CN109473698B - Heat utilization method of methanol reforming fuel cell - Google Patents
Heat utilization method of methanol reforming fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN109473698B CN109473698B CN201910016156.1A CN201910016156A CN109473698B CN 109473698 B CN109473698 B CN 109473698B CN 201910016156 A CN201910016156 A CN 201910016156A CN 109473698 B CN109473698 B CN 109473698B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
- H01M8/04074—Heat exchange unit structures specially adapted for fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04417—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow of the coolant
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- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
- H01M8/0618—Reforming processes, e.g. autothermal, partial oxidation or steam reforming
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Abstract
The invention discloses a heat utilization method of a methanol reforming fuel cell, wherein a heat utilization system corresponding to the heat utilization method of the methanol reforming fuel cell consists of a galvanic pile, a quantifying device, a reforming chamber, a proportional valve and a fuel tank, and the heat utilization method of the methanol reforming fuel cell specifically comprises the following steps: s1, firstly connecting a circulating medium inlet of a galvanic pile with a water outlet of a quantifying device through a liquid guide pipe, and connecting a circulating medium outlet of the galvanic pile with a water inlet of a cooling device through the liquid guide pipe. According to the heat utilization method of the methanol reforming fuel cell, the mixed solution of methanol and water is used as the heat dissipation medium of the electric pile, so that the number of components of a heat dissipation circulation system of the electric pile is reduced, the use of other circulation mediums is avoided, the methanol vapor after heat dissipation of the electric pile can be directly introduced into a reforming chamber, and the heat absorption process required for changing the mixed solution of the methanol and the water into the methanol vapor is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a heat utilization method of a methanol reforming fuel cell.
Background
The technical route adopted by the methanol reforming fuel cell is that the methanol reforming hydrogen production fuel cell is one of proton exchange membrane fuel cells, the technical principle is that a steam reforming method is adopted to convert hydrogen carried by methanol and water into hydrogen in a reforming chamber, then the hydrogen is introduced into a galvanic pile, so that electrochemical reaction between the hydrogen and oxygen is carried out in the galvanic pile to convert the electrochemical reaction into electric energy, and mixed steam of the methanol and the water is required to be reformed into the hydrogen under the catalysis of a catalyst in the reforming chamber under the high temperature condition, and the reaction is an endothermic reaction, so that a large amount of heat is required to be absorbed from the outside; when the electric pile works normally, the hydrogen and the oxygen generated by the reforming chamber generate electrochemical reaction in the electric pile to generate electricity, and a large amount of heat is released, so that the released heat needs to be timely dissipated outside the electric pile through a heat dissipation medium, the phenomenon that the heat in the electric pile exceeds the optimal temperature to influence the electricity generation efficiency is avoided, and even the electric pile is irreversibly damaged due to heat accumulation in the electric pile.
At present, the block of the methanol-water reforming system and the electric pile power generation system has the following defects: the mixed solution of methanol and water needs to be changed into methanol vapor firstly, which is an endothermic process, and a great amount of heat in the reforming chamber needs to be absorbed; the reforming hydrogen production reaction process of the methanol vapor is also an endothermic reaction, absorbs a large amount of heat in the reforming chamber, and needs the reforming chamber to provide a large amount of stable heat; the heat source provided by the reforming chamber is stable, reliable and controllable, so that the control difficulty of the heat source and the heat control difficulty are increased; the heat dissipation of the electric pile needs to be supported by a circulating system, the circulating system consists of a circulating power device, an electric pile runner, a heat dissipation device, a circulating medium and other parts, the number of electric pile accessories is increased, meanwhile, the occupied volume is large, the complexity of the system is increased by the circulating system, and meanwhile, a large amount of system control resources are needed to be occupied for controlling the part of the system, so that the control difficulty is increased; when the circulating medium of the galvanic pile is selected, the physical and chemical properties of the circulating medium are considered, the circulating medium has good fluidity at low temperature, is not easy to volatilize, has good thermal stability, cannot generate scorching at high temperature, has good temperature rising performance, and thus increases the difficulty of selecting the circulating medium and has higher cost; the heat dissipated by the galvanic pile is directly dissipated into the air, and the heat is difficult to reuse; the methanol-water reforming system and the electric pile power generation system are independent of each other except that the reformed hydrogen is introduced into the electric pile, and the control system needs to control the two systems respectively, so that the control difficulty is increased, and the control system resources are occupied.
