CN109482262B

CN109482262B - Broken recovery unit of building materials waste material

Info

Publication number: CN109482262B
Application number: CN201811361641.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李金刚
Original assignee: Guiyang Huaxi Jinhe Environmental Protection Building Material Co ltd
Current assignee: CHANGSHU SHOUYU MACHINERY Co.,Ltd.
Priority date: 2018-11-15
Filing date: 2018-11-15
Publication date: 2021-01-05
Anticipated expiration: 2038-11-15
Also published as: CN109482262A

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of building material recovery, and particularly discloses a building material waste crushing and recovering device which comprises a crushing barrel, a separating barrel and a driving mechanism, wherein a separating channel is formed between the separating barrel and the crushing barrel, a throat part is formed in the middle of the separating barrel, the upper part of the separating channel is an inlet section, and the lower end of the separating channel is a diffusion section; a partition plate is arranged in the middle of the crushing barrel, a material leaking hole is formed in the partition plate, a crushing cavity is formed in the space above the partition plate, a discharging cavity is formed below the partition plate, a crushing hammer is arranged in the crushing cavity, a push rod is fixed on the crushing hammer, and the driving mechanism can drive the crushing hammer to slide in a reciprocating mode; the inlet section is internally provided with fan blades, the upper end of the crushing barrel is rotatably connected with a rotary table, the rotary table is connected with the fan blades through a one-way bearing, a push rod penetrates through the rotary table, and the rotary table is driven to rotate in a reciprocating manner when the push rod moves in a reciprocating manner; the side wall of the discharging cavity is provided with a material sucking hole which is communicated with the discharging cavity and the throat part. When the crushed bricks enter the discharging cavity through the material leaking holes, the sand and stone particles are separated from the cement dust.

Description

Broken recovery unit of building materials waste material

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of building material recovery, in particular to a building material waste crushing and recovering device.

Background

Bricks and tiles in the construction waste can be cleaned and reused, the waste bricks, tiles and concrete are crushed, screened, graded and cleaned by a construction waste treatment production line and then used as recycled aggregate to prepare low-grade recycled aggregate concrete for production of foundation reinforcement, road engineering cushion layers, indoor floor and floor cushion layers, non-bearing concrete hollow blocks, concrete hollow partition boards, autoclaved fly ash bricks and the like, and waste wood in the construction is reused as a template and construction materials, and is processed into chips by a wood crusher to be used as a paper-making raw material or a fuel or used for manufacturing medium-density fiberboards; the hammer crusher mainly crushes materials by impact; the material is crushed by the collision surface of the hammer body rotating at high speed and the material, and the material crusher has the characteristics of simple structure, large crushing ratio, high production efficiency and the like, and can crush in a dry mode and a wet mode.

At present, aiming at the crushing of waste bricks, because the waste bricks are mainly prepared by mixing sand stones and cement, the solidified cement can be easily crushed into powder, and the sand stones can keep the original shapes, so the sand stones can be recycled. At the moment, the powdery cement has no solidification effect any more, and is mixed with the sand, so that the coagulation of the sand is not facilitated, and the quality of the regenerated brick is influenced. Therefore, when the sand of the waste brick is recycled, the sand and cement powder need to be separated so as to improve the quality of the regenerated brick.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a building material waste crushing and recycling device for separating gravel and cement dust of crushed bricks.

