CN109479778B - Method for evaluating anti-stress capability of young penaeus vannamei boone - Google Patents
Method for evaluating anti-stress capability of young penaeus vannamei boone Download PDFInfo
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- CN109479778B CN109479778B CN201811498610.3A CN201811498610A CN109479778B CN 109479778 B CN109479778 B CN 109479778B CN 201811498610 A CN201811498610 A CN 201811498610A CN 109479778 B CN109479778 B CN 109479778B
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- 230000002180 anti-stress Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 241000238553 Litopenaeus vannamei Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 claims abstract description 145
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- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 241000530454 Litopenaeus schmitti Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 208000002173 Dizziness Diseases 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001502 supplementation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 5
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- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002372 labelling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention relates to an evaluation method, in particular to an evaluation method of the anti-stress capability of young penaeus vannamei boone, which comprises the steps of detecting a water body from the young penaeus vannamei boone, recording the culture days of the young penaeus vannamei boone, adjusting the water quality for testing, testing the anti-stress survival rate of the young penaeus vannamei boone by PL5, and calculating the anti-stress survival rate of the young penaeus vannamei boone by PL 5; testing the anti-stress survival rate of the PL10 shrimp larvae, and calculating the anti-stress survival rate of the PL10 shrimp larvae; the method reflects the quality difference of the fries by measuring and calculating the survival rate of the fries through the salinity difference of the water body, objectively reflects the strength of the anti-stress capability of the penaeus vannamei boone fries, provides powerful basis for selecting the quality of the fries, also provides powerful data basis for the adaptability and the later disease resistance of the changed culture conditions, and provides powerful basis for farmers to select the fries.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an evaluation method, in particular to an evaluation method of stress resistance of young penaeus vannamei boone.
Background
The penaeus vannamei, a scientific name of litopenaeus vannamei, is a hotspot of the current culture because of the advantages of fast growth, strong disease resistance, moderate temperature, moderate salt, wide range and the like. The domestic seedling culture currently exceeds 6000 hundred million tails, and the variety is various; wherein, the first generation seedlings imported from abroad take the main advantages; the second generation seedlings and the multi-generation seedlings in China also have certain characteristics.
Along with increasingly severe domestic culture environment, the quality of the seedlings is increasingly distinguished, and because the quality characteristics of the seedlings are different, how to select the seedlings becomes the primary problem of farmers. The method has the outstanding characteristics that the strength of the anti-stress capability is directly related to the disease resistance, but farmers often rely on visual observation when selecting the seedlings, the visual observation only reflects the size and body color of the seedlings, and the actual disease resistance of the seedlings cannot be known. Therefore, a method for effectively testing and evaluating the anti-stress capability of the young penaeus vannamei boone is urgently needed at present, so that farmers can effectively judge the quality of the young penaeus vannamei boone.
The culture range of the penaeus vannamei boone is popular all over the country, but the water quality of all the regions is greatly different, the seedling culture water body is gradually desalted, and the salinity stress directly tests the adaptability of the fries and is used as an important index for judging the anti-stress capability of the fries.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for evaluating the anti-stress capability of the young penaeus vannamei boone, which directly distinguishes the quality grade of the young penaeus vannamei boone by evaluating the anti-stress capability of the young penaeus vannamei boone.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for evaluating the anti-stress capability of young penaeus vannamei boone is characterized by comprising the following steps: the evaluation method comprises the following steps:
step A: detecting the water body from the shrimp larvae, wherein the detected indexes comprise salinity, water temperature and dissolved oxygen;
