CN109501279B - 融合接合方法和设备 - Google Patents

融合接合方法和设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109501279B
CN109501279B CN201811055234.0A CN201811055234A CN109501279B CN 109501279 B CN109501279 B CN 109501279B CN 201811055234 A CN201811055234 A CN 201811055234A CN 109501279 B CN109501279 B CN 109501279B
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component
fusion plate
fusion
bonding tool
plate
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CN109501279A (zh
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R·杰尔杰伊
M·西莫宁
K·施汤
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C65/18Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B29C65/24Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools characterised by the means for heating the tool
    • B29C65/30Electrical means
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    • B29C65/32Induction
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C65/3604Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3644Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint being a ribbon, band or strip
    • B29C65/3648Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint being a ribbon, band or strip said strip being perforated
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/36Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
    • B29C65/3668Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the means for supplying heat to said heated elements which remain in the join, e.g. special induction coils
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/36Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
    • B29C65/3672Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the composition of the elements heated by induction which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3676Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the composition of the elements heated by induction which remain in the joint being metallic
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/44Joining a heated non plastics element to a plastics element
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    • B29C65/60Riveting or staking
    • B29C65/606Riveting or staking the rivets being integral with one of the parts to be joined, i.e. staking
    • B29C65/609Riveting or staking the rivets being integral with one of the parts to be joined, i.e. staking the integral rivets being plunge-formed
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    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
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    • B29C65/64Joining a non-plastics element to a plastics element, e.g. by force
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/30321Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect making use of protrusions or cavities belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined making use of protrusions belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
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    • B29C66/3032Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect making use of protrusions or cavities belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/30325Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect making use of protrusions or cavities belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined making use of cavities belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined
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    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
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    • B29C66/30341Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect making use of additional elements, e.g. meshes non-integral with the parts to be joined, e.g. making use of extra elements
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16B15/00Nails; Staples
    • F16B15/0023Nail plates
    • F16B2015/0069Nail plates with nails on both sides

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Connection Of Plates (AREA)

Abstract

采用融合板将第一部件接合到第二部件的方法或设备,包括采用接合工具或加热元件来加热第一部件、第二部件、融合板或者其组合。采用接合工具将部件附接到融合板,使得第一部件、融合板和第二部件相互固定地附接,且融合板可以基本上由第一部件和第二部件包围,使得融合板从暴露中隐去。融合板的部分可以经由旋转和/或线性力嵌入部件中。在将融合板附接到任一部件之前,融合板的一部分可以凹陷在接合工具或砧座内。

Description

融合接合方法和设备
引言
本公开总体涉及用于融合接合(诸如用于接合塑料或复合物)的结构、设备和方法。特别地,融合接合可以用于强化的部件。
