CN109475834A - 具有表面活性剂系留的外壳的胶囊和其制备方法 - Google Patents
具有表面活性剂系留的外壳的胶囊和其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109475834A CN109475834A CN201780042274.9A CN201780042274A CN109475834A CN 109475834 A CN109475834 A CN 109475834A CN 201780042274 A CN201780042274 A CN 201780042274A CN 109475834 A CN109475834 A CN 109475834A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- capsule
- shell
- cation
- surfactant
- inorganic shell
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 title claims description 230
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 6
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000003094 microcapsule Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 150000001450 anions Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000012782 phase change material Substances 0.000 claims description 97
- -1 cation anion Chemical group 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 21
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver ion Chemical compound [Ag+] FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium ion Chemical compound [Mg+2] JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910001425 magnesium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N resorcinol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000843 anti-fungal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940121375 antifungal agent Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- XLJKHNWPARRRJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(2+) Chemical compound [Co+2] XLJKHNWPARRRJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde Substances O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical class [H]C(*)=O 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001429 cobalt ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001431 copper ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- ODGAOXROABLFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N polynoxylin Chemical compound O=C.NC(N)=O ODGAOXROABLFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- NNTWKXKLHMTGBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-dihydroxyimidazolidin-2-one Chemical compound OC1NC(=O)NC1O NNTWKXKLHMTGBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NOWKCMXCCJGMRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aziridine Chemical compound C1CN1 NOWKCMXCCJGMRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004466 alkoxycarbonylamino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001718 carbodiimides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QQOWHRYOXYEMTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triazin-4-amine Chemical compound N=C1C=CN=NN1 QQOWHRYOXYEMTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011257 shell material Substances 0.000 description 134
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 57
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 30
- 238000002135 phase contrast microscopy Methods 0.000 description 29
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 27
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 22
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000003139 biocide Substances 0.000 description 10
- LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N glyoxal Chemical compound O=CC=O LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 9
- AWMNXQXKGOSXDN-GORDUTHDSA-N (e)-ethylideneurea Chemical compound C\C=N\C(N)=O AWMNXQXKGOSXDN-GORDUTHDSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- HFQQZARZPUDIFP-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-dodecylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1S([O-])(=O)=O HFQQZARZPUDIFP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 6
- LKZMBDSASOBTPN-UHFFFAOYSA-L silver carbonate Substances [Ag].[O-]C([O-])=O LKZMBDSASOBTPN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 6
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 5
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910001593 boehmite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229940015043 glyoxal Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 5
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- RZJRJXONCZWCBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC RZJRJXONCZWCBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 4
- 206010011732 Cyst Diseases 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229960005069 calcium Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 208000031513 cyst Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZXSQEZNORDWBGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dihydropyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-2-one Chemical compound C1=CN=C2NC(=O)CC2=C1 ZXSQEZNORDWBGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cetrimonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 3
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- GBAOBIBJACZTNA-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfite Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])=O GBAOBIBJACZTNA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 235000010261 calcium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 3
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001958 silver carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- KQTXIZHBFFWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-L silver(I) carbonate Inorganic materials [Ag]OC(=O)O[Ag] KQTXIZHBFFWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 3
- GDBCGGFNFKMPAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decylnaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CCCCCCCCCC)=CC=CC2=C1 GDBCGGFNFKMPAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000589513 Burkholderia cepacia Species 0.000 description 2
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000004821 Contact adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethylenetriamine Chemical compound NCCNCCN RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005639 Lauric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004640 Melamine resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- FLIACVVOZYBSBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl palmitate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC FLIACVVOZYBSBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000008051 alkyl sulfates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001857 anti-mycotic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002543 antimycotic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012662 bulk polymerization Methods 0.000 description 2
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- FUFJGUQYACFECW-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium hydrogenphosphate Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP([O-])([O-])=O FUFJGUQYACFECW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005354 coacervation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N decanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N docosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007720 emulsion polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000374 eutectic mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- IVJISJACKSSFGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine Chemical compound O=C.NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 IVJISJACKSSFGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VPVSTMAPERLKKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycoluril Chemical compound N1C(=O)NC2NC(=O)NC21 VPVSTMAPERLKKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- FNAZRRHPUDJQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N henicosane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC FNAZRRHPUDJQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BJQWYEJQWHSSCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptacosane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC BJQWYEJQWHSSCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NDJKXXJCMXVBJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC NDJKXXJCMXVBJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HMSWAIKSFDFLKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexacosane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC HMSWAIKSFDFLKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DCAYPVUWAIABOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DCAYPVUWAIABOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- CBFCDTFDPHXCNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N icosane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CBFCDTFDPHXCNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001421 myristyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- ZYURHZPYMFLWSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octacosane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC ZYURHZPYMFLWSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UTOPWMOLSKOLTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octacosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O UTOPWMOLSKOLTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940038384 octadecane Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZFLIKDUSUDBGCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N parabanic acid Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)C(=O)N1 ZFLIKDUSUDBGCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YKNWIILGEFFOPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentacosane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC YKNWIILGEFFOPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YCOZIPAWZNQLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC YCOZIPAWZNQLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- POOSGDOYLQNASK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracosane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC POOSGDOYLQNASK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HLZKNKRTKFSKGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCO HLZKNKRTKFSKGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BGHCVCJVXZWKCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC BGHCVCJVXZWKCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 2
- FIGVVZUWCLSUEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricosane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC FIGVVZUWCLSUEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DCXXMTOCNZCJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tristearoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DCXXMTOCNZCJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SAPGTCDSBGMXCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-chlorophenyl)-(4-fluorophenyl)-pyrimidin-5-ylmethanol Chemical compound C=1N=CN=CC=1C(C=1C(=CC=CC=1)Cl)(O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 SAPGTCDSBGMXCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N (2r,3r,4s)-2-[(1r)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]oxolane-3,4-diol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ALSTYHKOOCGGFT-KTKRTIGZSA-N (9Z)-octadecen-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCO ALSTYHKOOCGGFT-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OIAQMFOKAXHPNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diphenylbenzene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 OIAQMFOKAXHPNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QLAJNZSPVITUCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,2-dioxathietane 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)OCO1 QLAJNZSPVITUCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RLFFWWKJSJOYMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-diazepan-2-one Chemical compound O=C1NCCCCN1 RLFFWWKJSJOYMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XRJWGFXUIIXRNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexylnaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CCCCCC)=CC=CC2=C1 XRJWGFXUIIXRNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVFWYUWNQVRQRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4-tris(2-phenylethenyl)phenol Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC1=C(C=CC=2C=CC=CC=2)C(O)=CC=C1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 TVFWYUWNQVRQRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOHZKUSWWGUUNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4,5-dihydroimidazol-1-yl)ethanol Chemical compound OCCN1CCN=C1 GOHZKUSWWGUUNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IZHSCDOXRKNGBC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2-[1-benzyl-2-(15-methylhexadecyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-1-ium-1-yl]ethanol;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=NCC[N+]1(CCO)CC1=CC=CC=C1 IZHSCDOXRKNGBC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VMSBGXAJJLPWKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethenylbenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C=C VMSBGXAJJLPWKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPUZANOCSJKDOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl(methyl)azanium;sulfate Chemical compound C[NH2+]CCO.C[NH2+]CCO.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O WPUZANOCSJKDOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 235000021357 Behenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005632 Capric acid (CAS 334-48-5) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004971 Cross linker Substances 0.000 description 1
- IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethenol Chemical compound OC=C IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutaraldehyde Chemical compound O=CCCCC=O SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012695 Interfacial polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001730 Moisture cure polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- DGVBIYSCKYFPHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12.OCCC=1NC=CN1 Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12.OCCC=1NC=CN1 DGVBIYSCKYFPHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RCEAADKTGXTDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N OS(O)(=O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCC[Na] Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCC[Na] RCEAADKTGXTDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000228143 Penicillium Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000228150 Penicillium chrysogenum Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010009736 Protein Hydrolysates Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000588777 Providencia rettgeri Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000220324 Pyrus Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000736110 Sphingomonas paucimobilis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000122973 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Species 0.000 description 1
- PCSMJKASWLYICJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic aldehyde Chemical compound O=CCCC=O PCSMJKASWLYICJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical class OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WERKSKAQRVDLDW-ANOHMWSOSA-N [(2s,3r,4r,5r)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexyl] (z)-octadec-9-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO WERKSKAQRVDLDW-ANOHMWSOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FVFJGQJXAWCHIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-(bromomethyl)phenyl]methanamine Chemical compound NCC1=CC=C(CBr)C=C1 FVFJGQJXAWCHIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010489 acacia gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001785 acacia senegal l. willd gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008055 alkyl aryl sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910021502 aluminium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SWLVFNYSXGMGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium bromide Chemical compound [NH4+].[Br-] SWLVFNYSXGMGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940088990 ammonium stearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052925 anhydrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001449 anionic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003266 anti-allergic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002519 antifouling agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- JPNZKPRONVOMLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;octadecanoic acid Chemical compound [NH4+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O JPNZKPRONVOMLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCQNTHIIWHZNNX-UHFFFAOYSA-M azanium benzyl-dimethyl-octadecylazanium dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)[N+](CC1=CC=CC=C1)(C)C.[Cl-].[NH4+] QCQNTHIIWHZNNX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- IPTLKMXBROVJJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanium;methyl sulfate Chemical compound N.COS(O)(=O)=O IPTLKMXBROVJJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940116226 behenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DUZWNKDFSDMOHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,3-diol;formaldehyde;urea Chemical compound O=C.NC(N)=O.OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 DUZWNKDFSDMOHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-enoic acid;ethene Chemical compound C=C.OC(=O)CC=C DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003563 calcium carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010216 calcium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940043430 calcium compound Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001674 calcium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940062672 calcium dihydrogen phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001714 calcium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940095672 calcium sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000011132 calcium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OVFCVRIJCCDFNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid;copper Chemical compound [Cu].OC(O)=O OVFCVRIJCCDFNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WIKQEUJFZPCFNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid;silver Chemical compound [Ag].[Ag].OC(O)=O WIKQEUJFZPCFNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002057 carboxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC(=O)C([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 1