and B: recording the culture days of the shrimp seeds, wherein the culture days of the PL5 shrimp seeds are 14-15 days, and the culture days of the PL10 shrimp seeds are 19-20 days;
and C: adjusting the water quality for testing, wherein the water quality is transparent and sterile, the stress water quality of the PL5 shrimp larvae is salinity of 15ppt, the salinity difference is greater than 7ppt, the total alkalinity is 150-180mg/L, the water temperature is 29-30 ℃, and the dissolved oxygen is greater than 5 mg/L; the stress water salinity of PL10 shrimp larvae is 0ppt and 30ppt, the total alkalinity is 150-;
step D: testing the anti-stress survival rate of the PL5 shrimp larvae, preparing a plastic white tank with the capacity of 1L, wherein the caliber of the tank is 10cm, the height of the tank is 13cm, adding 1L of prepared test water for the PL5 shrimp larvae, putting 100 healthy PL5 shrimp larvae into the stress water, rotating the water body clockwise to enable the shrimp larvae to be uniformly distributed, carefully checking whether the middle of a water vortex has sunk shrimp larvae or dizzy shrimp larvae, clamping out the dead shrimp larvae or the white shrimp larvae by using tweezers if the dead shrimp larvae or the white shrimp larvae exist, and supplementing a corresponding number of healthy shrimp larvae; slightly placing a cover on the plastic white tank to prevent the shrimp seeds from jumping out, reserving a certain gap which is not sealed, opening the cover after timing for 1h, placing the shrimp seeds stuck on the cover back into the water, rotating the water body clockwise, waiting for the stable water flow, depositing the shrimp seeds which die without stress resistance in the center of the bottom, and counting the dead number of the shrimp seeds at the bottom;
step E: calculating the anti-stress survival rate of the PL5 shrimp larvae; the calculation formula is as follows: PL5 shrimp larvae anti-stress survival rate is (100-death number)/100 x 100%;
step F: testing the anti-stress survival rate of the shrimp larvae with PL10, preparing two plastic white tanks with the capacity of 1L, wherein the diameter of each tank is 10cm, the height of each tank is 13cm, the salinity of the water body of the first tank is 0ppt, the salinity of the water body of the pure fresh water is 30ppt, the water quality is ensured to be clean, and other indexes are the same as those in the step C; putting 100 healthy PL10 shrimp seeds into a first tank, rotating a water body clockwise to enable the shrimp seeds to be uniformly distributed, carefully checking whether the middle of a water vortex has the shrimp seeds with sunk bottoms or dizzy, clamping out the shrimp seeds by using tweezers if dead shrimp seeds or white shrimp seeds exist, supplementing a corresponding number of healthy shrimp seeds, and timing for 30 minutes; transferring all shrimp seeds to a second tank through a fishing net after 30 minutes, rotating the water body clockwise to enable the shrimp seeds to be uniformly distributed, carefully checking whether the shrimp seeds are sunk or dizzy in the center of the water vortex, clamping out the shrimp seeds by using tweezers if dead or white shrimp seeds exist, supplementing a corresponding number of healthy shrimp seeds, and covering a cover for timing for 30 minutes; opening the cover after 30 minutes, putting the shrimp seeds stuck on the cover back into the water, rotating the water body clockwise, after the water flow is stable, depositing the shrimp seeds which die in a stress intolerance way in the center of the bottom, and counting the death number of the shrimp seeds at the bottom;
step G: calculating the anti-stress survival rate of the PL10 shrimp larvae; the calculation formula is as follows: PL10 shrimp larvae anti-stress survival rate is (100-death number)/100 x 100%;
step H: evaluation criteria: the survival rate of the high-quality PL5 shrimp larvae is over 90 percent, and the survival rate of the high-quality PL10 shrimp larvae is over 85 percent.
Further, the normal range of the detected indexes in the step A is salinity of 15-30ppt, water temperature of 29-30 ℃ and dissolved oxygen of 5-8 mg/L;
further, the temperature difference of the water temperature of the PL5 shrimp larvae in the step C is +/-1 ℃, and the temperature difference of the water temperature of the PL10 shrimp larvae is +/-1 ℃.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method reflects the quality difference of the fries by measuring and calculating the survival rate of the fries through the salinity difference of the water body, objectively reflects the strength of the anti-stress capability of the penaeus vannamei boone fries, provides powerful basis for selecting the quality of the fries, also provides powerful data basis for the adaptability and the later disease resistance of the changed culture conditions, and provides powerful basis for farmers to select the fries.
