CN109468577B - Carburizing and quenching process for annular parts - Google Patents
Carburizing and quenching process for annular parts Download PDFInfo
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- CN109468577B CN109468577B CN201811525911.0A CN201811525911A CN109468577B CN 109468577 B CN109468577 B CN 109468577B CN 201811525911 A CN201811525911 A CN 201811525911A CN 109468577 B CN109468577 B CN 109468577B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/20—Carburising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/40—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rings; for bearing races
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of heat treatment, in particular to a carburizing and quenching process for an annular part; the process comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of putting an annular part into a cleaning pool with a water-based cleaning agent, soaking and cleaning the annular part, then washing the annular part with clear water to remove impurities and oil stains on the surface of the annular part, drying and classifying the cleaned annular part, putting the annular part with high carburization requirement on a material rod in a carburizing furnace for the annular part, putting the annular part with low carburization requirement on the material rod, fully utilizing the space in the carburizing furnace for the annular part, improving the carburization efficiency, heating the annular part in the carburizing furnace, and starting introducing a gas permeation agent methanol after heating to a proper temperature; the invention ensures the surface carburization depth and the surface hardness of the annular part by changing the carbon potential and the temperature in the furnace body, and continuously performs carburization and quenching on the annular part, thereby shortening the process flow, reducing the transportation and heat treatment cost and improving the production efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of heat treatment, in particular to a carburizing and quenching process for an annular part.
Background
Carburizing and quenching are common heat treatment processes for metal materials, and can ensure that the surface of a workpiece which is carburized by carbon obtains high hardness and improve the wear resistance of the workpiece. The traditional process mainly comprises the following steps: low temperature tempering, precooling direct quenching, primary heating quenching, carburizing high temperature tempering, secondary quenching cold treatment, induction heating after carburizing and the like.
The technical scheme of the carburizing furnace also appears in the prior art, and for example, a Chinese patent with application number 201520330610 discloses a carburizing furnace which comprises a main furnace body, a sealing cover arranged at the upper end of the main furnace body, a driving device arranged at the upper end of the sealing, an inner cylinder arranged in the main furnace body in a penetrating manner along the axial direction of the main furnace body, a feeding device arranged in the inner cylinder in a penetrating manner along the axial direction of the inner cylinder, a heat supply component embedded in the side wall of the inner cylinder, a conveying gas component arranged at the bottom of the main furnace body and communicated with the inner cylinder, a feeding pipe orifice embedded in the sealing cover and communicated with the inner cavity of the inner cylinder, and a controller embedded in the side wall of the main furnace body; the feeding device comprises a transmission chain, a fixing frame arranged at the end part of the transmission chain, an installation fixing piece embedded in the transmission chain, a loading hopper arranged in the installation fixing piece in a penetrating mode and a connecting piece arranged at one end, far away from the fixing frame, of the loading hopper.
According to the technical scheme, the driving device drives the feeding device to act, so that the workpiece in the feeding device moves up and down to be fully contacted with the gas permeation agent, the aim of carburizing the workpiece is fulfilled, and the device is convenient to operate and adjust. However, when the workpieces are carburized, because the workpieces are stacked together, the carburization effect is poor at the mutual contact part of the workpieces, so that the carburization of the surfaces of the workpieces is not uniform, and the carburization and the quenching cannot be continuously carried out, thereby increasing the production cost.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to make up for the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a carburizing and quenching process for an annular part, aiming at the annular part, ensuring the surface carburizing depth and the surface hardness of the annular part, continuously performing carburizing and quenching, reducing the cost and improving the production efficiency.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the invention relates to a carburizing and quenching process for annular parts, which comprises the following steps:
s1: putting the annular part into a cleaning pool added with a water-based cleaning agent for soaking and cleaning, and then washing the annular part with clean water to remove impurities and oil stains on the surface of the annular part and clean the impurities and the oil stains on the surface of the annular part to ensure the carburizing precision of the annular part;