- 235000010418 carrageenan Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000679 carrageenan Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001525 carrageenan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940113118 carrageenan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940112822 chewing gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000015218 chewing gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CCRCUPLGCSFEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N cinnamic acid methyl ester Natural products COC(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 CCRCUPLGCSFEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000009 copper(II) carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000153 copper(II) phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N crotonic acid Chemical compound C\C=C\C(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011646 cupric carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- LMGZGXSXHCMSAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclodecane Chemical compound C1CCCCCCCCC1 LMGZGXSXHCMSAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WJTCGQSWYFHTAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclooctane Chemical compound C1CCCCCCC1 WJTCGQSWYFHTAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004914 cyclooctane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylamine Chemical compound CCNCC HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004683 dihydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MHJAJDCZWVHCPF-UHFFFAOYSA-L dimagnesium phosphate Chemical compound [Mg+2].OP([O-])([O-])=O MHJAJDCZWVHCPF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- JMGZBMRVDHKMKB-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;2-sulfobutanedioate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OS(=O)(=O)C(C([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O JMGZBMRVDHKMKB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229960000878 docusate sodium Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000009881 electrostatic interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021323 fish oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LCDFWRDNEPDQBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;phenol;urea Chemical compound O=C.NC(N)=O.OC1=CC=CC=C1 LCDFWRDNEPDQBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002538 fungal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001046 glycoluril group Chemical group [H]C12N(*)C(=O)N(*)C1([H])N(*)C(=O)N2* 0.000 description 1
- FZYRMCJWVHYCHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptane-2,3-diol;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C.CCCCC(O)C(C)O FZYRMCJWVHYCHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-M hexadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DEQLTFPCJRGSHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecylbenzene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 DEQLTFPCJRGSHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004836 hexamethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WJRBRSLFGCUECM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydantoin Chemical compound O=C1CNC(=O)N1 WJRBRSLFGCUECM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001469 hydantoins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007037 hydroformylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000413 hydrolysate Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000015 iron(II) carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000155 iron(II) phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000787 lecithin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010445 lecithin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940067606 lecithin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229960001708 magnesium carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000014380 magnesium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CCRCUPLGCSFEDV-BQYQJAHWSA-N methyl trans-cinnamate Chemical compound COC(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 CCRCUPLGCSFEDV-BQYQJAHWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NQNOMXXYKHWVKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylazanium;sulfate Chemical compound NC.NC.OS(O)(=O)=O NQNOMXXYKHWVKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000150 monocalcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004682 monohydrates Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940043348 myristyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VAMFXQBUQXONLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-alpha-eicosene Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C VAMFXQBUQXONLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-heptadecyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HOWGUJZVBDQJKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-propyl-nonadecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC HOWGUJZVBDQJKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- LQERIDTXQFOHKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC LQERIDTXQFOHKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RZJRJXONCZWCBN-NJFSPNSNSA-N octadecane Chemical group CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[14CH3] RZJRJXONCZWCBN-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940055577 oleyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XMLQWXUVTXCDDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N oleyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCO XMLQWXUVTXCDDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000032696 parturition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021017 pears Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001814 pectin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010987 pectin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001277 pectin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000026731 phosphorylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006366 phosphorylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001467 poly(styrenesulfonates) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940096992 potassium oleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940114930 potassium stearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MLICVSDCCDDWMD-KVVVOXFISA-M potassium;(z)-octadec-9-enoate Chemical compound [K+].CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O MLICVSDCCDDWMD-KVVVOXFISA-M 0.000 description 1
- MQOCIYICOGDBSG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;hexadecanoate Chemical compound [K+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O MQOCIYICOGDBSG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ANBFRLKBEIFNQU-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;octadecanoate Chemical compound [K+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O ANBFRLKBEIFNQU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003531 protein hydrolysate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003856 quaternary ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940100890 silver compound Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003379 silver compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000161 silver phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000367 silver sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium docusate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940045870 sodium palmitate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019830 sodium polyphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940074404 sodium succinate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZDQYSKICYIVCPN-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium succinate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O ZDQYSKICYIVCPN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- GGXKEBACDBNFAF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;hexadecanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O GGXKEBACDBNFAF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 210000000952 spleen Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940114926 stearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940012831 stearyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 125000000020 sulfo group Chemical group O=S(=O)([*])O[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010408 sweeping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 1