Detailed Description
The following further illustrates embodiments of the invention:
example 1:
a method for evaluating the stress resistance of young penaeus vannamei boone comprises the following steps:
1) detecting the water body from the shrimp larvae, wherein the detected indexes comprise salinity, water temperature and dissolved oxygen;
2) recording the culture days of the shrimp seeds, wherein the culture days of the PL5 shrimp seeds are 14-15 days, and the culture days of the PL10 shrimp seeds are 19-20 days;
3) adjusting the water quality for testing, wherein the water quality is transparent and sterile, the stress water quality of the PL5 shrimp larvae is salinity of 15ppt, the salinity difference is greater than 7ppt, the total alkalinity is 150-180mg/L, the water temperature is 29-30 ℃, and the dissolved oxygen is greater than 5 mg/L; the stress water salinity of PL10 shrimp larvae is 0ppt and 30ppt, the total alkalinity is 150-;
4) testing the anti-stress survival rate of the PL5 shrimp larvae, preparing a plastic white tank with the capacity of 1L, wherein the caliber of the tank is 10cm, the height of the tank is 13cm, adding 1L of prepared test water for the PL5 shrimp larvae, putting 100 healthy PL5 shrimp larvae into the stress water, rotating the water body clockwise to enable the shrimp larvae to be uniformly distributed, carefully checking whether the middle of a water vortex has sunk shrimp larvae or dizzy shrimp larvae, clamping out the dead shrimp larvae or the white shrimp larvae by using tweezers if the dead shrimp larvae or the white shrimp larvae exist, and supplementing a corresponding number of healthy shrimp larvae; slightly placing a cover on the plastic white tank to prevent the shrimp seeds from jumping out, reserving a certain gap which is not sealed, opening the cover after timing for 1h, placing the shrimp seeds stuck on the cover back into the water, rotating the water body clockwise, waiting for the stable water flow, depositing the shrimp seeds which die without stress resistance in the center of the bottom, and counting the dead number of the shrimp seeds at the bottom;
5) calculating the anti-stress survival rate of the PL5 shrimp larvae; the calculation formula is as follows: PL5 shrimp larvae anti-stress survival rate is (100-death number)/100 x 100%;
6) testing the anti-stress survival rate of the shrimp larvae with PL10, preparing two plastic white tanks with the capacity of 1L, wherein the diameter of each tank is 10cm, the height of each tank is 13cm, the salinity of the water body of the first tank is 0ppt, the salinity of the water body of the pure fresh water is 30ppt, the water quality is ensured to be clean, and other indexes are the same as those in the step C; putting 100 healthy PL10 shrimp seeds into a first tank, rotating a water body clockwise to enable the shrimp seeds to be uniformly distributed, carefully checking whether the middle of a water vortex has the shrimp seeds with sunk bottoms or dizzy, clamping out the shrimp seeds by using tweezers if dead shrimp seeds or white shrimp seeds exist, supplementing a corresponding number of healthy shrimp seeds, and timing for 30 minutes; transferring all shrimp seeds to a second tank through a fishing net after 30 minutes, rotating the water body clockwise to enable the shrimp seeds to be uniformly distributed, carefully checking whether the shrimp seeds are sunk or dizzy in the center of the water vortex, clamping out the shrimp seeds by using tweezers if dead or white shrimp seeds exist, supplementing a corresponding number of healthy shrimp seeds, and covering a cover for timing for 30 minutes; opening the cover after 30 minutes, putting the shrimp seeds stuck on the cover back into the water, rotating the water body clockwise, after the water flow is stable, depositing the shrimp seeds which die in a stress intolerance way in the center of the bottom, and counting the death number of the shrimp seeds at the bottom;
7) calculating the anti-stress survival rate of the PL10 shrimp larvae; the calculation formula is as follows: PL10 shrimp larvae anti-stress survival rate is (100-death number)/100 x 100%;
8) evaluation criteria: the survival rate of the high-quality PL5 shrimp larvae is over 90 percent, and the survival rate of the high-quality PL10 shrimp larvae is over 85 percent.
Wherein the normal range of the indexes detected in the step A is salinity of 15-30ppt, water temperature of 29-30 ℃ and dissolved oxygen of 5-8 mg/L;
and C, the temperature difference of the water temperature of the PL5 shrimp larvae is +/-1 ℃, and the temperature difference of the water temperature of the PL10 shrimp larvae is +/-1 ℃.
Example 2:
1600 thousands of seedlings are grown in a workshop A of a certain seedling field, 14 days of cultivation are carried out, 8 pools (No. 1-8) are arranged, the water body of each pool is 13T, and 300 and 500 seedlings are taken from each pool and packed.