s2: the cleaned annular parts in the S1 are classified after being dried, the annular parts with high carburization requirement are placed on a material rod in a carburizing furnace for the annular parts, the annular parts with low carburization requirement are placed on a material placing rod, the space in the carburizing furnace for the annular parts can be fully utilized, the carburization efficiency is improved, the annular parts are heated in the carburizing furnace for the annular parts, after the temperature is raised to a proper temperature, a gas permeation agent methanol is introduced, the temperature is continuously raised to a certain temperature, the carbon potential is kept at 0.85%, and the temperature is kept for 30 minutes; the gas permeating agent methanol decomposes active carbon atoms after being heated and permeates into the surface layer of the annular part, and when the carbon potential is lower, the temperature in the annular part carburizing furnace is lower, so that the annular part cannot be decarburized;
s3: after S2, continuously introducing propane serving as a gas penetrating agent, increasing the carbon potential in the carburizing furnace for the annular part to 1.10%, keeping the temperature in the carburizing furnace for the annular part unchanged, and keeping the temperature for 130 minutes; the propane is introduced to improve the carbon concentration so as to improve the carbon potential in the annular part carburizing furnace, and the depth of the annular part carburizing layer can be ensured to be within the range of 0.7-1.0 mm;
s4: after S3, reducing the amount of methane and propane introduced into the gas permeating agents, reducing the carbon potential of the annular part for the annular part in the carburizing furnace to 0.75%, keeping the temperature of the furnace unchanged, controlling the temperature fluctuation range of the annular part in the carburizing furnace within +/-0.2 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 200 minutes; the carbon potential is reduced by reducing the carbon concentration, the surface hardness ultra-difference of the annular workpiece caused by the higher carburization concentration is avoided, the depth of a carburized layer is ensured, and the surface hardness of the annular part can be ensured;
s5: after completion of S4, the ring-shaped workpiece is quench-cooled. Quenching the carburized annular part to generate compressive internal stress on the surface of the annular part, so that the improvement of the fatigue strength of the annular part is facilitated;
the carburizing furnace for the annular parts in the S2, the S3 and the S4 comprises a furnace body, a motor, a transmission shaft and a sealing door; the motor is fixedly connected to the middle position of the top end of the furnace body; the transmission shaft is rotatably connected to the top end of the furnace body, the upper end of the transmission shaft is fixedly connected to a shaft of the motor, and the lower end of the transmission shaft is hinged to the middle of the first circular ring through a connecting block; the first circular ring is positioned in the furnace body, the rotating ring is sleeved on the left side of the first circular ring, the gear ring is sleeved on the right side of the first circular ring, and a second circular ring is arranged right below the first circular ring and positioned in the furnace body; the structure of the second ring is the same as that of the first ring, the left side of the second ring is sleeved with the toothed ring, the right side of the second ring is sleeved with the rotating ring, and a connecting rod is fixedly connected between the rotating ring sleeved on the second ring and the rotating ring sleeved on the first ring; fixed blocks are arranged below the two gear rings; the two fixed blocks are fixedly connected to the bottom of the right side of the first circular ring and the bottom of the left side of the second circular ring respectively; a tension spring is arranged between the transmission shaft and the fixed block above the transmission shaft; a tension spring is arranged between the connecting rod and the lower fixed block; the second ring is fixedly connected with a connecting fixed block; the connecting fixing block is fixedly connected with a hinge post; the lower end of the hinge column is hinged with a pull rod; the number of the pull rods is two, the lower end of the upper pull rod is hinged with one end of the lower pull rod, the other end of the lower pull rod is hinged on the hinge column, and the lower hinge column is rotatably connected to the bottom of the furnace body through a rotating block; the mutual hinged position of the two pull rods is fixedly connected with a steel ball, and a return spring is arranged between the two pull rods; the middle part of the lower end of the furnace body is provided with an air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe; one end of the air inlet pipe penetrates through the bottom of the furnace body, and the other end of the air inlet pipe is provided with an air inlet pump; one end of the exhaust pipe penetrates through the bottom of the furnace body, and the other end of the exhaust pipe is provided with an exhaust pump; a plurality of heating blocks are arranged on the side wall of the furnace body; the heating block is used for heating the furnace body. When the furnace body heating furnace is in work, the sealing door is opened, the annular part to