The building material waste material crushing and recycling device comprises a crushing barrel, a separating barrel and a driving mechanism, wherein the separating barrel is sleeved on the periphery of the crushing barrel, a separating channel is formed between the separating barrel and the crushing barrel, the middle part of the separating barrel protrudes inwards to form a throat part in the middle of the separating channel, the upper part of the separating channel is an inlet section, and the lower end of the separating channel is a diffusion section; a partition plate is arranged in the middle of the crushing barrel, a material leaking hole is formed in the partition plate, a crushing cavity is formed in the space above the partition plate in the crushing barrel, a material discharging cavity is formed in the space below the partition plate in the crushing barrel, a crushing hammer capable of axially sliding along the crushing cavity is arranged in the crushing cavity, a push rod is fixed on the crushing hammer, and the driving mechanism can drive the crushing hammer to slide in the crushing cavity in a reciprocating mode through the push rod; the inlet section is internally provided with fan blades, the upper end of the crushing barrel is rotatably connected with a rotary table, the rotary table is connected with the fan blades through a one-way bearing, the push rod penetrates through the rotary table, a spiral rib and a spiral groove which are matched with each other are arranged between the push rod and the rotary table, and the push rod drives the rotary table to rotate in a reciprocating manner when the push rod moves in a reciprocating manner; and the side wall of the discharging cavity is provided with a material sucking hole which is communicated with the discharging cavity and the throat part.

The principle and the effect of the scheme are as follows:

(1) putting a brick to be crushed into the crushing cavity, positioning the brick between the crushing hammer and the partition plate, driving the crushing hammer to reciprocate through the driving mechanism, and enabling the crushing hammer to impact the brick so as to crush the brick; when the bricks are crushed into small enough particles, the particles enter the discharge cavity through the leakage holes.

(2) In the process that the driving mechanism drives the breaking hammer to reciprocate, the rotary table rotates in a reciprocating way under the action of the mutually meshed spiral ribs and spiral grooves between the push rod and the rotary table; when the rotary table rotates forwards, the one-way bearing is meshed, the rotary table drives the fan blades to rotate forwards through the one-way bearing, and when the rotary table rotates backwards, the one-way bearing is disengaged, and the fan blades continue to rotate forwards under the action of inertia. When the fan blades rotate, downward flowing air flow is formed in the separation channel, when the air flow passes through the throat part, the throat part has a compression effect on the air flow due to the fact that the cross section area of the throat part is smaller, the flow speed of the air flow flowing through the throat part is accelerated, and the pressure at the throat part is reduced. When the crushed bricks enter the discharging cavity through the material leaking holes, fine dust is sucked into the throat part through the material sucking holes by the throat part and is finally discharged from the diffusion section, so that the separation of sand and stone particles and cement dust is realized.

The first preferred scheme is as follows: as a further optimization of the basic scheme, a plurality of first bulges are arranged on the lower surface of the breaking hammer; set up first arch and can reduce the effect area of quartering hammer effect on the fragment of brick to more be favorable to carrying out the breakage to the fragment of brick.

The preferred scheme II is as follows: as a further optimization of the first preferred scheme, a plurality of second protrusions are arranged on the upper surface of the partition plate; the second protrusion is arranged, so that the first protrusion and the second protrusion are matched, and the brick is more favorably crushed.

The preferable scheme is three: as a further optimization of the second preferred scheme, the partition plate is rotatably connected to the side wall of the crushing barrel, a pull rod penetrating through the partition plate is fixed at the lower end of the crushing hammer, and a spiral convex rib and a spiral groove which are matched with each other are arranged between the partition plate and the pull rod. In the process that the breaking hammer impacts the bricks in a vertical reciprocating mode, the breaking hammer drives the pull rod to move in a reciprocating mode relative to the partition plate, and therefore the partition plate rotates in a reciprocating mode under the effect of the spiral groove and the spiral rib which are matched with each other between the pull rod and the partition plate. The baffle reciprocating motion and the cooperation baffle upper surface the second protruding, then the baffle will have the stirring effect to the fragment of brick granule after the breakage to be convenient for the granule through leaking the material hole and get into row material intracavity.

The preferable scheme is four: as a further optimization of the third preferred scheme, the driving mechanism comprises a motor, a crank and a connecting rod, the crank is fixed on an output shaft of the motor, one end of the connecting rod is connected with the crank, the other end of the connecting rod is hinged with the upper end of the push rod, and the crank, the connecting rod and the breaking hammer form a crank-slider mechanism. The crank-slider mechanism is used as a driving mechanism, so that the breaking hammer can rapidly reciprocate, and the breaking efficiency can be improved; in addition, the rotating speed of the fan blades can be increased, so that the air flow speed in the separation channel is increased, and dust separation is facilitated.