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N tetradecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC[14C](O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JZALLXAUNPOCEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecylbenzene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 JZALLXAUNPOCEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-crotonic acid Natural products CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000391 tricalcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013638 trimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006150 trypticase soy agar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002255 vaccination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L zinc;1-(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-3-[(1s,2s)-2-(6-fluoro-2-hydroxy-3-propanoylphenyl)cyclopropyl]urea;diacetate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C([C@H]2[C@H](C2)NC(=O)NC=2N=CC(=CC=2)C#N)=C1O UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/14—Paints containing biocides, e.g. fungicides, insecticides or pesticides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/26—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests in coated particulate form
- A01N25/28—Microcapsules or nanocapsules
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/06—Aluminium; Calcium; Magnesium; Compounds thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/16—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/16—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
- A01N59/20—Copper
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/26—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/02—Making microcapsules or microballoons
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/02—Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/06—Making microcapsules or microballoons by phase separation
- B01J13/08—Simple coacervation, i.e. addition of highly hydrophilic material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/02—Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/06—Making microcapsules or microballoons by phase separation
- B01J13/14—Polymerisation; cross-linking
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/02—Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/20—After-treatment of capsule walls, e.g. hardening
- B01J13/22—Coating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
- C08K9/10—Encapsulated ingredients
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D133/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D161/00—Coating compositions based on condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D161/20—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with only compounds containing hydrogen attached to nitrogen
- C09D161/26—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with only compounds containing hydrogen attached to nitrogen of aldehydes with heterocyclic compounds
- C09D161/28—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with only compounds containing hydrogen attached to nitrogen of aldehydes with heterocyclic compounds with melamine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D161/00—Coating compositions based on condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D161/34—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with monomers covered by at least two of the groups C09D161/04, C09D161/18 and C09D161/20
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D179/00—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen, with or without oxygen, or carbon only, not provided for in groups C09D161/00 - C09D177/00
- C09D179/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
- C09D7/61—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/66—Additives characterised by particle size
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/70—Additives characterised by shape, e.g. fibres, flakes or microspheres
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09F—NATURAL RESINS; FRENCH POLISH; DRYING-OILS; OIL DRYING AGENTS, i.e. SICCATIVES; TURPENTINE
- C09F9/00—Compounds to be used as driers, i.e. siccatives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/06—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to solid or vice versa
- C09K5/063—Materials absorbing or liberating heat during crystallisation; Heat storage materials
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
- F28D20/023—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat the latent heat storage material being enclosed in granular particles or dispersed in a porous, fibrous or cellular structure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G14/00—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with two or more other monomers covered by at least two of the groups C08G8/00 - C08G12/00
- C08G14/02—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with two or more other monomers covered by at least two of the groups C08G8/00 - C08G12/00 of aldehydes
- C08G14/04—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with two or more other monomers covered by at least two of the groups C08G8/00 - C08G12/00 of aldehydes with phenols
- C08G14/06—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with two or more other monomers covered by at least two of the groups C08G8/00 - C08G12/00 of aldehydes with phenols and monomers containing hydrogen attached to nitrogen
- C08G14/08—Ureas; Thioureas
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Micro-Capsules (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
- Fireproofing Substances (AREA)
Abstract
公开了微胶囊,其具有芯部组合物和无机壳,所述芯部组合物被包封在聚合物壁内,所述无机壳通过表面活性剂连接到所述聚合物壁的外表面。所述无机壳具有被吸引至所述表面活性剂的阳离子和化学键合到所述阳离子的阴离子或阴离子等价物以形成所述壳,或者具有被吸引至所述表面活性剂的含金属化合物的金属部分以形成所述壳。所述壳可包括Ca、Mg、或Ag金属化合物。所述壳可以是氧化石墨烯‑金属化合物。
Description
相关申请
该申请要求在2016年7月11日提交的美国临时申请第62/360,672号的权益,其通过引用并入本文;以及在2016年11月8日提交的美国临时申请第62/419,325号的权益,其通过引用并入本文。
技术领域
本申请涉及胶囊,所述胶囊具有包封芯部组合物的聚合物壁,其中表面活性剂将外壳系留至聚合物壁,更具体地,所述外壳被沉淀为包括与所述表面活性剂结合的金属阳离子的固体。
背景技术
出于多种目的,微胶囊可以由各种类型的壁或壳材料构成以容纳不同的芯部材料。包封方法通常被称为微型包封。微型包封是以非常小的规模将一种通常被称为芯部材料的物质包围或包裹在另一种被称为壁、壳或胶囊的物质内的方法。微胶囊的规模可以是直径范围在1μm和1000μm之间的颗粒,其由芯部材料和覆盖壳组成。微胶囊可以是球形形状的,其中连续的壁围绕着所述芯部,而其它的可以是非对称且可变形状的。
一般的包封方法包括乳液聚合、本体聚合、溶液聚合和/或悬浮聚合并且典型地包括催化剂。乳液聚合发生在水/油或油/水混合相中。本体聚合在溶剂不存在下进行。溶液聚合在单体和随后的聚合物均可溶于其中的溶剂中进行。悬浮聚合在单体在其中不可溶并且单体通过搅动悬浮于其中的溶剂(通常是水)的存在下进行。为了防止单体液滴聚集以及防止聚合物凝聚,通常加入保护性胶体。
通过选择芯部和壳材料,获得具有各种功能的微胶囊是可能的。这就是为什么微胶囊可被定义为容器的原因,该容器可释放、保护和/或掩蔽各种活性芯部材料。微型包封主要用于将芯部材料与环境分离,但是它也可用于芯部材料在环境中的控制释放。
微型包封在相变材料(PCMs)领域已经引起极大兴趣。PCM是在某一温度具有高的熔融热、熔化热和固化热的物质,其能够储存和释放大量的能量。当材料从固体变成液体时吸收或释放热,反之亦然;因此PCMs被划分为潜热储存单元。潜热储存可通过固-固、固-液、固-气和液-气相变实现,但是固-液通常被用于热储存应用,因为比由于PCM所占据的体积显著变化所导致的气体相变更稳定。由于该稳定性,PCMs目前在被用于包括纺织、食品和医疗行业、计算机冷却、航天器热系统和太阳能发电厂在内的各种领域。一般地,现今在用的最常用的PCMs是由石蜡制造的那些PCMs。另外,因为PCMs在被加热经过熔点时从固体转变成液体,所以石蜡在包封时最容易处理,其中最常见的外壁是有机聚合物。这使得PCMs在经过PCM的熔化温度时被作为自由流动的固体处理,并且有机聚合物壁提高PCM的控制释放(如果这是所期望的话)以及胶囊的结构稳定性。
微型包封PCMs的目前的有机聚合物壁系统存在一些缺点,包括可燃性(太高)、低远红外(FIR)吸收、对细菌和真菌生长的抵御很小乃至没有和低导热性。之前为了抵抗这些限制,研究者已经尝试了用无机壁诸如碳酸钙(CaCO3)、二氧化硅、氢氧化铝(Al(OH)3)和金属诸如Mg、Ca、Ti和Zn的氧化物直接包封PCMs,但是所述壁在包含PCM时是无效的。具体地,这种类型的直接包封的最大问题是从胶囊中泄漏的PCM的量多达30%泄漏。PCM以这样的量泄漏,尤其当PCM是石蜡时,可增加微胶囊的可燃性。此外,为了得到包封石蜡芯部的无机材料完整的壁,必须使用40/60(蜡芯部/壁)左右的质量比。该高质量比引起接近60%的焓损失,这显著降低将PCM芯部有效地用于上述许多应用的能力。因此,壁材料限于有机聚合物。
PCMs的一些其他潜在的应用包括建筑中的加热/冷却系统以及太阳能储存装置。建筑中有效的加热和冷却系统在最近几年有了很大的进展;然而,仍然有改进的空间。由于PCM在需要时储存和释放热的能力,PCMs已经应用于建筑中的加热/冷却系统。然而,由于有机PCMs的可燃性,该应用受到限制。此外,太阳能板在能量转化上正变得更加高效;然而,需要储存该能量用于后续使用的方法。能量从太阳中以FIR光的形式释放,并且在白天和晚上均发射。正由于此,能够吸收FIR能量并将其储存为热的材料在太阳能应用中将是期望的。PCMs具有在较长的时期储存和释放热的能力。
由于开发微型包封的PCMs,所以对改进型微胶囊存在持续的需要。具体地,需要找到一种以获得无机材料的益处而无芯部泄漏且不降低微胶囊的熔融热的方式将无机材料用作微胶囊的壁的方式。
发明内容
本文公开了胶囊以及其制备方法,所述胶囊具有外壳(具体地,无机材料),其通过表面活性剂系留(tether)至胶囊(其可以是微胶囊)的聚合物壁。外壳使焓的损失最小化并且使芯部组合物的泄漏最小化,同时给胶囊提供有利特征,这归因于外壳中使用的材料。例如,如果外壳包括CaCO3,则提高的阻燃特性是胶囊的特征。如果外壳包括CaHPO4和/或CaSO3,则增加的远红外光吸收是胶囊的特征。如果外壳包括一种或多种银化合物,则高细菌抗性是胶囊的特征。如果外壳包括氧化石墨烯钙化合物,则高导热性是微胶囊的特征。
在所有方面,胶囊具有包封在聚合物壁内的芯部组合物、和通过表面活性剂连接到聚合物壁的外表面的无机壳,所述无机壳包括被吸引至表面活性剂的阳离子、以及化学键合到所述阳离子的阴离子或阴离子等价物,或被吸引至表面活性剂的含金属化合物。表面活性剂包括离子表面活性剂。
在所有方面,芯部包括相变材料。阳离子可以是钙离子、银离子、镁离子、铁离子、铜离子、和钴离子、及其组合。当阳离子是银离子时,无机壳具有抗细菌和抗真菌生长特性。
在所有方面,芯部包括相变材料。阳离子可以是钙离子、银离子、镁离子、铁离子、铜离子、和钴离子、及其组合。在一种实施方式中,无机壳使胶囊具有阻燃特性,其相比没有该壳的胶囊使燃烧总质量百分数降低按质量计至少16%。在另一种实施方式中,无机壳使胶囊具有阻燃特性,其使燃烧总质量百分数降低至少40%。
在所有方面,芯部包括相变材料。无机壳由阳离子和阴离子定义,其中阴离子选自CO3 -2、HPO4 -2、PO4 -3、SO4 -2、SO3 -2、OH-1、HSO4 -1、及其组合。
在一种实施方式中,芯部包括相变材料并且无机壳由阳离子和阴离子等价物定义。阴离子等价物是氧化石墨烯并且阳离子是钙离子。此时,无机壳可以是不连续壁或连续壁。
在一种实施方式中,芯部包括相变材料并且无机壳由被吸引至表面活性剂的含金属化合物定义,所述含金属化合物是金属氧化物或者金属氧化物-氢氧化物。
在所有方面,胶囊的聚合物壁包括三聚氰胺甲醛、明胶、交联三聚氰胺、间苯二酚脲甲醛或丙烯酸聚合物。
在另一方面,公开了表面处理胶囊的方法。方法包括提供包括包封在聚合物壁内的芯部组合物的胶囊;将包括离子表面活性剂的水性表面活性剂和胶囊在能够使表面活性剂附接至聚合物壁的外表面的条件下混合在一起以形成表面活性剂-胶囊中间体;和,将悬浮、可溶或溶解在水中的含金属化合物加入到表面活性剂-胶囊中间体中以形成无机固体作为胶囊的外壳,或者首先将水性阳离子加入到表面活性剂-胶囊中间体中以形成其中阳离子与表面活性剂缔合的第二中间体胶囊、然后将水性阴离子或阴离子等价物加入到第二中间体胶囊中以化学键合至阳离子并且形成无机固体作为胶囊的外壳。
方法可另外包括在与水性表面活性剂混合之前形成胶囊。
在方法的所有方面,壳可以是不连续外壳并且芯部可以是相变材料。在一种实施方式中,阳离子选自钙离子、银离子、镁离子、及其组合并且阴离子选自CO3 -2、HPO4 -2、PO4 -3、SO4 -2、SO3 -2、OH-1、HSO4 -1、及其组合。
在方法的所有方面,壳可以是不连续外壳并且芯部可以是相变材料。在一种实施方式中,壳包括阳离子和阴离子等价物,阴离子等价物可以是氧化石墨烯。
在方法的所有方面,壳可以是不连续外壳并且芯部可以是相变材料。在一种实施方式中,含金属化合物在加入步骤期间加入,并且含金属化合物包括金属氧化物或者金属氧化物-氢氧化物。
