CN109489175B - Underground ventilation system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an underground ventilation system, which relates to the field of house construction and aims to solve the problems that the existing underground ventilation system mainly relies on an electromechanical ventilation system, resulting in high energy consumption and high maintenance cost. : Including a ventilation shaft and several ventilation pipes, the ventilation pipes are arranged in the underground building, and one end is connected to the ventilation shaft, and also includes a number of exhaust pipes, one end of the exhaust pipes is connected to the interior of the underground building, and the other end extends upwards out of the surface , and its upper end is fixedly connected with a non-powered air cap, and an air induction pipe column connected to the ventilation shaft is provided on the ground surface, and the side wall of the air induction pipe column is provided with a tuyere connecting its inner cavity and the outside world. A plurality of air-inducing panels are arranged horizontally, and the plurality of air-inducing panels are vertically arranged and arranged in an inclined manner, and the lower part of the air-inducing panels is inclined toward the inside of the air-inducing pipe column. The underground ventilation system of the present invention can reduce ventilation energy consumption and reduce maintenance cost.

Description

Underground ventilation system

technical field

The invention relates to the field of house construction, more particularly, to an underground ventilation system.

Background technique

With the development of urbanization, the population is becoming more and more concentrated, and land resources are becoming more and more tense in cities. In order to deal with this problem, the building began to develop vertically, not only the height is higher and higher, but the underground space is also used at the same time.

After the underground space is developed into an underground garage, the first problem that needs to be faced is ventilation. Because it is located on the underground side and cannot open a window to connect to the outside world, once the ventilation structure is not good, the underground space will inevitably have air turbidity, humidity and suffocation, etc. question.

Most of the existing underground spaces rely on the electromechanical ventilation system to complete the ventilation work. Although this method can complete the ventilation work, it consumes a lot of energy and the maintenance cost is relatively high. Therefore, a new solution needs to be proposed to solve this problem.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an underground ventilation system, which can reduce the ventilation energy consumption and reduce the maintenance cost.

The above-mentioned technical purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: an underground ventilation system, comprising a ventilation shaft and several ventilation pipes, the ventilation pipes are arranged in the underground building, and one end is connected to the ventilation shaft, and the other end is connected to the underground The interior of the building also includes a number of exhaust ducts, one end of the exhaust duct is connected to the interior of the underground building, the other end extends upward out of the ground, and the upper end of the exhaust duct is fixedly connected with a non-powered air cap, and the surface is provided with a ventilation shaft connected to the ventilation shaft. The air-inducing pipe column, the side wall of the air-inducing pipe column is provided with a tuyere that communicates the inner cavity and the outside world, and a plurality of air-inducing plates are laterally arranged in the air-gut, and the plurality of the air-inducing plates are arranged vertically and in the shape of Inclined arrangement, the lower part of the air-inducing plate is inclined toward the inside of the air-inducing pipe column.

By adopting the above technical solution, when the wind blows through the air induction pipe column, part of the air flow enters the air induction pipe column under the action of the inclined downward and inward air induction plate, and the wind enters the ventilation shaft and enters the ventilation pipe along it, and then enters the ventilation pipe. Enter the underground building through the ventilation duct to achieve ventilation; because the exhaust duct connecting the interior of the underground building is provided, and the upper end is provided with a non-powered air cap, so the air in the underground building can form convection.

The present invention is further provided that: the ventilation shaft extends vertically downward, and the lower end is provided with a connecting pipe body horizontally, the connecting pipe communicates with the ventilation shaft and the ventilation pipe, and the connecting pipe body is provided with a sewage discharge directly below the ventilation shaft A sewage collecting box is arranged at the lower part of the connecting pipe body. The sewage collecting box is located directly below the sewage outlet and communicated with the connecting pipe body.

By adopting the above technical solution, the dirt that accidentally enters the ventilation shaft through the gap between the draft plates will fall into the dirt collection box under the action of gravity and be collected, thereby preventing the dirt from entering the ventilation duct and affecting the use effect, and it is convenient for later stages. The staff concentrates on handling the dirt.

The present invention is further provided that: the sewage collecting box is connected with a drainage pipe, and the other end of the drainage pipe is connected with an underground drainage system.

By adopting the above technical solution, the rainwater entering the ventilation shaft in rainy weather, especially in rainstorm and typhoon weather, will fall into the sewage collecting box and be discharged through the drainage pipe connected to the sewage collecting box, thereby ensuring the use effect of the present invention.