发明内容
提供了一种采用融合板将第一部件接合到第二部件的方法或设备。该方法或设备包括采用接合工具和加热元件中的一个来加热第一部件、第二部件、融合板,或其组合,并采用接合工具将融合板附接到第一部件。
采用接合工具将第二部件附接到融合板,使得第一部件、融合板和第二部件彼此固定地附接。在许多配置中,融合板基本上由第一部件和第二部件包围,使得其从视野和环境暴露中隐去。
融合板或其部分可以经由旋转、线性力或其组合嵌入部件。该方法或设备可以包括使第一部件和融合板相对于接合工具翻转。在将融合板附接到第一部件之前,融合板的一部分可以凹陷在接合工具或砧座内。
该设备可以经由超声加热、感应加热或电阻加热来加热部件或融合板。此外,可以有多个其间具有连接条的融合板,使得融合板以连续方法附接到部件。
设备或方法可包括使部件中的一个的一部分熔融,使得来自该部件的材料流动穿过融合板的一部分并凝固以相对于该部件保持融合板。粘合剂可以施用于第一部件和第二部件之间,且可以与融合板接触。
在用于实施所公开的结构、方法或二者的一些最佳模式和其他配置的以下详细描述中,本主题的以上特征和优点以及其他特征和优点将清楚明白。
附图说明
图1是用于经由两步现场或批次方法将多个塑料、复合物或热塑性部件与融合板接合的设备或系统的进程的示意图。
图2A是可以用于图1的设备或类似系统的融合板的示意性等距视图,其示出了从平面径向主体延伸的轴向尖端或突起。
图2B是可以用于图1的设备或者类似系统的另外的融合板的示意性侧视图,其示出了具有可以旋转地粘附的角状特征的轴向尖端或突起。
图2C是可以用于图1的设备或类似系统的另外的融合板的示意性侧视图,其示出了从平面径向主体的一侧延伸的轴向尖端或突起和从径向主体的另一侧延伸的紧固件。
图3A是示意性俯视图,其示出了图2A所示的三维融合板由二维坯件形成,并进一步示出了轴向突起的形状。
图3B是另外的融合板(可以类似于图2B中所示的融合板)的示意性俯视图,其示出了二维坯件上的角状突起。
图3C是可以用于图1的设备或类似系统的另外的融合板的示意性俯视图,其示出了二维坯件上的轴向或角状突起形状。
图3D是可以用于图1的设备或类似系统的另外的融合板的示意性俯视图,其示出了二维坯件上的附加轴向突起形状。
图4是经由连续方法将多个塑料或复合物部件与一个或多个融合板接合的另外的设备或系统的示意图。
图5是用于经由现场或批次方法将多个复合物或塑料部件与多个融合板接合的另外的设备或系统的示意图。
图6是用于经由现场或批次方法将多个塑料或复合物部件与融合板(其具有与之结合的紧固件)接合的另外的设备或系统的示意图。
图7是经由现场或批次方法将多个复合物或塑料部件与融合板接合的另外的设备或系统的示意图,其示出了将融合板热铆接到部件中的一个或多个。
具体实施方式
在附图中,如果可能,在所有几幅图中,相同的附图标记对应相同或类似的部件。图1中示出了逐渐实现将第一部件12接合到第二部件14的方法的设备10的示意图。设备10使用融合板16将第一部件12接合到还可以称为基板的第二部件14。
第一部件12和第二部件14在一般情况下可以由塑料或复合物形成,且可以压塑或注塑为最终的部件形状。接合第一部件12和第二部件14可产生用作例如且不限于主体板或结构部件的零件。注意,第一部件12和第二部件14的以及本文所示的所有其他部件的形状仅图表地示出以阐明设备10的一般特征。所示的形状、大小或配置不以任何方式进行限制。
更具体地,第一部件12和第二部件14(以及附加部件)可以由热塑性聚合物、复合物或其组合形成。热塑性塑料可以通过加热而反复软化或熔融,然后在冷却后再凝固。与当加热到超过该点之后其不能再次凝固的劣化点之后,材料保持固体的热固性塑料相反,该加热和凝固过程是可逆的。
形成第一部件12和第二部件14的热塑性聚合物或复合物可以是例如且不限于商品类(诸如聚丙烯)或工程类(诸如尼龙)。第一部件12和第二部件14还可以用加强剂或增强剂填充以改变或改善机械性能。
填料浓度可以低至注射成型塑料的几个百分点,或者高达高性能复合物的70%左右。常用类型的填料不限于玻璃和碳,二者可以是粉末或纤维的形式。当填料是粉末或短纤维时(具有几百微米量级的长度),所填充的热塑性聚合物通常仍称为塑料。因为纤维长度变得更长,故材料可以称为聚合物复合物。
聚合物复合物中的纤维可以分类为短、长或连续的。短纤维和长纤维复合物包含长度为毫米量级的不连续纤维,和长达几毫米的短纤维或几厘米的长纤维。连续纤维在片材或纺织物中可以以相同方向取向,并以不同取向编织。连续纤维的片材可以沿各方向层压,这影响复合物的材料性质。
当第一部件12和第二部件14的纤维长度变得更长且纤维浓度变得更大时,机械性能通常增加。热塑性聚合物和复合物的加工可以从对于较短纤维长度和较低纤维浓度的注射模制到对于较长纤维长度和较高纤维浓度的压缩模制或者热成型和冲压。因此,设备10可用于接合由很多塑料和复合物材料(其具有变化的材料性质、加工条件和最终应用)形成的第一部件12和第二部件14。
图中所示的结构是基本图示以辅助描述本文所述的方法、设备和结构。技术人员将认识到,附加工具、部件和设备可用于实现本文所述的技术。