在方法的所有方面,壳可以是不连续外壳并且芯部可以是相变材料。聚合物壁包括三聚氰胺甲醛、明胶、交联三聚氰胺、间苯二酚脲甲醛或丙烯酸聚合物。
在另一方面,公开了包含本文上述和下述胶囊的任一种的制品。在一方面,无机壳由阳离子和阴离子等价物定义,其中阴离子等价物是氧化石墨烯,并且制品是用于电子设备的冷却装置。冷却装置具有基底以及施加于其上的涂层,所述涂层包括在其中分散的多个胶囊。基底包括位于基底上与涂层相对的表面上的粘合剂层,并且无机壳包括每个微胶囊至少1g的石墨烯,并且微胶囊使电子设备的平均性能增加至少10%。
在一方面,芯部包括相变材料,并且阳离子选自钙离子、银离子、镁离子、铁离子、铜离子、和钴离子、及其组合,并且胶囊具有阻燃特性,其相比没有该壳的胶囊使燃烧总质量百分数降低按质量计至少16%或至少40%。这里,制品可以是建筑材料。
在另一方面,制品是太阳能电池,并且胶囊的芯部包括相变材料,并且无机壳包括选自HPO4 -2、PO4 -3、SO4 -2、SO3 -2、HSO4 -1、及其组合的阴离子。
在另一方面,制品是纺织织物或纺织材料。在一种实施方式中,阳离子是银离子,并且无机壳具有抗细菌生长和抗真菌生长的特性。
在另一方面,公开了组合物质(composition of matter),其具有用可扩展介质分散的多个胶囊。多个胶囊可以是本文上述胶囊的任一种。在一种实施方式中,胶囊具有无机壳,其中阳离子是银离子,由此提供抗细菌和抗真菌生长特性。在所有方面,可扩展介质可以是涂料或涂层。
附图说明
图1A是以横截面图示出的微胶囊上壳形成的流程图。
图1B是以横截面图示出的微胶囊上壳形成的第二实施方式的流程图。
图2是按照图1的壳形成方法在加入外(outer(exterior))壳之前具有由聚合物壁包封的芯部的微胶囊50μm尺度的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)图像。
图3是位于框架中心的单个微胶囊10μm尺度的SEM图像,该微胶囊具有连接于图2所示类型的微胶囊的聚合物壁外表面的CaCO3壳。
图4和图5分别是多个微胶囊100μm和10μm的SEM图像,该微胶囊具有连接于图2所示类型的微胶囊的聚合物壁外表面的Ag2CO3壳。
图6和图7是具有无机壳的各种微胶囊的燃烧测试数据的条形图,其显示了相对于微胶囊的无机壳材料的燃烧总质量百分数。
图8是具有不同无机壳的微胶囊的远红外太阳能吸收数据的图。
图9是具有CaHPO4无机壳的微胶囊在-12℃的远红外太阳能吸收数据的图。
图10是表示将氧化石墨烯固体系留至微胶囊的聚合物壁外表面的图示。
具体实施方式
下面的详述将说明本发明的一般原理,其实施例另外图示在附图中。
如本文所用,术语“约”允许以某一值或范围的变化程度,例如对于所有实施方式在所述值或所述范围的限值的10%之内的变化程度,但是在更优选的实施方式中在所述值或所述范围的限值的5%之内的变化程度。
本文参考图1A和1B描述胶囊100c,所述胶囊100c具有围绕聚合物壁104的外壳106(无机壳),所述聚合物壁104包封芯部组合物102。壳106被沉积到胶囊上,并且通过表面活性剂保持在适当位置。壳106通常是最外面的壳,但是在一些实施方式中,壳106可具有施加于其上的涂层。胶囊100c作为预成型胶囊100开始,其具有包封在聚合物壁104内的芯部组合物102。一种实施方式的预成型胶囊的SEM图像作为图2被包括。应当注意胶囊一般为球形胶囊并且基于其大小被称为微胶囊。
参考图1A,壳106通过表面活性剂108连接到预成型胶囊100的聚合物壁104的外表面105,并且具有被吸引至表面活性剂108的阳离子110和化学键合至阳离子的阴离子或阴离子等价物112以形成固体沉淀(即,壳106)。表面活性剂108通过至少静电吸引或疏水缔合化学结合至聚合物壁的外表面,并且阳离子与表面活性剂形成化学键。壳106可以是连续壳(即,完整、无端的壳)或不连续(部分)壳。不连续壳的实施例显示在图3-5的SEM图像中。壳106被沉积到胶囊上,通过表面活性剂保持在那里。
参考图1B,在可供选择的方法中,壳106通过表面活性剂108连接到预成型胶囊100的聚合物壁104的外表面105,并且具有被吸引至表面活性剂108的含金属化合物113以形成固体壳106。这里也一样,表面活性剂108通过至少静电吸引或疏水缔合化学结合至聚合物壁的外表面,区别是含金属化合物的金属部分与表面活性剂,而不是阳离子形成化学键。壳106可以是连续壳或不连续壳,如上所示述。一种示例性含金属化合物是勃姆石(铝氧化物氢氧化物矿物质),其可形成围绕胶囊的壳106,所述胶囊容纳包括PCM的芯部组合物。其它含金属化合物包括但不限于二氧化钛、硅氧化物、锌氧化物、铜氧化物、锆氧化物、和其它金属氧化物或金属氧化物-氢氧化物纳米颗粒。含金属化合物在水中不必是可溶的。所有需要的是在水中足够久附接至表面活性剂的悬浮能力(suspendability)。
在所有实施方式中,芯部组合物102可包括相变材料,优选熔点范围在约-30℃至约70℃的相变材料。具有这种熔点的PCMs包括但不限于直链烷烃、醇、有机酸、包含至少6个碳原子的脂族酸、及其组合。其它合适的芯部材料包括但不限于脂族烃基化合物,诸如饱和或不饱和C10-C40烃,其是支链的或者优选地直链的;环烃;芳族烃基化合物;C1-C40-烷基-取代的芳族烃;饱和或不饱和C6-C30-脂肪酸;脂肪醇;Cn-烷基酯;天然和合成蜡,及其组合。
饱和或不饱和C10-C40烃(其是支链的或者优选地直链的)的实例包括但不限于正十四烷、正十五烷、正十六烷、正十七烷、正十八烷、正十九烷、正二十烷、正二十一烷、正二十二烷、正二十三烷、正二十四烷、正二十五烷、正二十六烷、正二十七烷和正二十八烷。环烃的实例包括但不限于环己烷、环辛烷和环癸烷。芳族烃基化合物的实施例包括但不限于苯、萘、联苯、和邻三联苯或n-三联苯。C1-C40-烷基-取代的芳族烃的实施例包括但不限于十二烷基苯、十四烷基苯、十六烷基苯、己基萘或癸基萘。饱和或不饱和C6-C30-脂肪酸的实施例包括但不限于月桂酸、硬脂酸、油酸或山萮酸、以及癸酸与肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸或月桂酸的低共熔混合物。脂肪醇的实施例包括但不限于月桂醇、硬脂醇、油醇、肉豆蔻醇、十六醇、诸如椰子脂肪醇的混合物、和所谓的含氧醇(其通过α-烯烃的氢甲酰化和进一步的反应获得)。Cn-烷基酯的实施例包括但不限于脂肪酸的C1-C10-烷基酯,诸如棕榈酸丙酯、硬脂酸甲酯或棕榈酸甲酯、以及它们的低共熔混合物或肉桂酸甲酯。天然蜡和合成蜡的实施例包括但不限于褐煤酸蜡、褐煤酯蜡、聚乙烯蜡、氧化蜡、聚乙烯基醚蜡、和乙烯乙酸乙烯酯蜡。
既然芯部材料已经被包封在预成型胶囊100(图1)中并且不与通过本文公开的方法所添加的另外的壳106的形成相互作用,那么芯部材料102可以是能被包封的任何期望的组合物。芯部组合物和用于壳的材料基于最终应用和有助于最终产品的壳所期望的另外特性进行选择。
预成型胶囊100和所得胶囊100c可以是微胶囊或大胶囊,其相对于形成壳和胶囊壁的材料量通常将具有相对高的芯部材料载量。在任何胶囊中芯部材料的载量可以是基于胶囊的总重量按重量计约10%至约90%,优选地至少50%,更优选地至少70%,和甚至更优选地至少80%。在通过本文所公开的方法所制备的任何胶囊中,芯部材料的载量可以是基于胶囊的总重量按重量计约70%至约80%,更优选地约75%至约85%,和甚至更优选地至少约77%至约81%。
所得胶囊100c的大小可取决于所用预成型胶囊100的大小和预成型胶囊100的聚合物壁104上沉积的壳材料的量而变化。所得胶囊100c可以是微胶囊或大胶囊。微胶囊通常是直径在约1μm至约1000μm范围内的微胶囊。所选择的胶囊直径取决于用户针对胶囊的预期应用或用途。例如,直径为800μm至1200μm的香料胶囊被用于口香糖产品,而直径为30μm至1000μm的胶囊被用于建筑中以将相变材料、加湿剂或防污剂递送到混凝土中。在纺织品中,直径为1μm至500μm的微胶囊被用于抗过敏床垫。
预成型胶囊100具有聚合物壁104,其可包括三聚氰胺甲醛、明胶、交联三聚氰胺、丙烯酸聚合物或采用已知方法、诸如原位聚合、界面聚合、界面交联或任何其它已知方法制备的其它已知壁材料。三聚氰胺-甲醛(MF)胶囊可以通过缩聚的原位聚合方法制备,其中三聚氰胺-甲醛预聚物在连续水相中最初是可溶的,而疏水芯部材料被包含在分散的液滴中。随着水溶液中聚合反应的开始,所形成的寡聚物开始塌陷(collapse)在芯部液滴的表面上。在表面上,聚合继续并且发生交联,这导致固体MF壁的形成。
具有包封芯部材料的明胶壁的胶囊是已知的,如在Onder等的Encapsulation ofPhase Change Materials by Complex Coacervation to Improve ThermalPerformances of Woven Fabrics,Thermochimica Acta.2008,467,63-72和Patrick等的Optimization Process by Complex Coacervation of Fish Oil Using Gelatin/SDS/NaCMC and Secondary Coating Application with Sodium Polyphosphate,IJSBAR.2014,17,74-94中所教导的。
对于交联三聚氰胺微胶囊,关于制备该微胶囊的方法参考共同未决的美国申请No.15/420,435,其通过引用并入本文。这些微胶囊由包括交联试剂(crosslinking agent)的三聚氰胺甲醛预聚物制备,所述交联试剂是下列的混合物:
(a)环脲(U)和多官能醛(A)的反应产物,和
(b)选自由下列组成的组中的至少一种交联剂(crosslinker)
(bl)氨基三嗪和选自由脂族单醛和具有结构Y(CHO)n的多官能脂族醛组成的组中的至少一种醛的反应产物,其中Y是n-官能脂族残基,并且n大于1,其中如果交联剂(b)是(bl),则U不是二羟基乙烯脲,
(b2)脲和/或环脲和甲醛的反应产物,
(b3)烷氧基羰基氨基三嗪,
(b4)多官能异氰酸酯,其可以是部分或全部嵌段的,
(b5)酚和脂族单醛的反应产物,
(b6)多官能环氧化物,
(b7)多官能氮杂环丙烷,
(b8)多官能碳二亚胺,
其中具有羟基的交联剂(a)和(b)中的任一种可以用一种或多种直链、支链或环状的脂族醇醚化,通过调节pH和/或加入脲而聚合。交联剂(b)优选是选自(bl)、(b2)、(b3)和(b5)的至少一种交联剂。这些交联三聚氰胺微胶囊具有MF预聚物,其与交联试剂的重量百分比的比率为1:1至4:1、更优选地1.5:1至3.75:1。这些胶囊的初始游离甲醛水平为小于100ppm,更优选地小于80ppm,小于60ppm,甚至更优选地小于40ppm。这种交联试剂可从Allnex USA Inc得到。
在一种实施方式中,交联试剂具有环脲U和多官能脂族醛A的反应产物,部分(a)与(b1)、(b2)、(b3)和(b5)中的一种或多种的混合物。环脲U和多官能脂族醛A的反应产物与交联剂(b)中的至少一种的混合物具有1/99至99/1、优选地10/90至90/10和更优选地30/70至70/30的反应产物质量与该交联剂(b)质量(或与所有交联剂(b)的质量和)的比率。
多官能醛A具有式OHC-R'-CHO,其中R'可以是直接键或者二价自由基,其可优选地是直链、支链或环状的脂族自由基并且可具有一个至二十个碳原子,R'的这些选择均导致准确地具有两个-CHO基团的二价醛;或者脂族二价自由基,其可以是直链的、支链的或环状的并且可以具有一个至二十个碳原子,该自由基携带至少一个另外的醛基-CHO,其后面的选项导致具有至少三个醛基的三价或多价醛。优选的醛是二价脂族醛,尤其是乙二醛、丙二醛、丁二醛和戊二醛。特别优选的是乙二醛,处于水溶液中,其作为无水固体由于其熔化温度为15℃必须被冷却;或者处于其二聚物或三聚物的形式,任选地处于固体水合形式,作为二水合物;或者处于其与在酸性条件下分解的亚硫酸盐或亚硫酸氢盐的加成产物的形式。
根据本发明可以使用的环脲U具有至少一个未取代的酰胺-NH基团。这些环脲是环结构中具有结构-NH-CO-NH-的要素的脂环族或双环脂族化合物,环原子的总数优选是5至7个(亚乙基脲、1,2-亚丙基脲、1,3-亚丙基脲、1,4-亚丁基脲或四亚甲基脲)。特别优选的是亚乙基脲或者包括亚乙基脲的混合物,尤其是包括至少50%质量分数的亚乙基脲的混合物。在双环化合物的情况下,最简单的结构是甘脲或乙炔二脲。羟基官能脲不用于本发明。环脲可以被取代,优选地在N-或C-原子或者两者上被烷基取代,烷基残基优选地具有一个至四个碳原子。氮原子中的至少一个必须保持未被取代以能够与醛官能分子反应。优选地,至少一个环脲选自由亚乙基脲、1,2-亚丙基脲、海因(也被称为乙内酰脲)、和仲班酸(也被称为草酰脲)以及甘脲组成的组。特别优选的组合是与亚乙基脲反应的乙二醛、和任选地,乙二醛或亚乙基脲或两者与其它多官能醛和/或其它环脲的混合物。在使用亚乙基脲作为环脲以及使用乙二醛作为多官能醛的优选情况下,-R'-是直接键,并且-X-是-NH-CH2-CH。另外的细节可见于上面所引用的共同未决申请中。
特别适合于上述交联三聚氰胺胶囊的三聚氰胺甲醛树脂是可从Allnex USA Inc得到的385三聚氰胺甲醛树脂。三聚氰胺甲醛树脂可以是包括酚的三聚氰胺甲醛树脂,诸如间苯二酚脲甲醛树脂。
制备具有丙烯酸聚合物壁的微胶囊的一个示例方法公开在于2015年6月11日公布的美国专利申请公开No.2015/0158003中,其通过引用并入本文。
用于将壳106系留至聚合物壁104的表面活性剂108包括离子表面活性剂。在一种实施方式中,离子表面活性剂可以与非离子表面活性剂混合。表面活性剂可影响无机涂布的胶囊的大小和稳定性(因为对于一些表面活性剂/壳系统组合可发生凝聚)以及壳的稳定性。例如,在约200℃的温度无机壳可与胶囊100的聚合物壁分离,如果它与之没有很好地结合的话。大部分胶囊壁在高达以及约300℃至约400℃是稳定的;因此,在200℃降解表明表面活性剂没有将金属系留至胶囊的聚合物表面。
阳离子表面活性剂可以包括例如胺盐,诸如乙氧基化牛脂胺、椰油烷基胺、和油胺;季铵化合物,诸如十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、肉豆蔻基三甲基溴化铵、硬脂基二甲基苄基氯化铵、月桂基/肉豆蔻基三甲基甲基硫酸铵、硬脂基辛基二甲基硫酸甲酯铵(stearyloctyldimonium methosulfate)、二氢化棕榈酰乙基羟乙基甲基硫酸铵、异硬脂基苄基咪唑啉氮鎓氯化物(isostearyl benzylimidonium chloride)、椰油酰基苄基羟乙基咪唑啉氯化物、椰油酰基羟乙基咪唑啉(cocoyl hydroxyethylimidazolinium)、或其混合物。在一些实施方式中,阳离子表面活性剂是十六烷基三甲基溴化铵。
合适的离子表面活性剂包括但不限于烷基硫酸酯、烷基醚硫酸酯、烷基异硫代硫酸酯、烷基羧酸酯、烷基磺基琥珀酸酯、烷基琥珀酰胺酸酯的水溶性盐;烷基硫酸盐(诸如十二烷基硫酸钠),烷基肌氨酸酯,蛋白质水解产物的烷基衍生物,酰基天冬氨酸酯,烷基或烷基醚或烷基芳基醚磷酸酯,十二烷基硫酸钠,磷脂或卵磷脂,或肥皂,硬脂酸钠、硬脂酸钾或硬脂酸铵、油酸钠、油酸钾或油酸铵,或棕榈酸钠、棕榈酸钾或棕榈酸铵,烷基芳基磺酸盐,诸如十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)、二烷基磺基琥珀酸钠、二辛基磺基琥珀酸盐、二月桂基磺基琥珀酸钠、聚(苯乙烯磺酸酯)及其盐,异丁烯-马来酸酐共聚物,阿拉伯胶,海藻酸钠,羧甲基纤维素,硫酸纤维素和果胶,异丁烯-马来酸酐共聚物,角叉菜聚糖;半合成聚合物,诸如磺化甲基纤维素,羧甲基淀粉,磷酸化淀粉,木质素磺酸;和合成聚合物,诸如马来酸酐共聚物(包括其水解产物),聚丙烯酸,聚甲基丙烯酸,丙烯酸丁基丙烯酸酯共聚物或巴豆酸均聚物和共聚物,乙烯基苯磺酸或2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸均聚物和共聚物,和这种聚合物和共聚物的部分酰胺或部分酯,羧基改性的聚乙烯醇,磺酸改性的聚乙烯醇和磷酸改性的聚乙烯醇,磷酸化或硫酸化的三苯乙烯基苯酚乙氧基化物。
示例性非离子表面活性剂包括但不限于乙烯马来酸酐(EMA)、失水山梨糖醇硬脂酸酯(例如,60)、失水山梨糖醇单油酸酯(例如,80)、聚乙二醇失水山梨糖醇单油酸酯(80)、聚乙烯醇、环氧乙烷/环氧丙烷嵌段共聚物(例如P105)、聚氧乙烯(5)壬基苯基醚嵌段物(CO-520)、或其混合物。
被吸引至表面活性剂108的阳离子110是金属离子,诸如Ca+2、Mg+2、Ag+1、Co+2、Co+3、Ni+2、Cu+1、Cu+2、Fe+2、Fe+3、Mn+2、Zn+2、Al+3、和B+3、Sn+2、Sn+4、Cr+2、Cr+3,但不限于此。用于形成壳106的阴离子112是当与阳离子110配对时不溶于水的阴离子。合适的阴离子包括但不限于CO3 -2、HPO4 -2、PO4 -3、SO4 -2、SO3 -2、OH-1、H2PO4 -1、HSO4 -1、和HSO3 -1、CrO4 -2、MnO4 -2、S2O3 -2中的一种或多种。阴离子等价物当与阳离子110配对时也不溶于水。合适的阴离子等价物包括氧化石墨烯、胺、和羧化物。一些示例性胺包括伯胺,诸如二乙撑三胺(DETA)和二乙胺(DEA)。一些示例性羧化物包括十八酸根离子、十二酸根离子、和十六酸根离子。
在一种实施方式中,胶囊100c具有无机壳106,其中阳离子110是Ca+2并且阴离子是CO3 -2。所形成的碳酸钙无机壳是围绕聚合物壁104可以是连续或不连续的固体。图2中的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)图像是经由本文所述程序的具有外部CaCO3无机壳的有机PCM(胶囊100)的实施例。从该图像可以看出,为了实现芯部组合物、诸如相变材料的完全直接的包封(即,无聚合物104存在)而无严重泄漏,需要更多的碳酸钙。但是,胶囊表面上的碳酸钙越多,胶囊的熔融热越低。因此,为了防止泄漏还要保持高的熔融热,使用预成型胶囊100(已经包封的PCM),其中聚合物壁104包含所述芯部而无泄漏。图2也图示了金属化合物的结晶示意图,即不是像聚合物一样形成连续壁,金属化合物形成刚性的晶格,其中形状由金属的配位偏好、晶体形成的温度、溶剂和pH控制。
包括钙和镁离子的各种无机壳,包括图2的碳酸钙无机壳在内,使得胶囊100c具有如工作实施例1和图7所示的阻燃特性。相比没有无机壳的微胶囊100,无机壳,诸如硫酸钙、磷酸钙、碳酸镁、碳酸钙、和亚硫酸钙使燃烧总质量百分数降低按质量计至少16%。更特别地,碳酸钙和亚硫酸钙使燃烧总质量百分数降低至少40%。
包括钙离子、诸如磷酸二氢钙和亚硫酸钙的一些无机壳具有如工作实施例2以及图8和图9所示的提高的远红外太阳能吸收。
在一种实施方式中,胶囊100c具有无机壳106,其中阳离子110是Ag+并且阴离子是CO3 -2。所形成的碳酸银无机壳是可以围绕聚合物壁104的连续或不连续的固体。图4和图5是具有不连续碳酸银无机壳系留至基础胶囊100的聚合物壁104的胶囊100c的SEM图像。这些胶囊100c按照它们的大小是具有90μm的平均颗粒大小、0.95%的游离蜡和125J/g的焓的微胶囊。包括银的无机壳显示具有抗细菌和抗真菌特性,如工作实施例3可见。
在另一种实施方式中,壳由多个具有选自钙离子、银离子、和镁离子的一种或多种的阳离子以及作为阴离子等价物的氧化石墨烯的单体片形成。参考图10,氧化石墨烯112'具有环氧化物桥、羟基和羧酸官能团,其被认为与钙阳离子110上的正电荷具有静电相互作用116。钙阳离子110将氧化石墨烯片112'与系留至围绕芯部组合物102的聚合物壁104的表面活性剂结合并且也可用于将氧化石墨烯片相互结合。在制备胶囊100c的方法期间,大量的氧化石墨烯材料被分散在中性至碱性溶液中以产生单体片。
石墨烯具有高导热系数(4840-5300W/mK),并且已经显示石墨烯提高了PCM的导热系数。为了将石墨烯系留至PCM胶囊的表面,石墨烯以不同的氧化物基团官能化。因此,氧化石墨烯-钙壳具有提高胶囊100c的导热性的能力。为了使这些胶囊充分利用,产生了包括胶囊的标签,其可以是粘合剂标签,其使得包括在容纳相变材料组合物作为其芯部的预成型胶囊上具有氧化石墨烯-钙壳的胶囊。所述标签被应用于电子设备以提高电子设备的性能。在工作实施例4中手机被用作电子设备,其证实如利用安卓(android)应用AuTuTu所监测的在运行程序的速度和电池寿命方面增加约10.5%。设备性能通过PCMs的冷却技术得以提高,其通过氧化石墨烯-钙壳的高导热性得以增强。