According to the present invention, a matching partition plate is arranged laterally in the sewage collecting box, the partition plate is located above the drainage pipe, and a plurality of through holes are opened along the thickness direction.

By adopting the above technical solution, the bulky dirt can be blocked by the partition plate, preventing it from entering the drainage pipe and causing blockage, thereby ensuring the use effect.

The present invention is further provided as follows: the side wall of the sewage collection box is provided with a side opening that communicates with the outside world, the side opening is covered and connected with a matching cover plate, and the lower edge of the side opening is located in the drainage pipeline to communicate with the sewage collection. above one end of the box.

By adopting the above technical solution, when necessary, the staff can open the cover and clean the inside of the sewage collection box through the side opening; since the lower edge of the side opening is located above the drainage pipe, the rainwater from the cover and the side opening can be reduced. Chances of seepage in crevices.

The present invention is further provided as follows: the upper part of the air-inducing pipe column has an opening structure, and the upper opening is provided with a light-transmitting top; the side wall of the sewage collecting box is provided with a plurality of light-transmitting windows, and the light-transmitting windows are provided with a plurality of light-transmitting windows. Fitted translucent cover.

By adopting the above technical solution, the light can be irradiated into the ventilation shaft through the light-transmitting top. On the one hand, it is convenient for the staff to clean the sewage collecting box in the later stage, and on the other hand, it can prevent the inside of the sewage collecting box from being too dark to breed bacteria; at the same time, because the sewage collecting box is too dark The light-transmitting sealing plate on the side of the body, so the light can enter the underground building for lighting, thereby enhancing the use effect.

The present invention is further provided as follows: a plurality of secondary ventilation ducts are further included, the lower ends of the secondary ventilation ducts are connected to the underground building, and the upper ends extend upward out of the ground surface, the upper ports of the secondary ventilation ducts are covered with end covers, and the ends of the secondary ventilation ducts A rotating shaft is vertically arranged on the upper part of the cover, the upper end of the rotating shaft is provided with a wind wheel, the lower end extends into the secondary ventilation duct, and the fan blade is fixed at the lower end, and the side wall of the secondary ventilation duct is provided with a plurality of communicating inner cavities and External secondary vents.

By adopting the above technical solution, when the wind blows over the wind wheel, it drives the fan blades to rotate synchronously through the rotating shaft, so that the airflow in the secondary ventilation duct rises or sinks, so as to draw or supply air to the interior of the underground building, thereby realizing ventilation.

The present invention is further provided as follows: a plurality of guide plates are arranged in the secondary tuyere, the plurality of guide plates are arranged vertically, and are arranged obliquely, and the lower part of the guide plate is inclined toward the side of the secondary ventilation duct, and extend out to the side.

By adopting the above technical solution, the deflector can be used to prevent rainwater from entering the secondary ventilation duct; when the rainwater moves toward the secondary air outlet, it falls on the deflector and follows the deflector under the action of gravity. moving and eventually slipping down the side of the secondary ventilation duct.

To sum up, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. The wind blowing through the air induction pipe column can enter the ventilation shaft under the action of the air induction plate, and enter the interior of the underground building through the ventilation pipe; there is an exhaust pipe connected to the underground building, and the upper end of the exhaust pipe is provided with a non-powered air cap The air in the underground building is drawn out, so as to form air convection with the air induction pipe column, and realize the ventilation of the underground building; because it is not an electromechanical ventilation structure, it consumes less energy and has a lower maintenance cost;

2. When the wind blows through the wind wheel on the secondary ventilation duct, the wind wheel rotates and drives the fan blades to rotate through the rotating shaft, so as to supply or exhaust air to the interior of the underground building through the secondary ventilation duct, thereby enhancing the ventilation effect.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram 1 of the present invention, which is used to show the overall structure;

Fig. 2 is a partial exploded view one of the present invention, which is mainly used to show the fan blade and the wind wheel;

FIG. 3 is a second schematic view of the structure of the present invention, which is mainly used to show the structure of the draft pipe column;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram 3 of the present invention, which is mainly used to show the structure of the sewage collection box;

FIG. 5 is a partial exploded diagram 2 of the present invention, which is mainly used to show the structure of the sewage outlet.