尽管可以相对于特定应用或行业描述本公开,但本领域技术人员将认识到本公开的更广泛应用。本领域普通技术人员将认识到,术语“上方”、“下方”、“向上”、“向下”等用于描述图,且不代表对由所附权利要求限定的本公开的范围的限制。任何数值符号,诸如“第一”或“第二”仅仅是说明性的,且不旨在以任何方式限制本公开的范围。
一个图中所示的特征可以与任何图中所示的特征组合,替代其,或者通过其修改。除了另外说明,没有特征、元件或限制与任何其他特征、元件或限制互相排斥。此外,没有特征、元件或限制绝对为操作所需。图中所示的任何特定配置仅仅是说明性的,且所示的特定配置不限制权利要求或者说明书。
如本文所使用,术语“基本上”是指理想完美或完整的关系,但制造现实性防止绝对完整性。因此,基本上表示来自完整性的典型差异。例如,如果高度A基本上等于高度B,则将优选的是,两个高度100.0%相等,但制造现实性可能导致距离自这种完整性变化。技术人员将认识到可接受差异的量。
另外,对于基本的等同物,覆盖率、面积或距离通常可以在完整性的10%内。类似地,相对对准诸如平行或垂直通常可认为是在5%内。然而,注意,相关领域的普通技术人员将理解来自完整性的可接受差异。
设备10加热第一部件12和融合板16任一或二者。在图1中的设备10的配置中,接合工具20还是加热设备。然而,注意,可以使用单独的专用加热器或者加热设备来代替将接合工具20用作加热器,还如本文所述。
在加热之后,设备10配置为采用接合工具20将融合板16附接到第一部件12。在该配置中,接合工具20提供线性力以将融合板16推入第一部件12。融合板16还可由不同材料形成,包括(不限于):钢、铝或聚合物。在大部分配置中,融合板16可具有比第一部件12或第二部件14的材料较高的熔点。
接合工具20的面22将融合板16推入第一部件12。如示意性地示出,面22可包括空腔以允许融合板16的部分诸如突起嵌入面22内。
砧座24采用接合工具20提供第一部件12之间的反作用力。砧座24可以是提供反作用力的任何结构的代表,诸如传输带或者还使第一部件12相对于接合工具20移动的其他结构。
在设备10的一些配置中,与接合工具20相反,融合板16最初可以由砧座24保持。因此,融合板16的一部分可以凹陷在砧座24内,使得其可以具有与接合工具20的面22上的那些类似的特征。在将融合板16附接到第一部件12之前,融合板16可以相对于接合工具20设置在第一部件12的相对侧。这种配置还导致设备10在附接第二部件14之前翻转第一部件12和融合板16。另外,加热器可以位于砧座24附近或者并入砧座24,使得热量通过砧座24施加到第二部件14。
设备10还配置为采用接合工具20将第二部件14附接到融合板16,使得第一部件12、融合板16和第二部件14彼此固定地附接。接合工具20的面22将融合板16推入第二部件14。在许多配置中,在将第二部件14附接到融合板16之前,接合工具20(或者其他加热设备)还将采用接合工具20加热第二部件14或者融合板16。
在将融合板16嵌入其中之前,加热使第一部件12和第二部件14的材料熔融或者至少软化。加热可提供不同的附接特征,而不是例如驱动紧固件穿过第一部件12或者第二部件14,且可以允许融合板16的部分穿透第一部件12或第二部件14,而不改变相邻结构。
尽管图1的视图是示意性的,但在许多配置中,设备10将嵌入融合板16使得其完全或者基本上由第一部件12和第二部件14包围。因此,融合板16从视野和从环境暴露中隐去。由将第一部件12附接到第二部件14形成的组合件比第一部件12或者第二部件14较大,使得其可以用于第一12和第二部件14均不能实现的功能。
如所示,在将融合板16附接到第一部件12之后,设备10可以使第一部件12和融合板16相对于接合工具20翻转。这允许在将第二部件14附接到融合板16之前零件相对于接合工具20的重新取向,并允许接合工具20在相同方向上作用用于两个附接过程。设备10的其他配置不可以翻转第一部件12和融合板16,使得接合工具20将第二部件14推入融合板16。
在设备10的许多配置中,在将第二固件14附接到融合板16之前,接合工具20还将加热第二部件14。可选地,专用加热器可以用于加热第二部件14、融合板16或二者。
为了加热第一部件12、第二部件14、融合板16或其组合,接合工具20可以配置为以各种方式产生热量。例如,融合板20可包括电阻加热元件,使得接合工具20被加热并将该热量传导性地传递到融合板16,或者使得接合工具20施加穿过融合板16的电流并经由电阻直接加热融合板16。
另外,设备10可以配置为使得接合工具20为超声焊头。因此,接合工具20配置为经由超声加热来加热融合板16和/或第一部件12,以及加热融合板16和/或第二部件14。将超声焊头并入接合工具20提供相对快的加热,允许第一部件12或第二部件14的材料在附接到融合板16期间熔融。
尽管图1可将设备10示出为大致在相同的设施内并且以单个进程操作,但所示步骤可以在不同时间或不同设施执行。例如,一个或多个融合板16可以在一个设施处附接到第一部件12,并然后运送到不同设施以与第二部件14组合用于一个或多个最终零件。这可能是在这种情况下,例如在第一部件12和第二部件14由不同材料形成的情形下。