The preferable scheme is five: as a further optimization of the preferable scheme four, the diffusion section of the separation channel is communicated with the cyclone separator; after the dust is sucked into the throat part, the dust is discharged from the diffusion section along with the air flow, so that the dust is easy to raise when being discharged; therefore, the cyclone separator is connected, airflow and dust can be separated, and accordingly flying dust is reduced, and the maintenance of the working environment is facilitated.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The following is further detailed by way of specific embodiments:

reference numerals in the drawings of the specification include: the crushing cylinder 10, the partition plate 11, the crushing cavity 12, the discharge cavity 13, the leakage hole 111, the second protrusion 112, the suction hole 131, the separating cylinder 20, the inlet section 21, the throat 22, the diffusion section 23, the crushing hammer 30, the push rod 31, the pull rod 32, the first protrusion 33, the connecting rod 34, the feeding groove 40, the fan blades 50, the one-way bearing 51 and the turntable 52.

The embodiment is basically as shown in the attached figure 1:

the building material waste crushing and recycling device comprises a crushing cylinder 10, a separating cylinder 20 and a driving mechanism, wherein the separating cylinder 20 is sleeved on the periphery of the crushing cylinder 10, a separating channel is formed between the separating cylinder 20 and the crushing cylinder 10, and the separating cylinder 20 is fixed with the crushing cylinder 10 through spokes; the middle part of the separation cylinder 20 protrudes inwards to contract the cross section of the middle part of the separation channel, so that the middle part of the separation cylinder 20 forms a throat part 22, the upper part of the separation channel is an inlet section 21, and the lower end of the separation channel is a diffusion section 23; that is, the separation channel forms a venturi structure, when the separation channel has airflow flowing from top to bottom, and the airflow flows through the throat 22, the throat 22 will have a compression effect on the airflow due to the smaller cross-sectional area of the throat 22, which will result in an increased flow velocity of the airflow passing through the throat 22, and thus a reduced pressure at the throat 22.

The middle part of the crushing barrel 10 is provided with a partition plate 11, and the partition plate 11 is rotatably connected with the side wall of the crushing barrel 10, so that the partition plate 11 can only rotate along the axial direction of the crushing barrel 10 and can not slide relative to the crushing barrel 10. A crushing cavity 12 is arranged above the partition plate 11, and a discharging cavity 13 is arranged below the partition plate 11; a breaking hammer 30 is arranged in the breaking cavity 12, the breaking hammer 30 can slide in a reciprocating manner along the axial direction of the breaking barrel 10, a guide groove is formed in the side wall of the breaking cavity 12, and a guide convex edge embedded into the guide groove is formed in the breaking hammer 30, so that the breaking hammer 30 can only slide along the axial direction of the breaking cavity 12; the side wall of the crushing cavity 12 is provided with a feeding hole and a guide chute communicated with the feeding hole, and the guide chute extends out of the separating cylinder 20 so as to feed materials into the crushing cavity 12. When the breaking hammer 30 is at the highest position, waste bricks can be thrown into the breaking cavity 12 through the feeding hole, and the bricks are positioned between the breaking hammer 30 and the partition plate 11; when the breaking hammer 30 moves downward, the breaking hammer 30 will impact the waste bricks to break the bricks. In order to enhance the crushing effect on waste bricks, the lower surface of the breaking hammer 30 is provided with the first protrusion 33, and the upper surface of the partition plate 11 is provided with the second protrusion 112, so that in the process that the breaking hammer 30 and the partition plate 11 extrude the bricks, the contact area between the breaking hammer 30 and the partition plate 11 and the bricks can be reduced by the first protrusion 33 and the second protrusion 112, and the bricks can be crushed more favorably. The partition 11 is provided with a material leaking hole 111, and when the bricks are crushed into small enough particles, the particles can enter the discharging cavity 13 through the material leaking hole 111. A pull rod 32 is fixed at the bottom of the breaking hammer 30, the pull rod 32 penetrates through the partition plate 11, a spiral rib and a spiral groove which are matched with each other are arranged between the pull rod 32 and the partition plate 11, the sections of the spiral rib and the spiral groove are rectangular, and the spiral angle of the spiral groove and the spiral rib is 55 degrees, so that the spiral groove and the spiral rib which are matched with each other do not have self-locking performance; therefore, when the pull rod 32 reciprocates relative to the partition 11, the partition 11 will rotate reciprocally under the pressing action of the mutually matched spiral groove and spiral rib, so that the partition 11 and the second protrusion 112 on the upper surface thereof will have a stirring effect on the crushed bricks, thereby facilitating the particles to enter the discharge chamber 13 through the discharge hole 111.