In the figure: 1. Ventilation shaft; 2. Ventilation duct; 3. Exhaust duct; 31. Unpowered air cap; 4. Induction pipe column; 41. Air outlet; 42. Induction board; 43. Light-transmitting roof; 5. Connection pipe; 51, sewage outlet; 6, sewage collection box; 61, drainage pipe; 62, partition plate; 621, through hole; 63, side opening; 631, cover plate; 64, light transmission window; 641, light transmission Sealing plate; 7. Secondary ventilation duct; 71. End cover; 72. Secondary air outlet; 73. Baffle plate; 81. Rotating shaft; 82. Wind wheel; 83. Fan blade.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

The underground ventilation system, referring to Figures 1 and 2, includes a ventilation shaft 1 and several ventilation pipes 2, wherein the ventilation shaft 1 is vertically opened and cast under the ground, the upper end of which is connected to the outside world, and the lower end extends into the underground building. The ventilation duct 2 is installed and fixed in the underground building, and a plurality of through windows are correspondingly opened and installed on the ventilation duct 2 . The ventilation duct 2 is communicated with the ventilation shaft 1 so as to communicate with the outside world for ventilation.

Referring to FIG. 1, an air induction pipe column 4 is provided on the ground above the upper opening of the ventilation duct 2, and the main body of the air induction pipe column 4 is in the shape of a vertically arranged cuboid, which can be made of masonry or metal. Structural welded/riveted fixed.

Referring to FIG. 3 , a tuyere 41 is opened on the side wall of the air-inducing pipe column 4 to communicate with the inner cavity and the outside world. A plurality of horizontal draft boards 42 are installed and fixed in the tuyere 41, and the length of the draft boards 42 fits the tuyere 41; The plate surface is inclined, and its lower end is inclined toward the inside of the air induction pipe column 4 .

When the natural wind blows through the air induction pipe string 4, part of the air flow enters the inner cavity of the air induction pipe string 4 under the guiding action of the air induction plate 42, and enters the ventilation shaft 1 along the air induction pipe string 4, and then passes through ventilation. Pipe 2 enters the underground building for ventilation.

The air-inducing plate 42 is inclined and is inclined toward the inside of the air-inducing pipe column 4. On the one hand, it can be used for air-induction. The effect of inducing air is strengthened, and the ventilation effect of the present invention is strengthened.

Referring to FIG. 1 , because air circulation needs to form convection, the present invention also includes a plurality of exhaust ducts 3, which are vertically cast in the soil layer, the lower end of which is connected to the interior of the underground building, and the upper end extends out of the ground, and is installed and fixed with Unpowered hood 31. The unpowered air cap 31 can form an updraft in the exhaust duct 3, and lead out the air in the underground building, so as to cooperate with the air induction pipe column 4 to ventilate the basement.

Considering that the actual effect of the draft board 42 is greatly affected by the natural wind, in our country, the tuyere 41 is preferably oriented in the southeast or northwest direction to enhance the use effect in the monsoon. The air induction pipe column 4 is preferably set in a relatively open area, and it is forbidden to plant green plants or build shelters on the side.

Referring to FIG. 1, since the dust and dirt from the outside always inevitably enter the air induction pipe column 4 through the tuyere 41, at this time, in order to prevent the dirt from entering the underground building, a fixed connection pipe 5 is installed horizontally at the lower end of the ventilation shaft 1; The connecting pipe 5 communicates the ventilation shaft 1 and the ventilation pipe 2 .

Referring to the drawings and FIG. 5 , a sewage outlet 51 is opened on the connecting pipe 5 just below the ventilation shaft 1; The sewage collection box 6 is communicated with the sewage outlet 51 . When in use, the dirt falls into the dirt collecting box 6 through the sewage outlet 51 under the action of gravity.

In order to prevent rainwater from entering the air induction pipe column 4 to affect the use effect in rainy weather, especially in heavy rain and typhoon weather, referring to FIG. 4 and FIG. One end of the drainage pipe 61 is communicated with the sewage collecting box 6, and the other end is communicated with the underground drainage/sewage discharge system. When rainwater accidentally enters the air induction pipe column 4, it first falls into the sewage collection box 6, and then enters the underground drainage/sewage discharge system through the drainage pipe 61, thereby ensuring that the ventilation effect of the present invention is not affected.

In order to prevent the odor of the underground drainage/sewage system from leaking out, a water turning elbow (water seal structure) is correspondingly arranged in the drainage pipe 61 to further enhance the use effect.