此外,备选配置可使用多个接合工具20。例如,由于所示接合工具20包括用以允许融合板16的突起凹陷在其中的面22上的特征,故设备10可使用不包括凹陷空腔的接合工具来附接第二部件14。
还参照图2A、2B和2C,且继续参照图1,示出了融合板的更详细细节,该融合板可以用作图1的设备10内的融合板16。进一步参照图3A、3B、3C和3D,示出了在冲压成三维板之前,作为二维坯件的融合板的示意性俯视图,诸如图2A、2B和2C中所示的那些。
图2A示出了融合板110的等距视图,而图2B和图2C分别示出了旋转地驱动的融合板140和紧固件型融合板160的侧视图。图3A示出了作为二维坯件的图2A的融合板110的俯视图,图3B示出了作为二维坯件的图2B的融合板140的俯视图。图3C和图3D示出了均作为二维坯件的融合板210和融合板240的俯视图。
不限于图2A-3D以及其他地方所示的融合板的不同配置。本文的融合板的配置仅说明与本文所述设备和方法一起使用的融合板的一些可能特征。此外,技术人员将认识到本文所述的融合板的形状和特征的变型。
大体上参照图2A和3A,图2A示出了融合板110,其可以用于将第一部件12接合到图1所示的第二部件14或者其他部件。融合板110具有基本上位于其中心处的轴线112。
轴线112限定基本上与其重合的轴向方向。径向方向114限定为从轴线112向外延伸。此外,角方向116限定为基本上垂直于径向方向114。角方向116还可以称为切向方向或者围绕轴线112的方位(以圆柱坐标系定义)。
融合板110的平面主体120配置为置于部件(诸如图1所示的第一部件12和第二部件14)之间。平面主体120具有第一侧122和基本上与第一侧122相对的第二侧124。
多个第一穿透特征或第一突起132从平面主体120的第一侧122延伸并从或者围绕融合板110的轴线112径向发散。第一突起132配置为嵌入部件中的一个内。
在所示的融合板中,多个第二穿透特征或者第二突起134从第二侧124延伸,与第一突起132相对。第二突起134从轴线112径向发散,且第二突起134配置为嵌入另一部件,诸如第二部件14。使第一突起132和第二突起134嵌入是经由诸如通过接合工具20基本上沿着或平行于轴线112施加力而发生。
图3A示出了融合板110的二维坯件型式上的第一突起132和第二突起134。第一突起132相对于第二突起134径向向内。如图3A和3B之间的比较所示,融合板110可以通过将二维坯件由扁材冲压成并然后从平面主体120朝向轴线112或者基本上与轴线112平行地向外翻转(沿相反方向)第一突起132和第二突起134来形成。
尽管所接合的部件在图2A或3A中不可见,但融合板110配置为通过其所附接的部件完全或基本上隐去。例如,如果融合板110用于将第一部件12接合到图1所示的第二部件14,则融合板110将从视野中隐去,且第一突起132和第二突起134均不穿透相应部件。除了隐去融合板110提供的美学益处,其还免受环境暴露并且不太可能腐蚀。
如图2A所示,融合板110的第一突起132和第二突起134关于轴线112径向且成角度地对称。将融合板110旋转120度产生相同取向。其他配置可具有以90度对称的径向对准,或者可具有不彼此对准的内外突起。
不管图2A和3A所示的对称,使融合板110围绕轴线112成角度地对准或摆动仍可能是有益的。因此,融合板110包括形成在平面主体120的外部边缘处的多个对准特征136。
对准特征136配置为围绕轴线112成角度地定位平面主体120、第一突起132和第二突起134,以及接合工具(诸如接合工具20)。例如,且不限于,由融合板110接合的部件可能很可能沿特定方向分离,使得第一突起132和第二突起134可以特定地取向以阻碍该分离方向。接合工具(诸如接合工具20)可以包括从与对准特征136接口连接的面延伸的特征(诸如钉子)。
如果接合工具包括用以与对准特征136接口连接的钉子,则将一个接合工具用于融合板110与第一部件的初始附接以及然后将第二接合工具用于融合板110与第二部件的附接可能是有益的。注意,接合工具上的钉子还可以用于旋转融合板110,因为其被嵌入第一部件,如相对于其他配置更详细地描述。
如图3A所示,融合板110可包括穿过平面主体120形成的任选的轴向对准孔138。轴向对准孔138使融合板110大约相对于轴线112对准,但不使第一突起132和第二突起134成角度地对准。尤其是轴向对准孔138使融合板110围绕轴线112居中,但允许融合板110(如果对准特征136不与接合工具相互作用)相对于轴线112旋转。
融合板110或其多个可以是接合部件的唯一特征,或者融合板110可以与粘合剂协同工作。融合板110或者其多个可以用于帮助限定或控制部件之间的粘合剂的厚度。
因此,融合板110的表面可以被处理以限制与粘合剂的不期望化学反应性,或者促进与粘合剂的有益化学反应性。另外,由于融合板110可以由其所附接的部件包封,故融合板110可以被处理以限制与部件的材料的不期望化学反应性。