The driving mechanism comprises a motor, a crank and a connecting rod 34, a push rod 31 is fixed at the upper end of the breaking hammer 30, the crank is fixed on an output shaft of the motor, and two ends of the connecting rod 34 are respectively hinged with the crank and the upper end of the push rod 31, so that the crank, the connecting rod 34 and the breaking hammer 30 form a crank-slider mechanism; so that the breaking hammer 30 will slide back and forth in relation to the axial direction of the breaking cylinder 10 during the rotation of the crank by the motor. In addition, the driving mechanism may also adopt a linear motor or a cylinder to drive the breaking hammer 30 to slide back and forth.

The inlet section 21 of the separation channel is internally provided with fan blades 50, the top end of the crushing barrel 10 is rotatably connected with a rotary table 52, and the rotary table 52 is connected with the fan blades 50 through a one-way bearing 51; when the rotating disc 52 rotates forward, the one-way bearing 51 is engaged, so that the rotating disc 52 drives the fan blades 50 to rotate forward, and when the rotating disc 52 rotates backward, the one-way bearing 51 is disengaged, and at this time, the rotating disc 52 cannot provide torque force to the fan blades 50 any more, so that the fan blades 50 continue to rotate forward under the action of inertia. The push rod 31 fixed at the upper end of the breaking hammer 30 penetrates through the rotary disc 52, and a spiral groove and a spiral rib which are meshed with each other are arranged between the rotary disc 52 and the push rod 31, the cross section of the spiral groove and the section of the spiral rib are rectangular, and the spiral angle of the spiral rib is 55 degrees, so that the self-locking performance of the push rod is avoided; therefore, during the reciprocating motion of the push rod 31 relative to the rotating disc 52, the push rod 31 will drive the rotating disc 52 to rotate reciprocally, so as to provide power to the fan blades 50 to drive the fan blades 50 to rotate.

When the fan blades 50 rotate, air flow can be formed in the separation channel; the side wall of the discharging cavity 13 is provided with a material sucking hole 131, and the material sucking hole 131 is communicated with the discharging cavity 13 and the throat 22. Since the pressure at the throat 22 is lower when the separation channel forms the airflow, the dust mixed in the crushed brick particles will be sucked into the throat 22 during the process that the crushed brick particles enter the discharge chamber 13 through the leakage holes 111. In addition, the diffuser section 23 of the separation channel is connected with the cyclone separator, so that the dust sucked into the throat 22 finally enters the cyclone separator from the diffuser section 23, the airflow and the dust are separated, and the dust is prevented from forming in the working space.

The specific implementation process is as follows:

during specific work, the breaking hammer 30 is driven to the highest point (namely, the top dead center), and then bricks to be broken are put into the breaking cavity 12 through the feeding hole; and the motor is started to drive the breaking hammer 30 to reciprocate up and down, so that the breaking hammer 30 impacts the brick to be broken to break the brick. During the reciprocating motion of the breaking hammer 30, the pull rod 32 and the push rod 31 will reciprocate relative to the partition 11 and the rotary disc 52 respectively, and when the pull rod 32 reciprocates relative to the partition 11, the pull rod 32 will drive the partition 11 to rotate in a reciprocating manner, so that the partition 11 will stir the brick particles, and the particles can enter the discharge cavity 13 through the material leakage holes 111. When the push rod 31 moves up and down relative to the rotating disc 52, the push rod 31 drives the rotating disc 52 to rotate back and forth, and under the action of the one-way bearing 51, the rotating disc 52 drives the fan blades 50 to rotate in one direction, so that the fan blades 50 drive the air in the separation channel to flow, and further airflow is formed in the separation channel; therefore, during the process that the crushed brick particles enter the discharging cavity 13 through the material leakage holes 111, the dust will be sucked to the throat part 22, thereby completing the separation of the particles and the dust.

Since the waste bricks are usually composed of sand and cement, when the bricks are crushed, the solidified cement can be easily crushed into powder, and the sand can easily retain the original shape, so that the sand can be recycled. At the moment, the powdery cement does not have the solidification function any more, and the powdery cement is mixed with the sand and stone, so that the quality of the regenerated brick is influenced; therefore, when the brick is crushed by the device, the finally obtained sand and cement powder are separated, and the sand is convenient to recycle.

The foregoing is merely an example of the present invention and common general knowledge of known specific structures and features of the embodiments is not described herein in any greater detail. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several changes and modifications can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicability of the patent. The scope of the claims of the present application shall be determined by the contents of the claims, and the description of the embodiments and the like in the specification shall be used to explain the contents of the claims.

Claims

1. Broken recovery unit of building materials waste material, its characterized in that: the device comprises a crushing barrel, a separating barrel and a driving mechanism, wherein the separating barrel is sleeved on the periphery of the crushing barrel, a separating channel is formed between the separating barrel and the crushing barrel, the middle part of the separating barrel protrudes inwards to form a throat part in the middle of the separating channel, the upper part of the separating channel is an inlet section, and the lower end of the separating channel is a diffusion section; a partition plate is arranged in the middle of the crushing barrel, a material leaking hole is formed in the partition plate, a crushing cavity is formed in the space above the partition plate in the crushing barrel, a material discharging cavity is formed in the space below the partition plate in the crushing barrel, a crushing hammer capable of axially sliding along the crushing cavity is arranged in the crushing cavity, a push rod is fixed on the crushing hammer, and the driving mechanism can drive the crushing hammer to slide in the crushing cavity in a reciprocating mode through the push rod; the inlet section is internally provided with fan blades, the upper end of the crushing barrel is rotatably connected with a rotary table, the rotary table is connected with the fan blades through a one-way bearing, the push rod penetrates through the rotary table, a spiral rib and a spiral groove which are matched with each other are arranged between the push rod and the rotary table, and the push rod drives the rotary table to rotate in a reciprocating manner when the push rod moves in a reciprocating manner; and the side wall of the discharging cavity is provided with a material sucking hole which is communicated with the discharging cavity and the throat part.

2. The apparatus for crushing and recovering waste building materials according to claim 1, wherein: the lower surface of the breaking hammer is provided with a plurality of first bulges.

3. The apparatus for crushing and recovering waste building materials according to claim 2, wherein: the upper surface of the partition board is provided with a plurality of second bulges.

4. The apparatus for crushing and recovering waste building materials according to claim 3, wherein: the baffle rotates to be connected on the lateral wall of a crushing section of thick bamboo, and the lower extreme of quartering hammer is fixed with the pull rod that runs through the baffle, is equipped with screw bead and spiral groove mutually supporting between baffle and the pull rod.

5. The apparatus for crushing and recovering waste building materials according to claim 4, wherein: the driving mechanism comprises a motor, a crank and a connecting rod, the crank is fixed on an output shaft of the motor, one end of the connecting rod is hinged with the crank, the other end of the connecting rod is hinged with the upper end of the push rod, and the crank, the connecting rod and the breaking hammer form a crank sliding block mechanism.

6. The apparatus for crushing and recovering waste building materials according to claim 5, wherein: the diffusion section of the separation channel is communicated with the cyclone separator.