再次参考图1,描述了将外壳106沉积到已经包封的相变材料(PCM),胶囊100的聚合物壁104上的方法。外壳106在约20℃至约70℃之间的温度在水溶液中被沉积到微胶囊100的现有聚合物壁上。如上所讨论,微胶囊100的聚合物壁104可以是但不限于有机聚合物,交联三聚氰胺(CM)和丙烯酸璧。在优选实施方式以及工作实施例中使用的那些中,预成型胶囊100的平均胶囊大小(直径)范围为约2μm至85μm。聚合物壁104被用作表面活性剂108可施加于其中的支架,其中表面活性剂108将外壳106系留至聚合物壁104的外表面105。可以使用离子表面活性剂或非离子表面活性剂,但是优选的是离子表面活性剂。表面活性剂108被溶解于水中,一般地去离子水,其可以是温热的。预成型胶囊100被加入到表面活性剂溶液中(或者反之亦然),其中搅拌足够时间以使得表面活性剂108系留至预成型胶囊100的聚合物壁104,由此形成中间体PCM胶囊100a。
表面活性剂溶液一般相对于这个批次所选的预成型胶囊的重量具有按重量计约0.5%至约3%的浓度。
在表面活性剂108被施加到聚合物壁104之后,金属阳离子110(X+)的溶液被逐滴添加到中间体PCM胶囊100a的水溶液中,优选搅拌足够时间以使阳离子被表面活性剂缔合/被表面活性剂吸引。在逐滴添加之前,可溶于水的金属化合物被溶解于水中,如果合适的话进行加热。包含金属的溶液包括按重量计0.5%至约25%、更优选地按重量计约1%至约11%的在去离子水中的金属,其被逐滴添加到表面活性剂涂布的PCM溶液中。金属阳离子110被吸引至系留至中间体PCM胶囊100a的外表面的表面活性剂108,由此形成第二中间体PCM胶囊100b。
在单独的容器中,所选的可溶于水的阴离子化合物被溶解于水中,一般进行加热。包含阴离子的溶液包括按重量计0.5%至约25%、更优选地按重量计约1%至约13%的在去离子水中的金属。阴离子112(Y-)的该溶液以与金属阳离子110的添加类似的方式被逐滴添加到第二中间体PCM胶囊100b的溶液中。阴离子112必须与之前加入的金属阳离子112不溶于水以便形成沉淀或沉积固体作为壳106。在阴离子112被加入到溶液中并且已经允许足够的时间用于壳106形成之后,溶液被过滤并且在去离子水中洗涤几次。
通过上述方法所制备的胶囊可进行定制以具有期望量的壳材料,其平衡由芯部组合物和壳本身所提供的期望特性。壳106可按重量计占各胶囊的约1%至约10%,更优选地按重量计占各胶囊的约3%至约8%。
工作实施例
实施例1:
2.5g离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)被溶解于400g去离子水中并且被加热至34℃。50g直径为20μm的预成型有机PCM胶囊在搅拌下被加入到SDBS溶液中直到表面活性剂被缔合到胶囊壁的外表面,由此形成中间体PCM胶囊。单独地,22.2g氯化钙(CaCl2)被溶解于600mL去离子水中并且被加热至40℃。CaCl2溶液在搅拌下被逐滴添加到中间体PCM胶囊溶液中直到金属与胶囊表面上的表面活性剂缔合,由此形成第二中间体PCM胶囊。在单独的容器中,21.2g碳酸钙(Na2CO3)被溶解于500mL去离子水中并且被加热至40℃。Na2CO3溶液被逐滴添加到第二中间体PCM胶囊的溶液中。搅拌整个溶液直到Ca2CO3的沉淀形成围绕各预成型有机PCM胶囊的无机壳。产物然后被过滤并用去离子水洗涤几次。
实施例2:
对于下面的表面活性剂组合重复实施例1的程序:下表1中所示的SPANTM 60失水山梨糖醇酯与十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)的组合以及乙烯马来酸酐(EMA)和十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)的组合。
实施例3:
利用下列金属-阴离子组合重复实施例1中的程序和实施例2中的表面活性剂:CaCO3、CaHPO4、Ca3(PO4)2、Ca(H2PO4)2、CaSO4、CaSO3、Ca(HSO4)2、MgCO3、MgHPO4、Mg3(PO4)2、Mg(H2PO4)2、Ag2CO3、Ag3PO4、Ag2HPO4、AgH2PO4、Ag2SO4、Ag2SO3、和AgHSO4、Cu3(PO4)2、CuHPO4、CuCO3、FeCO3、Fe3(PO4)2、和FeHPO4。
对来自实施例3所选择的胶囊——每个胶囊各自具有按重量计约5%的所鉴定的无机壳,评价平均颗粒大小、游离蜡的百分数、胶囊的焓值和经历10%重量损失时的温度。数据显示在下面的表1中。
表1
制备范围为约7μm至约230μm的平均颗粒大小,具有约0.1%至约8%的游离蜡,具有约94J/g至约200J/g的焓值以及约191℃至约400℃的温度时10%重量损失的合适的胶囊。
实施例4:
在经由无机纳米颗粒和有机聚合物胶囊壁之间的静电相互作用将无机外壁系留至聚合物内壁的另一方法中,表面活性剂充当将含金属化合物连接到有机聚合物壁的系留剂(tether)。这些类型的芯部-聚合物壁-壳胶囊的合成非常直接明确,如图1B所示意显示的。首先,在搅拌下将2.5克十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)加入到350克DI水并且加热至40℃,持续30分钟。在这之后,将25克如上所述的预成型微胶囊加入到表面活性剂/水混合物中并且在40℃搅拌2小时。在单独的烧杯中,在搅拌下将20克Dispal N(硝酸封端的)勃姆石加入到500克DI水中并且加热至45℃。在搅拌微胶囊和表面活性剂2小时之后,纳米勃姆石溶液经由分液漏斗在约一小时期间缓慢滴至微胶囊溶液中。在加入纳米勃姆石之后,在40℃搅拌所得混合物2小时,然后冷却至环境温度、经由真空泵过滤并且用DI水洗涤几次。
其中纳米勃姆石系留至胶囊外表面的胶囊的一个应用是给胶囊提供阻燃特性。
实施例5:
利用其它表面活性剂以及本文公开的表面活性剂以及其它纳米材料,诸如二氧化钛、硅氧化物、锌氧化物、铜氧化物、锆氧化物和其它金属氧化物-氢氧化物纳米颗粒的组合重复实施例4。
可燃性研究
无机涂布的PCMs的一个应用是降低的可燃性。例如,平均的房屋火灾在约1100℃燃烧,而CaCO3在熔化之前能承受高达1339℃的温度。因此,以无机材料诸如CaCO3涂布PCM应当降低了PCM的可燃性,因为火焰必须首先通过无机材料才燃烧。
对具有PCM芯部组合物和通过表面活性剂系留至胶囊聚合物壁的CaCO3壳的胶囊的阻燃特性进行测试并将其与裸露的预成型胶囊进行比较。可燃性研究中使用的PCMs的平均大小是直径25μm,芯部组合物包括十八烷烃,并且聚合物壳是交联的三聚氰胺。各胶囊具有其按重量计约5%的无机壳。样品首先在水分平衡下进行干燥以确保所有样品中类似的水含量。然后,各样品被放置在玻璃皮氏培养皿中并进行称重。然后将皮氏培养皿放置在通风厨中,并且将各样品点火并且使其燃烧完全。然后记录完全燃烧之后剩余样品(如果有的话)的质量,并且计算燃烧的总样品质量的百分数。
图6中的条形图显示与具有另外无机壳的预成型胶囊相比裸露的预成型"标准"胶囊的燃烧总质量百分数的记录。在燃烧后,标准胶囊具有99.7%的总质量损失,聚合物胶囊壁上具有CaSO4壳的PCMs具有83.5%的质量损失,聚合物胶囊壁上具有Ca3(PO4)2壳的PCMs具有73.8%的质量损失,聚合物胶囊壁上具有MgCO3壳的PCMs具有70.3%的质量损失,聚合物胶囊壁上具有CaCO3壳的PCMs具有57.8%的质量损失并且聚合物胶囊壁上具有CaSO3壳的PCMs具有46.0%的质量损失。该数据表明将无机壳加入到预成型胶囊中提高了其阻燃特性。
PCMs的可燃性也取决于限定聚合物胶囊壁上无机壳的无机材料的量。如图7的柱形图中所显示,裸露的预成型"标准"胶囊(平均大小25μm)具有99.7%的总质量损失,但是加入按质量计3.75%的包括CaCO3的无机壳使得仅59.5%的样品质量燃烧,按质量计5%的CaCO3的无机壳使得仅57.5%的样品质量燃烧,并且按质量计7.5%的CaCO3的无机壳使得仅44.4%的样品质量燃烧。此外,用较小的平均直径10μm的胶囊进行相同的实验,这意味着相同量的用于无机壳的无机材料具有较大的表面积。这里,对于具有按质量计7.5%的CaCO3的无机壳,相比上述的44.4%,仅有41.8%的样品燃烧。这证实覆盖的较大表面积(即小胶囊)允许稍微更好的无机壁覆盖率并且具有稍微更高的阻燃特性。
FIR吸收研究
无机涂布的PCMs的另一应用是吸收来自太阳的远红外(FIR)光用于太阳能存储。以来自太阳的FIR光的形式释放能量,并且在白天和夜间期间均发射能量。因为包含P-O键和S-O键的无机化合物在FIR区域具有高吸收,所以包含这种键的无机壁将在太阳能存储中具有进一步的PCM应用。
通过将样品放置在远红外光(其发射5-25μm的光)下4小时进行无机壁吸收远红外光的能力的验证。各样品的温度利用与插入到样品中的温度探针附接的温度计记录8小时。在这8小时期间如下监测温度:4小时打开光;和光关闭后4小时,由此模拟白天和夜间。随着时间的推移样品的温度越高,FIR吸收越好。
图8显示当打开光时裸露的预成型"标准"胶囊(平均大小25μm)温度增加高至75℃,然后3小时后返回至室温。根据实施例3制备的具有十八烷芯部、三聚氰胺-甲醛壁和按质量计5%的无机涂层(CaSO3和CaHPO4)的25μm胶囊,分别达到105℃和95℃的温度,并且在几乎4小时之后降至室温,证实在FIR光下较高的存储能力。
为确保室内的热不贡献至FIR吸收,在-12℃冷库中进行另外的FIR吸收试验。图9显示当光打开时相同的裸露预成型"标准"胶囊温度增加高至55℃,然后3小时后返回到-12℃。无机涂布的(CaHPO4)胶囊达到73℃温度,然后在几乎4小时后降低至-12℃,证实甚至在寒冷的条件下在FIR光下较高的存储能力。
抗菌研究
当前,为了降低任何细菌生长,在将PCM胶囊浆液过滤之前,将杀生物剂加入到PCM胶囊浆液中。然而,仍然存在改进空间。一些金属诸如银和铜是已知的抗菌剂;因此,裸露的预成型"标准"胶囊(平均大小25μm)按照上述实施例3的程序涂布有Ag2CO3并且用细菌和真菌菌落进行挑战(challenge)。在该研究中,发现将Ag2CO3壳加入到标准胶囊中显示没有回收到细菌,这证实具有无机壳的PCM比杀生物剂处理的PCM胶囊具有更高的抗菌性。
基于用杀生物剂处理的裸露预成型“标准”胶囊上的历史生长数据,针对四种细菌和1种真菌按照ASTM D 2547-06进行该研究。四种细菌是嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌(Stenotrophomonas maltophilia)、洋葱伯克霍尔德菌(Burkholderia cepacia)、雷氏普罗威登斯菌(Providencia rettgeri)和少动鞘氨醇单胞菌(Sphingomonaspaucimobilis)。真菌是青霉菌(Penicillium spp)。各测试样品(表2中的编号5)被提供为包含按重量计25%的具有Ag2CO3壳的胶囊的浆液(没有其它杀生物剂存在)。在测试前针对原生细菌对各浆液进行取样。将这些样品针对(编号1)未处理的(没有杀生物剂)裸露预成型“标准”胶囊、(编号2)具有1.6mLBN(2000ppm)杀生物剂的标准胶囊、(编号3)具有2mLIB(2500ppm)杀生物剂的标准胶囊和(编号4)用0.8mLBN(1000ppm)杀生物剂和1.0mLIB(1250ppm)杀生物剂处理的标准胶囊进行比较。
100克各样品的等分试样被分配到无菌容器中并且每个试样用0.1mL的生物体进行接种,并且在约30℃温育一周。通过将样品划线到胰酶大豆琼脂(针对细菌)和马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂(针对真菌)板上,在1、2、5和7天后进行细菌回收检查。这些板在30℃温育一周,其中在48小时和7天进行生长检查。然后,1周之后,样品分别用1.0mL新鲜制备的细菌肉汤和真菌孢子悬浮液进行重新接种。按照在第1周期间的相同程序,在8、9、12和14天后进行细菌回收检查。
下面的表2具有来自第1周和第2周的数据。评级如下:0意味着没有细菌回收(最佳结果);1意味着痕量污染(1至9个菌落);2意味着轻度污染(10至99个菌落);3意味着中度污染(>100个明显菌落);和4意味着重度污染。
表2
第1周结果
第2周结果
从上面的数据可以看出,包括具有碳酸银壳的胶囊的样品5在两周期间在所有条件下均表现最佳,甚至在第一周后,在加入1.0mL生物体后也没有显示细菌或真菌生长。与具有含无机银的壳的PCM相比,可商购的杀生物剂和在防止生长方面也没有那么有效。
这些胶囊可用于例如医护人员的纺织品、医院的涂料和涂层应用、和洁净室日托中心。包含容纳PCMs的微胶囊和教导如何在其中包括胶囊的纺织品的实例包括美国专利6,207,738、美国专利No.6,514,362、美国专利No.6,503,976以及文章S.Mondal,AppliedThermal Engineering,第28卷,第11-12期,2008年8月,第1536-1550页和G.Nelson,International Journal of Pharmaceutics,第242卷,第1-2期,2002年8月21日,第55-62页。包含容纳PCMs的微胶囊的涂料和涂层的实例包括美国专利No.7,377,968和No.7,938,897,其教导本领域技术人员如何将微胶囊包含在涂料和涂层中。
实施例6:
将2.5克离子表面活性剂诸如十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)溶解在300g去离子水中并且在搅拌下加热至34℃。将25克直径20μm的预成型标准胶囊作为湿滤饼加入到该溶液中,并且进行搅拌约1小时至2小时直到表面活性剂被缔合到胶囊壁的表面,由此形成第一中间体胶囊。对于该实施例,预成型标准胶囊具有十八烷PCM芯部和交联三聚氰胺聚合物壁。单独地,将5.5克氯化钙(CaCl2)溶解在350克去离子水中并且加热至34℃。然后将该溶液逐滴加入到包含第一中间体胶囊的溶液中,并且进行搅拌约1小时至2小时直到该金属被缔合到(被化学吸引/键合至)预成型胶囊表面上的表面活性剂,由此形成第二中间体胶囊。在单独的容器中,将25克5g/L氧化石墨烯水溶液与去离子水混合并且加热至34℃。然后将该溶液逐滴加入到包含第二中间体胶囊的溶液中。将整个溶液搅拌约1小时至3小时,直到氧化石墨烯经由如图10所示的与Ca2+离子的化学吸引/键合被缔合(化学吸引/键合)至胶囊的表面。将所得胶囊过滤并且用去离子水洗涤几次,并且随后测试大小、游离蜡的量、焓、相变温度的变化、达到10%重量损失时的温度、和导热系数。
从下面表3中显示的数据可以看出,以氧化石墨烯涂布的胶囊和没有附加涂层的胶囊两者均具有低游离芯部、高焓和高热稳定性。唯一大的区别是导热系数。没有氧化石墨烯的胶囊(样品A)具有0.599W/mK的导热系数,并且具有氧化石墨烯涂层的胶囊(样品B)具有0.845W/mK的导热系数。含氧化石墨烯的胶囊具有4%的氧化石墨烯,其通过具有氧化石墨烯的胶囊相比没有氧化石墨烯涂层的胶囊的焓损失进行计算。导热系数测量经由防护热板技术在22-24℃之间的温度进行。
表3:
电子设备的导热性研究
本文公开的无机涂布的PCMs的另一应用是作为用于电子设备的冷却产品。例如,诸如耳机的电子设备正变得更薄更小,并且伴随此具有引起大量热的可能。PCMs由于其大的熔融热(其可提高电子设备的热性能)具有作为散热器的应用,并且已知氧化石墨烯具有大的导热性,其就电子设备而言可有助于PCM的性能。用以包含石墨烯的一个选择是将石墨烯分散到PCM的有机芯部中;然而,这已经证明具有分散问题。
这里,通过本文公开的方法将氧化石墨烯,一种阴离子等价物,沉积到预成型标准胶囊的聚合物壁的外表面上。具体地,将根据实施例4制备的具有氧化石墨烯-Ca壳的胶囊如下包含到冷却粘贴物中:利用8-路径湿膜施加器将粘结剂、分散剂和带有氧化石墨烯-Ca壳化的胶囊的溶液涂布到具有压敏粘合剂的箔基底的与压敏粘合剂相对的一侧上。使溶液干燥。
通过将粘结剂和带有氧化石墨烯-Ca壳的胶囊以1:0.865的比例混合并且加入几滴分散剂以减少胶囊的凝聚来制备该溶液。所用的粘结剂是624丙烯酸聚合物乳剂并且分散剂是2g/L SDBS水溶液。
将冷却粘贴物粘附到手机,并且监测运行程序的速度和电池寿命。安卓应用AuTuTu被用于基准测试具有该标签和没有该标签的性能。具有包含氧化石墨烯-Ca壳的冷却粘贴物的手机相比没有该冷却粘贴物的手机表现得更好。首先,将氧化石墨烯与MF PCM胶囊和粘结剂混合形成糊状混合物,作为对照。其总氧化石墨烯含量为按质量计约3%。在该对照测试期间发现设备性能的平均增加是10.66%。接着,将氧化石墨烯-Ca涂布到MFPCM胶囊的表面;然后将涂布的胶囊与粘结剂混合。其总氧化石墨烯含量为按质量计约0.8%。发现利用氧化石墨烯-Ca涂布的胶囊的设备性能的平均增加是11.4%。这证明将氧化石墨烯施加到胶囊的表面提高了设备性能,甚至在使用少25%的氧化石墨烯材料时,其是更加成本有效的。
从对所得胶囊剂进行的许多研究中可以明显看出,各种无机壳将不同的有利特性附加到胶囊上。该特性取决于用于壳的固体的选择以及沉积以形成壳的固体的厚度(量)。例如,较厚的壳将导致胶囊较低的总焓,其对于胶囊的目的来说在某个阈值变得太低。因此,源于胶囊的芯部中存在相变材料的胶囊的焓值必须针对沉积到胶囊上的壳材料的选择和量进行平衡。由上述研究可见,用于壳的材料的选择可影响FIR吸收特性、阻燃特性、抗菌特性、和导热性、以及甚至其组合。
此外,因为壳材料不直接包封芯部材料,所以胶囊具有使芯部材料的泄漏最小化同时保持阻燃性、FIR吸收、抗细菌和抗真菌、和较高的导热特性的优势。此外,因为芯部材料由聚合物材料直接包封并且由无机材料间接包封,所以胶囊具有使芯部材料的泄漏最小化同时保持阻燃性、FIR吸收、抗细菌和抗真菌、和较高的导热特性的优势。
附图中所显示并且上面所描述的本发明的实施方式是可以在所附权利要求的范围内做出的许多实施方式的示范。预期微胶囊的许多其它配置可以通过利用所公开的制备微胶囊的两阶段聚合方法而产生。简而言之,申请人的意向是由此发布的专利的范围仅仅由所附权利要求的范围所限制。
Claims (36)
1.一种胶囊,其包括:
芯部组合物,所述芯部组合物被包封在聚合物壁内;和
无机壳,所述无机壳通过表面活性剂连接到所述聚合物壁的外表面,所述无机壳包括被吸引至所述表面活性剂的阳离子和化学键合到所述阳离子的阴离子或阴离子等价物、或者被吸引至所述表面活性剂的含金属化合物;
其中所述表面活性剂包括离子表面活性剂。
2.权利要求1所述的胶囊,其中所述芯部包括相变材料。
3.权利要求1所述的胶囊,其中所述阳离子选自由钙离子、银离子、镁离子、铁离子、铜离子和钴离子及其组合组成的组。
4.权利要求3所述的胶囊,其中所述阳离子是银离子,并且所述无机壳具有抗细菌生长和抗真菌生长的特性。
5.权利要求3所述的胶囊,其中所述无机壳使所述胶囊具有阻燃特性,其相比没有所述壳的胶囊使燃烧总质量百分数降低按质量计至少16%。
6.权利要求5所述的胶囊,其中所述无机壳使燃烧总质量百分数降低至少40%。
7.权利要求2所述的胶囊,其中全部或部分无机壳包括阳离子和阴离子,并且选自由CO3 -2、HPO4 -2、PO4 -3、SO4 -2、SO3 -2、OH-1、HSO4 -1、及其组合组成的组。
8.权利要求7所述的胶囊,其中所述无机壳的阴离子包括HPO4 -2、PO4 -3、SO4 -2、SO3 -2、HSO4 -1或其组合。
9.权利要求1所述的胶囊,其中所述无机壳包括包封所述聚合物壁的不连续壁或包封所述聚合物壁的连续壁。
10.权利要求1所述的胶囊,其中所述无机壳包括阳离子和阴离子等价物,其中所述阴离子等价物是氧化石墨烯。
11.权利要求10所述的胶囊,其中所述阳离子包括钙离子并且所述芯部包括相变材料。
12.权利要求10所述的胶囊,其中所述无机壳包括包封所述聚合物壁的不连续壁或包封所述聚合物壁的连续壁。
13.权利要求1所述的胶囊,其中所述无机壳包括被吸引至所述表面活性剂的所述含金属化合物,所述含金属化合物是金属氧化物或者金属氧化物-氢氧化物。
14.权利要求1所述的胶囊,其中所述聚合物壁包括三聚氰胺甲醛、明胶、交联三聚氰胺、间苯二酚脲甲醛或丙烯酸聚合物。
15.权利要求13所述的胶囊,其中所述聚合物壁包括交联三聚氰胺并且所述芯部包括相变材料,所述交联三聚氰胺包括与交联试剂聚合的三聚氰胺甲醛,所述交联试剂包括:
(a)环脲(U)和多官能醛(A)的反应产物,和
(b)选自由下列组成的组的至少一种交联剂
(bl)氨基三嗪和选自由脂族单醛和具有结构Y(CHO)n的多官能脂族醛组成的组中的至少一种醛的反应产物,其中Y是n-官能脂族残基,并且n大于1,其中如果交联剂(b)是(bl),则U不是二羟基乙烯脲,
(b2)脲和/或环脲和甲醛的反应产物,
(b3)烷氧基羰基氨基三嗪,
(b4)多官能异氰酸酯,所述多官能异氰酸酯可以是部分或全部嵌段的,
(b5)酚和脂族单醛的反应产物,
(b6)多官能环氧化物,
(b7)多官能氮杂环丙烷,
(b8)多官能碳二亚胺,
其中具有羟基的交联剂(a)和(b)中的任一种可以用一种或多种直链、支链或环状的脂族醇醚化。