另外,融合板110可以被处理以促进融合板110和其所附接的部件之间的粘合或把持。因此,平面主体120的表面(包括第一侧122、第二侧124、第一突起132和第二突起134上的那些)可具有应用到其的化学处理以增强融合板110与第一部件12和第二部件14的粘合。另外或可选地,平面主体120的表面(包括第一侧122和第二侧124、第一突起132和第二突起134上的那些)可具有应用到其的化学处理以增强融合板110与第一部件12和第二部件14的粘合。示例性机械处理包括(不限于)喷砂或其他磨损。
图2B和图3B分别示出了融合板140的示意性侧视图和俯视图。如同图2A的融合板110,融合板140关于轴线141对称,尽管该对称可能在图2B难以看清。
多个第一突起212从平面主体243延伸并相对于轴线141径向间隔开。融合板140进一步包括相对第一突起142延伸的多个第二突起144。
不像沿着轴线141对准的第一突起142,第二突起144具有沿角方向延伸的角状突起150。因此,第二突起144配置为经由围绕轴线141的旋转(与沿着轴线141的线性力相比或者除了沿着轴线141的线性力)而嵌入部件内。
如图3B最佳示出,角状突起150沿角方向152从第二突起144的其余部分延伸。融合板140的旋转使角状突起150嵌入部件(诸如第一部件12和第二部件14),使得融合板140经由沿着轴线141的牵引力(除了垂直于轴线的剪切力)对抗与部件的分离。
融合板140还包括形成在平面主体143的外部边缘处的多个对准特征154。对准特征154配置为围绕轴线141成角度地定位和取向融合板140。此外,对准特征154可以与接合工具相互作用以辅助将融合板140和角状突起150旋转地推入部件中的一个。
图2示出了关于轴线161对称的融合板160的示意性侧视图。类似于其他配置,多个第一突起162从平面主体163延伸。
第一突起162从平面主体163的第一侧164延伸。然而,不像本文所示的其他配置,融合板160不包括从平面主体163的第二侧165延伸的第二突起。
相反,紧固件170附接到平面主体163并延伸远离第二侧165,与第一突起162相对。紧固件170可以是例如且不限于:螺丝钉、自冲铆钉、销-卡圈铆钉、螺栓或者盲孔铆钉。第一突起162配置为经由基本平行于轴线161的力而附接到部件诸如第一部件12或者第二部件14。紧固件170配置为经由围绕轴线161的旋转或者基本上平行于轴线161的力的施加而附接到其他部件。紧固件170可以并入融合板160,或者可以为穿过融合板160或者随后附接到融合板160的单独件。
注意,备选配置可具有紧固件170和从平面主体163的相同侧延伸的第一突起162。例如,第一突起162可以推入第一部件12的一侧。第二部件14可以相对于第一部件12与融合板160相对放置,且紧固件170驱动穿过第一部件12和第二部件14以在其间产生附接。注意,使用紧固件170的许多配置不可以导致第一部件12经由完全隐藏的结构接合到第二部件14,因为融合板160、紧固件170任一或者二者可以从组装零件的一侧可见。
图3C和3D示出了融合板配置的二维坯件型式。图3C示出了作为二维坯件的融合板210的示意性俯视图。融合板210关于轴线对称,该轴线大致垂直于图3C的视点。
多个第一突起212从平面主体243延伸并相对于轴线径向间隔开。融合板210进一步包括相对于第一突起212延伸的多个第二突起214。
第一突起212和第二突起214包括沿角方向延伸的钩接特征216。第一突起212和第二突起214配置为经由沿着轴线的线性力嵌入部件内。
在部件中任一个的材料凝固后,与简单地提供基本上与轴线平行的拖曳或摩擦阻力相反,钩接特征216提供正阻力。因此,融合板210经由沿着轴线的牵引力对抗与部件的分离。
此外,在将第一突起212或第二突起214叉状特征嵌入部件的过程期间,第一突起212或者第二突起214可以重取向,使得他们不再与融合板210的板的轴线对准。该重取向可提供用以拉开的附加阻力,并且可以由嵌入过程控制。
图3D示出了作为二维坯件的融合板240的示意性俯视图。融合板240关于轴线对称,该轴线大致垂直于图3D的视点。
多个第一突起242从平面主体243延伸并相对于轴线径向间隔开。融合板240进一步包括相对于第一突起242延伸的多个第二突起244。
不像一些其他配置,融合板240包括许多不同的铆接、或热铆接特征,这些特征设计为产生与融合板240所附接的部件(诸如图1的第一部件12和第二部件14)的正锁定。第一突起242和第二突起244包括铆接特征246,在被推入加热的部件之后,该铆接特征允许熔融材料径向流动穿过第一突起242和第二突起244。因此,铆接特征246经由沿着轴线的牵引力对抗与部件的分离,其类似于图3C所示的融合板210的钩接特征216。
另外,融合板240包括中心铆接孔或者锥形孔250,其用于将平面主体143铆接到部件中的一个。例如,由于融合板240嵌入第一部件,故来自第一部件的熔融材料向上流动穿过锥形孔250并沿着椎体径向向外。当材料在锥形孔250内再次凝固时,存在与轴线平行的正约束力,因为该材料已经在椎体之上锁紧。锥形孔250还可以有益于使融合板240相对于接合工具对准。注意,类似的锥形孔示意性地示于图7。