(1) Determining the fry stage to be P5 shrimp fries according to the 14 days of the culture days;
(2) measuring the temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen of the pond water, wherein the temperature is 30 ℃, the salinity is 30ppt, the dissolved oxygen is 5mg/L, the total alkalinity is 146mg/L, and the water quality data indicates that the water quality environment is normal;
(3) preparing test water in 1L/tank and 8 tanks in total, adjusting the water quality of the test water, wherein the salinity is 15ppt, the temperature is 29.5 ℃, the dissolved oxygen is 6mg/L, and the total alkalinity is 152 mg/L;
(4) labeling each pot with a corresponding label according to the number of the workshop pool, picking 100 shrimp seeds with normal state in each sample, putting the shrimp seeds into the pot with the corresponding label, slightly covering the cover, and starting timing;
(5) after 1h, opening the cover, slightly rotating the water body clockwise by using a glass rod, calculating the number of the dead shrimp fries staying in the stress tank and confirming the death of the shrimp fries when the water flow is gentle, and recording the number one by one to obtain the anti-stress condition of the No. 1-8 pool in the workshop A of the nursery site. The results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1: record of anti-stress conditions of No. 1-8 pools in A workshop of a certain nursery site
| Workshop | Number of pool | Phases | Line of | Time of detection | Salinity of Miao pool ([ permillage ] | Salinity of 15 per mill stress percentage |
| A | 1# | P5 | Fast day and night | 2018.4.28 | 30 | 98％ |
| A | 2# | P5 | Fast day and night | 2018.4.28 | 30 | 99％ |
| A | 3# | P5 | Fast day and night | 2018.4.28 | 30 | 31％ |
| A | 4# | P5 | Fast day and night | 2018.4.28 | 30 | 84％ |
| A | 5# | P5 | Fast day and night | 2018.4.28 | 30 | 52％ |
| A | 6# | P5 | Fast day and night | 2018.4.28 | 30 | 94％ |
| A | 7# | P5 | Fast day and night | 2018.4.29 | 30 | 61％ |
| A | 8# | P5 | Fast day and night | 2018.4.29 | 30 | 96％ |
The results in table 1 show that the stress resistance of the young shrimps is different from 31% to 99% even in the same workshop, and if the young shrimps are only distinguished from senses, the young shrimps are really difficult to distinguish by naked eyes, and the salinity stress method provides an effective reference for selecting the young shrimps.
Example 3:
800 thousands of seedlings are cultured in a workshop B of a certain seedling field, 19 days of culture are carried out, 4 ponds (3-6# pond) are arranged, the water body of each pond is 13T, and 500 seedlings are taken from each pond and packed.
(1) Determining the fry stage as P10 shrimp fry according to 18 days of culture;
(2) measuring the temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen of the pond water, wherein the temperature is 30 ℃, the salinity is 24ppt, the dissolved oxygen is 4.5mg/L, the total alkalinity is 140mg/L, and the water quality data indicates that the water quality environment is normal;
(3) preparing a first group of test water, 1L/tank and 4 tanks in total, wherein the salinity of a water body is 0ppt, the temperature is 29.5 ℃, the dissolved oxygen is 5.8mg/L, and the total alkalinity is 153 mg/L;
(4) labeling each pot with a corresponding label according to the number of the workshop pool, picking 100 shrimp seeds with normal state in each pot, putting the shrimp seeds into the pots with the corresponding labels of the first group, slightly covering the pots with covers, and timing for 30 min;
(5) preparing a second group of test water, 1L/tank and 4 tanks in total, wherein the salinity of the water body is 30ppt, the temperature is 29.5 ℃, the dissolved oxygen is 5.7mg/L, and the total alkalinity is 151 mg/L;
(6) after 30min, transferring 100 seedlings in the step (4) into a second group of test stress tanks, timing for 30min again,
(7) opening the cover after 30min, slightly rotating the water body clockwise by using a glass rod, calculating the number of the shrimps staying in the stress tank and determining death after the water flow is gentle, and recording the number one by one; and obtaining the anti-stress condition of the 3-6# pool in the B workshop of the seedling field. The results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2: record of anti-stress conditions of No. 3-6 ponds in B workshop of certain seedling growing field
| Workshop | Number of pool | Phases | Line of | Time of detection | Salinity of Miao pool ([ permillage ] | Anti-stress survival rate |
| B | 3# | P10 | Fast big | 2018.10.06 | 24 | 70％ |
| B | 4# | P10 | Fast big | 2018.10.06 | 24 | 90％ |
| B | 5# | P10 | Fast big | 2018.10.06 | 24 | 95％ |
| B | 6# | P10 | Fast big | 2018.10.06 | 24 | 93％ |
The results in table 2 also show that the shrimp larvae have different stress resistance even in the same workshop, and if the shrimp larvae are only identified from senses, the shrimp larvae are really difficult to distinguish by naked eyes, and the salinity stress method provides an effective reference for selecting the shrimp larvae quality.
The foregoing embodiments and description have been presented only to illustrate the principles and preferred embodiments of the invention, and various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as hereinafter claimed.