Disclosure of Invention
(one) solving the technical problems
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a heat utilization method of a methanol reforming fuel cell, which is used for solving the defect of high difficulty in controlling the heat of a reforming chamber in a traditional methanol-water reforming system and a galvanic pile power generation system; the mixed solution of methanol and water is used as a heat dissipation medium of the electric pile, so that the number of components of a heat dissipation circulation system of the electric pile is reduced, and the volume of the system is reduced; the circulating medium is the same as the fuel of the whole system, so that the use of other circulating mediums is avoided, and the cost of the system is reduced; the method also connects the electric pile with the reforming chamber, fully utilizes the waste heat of the electric pile reaction, improves the integral utilization rate and reduces the energy loss.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the heat utilization system corresponding to the methanol reforming fuel cell heat utilization method consists of a galvanic pile, a quantifying device, a reforming chamber, a proportional valve, a cooling device and a fuel tank, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, firstly connecting a circulating medium inlet of a galvanic pile with a water outlet of a quantifying device through a liquid guide pipe, connecting a circulating medium outlet of the galvanic pile with a water inlet of a cooling device through the liquid guide pipe, installing a proportional valve in the liquid guide pipe between the galvanic pile and the cooling device, and then connecting an output port of the proportional valve with an air inlet of a reforming chamber through a gas guide pipe;
s2, connecting an air outlet of the reforming chamber with a hydrogen inlet of a galvanic pile through an air duct, simultaneously connecting a water outlet of the cooling device with a liquid inlet of a fuel tank through a liquid guide pipe, connecting a liquid outlet of the fuel tank with a liquid inlet of a quantifying device through the liquid guide pipe, and then connecting an air inlet pipe with an air inlet pipe of the galvanic pile, so that the pipeline connection and the installation of all parts of the whole heat utilization system can be completed;
s3, when the electric pile works normally, the methanol water solution in the fuel tank is sprayed into the electric pile through the quantifying device, the methanol water solution is vaporized into methanol water vapor to take away heat released by the electric pile reaction, and the temperature in the electric pile is maintained within the optimal temperature range of the electric pile reaction, namely 160-180 ℃;
and S4, distributing the methanol vapor vaporized in the step S3 into two parts by a proportional valve device, wherein one part enters a reforming chamber, hydrogen generated after reforming is introduced into a pile for reaction, and the other part returns to a fuel tank by a cooling device to circularly and reciprocally work.
Preferably, the liquid guide pipe between the fuel tank and the quantifying device is filled with a methanol water solution, and the liquid guide pipe between the quantifying device and the galvanic pile is filled with the methanol water solution.
Preferably, the amount of the methanol vapor entering the reforming chamber during the reaction in the steps S3 and S4 is precisely calculated, the amount of the methanol vapor entering the reforming chamber is reversely calculated by calculating the amount of the hydrogen gas required by the galvanic pile and the conversion efficiency in the reforming chamber, and then the amount of the methanol vapor entering the reforming chamber is precisely controlled by a precisely controlled proportional valve.
Preferably, the proportional valve is a three-way valve, and the proportional valve has three pipe connection ports, and can discharge the methanol vapor discharged from the electric pile into the reforming chamber and the cooling device in proportion.
Preferably, hydrogen is introduced into the gas guide pipe between the reforming chamber and the electric pile, and the gas which is introduced into the gas inlet pipe communicated with the electric pile air inlet of the electric pile is air.