be carburized is placed, the sealing door is closed after the annular part to be carburized is placed, the heating block switch is opened to start heating the furnace body, the furnace body is heated to a proper temperature, then the gas permeation agent is introduced into the furnace body through the gas inlet pipe by the gas inlet pump, the temperature is kept for a period of time, the motor is started to drive the transmission shaft to rotate, the first circular ring hinged with the lower end of the transmission shaft rotates along with the transmission shaft, when the first circular ring rotates, the second circular ring connected through the connecting rod rotates along with the second circular ring, the pull rod hinged with the second circular ring rotates, the steel ball fixedly connected with the end part of the pull rod rotates, when the steel ball rotates, the steel ball is thrown to the inner wall of the furnace body under the action of centrifugal force, so that the opening angle of the two mutually hinged pull rods is reduced, the rotating ring fixedly connected with the connecting rod rotates for a certain angle along with the connecting rod, and the tension spring fixedly connected in the middle of the connecting rod and the tension spring fixedly connected on the transmission shaft are stressed to stretch; when motor speed diminishes or stops, the centrifugal force that the steel ball received reduces thereupon, two mutual articulated pull rods open bigger angle under reset spring's effect, thereby make the vertical distance between second ring and the first ring reduce, make the pull rod swing certain angle backward, realize the reciprocal swing of change ring and ring gear through adjusting motor speed, stop heating after the cyclic annular part in the furnace body is fully carburized, exhaust through the blast pipe discharge with the waste gas in the furnace body through the air discharge pump, open the sealing door after the furnace body fully cools off and take out cyclic annular part and put and accomplish whole cyclic annular part carburization flow to appointed place.
The left side and the right side of the first circular ring and the second circular ring are both rotatably connected with a rotating shaft; the rotating ring and the toothed ring are respectively fixedly connected to the rotating shaft; the two ends of the rotating shaft are fixedly connected with material rods comprising material discharging rods; the end part of the material rod is provided with a limiting block; the limiting block effectively prevents the annular part from falling off the material rod. The during operation, when change and ring gear swing back and forth, the pivot round trip with change and ring gear link firmly rotates, and the material pole that links firmly in the pivot rotates along with the pivot, and when the certain angle of material pole swing back and forth, the cyclic annular part of placing slides on the material pole, and the place of two adjacent cyclic annular part contacts can produce the clearance to make cyclic annular part and gaseous penetrant fully contact, make cyclic annular part carburization more abundant, improve carburization efficiency.
The material rod comprises a connecting column, a rotating rod and a discharging rod; the connecting column is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft; one end of the rotating rod is rotatably connected to the connecting column, and the other end of the rotating rod is fixedly connected with the discharging rod; the feeding rod is of a hollow structure, and a plurality of supporting modules are uniformly embedded on the feeding rod; the supporting module is in a cross shape and used for supporting the annular part, and comprises a supporting seat, a fixing plate, a supporting column, a telescopic spring and an inserted rod; the supporting seat is embedded on the material rod; the fixed plate is fixedly connected to the side wall of the supporting seat; the supporting column penetrates through the top ends of the fixing plate and the supporting seat and is connected to the middle of the top end of the supporting seat in a sliding mode, the bottom of the supporting column is of a hemispherical structure, through holes are formed in the material discharging rods corresponding to the positions of the bottom of the supporting column, the diameter of each through hole is larger than that of the corresponding supporting column, and the supporting column is provided with jacks; the inserted bar is positioned in the jack and clamped tightly, and a telescopic spring is arranged between the inserted bar and the fixed plate; a sliding rod is connected in the discharging rod in a sliding manner; a plurality of groups of sliding grooves are formed in the sliding rod; the through-hole position on spout and the blowing pole corresponds, and every group spout is 180 and arranges, and adjacent two sets of spouts are 90 and distribute and adjacent two sets of spouts is equal along axial direction distance.
A plurality of air holes are formed in the material placing rod; the air holes can blow the gas permeation agent in the furnace body to the inner wall of the part. When the device works, the sliding rod is driven to continuously slide, and a gas permeation agent introduced into the furnace body is blown to the inner wall of the annular part through the air holes in the discharging rod, so that the carburizing speed of the inner wall of the annular part is effectively accelerated.