Referring to FIG. 4 , in order to prevent large-scale dirt from falling into the sewage collection box 6 to block the drainage pipe 61 , a matching partition plate 62 is laterally arranged in the sewage collection box 6 . The partition plate 62 is located above one end of the drainage pipe 61 that communicates with the sewage collecting box 6, and there is a certain distance from the bottom surface of the box body; a plurality of through holes 621 are opened on the partition plate 62 along its thickness direction. At this time, the relatively large dirt such as fallen leaves is blocked by the partition plate 62 after entering the dirt collecting box 6, while the relatively small dirt and rainwater are not affected and can fall through the through hole 621 and drain through the drain Pipe 61 discharges.

Referring to FIG. 4 , a side opening 63 connecting the inner cavity and the outside is opened on the side surface of the sewage collecting box 6 , and a cover plate 631 fitted with the side opening 63 is hinged. After the present invention is used for a period of time, relevant staff can open the cover 631 to open the side opening 63 to clean the dirt on the partition 62 and avoid excessive odor in the dirt collecting box 6 .

The lower edge of the side opening 63 is required to have a certain distance from the bottom of the inner box of the sewage collection box 6 to reduce the probability of rainwater seeping out from the gap after the cover plate 631 covers the side opening 63 and enhance the use effect.

Further, referring to FIG. 1 , the upper end of the air-inducing pipe column 4 has an opening structure, and a steel frame connected by bolts is fixed at the opening to fit a light-transmitting top 43 , and the light-transmitting top 43 is made of tempered glass. At this time, the light can enter the air induction pipe column 4 and the ventilation shaft 1 through the light-transmitting top 43 , and finally irradiate into the sewage collecting box 6 . On the one hand, the above arrangement can facilitate the cleaning of the sewage collecting box 6 by the staff, and on the other hand, it can prevent the inside of the sewage collecting box 6 from being too dark to breed microorganisms.

Referring to the drawings, a light-transmitting window 64 is also opened on the side of the contamination collecting box 6, and a light-transmitting sealing plate 641 is installed in the light-transmitting window 64. The light-transmitting sealing plate 641 is made of glass, so the drawing is not shown. At this time, the light entering the dirt collecting box 6 can pass through the light-transmitting sealing plate 641 to be used as basement lighting.

In a large underground building, due to the large length of the ventilation pipes 2, if only relying on the ventilation pipe column 4 (ventilation shaft 1) for ventilation, even if the number of them is increased, the ventilation effect is relatively poor, and the ventilation needs to be carried out in the later stage. An electric fan is added to the pipeline 2 as an auxiliary. In order to reduce the consumption of the electric fan, or to enhance the use effect of the present invention, referring to FIG. 2 and FIG. 5 , the present invention also includes several secondary ventilation ducts 7. The secondary ventilation ducts 7 are vertically cast above the underground building, which The lower end is connected to the interior of the underground building, and the upper end extends upwards out of the surface.

Referring to FIG. 2 , a matching vent shutter is installed at the lower port of the secondary ventilation duct 7 , and an end cap 71 is attached to the port at the upper end extending out of the ground. A rotating shaft 81 is installed vertically at the midpoint of the end cover 71 through a bearing. The rotating shaft 81 is rotatably connected to the end cover 71 , the upper end of which is mounted with a wind wheel 82 , and the lower end is coaxially fixedly connected to the end cover 71 with a fan blade 83 . The structure of the wind wheel 82 is similar to that of an anemometer, and is composed of a transverse connecting rod and a hemispherical wind cup at the end.

At this time, if the wind blows, it drives the wind wheel 82 to rotate. After the wind wheel 82 rotates, it drives the fan blade 83 to rotate synchronously through the rotating shaft 81 to supply or exhaust air to the lower end of the secondary ventilation duct 7 .

Referring to FIG. 2 , the side wall of the secondary ventilation duct 7 is provided with a secondary tuyere 72 in its inner cavity and the outside, so as to ensure that the air can form convection to achieve ventilation. A deflector 73 is fixed laterally in the secondary air outlet 72 , the deflector 73 has an inclined surface, and the lower portion thereof is inclined toward the side of the secondary ventilation duct 7 and extends outward.

At this time, if rainwater falls towards the secondary air outlet 72, it first falls on the deflector 73, then moves along the deflector 73 under the action of gravity, and slides down to the side of the secondary ventilation duct 7, thereby ensuring the use of Effect.