Preferably, the liquid guide pipe between the cooling device and the fuel tank is filled with a methanol water solution obtained by liquefying methanol vapor.
Preferably, a first vapor monitoring component is arranged on the liquid guide pipe between the galvanic pile and the proportional valve; a second steam monitoring component is arranged on the gas guide pipe between the reforming chamber and the proportional valve; a third steam monitoring component is arranged on the liquid guide pipe between the cooling device and the proportional valve;
the first vapor monitoring component is used for monitoring the flow of the methanol vapor between the electric pile and the proportional valve;
the second steam monitoring component is used for monitoring the flow rate of the methanol steam between the reforming chamber and the proportional valve;
the third vapor monitoring component is used for monitoring the flow of the methanol vapor between the cooling device and the proportional valve;
the first vapor monitoring assembly, the second vapor monitoring assembly and the third vapor monitoring assembly are respectively provided with a first communication element, a second communication element and a third communication element which are corresponding to each other and are used for transmitting vapor monitoring data measured by the vapor monitoring assemblies to a background management center;
the background management center is used for receiving the steam monitoring data transmitted by the communication element, processing and calculating the received steam monitoring data, judging whether the proportional valve is abnormal or not, and triggering the alarm device if the proportional valve is abnormal; the alarm device is electrically connected with the background management center and comprises an audible and visual alarm.
Preferably, the first vapor monitoring assembly, the second vapor monitoring assembly and the third vapor monitoring assembly comprise an intelligent vapor meter;
the intelligent steam meter comprises a steam flow monitoring module, a control valve control module, an early warning module and an early warning return module; the vapor flow monitoring module, the control valve control module, the early warning module and the early warning return module are all connected with the communication element; the control valve control module is connected with the control valve; the control valve is arranged on the liquid guide pipe/the air guide pipe;
the steam flow monitoring module is used for monitoring the flow of the methanol steam in the liquid guide pipe or the air guide pipe in real time, displaying the monitored steam flow data through a display screen of the intelligent steam meter, and transmitting the monitored steam flow data to the background management center through the communication element;
the vapor flow monitoring module is also used for transmitting an early warning signal to the early warning module when the vapor flow data are abnormal; the early warning module is used for transmitting a control valve closing signal to the control valve control module after receiving the early warning signal transmitted by the vapor flow monitoring module, and transmitting the control valve closing signal and the early warning signal to the background management center through the communication element; the control valve control module is used for receiving a control valve closing signal transmitted by the early warning module or closing the control valve after receiving a control valve closing instruction transmitted by the management center; the control valve control module is also used for receiving a control valve opening signal transmitted by the early warning return module or opening a control valve after receiving a control valve opening instruction transmitted by the background management center; the early warning return module is used for transmitting a control valve opening signal to the control valve control module, and transmitting the control valve opening signal and the early warning releasing signal to the background management center through the communication element.
Preferably, the vapor flow data includes a vapor period average flow, a vapor valley flow, and a vapor peak flow;
the abnormal steam flow data means that tiny steam flow continuously occurs for a long time or the steam flow data instantaneously exceeds the rated flow value of the intelligent steam table.
Preferably, the communication element comprises a data transmission unit DTU means and a general packet radio service GPRS means.