现参照图4-7,以及继续参照图1-3D,示出了用于接合多个塑料部件的设备或系统的附加示意图。图中所示设备可以与图2A-3D所示的融合板,或者与类似功能的接合结构一起使用。
图4是用于将部件诸如第一部件312与一个或多个融合板316接合的设备310的示意图。在所示配置中,多个融合板316通过承载条318接合。如所示,接合工具320将融合板316连续地附接到第一部件312。
不像一些其他配置,图4中所示融合板316通过承载条318连接。这些融合板316可以作为供应到设备310的卷材或卷轴(未示出)进行存储。另外,不像一些其他配置,接合工具320是辊子并与线性冲压机相对。因此,接合工具320将多个融合板316连续地附接到第一部件312,且力被砧座322反作用。
尽管未示出,但第二部件然后可经由类似方法(辊子)或经由现场方法附接到融合板316。例如,接合的第一部件312和融合板316的部分可以被切割或分开,并然后经由线性接合器工具(诸如图1所示的接合工具20)附接到单个第二部件。
在所示的设备310中,在将融合板316附接到第一部件312之前,融合板316的一部分凹陷在接合工具320内。凹陷在接合工具320内可有助于使融合板316相对于第一部件312对准,并可有助于通过接合工具320将压力施加在融合板316上。
加热器或加热设备324将热量施加到第一部件312、融合板316或二者。因此,可以改进第一部件312内的融合板316的嵌入突起,尤其是如果所得热量足以熔融第一部件312的材料。可选地,接合工具320可以是加热器,或者可以被加热,使得当他们移动到第一部件312时,接合工具320加热融合板316。
在所示配置中,加热设备324是感应加热器,其基本上仅加热第一部件312。然而,加热设备324还可以是例如且不限于超声加热器或者辐射加热器。此外,因为承载条318连接融合板316,故设备310可利用电阻加热来加热融合板316。
散布器326将粘合剂涂布在第一部件312和随后的第二部件之间。在该配置中,在将融合板316嵌入第一部件312后涂布粘合剂。然而,在接合融合板316之前(相对于工作流程从左到右方向),其他配置可放置散布器326。通常,粘合剂将散布在融合板316周围并穿过承载条318,使得粘合发生在第一部件312、融合板316和第二部件之间。
图5是用于经由现场或批次方法采用多个融合板366将第一部件362接合到第二部件364的设备360的示意图。设备360使用经由承载条368连接的融合板366,但却是采用与连续方法相反的批次或现场方法进行。
在采用接合工具370将融合板366的部分嵌入第一部件362之前,设备360加热融合板366。在所示配置中,设备360经由来自电压源372的电阻加热来加热融合板366(并引导将其连接到融合板366)。由于融合板366经由电阻被加热,故其可以能将融合板366基本上同时嵌入第一部件362和第二部件364内,如所示。
图5示出了当接合工具370将线性压力施加到其时,部分嵌入第一部件362和第二部件364的融合板366,在将融合板366完全嵌入后,第一部件362和第二部件364可以包围融合板366,使得他们从视野和从环境暴露中隐去。
图6是用于接合多个塑料部件的设备410的示意图。在所示配置中,第一部件412和第二部件414最初接合到融合板416,然后第三部件418接合到其。
接合工具420配置为旋转地驱动融合板416,该融合板包括从其一侧延伸的紧固件422。在所示配置中,坚固件422驱动穿过第一部件412和第二部件414,抵靠砧座424的支撑件。
紧固件422可以附接到作为垫片的融合板466的平面主体。可选地,紧固件422可以作为与融合板416的一个整体并入或者可以经由诸如包覆模制而集成。
在设备410的一些配置中,接合工具420还可以诸如通过超声加热来加热紧固件422、第一部件412、第二部件414,或其组合。然而,在许多配置中,紧固件422可以配置为刺穿第一部件412和第二部件414中的一个或二者,而无需借助热量或者无需熔融其材料。
融合板416还包括从紧固件422的相对侧延伸的多个突起426。融合板416还类似于图2C所示的紧固件型融合板160。突起426凹陷在接合工具420内,其可以提供将转矩施加到融合板416所需的接口并将其旋转地推入部件。
第三部件418可然后经由接合工具420施加的线性力而附接到融合板416的突起426。注意,接合工具420配置用于线性和旋转驱动。另外,在将突起426嵌入第三部件418之前,接合工具420可配置为加热第三部件418,诸如通过超声加热,或者配置为加热融合板416,诸如通过感应加热。
仍参照图2B,设备410尤其是接合工具420还可以用于将旋转型紧固件附接到部件,诸如图2B的融合板140。例如,使用图6所示的用于说明的一些元件,融合板140可附接到第一部件412并然后附接到第三部件418。