In the construction of the present invention, BIM can be applied to reduce the probability of problems such as engineering errors, and the steps are as follows:

Step 1. Determine the design plan according to the project requirements and design concept, and initially draw the two-dimensional drawings of the ventilation system;

Step 2: Combine the two-dimensional drawings with the two-dimensional general drawing of the underground building to conduct comprehensive factor and data analysis to obtain the optimal modification plan, and modify the preliminary two-dimensional drawings of the ventilation system according to the optimal plan; comprehensive factors include fire protection , mechanical and electrical requirements and project cost, etc.; the optimal solution is the solution that best meets the project requirements, yet has a low cost and can meet fire protection requirements, etc.;

Step 3, establishing a general model of the underground building according to the two-dimensional general drawing through a computer equipped with BIM, which includes establishing a model of the ventilation system according to the preliminary two-dimensional drawing;

Step 4. Perform collision detection through BIM to check whether there is any interference between the ventilation system model and the pipes and beams of the underground building, and modify the ventilation system model; REVIT can be used for collision detection;

Step 5. Perform virtual reality simulation by synchronizing the model in step 4 with the computer installed with FUZOR, check the model from multiple angles to find out the unreasonable position and modify the construction detail drawing;

Step 6. Instruct the construction personnel to build the ventilation system according to the construction details.

To sum up, since the present invention mainly adopts non-electromechanical structure for ventilation, energy consumption and maintenance cost are relatively low.

The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and all technical solutions under the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, some improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. The utility model provides an underground ventilation system, includes ventilating shaft (1) and a plurality of ventilating duct (2), ventilating duct (2) set up in secret building, and one end communicates in ventilating shaft (1), and the other end communicates the inside of secret building, its characterized in that: the ventilating device is characterized by further comprising a plurality of exhaust pipelines (3), one ends of the exhaust pipelines (3) are communicated with the interior of an underground building, the other ends of the exhaust pipelines extend upwards to the ground surface, unpowered hoods (31) are fixedly connected to the upper ends of the exhaust pipelines, an air inducing pipe column (4) communicated with the ventilating shaft (1) is arranged on the ground surface, air ports (41) communicated with the inner cavity of the air inducing pipe column and the outside are formed in the side wall of the air inducing pipe column (4), a plurality of air inducing plates (42) are transversely arranged in the air ports (41), the air inducing plates (42) are vertically arranged and are obliquely arranged, and the lower portions of the air inducing plates (42) are obliquely arranged towards the interior; the ventilating shaft (1) vertically extends downwards, the lower end of the ventilating shaft is transversely provided with a connecting pipe body (5), the connecting pipe body (5) is communicated with the ventilating shaft (1) and the ventilating pipeline (2), a sewage draining outlet (51) is formed in the connecting pipe body (5) under the ventilating shaft (1), a sewage collecting box body (6) is arranged on the lower portion of the connecting pipe body (5), and the sewage collecting box body (6) is located under the sewage draining outlet (51) and communicated with the connecting pipe body (5); the sewage collecting box body (6) is communicated with a drainage pipeline (61), and the other end of the drainage pipeline (61) is communicated with an underground drainage system; a fitted partition plate (62) is transversely arranged in the sewage collection box body (6), the partition plate (62) is positioned above the drainage pipeline (61), and a plurality of through holes (621) are formed in the thickness direction; the upper part of the induced draft tubular column (4) is of an open structure, a light-transmitting top (43) is arranged in an upper opening, a plurality of light-transmitting windows (64) are formed in the side wall of the sewage collection box body (6), and light-transmitting sealing plates (641) matched with each other are arranged in the light-transmitting windows (64).

2. An underground ventilation system according to claim 1, wherein: the outside side opening (63) of intercommunication is seted up to the lateral wall of collection dirty box (6), side opening (63) lid closes and is connected with apron (631) that agree with, just the lower border of side opening (63) is located the top of drainage pipe (61) intercommunication collection dirty box's (6) one end.

3. An underground ventilation system according to claim 1, wherein: still include a plurality of secondary air pipe (7), in secondary air pipe (7) lower extreme intercommunication underground building, the earth's surface upwards extends to the upper end, end cover (71) have been closed to the upper end flap of secondary air pipe (7), the last vertical pivot (81) that is provided with of end cover (71), pivot (81) upper end is provided with wind wheel (82), and the lower extreme extends to in secondary air pipe (7), and the lower extreme is fixed with flabellum (83), a plurality of intercommunication inner chambers and external secondary wind gap (72) have been seted up to secondary air pipe (7) lateral wall.

4. An underground ventilation system according to claim 3, wherein: a plurality of guide plates (73) are arranged in the secondary air opening (72), the guide plates (73) are vertically arranged and obliquely arranged, and the lower parts of the guide plates (73) are obliquely arranged towards the side surface of the secondary ventilation pipeline (7) and extend out of the side surface.

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