(III) beneficial effects
The invention provides a heat utilization method of a methanol reforming fuel cell. Compared with the prior art, the method has the following beneficial effects: the heat utilization method of the methanol reforming fuel cell comprises the following steps of: s1, connecting a circulating medium inlet of a galvanic pile with a water outlet of a quantifying device through a liquid guide pipe, connecting a circulating medium outlet of the galvanic pile with a water inlet of a cooling device through the liquid guide pipe, S2, connecting an air outlet of a reforming chamber with a galvanic pile hydrogen inlet of the galvanic pile through a gas guide pipe, simultaneously connecting a water outlet of the cooling device with a liquid inlet of a fuel tank through the liquid guide pipe, connecting a liquid outlet of the fuel tank with a liquid inlet of the quantifying device through the liquid guide pipe, S3, when the galvanic pile works normally, injecting a methanol aqueous solution in the fuel tank into the galvanic pile through the quantifying device, vaporizing the methanol aqueous solution into the methanol aqueous solution to take away heat released by the galvanic pile reaction, maintaining the temperature in the galvanic pile within an optimal temperature range of the galvanic pile reaction, namely 160-180 ℃, S4, distributing the methanol aqueous vapor vaporized in S3 into two parts through a proportional valve device, part of the methanol vapor enters the reforming chamber, hydrogen is produced after reforming and then is introduced into the electric pile for reaction, the other part of the methanol vapor returns to the fuel tank through the cooling device, so that the fuel tank is circularly operated, the two systems of the methanol-water reforming system and the electric pile power generation system are combined together, when the electric pile normally operates, the mixed solution of the methanol and the water is quantitatively sprayed into the electric pile by the quantifying device for heat dissipation of the electric pile, the vaporized methanol vapor passes through the proportioning valve device, the vaporized methanol vapor is distributed according to a certain proportion, the part of the methanol vapor is used as the hydrogen production reaction raw material of the reforming chamber, the heat absorption process required by changing the mixed solution of the methanol and the water into the methanol vapor is saved, the reformed hydrogen is introduced into the electric pile for reaction with oxygen, the other part of the vaporized methanol vapor returns to the fuel tank through the cooling device for recycling, the mixed solution of methanol and water is used as a heat dissipation medium of the electric pile, the number of components of the heat dissipation circulation system of the electric pile is reduced, the volume is obviously reduced, the use of other circulation mediums is avoided through the same circulation medium as the fuel of the whole system, the cost is reduced, the methanol vapor after the heat dissipation of the electric pile can be directly introduced into a reforming chamber, the heat absorption process of the methanol vapor is reduced, the mixed solution of the methanol and the water is changed into a reforming hydrogen production reaction of the methanol vapor by two reactions, the heat production and the heat absorption capacity of the reforming chamber are reduced, the heat source control difficulty and the heat control difficulty provided by the reforming chamber are obviously reduced, meanwhile, the mixed solution of the methanol and the water is used as the fuel to be used as the circulation heat dissipation medium, one object is multipurpose, and the fuel tank can be reused after being cooled, the utilization efficiency is improved, the waste heat of the electric pile reaction is fully utilized, the whole utilization rate of the electric pile is improved, and the energy consumption is reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the heat utilization system of the methanol reforming fuel cell of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the embodiment of the invention provides a technical scheme: the heat utilization system corresponding to the methanol reforming fuel cell heat utilization method consists of a galvanic pile, a quantifying device, a reforming chamber, a proportional valve, a cooling device and a fuel tank, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, firstly connecting a circulating medium inlet of a galvanic pile with a water outlet of a quantifying device through a liquid guide pipe, connecting a circulating medium outlet of the galvanic pile with a water inlet of a cooling device through the liquid guide pipe, installing a proportional valve in the liquid guide pipe between the galvanic pile and the cooling device, and then connecting an output port of the proportional valve with an air inlet of a reforming chamber through a gas guide pipe;
s2, connecting an air outlet of the reforming chamber with a hydrogen inlet of a galvanic pile through an air duct, simultaneously connecting a water outlet of the cooling device with a liquid inlet of a fuel tank through a liquid guide pipe, connecting a liquid outlet of the fuel tank with a liquid inlet of a quantifying device through the liquid guide pipe, and then connecting an air inlet pipe with an air inlet pipe of the galvanic pile, so that the pipeline connection and the installation of all parts of the whole heat utilization system can be completed;
s3, when the electric pile works normally, the methanol water solution in the fuel tank is sprayed into the electric pile through the quantifying device, the methanol water solution is vaporized into methanol water vapor to take away heat released by the electric pile reaction, and the temperature in the electric pile is maintained within the optimal temperature range of the electric pile reaction, namely 160-180 ℃;
and S4, distributing the methanol vapor vaporized in the step S3 into two parts by a proportional valve device, wherein one part enters a reforming chamber, hydrogen generated after reforming is introduced into a pile for reaction, and the other part returns to a fuel tank by a cooling device to circularly and reciprocally work.