16.一种表面处理胶囊的方法,所述方法包括:
提供包括包封在聚合物壁内的芯部组合物的胶囊;
将包括离子表面活性剂的水性表面活性剂和所述胶囊混合在一起,其中所述表面活性剂附接至所述聚合物壁的外表面以形成表面活性剂-胶囊中间体;
首先,将水性阳离子加入到所述表面活性剂-胶囊中间体中以形成其中所述阳离子与所述表面活性剂缔合的第二中间体胶囊,或者将悬浮、可溶或溶解在水中的含金属化合物加入到所述表面活性剂-胶囊中间体中以形成无机固体作为所述胶囊的外壳;和
当形成所述第二中间体胶囊时,将水性阴离子或阴离子等价物加入到所述第二中间体胶囊中以化学键合至阳离子并且形成无机固体作为所述胶囊的外壳。
17.权利要求16所述的方法,其进一步包括在与所述水性表面活性剂混合之前形成所述胶囊。
18.权利要求16所述的方法,其中所述壳是不连续外壳。
19.权利要求16所述的方法,其中所述芯部包括相变材料。
20.权利要求19所述的方法,其中所述阳离子选自由钙离子、银离子、镁离子、及其组合组成的组。
21.权利要求19所述的方法,其中所述壳包括阳离子和阴离子,并且选自由CO3 -2、HPO4 -2、PO4 -3、SO4 -2、SO3 -2、OH-1、HSO4 -1、及其组合组成的组。
22.权利要求16所述的方法,其中所述壳包括阳离子和阴离子等价物,其中所述阴离子等价物是氧化石墨烯。
23.权利要求16所述的方法,其中所述含金属化合物在所述加入步骤期间加入,所述含金属化合物是金属氧化物或者金属氧化物-氢氧化物。
24.权利要求16所述的方法,其中所述聚合物壁包括三聚氰胺甲醛、明胶、交联三聚氰胺、间苯二酚脲甲醛或丙烯酸聚合物。
25.一种制品,其包括:
包含在其中的胶囊,所述胶囊包括:
芯部组合物,所述芯部组合物被包封在聚合物壁内;和
无机壳,所述无机壳通过表面活性剂连接到所述聚合物壁的外表面,所述无机壳包括被吸引至所述表面活性剂的阳离子和化学键合至所述阳离子的阴离子或阴离子等价物、或者被吸引至所述表面活性剂的含金属化合物;
其中所述表面活性剂包括离子表面活性剂。
26.权利要求25所述的制品,其中所述无机壳包括阳离子和阴离子等价物,其中所述阴离子等价物是氧化石墨烯。
27.权利要求26所述的制品,其中所述制品是用于电子设备的冷却装置,所述冷却装置包括基底以及施加于所述基底上的涂层,所述涂层包括在其中分散的多个所述胶囊。
28.权利要求27所述的制品,其中所述基底包括位于所述基底上与所述涂层相对的表面上的粘合剂层,并且所述无机壳包括每个微胶囊至少1g的石墨烯,并且所述微胶囊使所述电子设备的平均性能增加至少10%。
29.权利要求25所述的制品,其中所述芯部包括相变材料,并且所述阳离子选自由钙离子、银离子、镁离子、铁离子、铜离子、和钴离子、及其组合组成的组;其中所述胶囊具有阻燃特性,其相比没有所述壳的胶囊使燃烧总质量百分数降低按质量计至少16%。
30.权利要求29所述的制品,其中所述无机壳使燃烧总质量百分数降低至少40%。
31.权利要求29所述的制品,其中所述制品是建筑材料。
32.权利要求25所述的制品,其中所述制品是太阳能电池,所述芯部包括相变材料,所述无机壳包括所述阳离子和所述阴离子选自由HPO4 -2、PO4 -3、SO4 -2、SO3 -2、HSO4 -1、及其组合组成的组。
33.权利要求25所述的制品,其中所述制品是纺织织物或纺织材料;其中所述阳离子是银离子并且所述无机壳具有抗细菌生长和抗真菌生长的特性。
34.一种组合物质,其包括:
用可扩展介质分散的多个胶囊,所述多个胶囊包括:
芯部组合物,所述芯部组合物被包封在聚合物壁内;和
无机壳,所述无机壳通过表面活性剂连接到所述聚合物壁的外表面,所述无机壳包括被吸引至所述表面活性剂的阳离子和化学键合至所述阳离子的阴离子或阴离子等价物、或者被吸引至所述表面活性剂的含金属化合物;
其中所述表面活性剂包括离子表面活性剂。
35.权利要求34所述的组合物质,其中所述阳离子是银离子,并且所述无机壳具有抗细菌生长和抗真菌生长的特性。
36.权利要求34所述的组合物质,其中所述可扩展介质是涂料或涂层。
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201662360672P | 2016-07-11 | 2016-07-11 | |
US62/360,672 | 2016-07-11 | ||
US201662419325P | 2016-11-08 | 2016-11-08 | |
US62/419,325 | 2016-11-08 | ||
PCT/US2017/041502 WO2018013544A1 (en) | 2016-07-11 | 2017-07-11 | Capsules having surfactant tethered outer shells and methods for making same |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN109475834A true CN109475834A (zh) | 2019-03-15 |
CN109475834B CN109475834B (zh) | 2020-08-07 |
Family
ID=60892704
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201780042274.9A Expired - Fee Related CN109475834B (zh) | 2016-07-11 | 2017-07-11 | 具有表面活性剂系留的外壳的胶囊和其制备方法 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (3) | US10316199B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP3481545B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP6821782B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR102225007B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN109475834B (zh) |
WO (2) | WO2018013547A1 (zh) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN110330848A (zh) * | 2019-07-13 | 2019-10-15 | 武汉中科先进技术研究院有限公司 | 一种水性环保防霉控温型建筑涂料及其制备方法 |
CN110523352A (zh) * | 2019-09-06 | 2019-12-03 | 东华大学 | 一种抗菌相变微胶囊及其制备方法 |
CN115521503A (zh) * | 2022-11-29 | 2022-12-27 | 江苏港虹纤维有限公司 | 一种阻燃添加剂及其制备方法和应用 |
Families Citing this family (32)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2018013547A1 (en) * | 2016-07-11 | 2018-01-18 | Microtek Laboratories, Inc. | Microcapsules having dual reagents separated by the capsule wall and methods for making same |
US11135561B2 (en) | 2016-12-22 | 2021-10-05 | Firmenich Sa | Microcapsules having a mineral layer |
US10561182B2 (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2020-02-18 | Microtek Laboratories, Inc. | Moisture wicking and cooling capsules having an outer shell comprising a siloxane and methods for making same |
WO2019094194A1 (en) * | 2017-10-24 | 2019-05-16 | Microtek Laboratories, Inc. | Microcapsules having dual reagents for forming a self-healing material separated by the capsule wall and methods for making same |
CN108048045B (zh) * | 2017-11-28 | 2021-02-26 | 大连理工大学 | 一种导热增强有机复合定形相变材料及其制备方法 |
CN108525618B (zh) * | 2018-04-09 | 2020-11-06 | 西北工业大学 | 一种双壁室微胶囊的制备方法 |
CN108854878B (zh) * | 2018-06-28 | 2021-02-09 | 南昌大学 | 一种癸酸微胶囊及其制备方法 |
EP3824061B1 (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2023-03-29 | Unilever Global IP Limited | Benefit agent delivery particles |
EP3824062B1 (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2023-08-30 | Unilever Global IP Limited | Benefit agent delivery particles |
CN110862804A (zh) * | 2018-08-28 | 2020-03-06 | 齐鲁工业大学 | 一种具有内部热通道的相变材料微胶囊及其制备方法 |
US11067343B2 (en) * | 2018-10-25 | 2021-07-20 | Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. | Thermal compensation layers with core-shell phase change particles and power electronics assemblies incorporating the same |
CN109663549B (zh) * | 2018-12-03 | 2022-02-22 | 南京工业大学 | 一种石墨烯微胶囊的制备方法 |
CN109701462B (zh) * | 2018-12-14 | 2021-06-01 | 浙江大学 | 生物基紫外防护和耐候的核壳型微纳颗粒 |
CN109852350B (zh) * | 2019-01-28 | 2021-08-10 | 长安大学 | 一种双层相变微胶囊及制备方法和其应用 |
CN109908932B (zh) * | 2019-02-25 | 2020-05-05 | 苏斌 | 一种甲醇燃烧的催化相变介质球及其制备方法 |
CN110205009A (zh) * | 2019-05-29 | 2019-09-06 | 张家港市天源制漆涂装有限公司 | 一种水性丙烯酸聚氨酯中间漆及其制备方法 |
CN110157386B (zh) * | 2019-06-12 | 2020-07-07 | 北京科技大学 | 一种具有高导热性能的金属银壳复合相变胶囊的制备方法 |
MX2022009376A (es) | 2020-01-31 | 2022-09-07 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Espumas de poliuretano recubiertas. |
CN115335091A (zh) | 2020-04-09 | 2022-11-11 | 陶氏环球技术有限责任公司 | 经涂覆的海绵 |
US20210338717A1 (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2021-11-04 | The Governing Council Of The University Of Toronto | Nanoparticle delivery to a target tissue |
KR102626534B1 (ko) * | 2020-06-03 | 2024-01-17 | 김종우 | 방염 코팅용 조성물 및 이를 이용한 방염 코팅 방법 |
US11599166B2 (en) * | 2020-07-16 | 2023-03-07 | Lenovo (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. | Shape-memory heat absorbers |
CN114525110A (zh) * | 2020-10-31 | 2022-05-24 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种无机囊壁相变微胶囊及其制备方法和应用 |
CN113334611B (zh) * | 2021-03-26 | 2022-08-09 | 上犹京禾纳米科技有限公司 | 一种纳米铜抗菌抗病毒熔喷布母粒制造方法及应用 |
CN113105871A (zh) * | 2021-04-09 | 2021-07-13 | 中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所 | 一种具有仿生结构的相变储热材料及其制备方法和应用 |
CN114420458B (zh) * | 2021-12-21 | 2023-06-09 | 深圳大学 | 柔性电极及其制备方法、柔性超级电容器 |
WO2023167831A1 (en) | 2022-03-03 | 2023-09-07 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Coated polyurethane foams |
CN114890740B (zh) * | 2022-05-10 | 2023-05-23 | 北京工业大学 | 一种基于金属-有机三壳层相变微胶囊的水泥基储热调温复合材料的制备方法 |
CN115322613B (zh) * | 2022-08-23 | 2023-04-07 | 南京工业大学 | 一种生物基微胶囊及其制备方法与应用 |
CN115558471A (zh) * | 2022-11-29 | 2023-01-03 | 广州纳诺新材料技术有限公司 | 一种相变微胶囊、高安全性锂电池复合正极及其制备方法 |
WO2024130549A1 (en) | 2022-12-20 | 2024-06-27 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Artificial leather with cool surface feature |
KR102633115B1 (ko) * | 2023-03-09 | 2024-02-02 | 김관수 | 마이크로캡슐 분말을 이용한 자가치유 방수공법 |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101555401A (zh) * | 2008-04-10 | 2009-10-14 | 中国科学院化学研究所 | 有机相变储能材料的微胶囊及其制备方法 |
US20100087115A1 (en) * | 2008-10-08 | 2010-04-08 | Microtek Laboratories, Inc. | Microencapsulation of a phase change material with enhanced flame resistance |
Family Cites Families (37)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6207738B1 (en) | 1994-06-14 | 2001-03-27 | Outlast Technologies, Inc. | Fabric coating composition containing energy absorbing phase change material |
JPH10502137A (ja) | 1994-06-14 | 1998-02-24 | ゲイトウェイ・テクノロジーズ・インコーポレーテッド | エネルギ吸収性の布コーティング及び製造方法 |
US6099864A (en) * | 1994-12-02 | 2000-08-08 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | In situ activation of microcapsules |
US6075072A (en) | 1998-03-13 | 2000-06-13 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Latent coating for metal surface repair |
US6518330B2 (en) | 2001-02-13 | 2003-02-11 | Board Of Trustees Of University Of Illinois | Multifunctional autonomically healing composite material |
US6611154B2 (en) | 2001-07-02 | 2003-08-26 | International Rectifier Corporation | Circuit for improving noise immunity by DV/DT boosting |
JP2005512803A (ja) | 2001-12-27 | 2005-05-12 | ポリクロム カンパニー リミテッド | 銀ナノ粒子含有の機能性マイクロカプセルの製造方法 |
US7115764B2 (en) | 2002-08-07 | 2006-10-03 | Wm. Marsh Rice University | Mechanical shear based synthesis of alumoxane nanoparticles |
US20040258760A1 (en) * | 2003-03-20 | 2004-12-23 | Wheatley Margaret A. | Isolated nanocapsule populations and surfactant-stabilized microcapsules and nanocapsules for diagnostic imaging and drug delivery and methods for their production |
KR101253065B1 (ko) * | 2004-09-14 | 2013-04-11 | 마이크로텍 라보라토리즈, 인코포레이티드 | 살생제 및 방오제의 미세캡슐화 |
US9227221B2 (en) * | 2005-09-19 | 2016-01-05 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Hydrophilic-core microcapsules and their formation |
US7442439B2 (en) * | 2005-12-28 | 2008-10-28 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Microencapsulated heat delivery vehicles |
BRPI0700482B1 (pt) | 2006-03-16 | 2017-04-04 | Rohm & Haas | composição de revestimento |
US7530532B2 (en) * | 2006-07-03 | 2009-05-12 | Keith Peter Watts | Counterweight based rocket launch platform |