Claims (3)
1. A method for evaluating the anti-stress capability of young penaeus vannamei boone is characterized by comprising the following steps: the evaluation method comprises the following steps:
step A: detecting the water body from the shrimp larvae, wherein the detected indexes comprise salinity, water temperature and dissolved oxygen;
and B: recording the culture days of the shrimp seeds, wherein the culture days of the PL5 shrimp seeds are 14-15 days, and the culture days of the PL10 shrimp seeds are 19-20 days;
and C: adjusting the water quality for testing, wherein the water quality is transparent and sterile, the stress water quality of the PL5 shrimp larvae is salinity of 15ppt, the salinity difference is greater than 7ppt, the total alkalinity is 150-180mg/L, the water temperature is 29-30 ℃, and the dissolved oxygen is greater than 5 mg/L; the stress water salinity of PL10 shrimp larvae is 0ppt and 30ppt, the total alkalinity is 150-;
step D: testing the anti-stress survival rate of the PL5 shrimp larvae, preparing a plastic white tank with the capacity of 1L, wherein the caliber of the tank is 10cm, the height of the tank is 13cm, adding 1L of prepared test water for the PL5 shrimp larvae, putting 100 healthy PL5 shrimp larvae into the stress water, rotating the water body clockwise to enable the shrimp larvae to be uniformly distributed, carefully checking whether the middle of a water vortex has sunk shrimp larvae or dizzy shrimp larvae, clamping out the dead shrimp larvae or the white shrimp larvae by using tweezers if the dead shrimp larvae or the white shrimp larvae exist, and supplementing a corresponding number of healthy shrimp larvae; slightly placing a cover on the plastic white tank to prevent the shrimp seeds from jumping out, reserving a certain gap which is not sealed, opening the cover after timing for 1h, placing the shrimp seeds stuck on the cover back into the water, rotating the water body clockwise, waiting for the stable water flow, depositing the shrimp seeds which die without stress resistance in the center of the bottom, and counting the dead number of the shrimp seeds at the bottom;
step E: calculating the anti-stress survival rate of the PL5 shrimp larvae; the calculation formula is as follows: PL5 shrimp larvae anti-stress survival rate is (100-death number)/100 x 100%;
step F: testing the anti-stress survival rate of the shrimp larvae with PL10, preparing two plastic white tanks with the capacity of 1L, wherein the diameter of each tank is 10cm, the height of each tank is 13cm, the salinity of the water body of the first tank is 0ppt, the salinity of the water body of the pure fresh water is 30ppt, the water quality is ensured to be clean, and other indexes are the same as those in the step C; putting 100 healthy PL10 shrimp seeds into a first tank, rotating a water body clockwise to enable the shrimp seeds to be uniformly distributed, carefully checking whether the middle of a water vortex has the shrimp seeds with sunk bottoms or dizzy, clamping out the shrimp seeds by using tweezers if dead shrimp seeds or white shrimp seeds exist, supplementing a corresponding number of healthy shrimp seeds, and timing for 30 minutes; transferring all shrimp seeds to a second tank through a fishing net after 30 minutes, rotating the water body clockwise to enable the shrimp seeds to be uniformly distributed, carefully checking whether the shrimp seeds are sunk or dizzy in the center of the water vortex, clamping out the shrimp seeds by using tweezers if dead or white shrimp seeds exist, supplementing a corresponding number of healthy shrimp seeds, and covering a cover for timing for 30 minutes; opening the cover after 30 minutes, putting the shrimp seeds stuck on the cover back into the water, rotating the water body clockwise, after the water flow is stable, depositing the shrimp seeds which die in a stress intolerance way in the center of the bottom, and counting the death number of the shrimp seeds at the bottom;
step G: calculating the anti-stress survival rate of the PL10 shrimp larvae; the calculation formula is as follows: PL10 shrimp larvae anti-stress survival rate is (100-death number)/100 x 100%;
step H: evaluation criteria: the survival rate of the high-quality PL5 shrimp larvae is over 90 percent, and the survival rate of the high-quality PL10 shrimp larvae is over 85 percent.
2. The method for evaluating the anti-stress capability of the young penaeus vannamei boone according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the normal range of the indexes detected in the step A is salinity of 15-30ppt, water temperature of 29-30 ℃ and dissolved oxygen of 5-8 mg/L.
3. The method for evaluating the anti-stress capability of the young penaeus vannamei boone according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and C, the temperature difference of the water temperature of the PL5 shrimp larvae is +/-1 ℃, and the temperature difference of the water temperature of the PL10 shrimp larvae is +/-1 ℃.
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| WO2016084982A1 (en) * | 2014-11-27 | 2016-06-02 | Kake Educational Institution | Culturing water for crustacean seed such as shrimp, crab, mantis shrimp and the like, and culture method of crustacean seed using same |
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