In the invention, the liquid guide pipe between the fuel tank and the quantifying device is filled with the methanol water solution, and the liquid guide pipe between the quantifying device and the galvanic pile is filled with the methanol water solution.
In the invention, the amount of the methanol vapor entering the reforming chamber in the reaction process of the steps S3 and S4 is accurately calculated, the amount of the methanol vapor needing to enter the reforming chamber is reversely calculated by calculating the amount of the hydrogen needed by the galvanic pile and the conversion efficiency in the reforming chamber, and then the amount of the methanol vapor entering the reforming chamber is accurately controlled by an accurately controlled proportional valve.
In the invention, the proportional valve is a three-way valve, and the proportional valve is provided with three pipeline connectors, so that the methanol vapor discharged from the electric pile can be discharged into the reforming chamber and the cooling device in proportion.
In the invention, hydrogen is introduced into the gas guide pipe between the reforming chamber and the electric pile, and the gas which is introduced into the gas inlet pipe communicated with the electric pile air inlet of the electric pile is air.
In the invention, the liquid guide pipe between the cooling device and the fuel tank is filled with the methanol water solution after the methanol vapor is liquefied.
In the invention, a liquid guide pipe between a galvanic pile and a proportional valve is provided with a first vapor monitoring component; a second steam monitoring component is arranged on the gas guide pipe between the reforming chamber and the proportional valve; a third steam monitoring component is arranged on the liquid guide pipe between the cooling device and the proportional valve;
the first vapor monitoring component is used for monitoring the flow of the methanol vapor between the galvanic pile and the proportional valve;
a second steam monitoring component for monitoring the flow rate of the methanol steam between the reforming chamber and the proportional valve;
the third vapor monitoring component is used for monitoring the flow of the methanol vapor between the cooling device and the proportional valve;
the first vapor monitoring assembly, the second vapor monitoring assembly and the third vapor monitoring assembly are respectively provided with a first communication element, a second communication element and a third communication element which are corresponding to each other, and are used for transmitting vapor monitoring data measured by the vapor monitoring assemblies to a background management center;
the background management center is used for receiving the steam monitoring data transmitted by the communication element, processing and calculating the received steam monitoring data, judging whether the proportional valve is abnormal or not, and triggering the alarm device if the proportional valve is abnormal; the alarm device is electrically connected with the background management center and comprises an audible and visual alarm. According to the technical scheme, the first steam monitoring component, the second steam monitoring component and the third steam monitoring component monitor and transmit steam monitoring data, and the background management center judges whether the proportional valve transmits the methanol steam to the reforming chamber and the cooling device according to the preset proportional value or not, so that the background management center can realize real-time monitoring of the transmission of the methanol steam to the proportional valve.