最初,融合板140的第一突起142可以凹陷在接合工具420内(类似于融合板416的突起426的取向)。热量可以通过接合工具420或者通过专用加热器施加到第一部件412。
接合工具410的旋转以及直线前进将致使融合板140的第二突起144嵌入第一部件412内。特别地,在材料再凝固后,角状突起150将锁定在第一部件412内。
然后第三部件418可以覆盖到第一部件412和融合板140上。接合工具420可以将热量施加到第三部件418、融合板140或二者,并且然后接合工具420可将融合板140的第一突起142推入第三部件418。
图7是用于经由现场或批次方法将第一部件462和第二部件464与融合板466接合的设备460的示意图。如图7所示,设备460包括将融合板466至少热铆接到第一部件462。
融合板466的中心包括锥形孔468,其类似于图3D所示的融合板240的锥形孔250。接合工具470将热量和压力施加到融合板466。加热可以引入接合工具470,诸如超声焊头,或者可以来自专用加热器472,如图7所示。加热器472可以例如且不限于感应加热器。
由于接合工具470施加压力以及加热器472施加热,故第一部件462的材料熔融,这允许材料的一部分流动穿过融合板466的锥形孔468。这在图7的第一进程(左边)中示出。
当材料运动穿过锥形孔468时,接合工具470的面将约束进一步的运动。在热量和压力从第一部件462去除后,锥形孔468内的材料将凝固。此时,第一部件462的材料和融合板466之间存在正约束,因为该材料中的一些已经径向和轴向地移动到锥形孔468的部分上。这在图7的第二进程(右边)中示出。
另外,接合工具470的面可以用于形成将第一部件462铆接到融合板466的熔融材料的轮廓或形状。因此,当材料凝固时,接合工具470可影响所产生的铆接结合的形状和类型。
第二部件464可然后与融合板466的相对侧对准。注意,除了突起,融合板466通过在锥形孔468内热铆接而移动受限。融合板466、第二部件464或二者然后被加热并施加线性力,使得融合板466的部分嵌入第二部件464内。注意,因为接合板470包括在其面上的空腔,故不同的接合工具可以用于接合融合板和第二部件464。
详细描述和附图或绘图支持和描述本文讨论的主题。尽管已经详细描述了一些最佳模式和其他实施例,但存在各种备选设计、实施例和配置。

Claims (9)

1.一种采用融合板将第一部件接合到第二部件的方法,包括:
采用接合工具和加热元件中的一个来加热所述第一部件和所述融合板中的一个;
将延伸自所述融合板的多个第一突起嵌入到第一部件,来让所述接合工具将所述融合板附接到所述第一部件;以及
将延伸自所述融合板的多个第二突起嵌入到第二部件,来让所述接合工具将所述第二部件附接到所述融合板,使得所述第一部件、所述融合板和所述第二部件相互固定地附接,且
其中所述融合板基本上由所述第一部件和所述第二部件包围,使得所述融合板从视野和环境暴露中隐去,并且所述第一突起和第二突起未熔融于所述第一部件和第二部件内。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,进一步包括:在将所述融合板附接到所述第一部件之后以及在将所述第二部件附接到所述融合板之前使所述第一部件和所述融合板相对于所述接合工具翻转。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中在将所述融合板附接到所述第一部件之前,所述融合板的一部分凹陷在所述接合工具内。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中所述接合工具经由超声加热来加热所述第一部件和所述融合板中的其中一个。
5.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中加热所述第一部件和所述融合板中的其中一个是经由感应加热而发生。
6.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中加热所述第一部件和所述融合板中的其中一个是经由电阻加热而发生。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中所述融合板是其间具有连接条的多个融合板,其中所述多个融合板以连续方法附接到所述第一部件,且其中所述多个融合板以连续方法附接到所述第二部件。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中在将所述融合板附接到所述第一部件之前,所述融合板的一部分在所述第一部件的与所述接合工具相对的一侧凹陷在砧座内。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法,进一步包括:采用所述接合工具使所述第一部件的一部分熔融,使得来自所述第一部件的材料流动穿过所述融合板的一部分并凝固以相对于所述第一部件保持所述融合板。
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