IL176693A0 (en) * | 2006-07-04 | 2006-10-31 | Aharon Eyal | Stable suspensions containing microcapsules and methods for the preparation thereof |
US7919184B2 (en) | 2006-08-21 | 2011-04-05 | Mohapatra Satish C | Hybrid nanoparticles |
US8968699B2 (en) * | 2007-11-15 | 2015-03-03 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Switchable nano-vehicle delivery systems, and methods for making and using them |
US8557382B2 (en) | 2009-05-19 | 2013-10-15 | Southwest Research Institute | Layer by layer modification of microcapsules with inorganic materials |
EP2253308A1 (en) * | 2009-05-22 | 2010-11-24 | Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München | Pharmaceutical composition comprising microbubbles for targeted tumor therapy |
US20120277573A1 (en) * | 2009-12-24 | 2012-11-01 | Chang Andy Y | Ultrasound-activated nanoparticles as imaging agents and drug delivery vehicles |
EP2392543A1 (en) * | 2010-06-02 | 2011-12-07 | Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. | Feedback active coatings with sensitive containers based on nano-, micro-, mini-, and macroemulsions of direct or reversed type |
US9102080B2 (en) * | 2010-09-01 | 2015-08-11 | Reg Synthetic Fuels, Llc | Low cost process for manufacture of form-stable phase change material |
US9315710B2 (en) * | 2010-09-01 | 2016-04-19 | Reg Synthetic Fuels, Llc | Plastic phase change material and articles made therefrom |
FR2973806B1 (fr) * | 2011-04-08 | 2015-11-13 | Air Liquide | Particule d'un materiau a changement de phase avec couche d'enrobage |
WO2013012907A2 (en) | 2011-07-18 | 2013-01-24 | University Of South Florida | Method of encapsulating a phase change material with a metal oxide |
US8829082B2 (en) * | 2012-05-29 | 2014-09-09 | International Business Machines Corporation | Self-healing material with orthogonally functional capsules |
GB201210156D0 (en) * | 2012-06-08 | 2012-07-25 | Imerys Minerals Ltd | Microcapsules |
US8587945B1 (en) | 2012-07-27 | 2013-11-19 | Outlast Technologies Llc | Systems structures and materials for electronic device cooling |
US9605162B2 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2017-03-28 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Corrosion inhibiting compositions and methods of making and using |
KR20150143732A (ko) * | 2013-04-15 | 2015-12-23 | 바스프 에스이 | 코어 내의 하나 이상의 활성 및/또는 유효 물질 및 멜라민-포름알데히드 수지의 쉘을 갖는 마이크로스피어를 포함하는 멜라민-포름알데히드 폼 |
CA2929691C (en) | 2013-11-18 | 2023-04-18 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Self-healing polymeric composition |
WO2015085141A1 (en) | 2013-12-06 | 2015-06-11 | Microtek Laboratories, Inc. | Microcapsules having acrylic polymeric shells |
US9676927B2 (en) | 2014-04-09 | 2017-06-13 | The Shepherd Color Company | Core-shell composite inorganic metal oxides and method of preparing for prevention of thermal oxidative degradation in polymer and resin compositions |
CN105981344B (zh) | 2014-04-18 | 2019-10-25 | 华为技术有限公司 | 一种导频发送方法、信道估计方法和装置 |
EP3302443A4 (en) * | 2015-06-01 | 2019-02-13 | The Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania | MECHANO SENSITIVE MICRO CAPSULES FOR DRUG DELIVERY |
WO2017146896A1 (en) | 2016-02-26 | 2017-08-31 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Lubricant compositions containing controlled release additives |
WO2018013547A1 (en) * | 2016-07-11 | 2018-01-18 | Microtek Laboratories, Inc. | Microcapsules having dual reagents separated by the capsule wall and methods for making same |
-
2017
- 2017-07-11 WO PCT/US2017/041505 patent/WO2018013547A1/en active Application Filing
- 2017-07-11 CN CN201780042274.9A patent/CN109475834B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2017-07-11 US US15/646,421 patent/US10316199B2/en active Active
- 2017-07-11 KR KR1020197000476A patent/KR102225007B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2017-07-11 WO PCT/US2017/041502 patent/WO2018013544A1/en unknown
- 2017-07-11 US US15/646,478 patent/US10221323B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2017-07-11 EP EP17828290.1A patent/EP3481545B1/en active Active
- 2017-07-11 JP JP2019500841A patent/JP6821782B2/ja active Active
-
2019
- 2019-02-01 US US16/265,486 patent/US10907054B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101555401A (zh) * | 2008-04-10 | 2009-10-14 | 中国科学院化学研究所 | 有机相变储能材料的微胶囊及其制备方法 |
US20100087115A1 (en) * | 2008-10-08 | 2010-04-08 | Microtek Laboratories, Inc. | Microencapsulation of a phase change material with enhanced flame resistance |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
LIN PAN ET AL.: "Preparation, characterization and thermal properties of micro-encapsulated phase change materials", 《SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS & SOLAR CELLS》 * |
SHIYU YU ET AL.: "Microencaosulation of n-octadecane phase change material with calcium carbonate shell for enhancement of thermal conductivity and serving durability:synthesis,microstructure,and performance evaluation", 《APPLIED ENERGY》 * |
YUE LONG ET AL.: "organic-inorganic double shell composite microcapsules", 《CHEMCOMM》 * |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN110330848A (zh) * | 2019-07-13 | 2019-10-15 | 武汉中科先进技术研究院有限公司 | 一种水性环保防霉控温型建筑涂料及其制备方法 |
CN110523352A (zh) * | 2019-09-06 | 2019-12-03 | 东华大学 | 一种抗菌相变微胶囊及其制备方法 |
CN115521503A (zh) * | 2022-11-29 | 2022-12-27 | 江苏港虹纤维有限公司 | 一种阻燃添加剂及其制备方法和应用 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20190161626A1 (en) | 2019-05-30 |
JP2019528159A (ja) | 2019-10-10 |
EP3481545B1 (en) | 2021-02-24 |
CN109475834B (zh) | 2020-08-07 |
US20180009996A1 (en) | 2018-01-11 |
US10316199B2 (en) | 2019-06-11 |
US20180010013A1 (en) | 2018-01-11 |
US10221323B2 (en) | 2019-03-05 |
EP3481545A4 (en) | 2020-02-26 |
KR102225007B1 (ko) | 2021-03-08 |
WO2018013547A1 (en) | 2018-01-18 |
KR20190028424A (ko) | 2019-03-18 |
WO2018013544A1 (en) | 2018-01-18 |
JP6821782B2 (ja) | 2021-01-27 |
EP3481545A1 (en) | 2019-05-15 |
US10907054B2 (en) | 2021-02-02 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN109475834A (zh) | 具有表面活性剂系留的外壳的胶囊和其制备方法 | |
Zhang et al. | Design and synthesis of multifunctional microencapsulated phase change materials with silver/silica double-layered shell for thermal energy storage, electrical conduction and antimicrobial effectiveness | |
Sun et al. | Innovative design of superhydrophobic thermal energy-storage materials by microencapsulation of n-docosane with nanostructured ZnO/SiO2 shell | |
Liu et al. | Innovative design of microencapsulated phase change materials for thermal energy storage and versatile applications: a review | |
Cao et al. | Immobilization of laccase on phase-change microcapsules as self-thermoregulatory enzyme carrier for biocatalytic enhancement | |
Chandel et al. | Review of current state of research on energy storage, toxicity, health hazards and commercialization of phase changing materials | |
Li et al. | Fabrication of multifunctional microcapsules containing n-eicosane core and zinc oxide shell for low-temperature energy storage, photocatalysis, and antibiosis | |
Liu et al. | Tailoring of bifunctional microencapsulated phase change materials with CdS/SiO2 double-layered shell for solar photocatalysis and solar thermal energy storage | |
EP1100342B1 (en) | Gel-coated microcapsules | |
CN103370104B (zh) | 自激发式消防剂 | |
Daou et al. | Structural, morphological and thermal properties of novel hybrid-microencapsulated phase change materials based on Fe2O3, ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles for latent heat thermal energy storage applications | |
Fu et al. | Characterization and thermal performance of microencapsulated sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate as phase change material for thermal energy storage | |
CN107779173A (zh) | 一种提高储热性能的微胶囊及其组合物成型体 | |
Karthikeyan et al. | Review of thermal energy storage of micro-and nanoencapsulated phase change materials | |
CN105238361A (zh) | 一种基于银/二氧化硅双层壁材的多功能微胶囊相变材料及其制备方法 | |
WO2015025529A1 (ja) | 硬殻マイクロカプセル化潜熱輸送物質とその製造方法 | |
Pasarkar et al. | A review on the micro-encapsulation of phase change materials: classification, study of synthesis technique and their applications | |
CN103500622A (zh) | 磁性无机纳米粒/有序介孔二氧化硅核壳复合微球及其制备方法 | |
BR112013020255A2 (pt) | sal revestido com nanopartículas | |
Cai et al. | Morphology-controllable paraffin@ lead tungstate microcapsules for gamma radiation shielding and thermal energy storage | |
CN104804474A (zh) | 一种双包覆氢氧化镁阻燃剂及其制备方法 | |
CN112169010A (zh) | 一种卫生用品及其制备方法 | |
Weng et al. | Development and applications of multifunctional microencapsulated PCMs: A comprehensive review | |
Liu et al. | Fluorescence and thermal regulation using low-supercooling inorganic microencapsulated phase-change materials | |
Liu et al. | Preparation and characterization of ZnO/SiO2@ n-octadecane nanocapsule for ultraviolet absorbing and photothermal conversion energy storage |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | ||
CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20200807 Termination date: 20210711 |