In the invention, the first vapor monitoring component, the second vapor monitoring component and the third vapor monitoring component comprise an intelligent vapor meter;
the intelligent steam meter comprises a steam flow monitoring module, a control valve control module, an early warning module and an early warning return module; the vapor flow monitoring module, the control valve control module, the early warning module and the early warning return module are all connected with the communication element; the control valve control module is connected with the control valve; the control valve is arranged on the liquid guide pipe/the air guide pipe;
the vapor flow monitoring module is used for monitoring the flow of the methanol vapor in the liquid guide pipe or the air guide pipe in real time, displaying the monitored vapor flow data through a display screen of the intelligent vapor meter, and transmitting the monitored vapor flow data to a background management center through a communication element;
the vapor flow monitoring module is also used for transmitting an early warning signal to the early warning module when the vapor flow data is abnormal; the early warning module is used for transmitting a control valve closing signal to the control valve control module after receiving the early warning signal transmitted by the vapor flow monitoring module, and transmitting the control valve closing signal and the early warning signal to the background management center through the communication element; the control valve control module is used for receiving a control valve closing signal transmitted by the early warning module or closing the control valve after receiving a control valve closing instruction transmitted by the management center; the control valve control module is also used for receiving a control valve opening signal transmitted by the early warning return module or opening the control valve after receiving a control valve opening instruction transmitted by the background management center; the early warning return module is used for transmitting a control valve opening signal to the control valve control module and transmitting the control valve opening signal and the early warning releasing signal to the background management center through the communication element. According to the technical scheme, the methanol vapor flow can be monitored in real time, monitoring data are displayed to workers or transmitted to the background management center, when the methanol vapor flow is abnormal, an early warning signal is transmitted to the background management center, and meanwhile, the control valve is closed.
In the invention, the steam flow data comprises steam period average flow, steam valley flow and steam peak flow;
the abnormal steam flow data means that tiny steam flow continuously occurs for a long time or the steam flow instantaneously exceeds the rated flow value of the intelligent steam meter. The technical scheme realizes monitoring of various abnormal states of the flow data of the methanol vapor.
In the present invention, the communication element comprises a data transmission unit DTU device and a general packet radio service GPRS device. The technical scheme realizes the transmission of the steam flow data and improves the transmission rate of the steam flow data.
It is noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. A method for utilizing heat of a methanol reforming fuel cell, characterized by: the heat utilization system corresponding to the methanol reforming fuel cell heat utilization method comprises a galvanic pile, a quantifying device, a reforming chamber, a proportional valve, a cooling device and a fuel tank, and the methanol reforming fuel cell heat utilization method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, firstly connecting a circulating medium inlet of a galvanic pile with a water outlet of a quantifying device through a liquid guide pipe, connecting a circulating medium outlet of the galvanic pile with a water inlet of a cooling device through the liquid guide pipe, installing a proportional valve in the liquid guide pipe between the galvanic pile and the cooling device, and then connecting an output port of the proportional valve with an air inlet of a reforming chamber through a gas guide pipe;
s2, connecting an air outlet of the reforming chamber with a hydrogen inlet of a galvanic pile through an air duct, simultaneously connecting a water outlet of the cooling device with a liquid inlet of a fuel tank through a liquid guide pipe, connecting a liquid outlet of the fuel tank with a liquid inlet of a quantifying device through the liquid guide pipe, and then connecting an air inlet pipe with an air inlet pipe of the galvanic pile, so that the pipeline connection and the installation of all parts of the whole heat utilization system can be completed;
s3, when the electric pile works normally, the methanol water solution in the fuel tank is sprayed into the electric pile through the quantifying device, the methanol water solution is vaporized into methanol water vapor to take away heat released by the electric pile reaction, and the temperature in the electric pile is maintained within the optimal temperature range of the electric pile reaction, namely 160-180 ℃;
s4, distributing the methanol vapor vaporized in the step S3 into two parts through a proportional valve device, wherein one part enters a reforming chamber, hydrogen generated after reforming is introduced into a pile for reaction, and the other part returns to a fuel tank through a cooling device to circularly and reciprocally work;
the amount of the methanol vapor entering the reforming chamber in the reaction process of the steps S3 and S4 is accurately calculated, the amount of the methanol vapor entering the reforming chamber is reversely calculated by calculating the amount of hydrogen needed by the galvanic pile and the conversion efficiency in the reforming chamber, and then the amount of the methanol vapor entering the reforming chamber is accurately controlled by an accurately controlled proportional valve;
a first vapor monitoring component is arranged on the liquid guide pipe between the galvanic pile and the proportional valve; a second steam monitoring component is arranged on the gas guide pipe between the reforming chamber and the proportional valve; a third steam monitoring component is arranged on the liquid guide pipe between the cooling device and the proportional valve;
the first vapor monitoring component is used for monitoring the flow of the methanol vapor between the electric pile and the proportional valve;
the second steam monitoring component is used for monitoring the flow rate of the methanol steam between the reforming chamber and the proportional valve;
the third vapor monitoring component is used for monitoring the flow of the methanol vapor between the cooling device and the proportional valve;
the first vapor monitoring assembly, the second vapor monitoring assembly and the third vapor monitoring assembly are respectively provided with a first communication element, a second communication element and a third communication element which are corresponding to each other and are used for transmitting vapor monitoring data measured by the vapor monitoring assemblies to a background management center;
the background management center is used for receiving the steam monitoring data transmitted by the communication element, processing and calculating the received steam monitoring data, judging whether the proportional valve is abnormal or not, and triggering the alarm device if the proportional valve is abnormal; the alarm device is electrically connected with the background management center and comprises an audible and visual alarm.
