R (u) is expressed as sand-to-ground ratio; s (u) is sandstone thickness; d (u) is the formation thickness;
the weight coefficient of the effective reservoir development of the sand-ground comparison sand-rich interval is expressed as follows:
wherein, omega is a weight coefficient of sand ground to sand-rich interval effective reservoir development; r (u) is the sand-to-ground ratio.
2. The method for predicting the seismic attribute of the effective reservoir of the sand-rich interval according to claim 1, wherein the obtaining of the sensitive seismic attribute of the interval of interest comprises:
making a synthetic seismic record of the target interval by using logging information, and carrying out well seismic calibration;
extracting various seismic attributes of the seismic channels beside the well, comparing the seismic attributes with the well logging result, and determining the type of the sensitive seismic attributes;
and extracting the sensitive seismic attributes along a destination layer.
3. The method for predicting effective reservoir seismic attributes for a sand-rich interval according to claim 1, wherein the sensitive seismic attributes comprise seismic attributes sensitive to reservoir lithology, physical properties, and hydrocarbon properties.
4. The method for predicting the seismic attributes of the effective reservoir in the sand-rich interval according to claim 1, wherein the discriminant of the tuning effect is expressed as:
wherein H (u) is the depth of the target layer; h0(u) depth of strong reflection interface such as unconformity surface on the target layer; v (u) is seismic interval velocity; (u) seismic dominant frequency; b (u) is a discriminant of the tuning effect.
5. The method for predicting the seismic attributes of the effective reservoir in the sand-rich interval according to claim 1, wherein the fused seismic attributes are expressed as:
Z(u)＝A(u)·ω·B(u)
wherein, A (u) is a reservoir sensitive seismic attribute; b (u) is a discriminant of the tuning effect; omega is a weight coefficient of sand ground to compare the effective reservoir development of the sand-rich interval; z (u) is the fused seismic attribute.
6. A system for predicting seismic attributes of an effective reservoir in a sand-rich interval, the system comprising:
a memory storing computer-executable instructions;
a processor that, when executing the computer-executable instructions on the memory, performs the steps of:
1) obtaining sensitive seismic attributes of the target interval;
2) obtaining a weight coefficient of effective reservoir development of the sand ground comparison sand-rich interval of the target interval;
3) judging the tuning effect influencing the target layer section;
4) performing attribute fusion on the sensitive seismic attribute, the weight coefficient of the sand-ground comparison sand-rich interval effective reservoir development and the judgment of the tuning effect to obtain a fusion seismic attribute;
the sand-to-ground ratio is expressed as:
wherein R (u) is expressed as sand-to-ground ratio; s (u) is sandstone thickness; d (u) is the formation thickness;
the weight coefficient of the effective reservoir development of the sand-ground comparison sand-rich interval is expressed as follows:
wherein, omega is a weight coefficient of sand ground to sand-rich interval effective reservoir development; r (u) is the sand-to-ground ratio.
7. The system for predicting the seismic attributes of the effective sand-rich interval reservoir according to claim 6, wherein the obtaining the sensitive seismic attributes of the interval of interest comprises:
making a synthetic seismic record of the target interval by using logging information, and carrying out well seismic calibration;
extracting various seismic attributes of the seismic channels beside the well, comparing the seismic attributes with the well logging result, and determining the type of the sensitive seismic attributes;
and extracting the sensitive seismic attributes along a destination layer.
8. The system for predicting effective reservoir seismic attributes for a sand-rich interval of claim 6, wherein the sensitive seismic attributes comprise seismic attributes sensitive to reservoir lithology, physical properties, and hydrocarbon properties.
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| US20150120197A1 (en) * | 2013-10-30 | 2015-04-30 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Method of Transforming Reservoir Properties to a Seismic Attribute for Hydrocarbon and Lithology Identification |
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