2. The method for heat utilization of a methanol reforming fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: the liquid guide pipe between the fuel tank and the quantifying device is filled with a methanol water solution, and the liquid guide pipe between the quantifying device and the galvanic pile is filled with the methanol water solution.
3. The method for heat utilization of a methanol reforming fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: the proportional valve is a three-way valve and is provided with three pipeline connectors, and the methanol vapor discharged from the electric pile can be discharged into the reforming chamber and the cooling device in proportion.
4. The method for heat utilization of a methanol reforming fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: the hydrogen is introduced into the gas guide pipe between the reforming chamber and the electric pile, and the gas which is introduced into the gas inlet pipe communicated with the electric pile air inlet of the electric pile is air.
5. The method for heat utilization of a methanol reforming fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the liquid guide pipe between the cooling device and the fuel tank is filled with a methanol water solution after the methanol water vapor is liquefied.
6. The method for heat utilization of a methanol reforming fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: the first vapor monitoring assembly, the second vapor monitoring assembly and the third vapor monitoring assembly comprise an intelligent vapor meter;
the intelligent steam meter comprises a steam flow monitoring module, a control valve control module, an early warning module and an early warning return module; the vapor flow monitoring module, the control valve control module, the early warning module and the early warning return module are all connected with the communication element; the control valve control module is connected with the control valve; the control valve is arranged on the liquid guide pipe/the air guide pipe;
the steam flow monitoring module is used for monitoring the flow of the methanol steam in the liquid guide pipe or the air guide pipe in real time, displaying the monitored steam flow data through a display screen of the intelligent steam meter, and transmitting the monitored steam flow data to the background management center through the communication element;
the vapor flow monitoring module is also used for transmitting an early warning signal to the early warning module when the vapor flow data are abnormal; the early warning module is used for transmitting a control valve closing signal to the control valve control module after receiving the early warning signal transmitted by the vapor flow monitoring module, and transmitting the control valve closing signal and the early warning signal to the background management center through the communication element; the control valve control module is used for receiving a control valve closing signal transmitted by the early warning module or closing the control valve after receiving a control valve closing instruction transmitted by the management center; the control valve control module is also used for receiving a control valve opening signal transmitted by the early warning return module or opening a control valve after receiving a control valve opening instruction transmitted by the background management center; the early warning return module is used for transmitting a control valve opening signal to the control valve control module, and transmitting the control valve opening signal and the early warning releasing signal to the background management center through the communication element.
7. The method for heat utilization of a methanol reforming fuel cell of claim 6 wherein: the vapor flow data comprises a vapor period average flow, a vapor valley flow and a vapor peak flow;
the abnormal steam flow data means that tiny steam flow continuously occurs for a long time or the steam flow data instantaneously exceeds the rated flow value of the intelligent steam table.
8. The method for heat utilization of a methanol reforming fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: the communication element comprises a data transmission unit DTU means and a general packet radio service GPRS means.
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