A first gear is fixedly connected to one side of the rotating rod, which is close to the material placing rod; a plurality of pairs of second gears are fixedly arranged on the first circular ring and the second circular ring; the rotating shaft is rotationally connected to a second gear, and the second gear is meshed with the first gear; both ends all link firmly the blowing pole around first ring and the second ring. The during operation, when the material pole is along with pivot round trip swing, the first gear that links firmly on the bull stick of material pole is along with the material pole swing, the relative second gear of first gear wobbling in-process slides, because first gear and second gear intermeshing, so the relative second gear of first gear rotates, first gear drives the blowing pole and rotates, thereby make blowing pole self rotate along with the pivot swing on one side, accelerate the carburization rate of annular part, improve carburization efficiency, can put the annular part that requires high to carburization on the material pole of the left and right sides and carburize, the annular part that will require low to carburize simultaneously puts and carries out the carburization on the blowing pole that links firmly at front and back both ends, make full use of space and resource in the furnace body, improve carburization efficiency.
A toothed block is arranged on the toothed ring; the two fixed blocks are fixedly connected with sleeves; one end of the tension spring is fixedly connected in the sleeve; the sleeve is provided with a groove; the tooth-shaped block of the toothed ring extends into the groove of the sleeve; the tension spring is matched with the tooth-shaped block of the toothed ring. The during operation, the connecting rod can make extension spring atress flexible when taking place the swing, because the profile of tooth piece cooperation of extension spring and ring gear, so the extension spring can stir the profile of tooth piece of ring gear when flexible and make the ring gear rotate certain angle, the ring gear rotates and drives the material pole swing in the pivot, the cyclic annular part of placing on the material pole when swinging on the material pole, the place of two adjacent cyclic annular part contacts can produce the clearance, thereby make cyclic annular part and gaseous penetrant fully contact, it is more abundant to make cyclic annular part carburize, improve carburization efficiency.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the carburizing furnace for the annular part has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation, convenient adjustment, high carburizing efficiency and good carburizing effect.
2. The annular part is continuously carburized and quenched, so that the process flow is shortened, the transportation and heat treatment cost is reduced, and the production efficiency is improved.
3. According to the carburizing furnace for the annular part, the support module is arranged on the discharging rod, the slide rod is arranged in the discharging rod, and the sliding groove in the slide rod and the support column in the support module are utilized to enable the contact part of the support column and the annular part to be alternately separated and contacted, so that the contact part of the annular part and the support column is carburized, the annular part is fully carburized, and the carburization efficiency is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a structure of a carburizing furnace for the annular part according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view at C of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view at B in FIG. 2;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the discharge rod of FIG. 4;
fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line D-D of fig. 6.
In the figure: the furnace body 1, the motor 2, the transmission shaft 3, the sealing door 4, the first ring 5, the rotating ring 6, the toothed ring 7, the toothed block 71, the second ring 8, the connecting rod 9, the fixed block 10, the tension spring 11, the pull rod 12, the rotating block 13, the steel ball 14, the return spring 15, the air inlet pipe 16, the exhaust pipe 17, the air inlet pump 18, the exhaust pump 19, the heating block 20, the rotating shaft 21, the material rod 22, the connecting column 221, the rotating rod 222, the discharging rod 223, the air hole 224, the first gear 225, the limiting block 23, the supporting module 24, the supporting seat 241, the fixing plate 242, the supporting column 243, the extension spring 244, the inserted rod 245, the sliding rod 25, the sliding chute 251, the second gear 26 and the sleeve.
Detailed Description
A carburizing and quenching process of a ring-shaped part according to the present invention will be described below with reference to fig. 1 to 7.
Referring to fig. 1-7, the carburizing and quenching process for the annular part, disclosed by the invention, comprises the following steps:
s1: putting the annular part into a cleaning pool added with a water-based cleaning agent for soaking and cleaning, and then washing the annular part with clean water to remove impurities and oil stains on the surface of the annular part and clean the impurities and the oil stains on the surface of the annular part to ensure the carburizing precision of the annular part;
s2: the cleaned annular parts in the S1 are classified after being dried, the annular parts with high carburization requirement are placed on a material rod in a carburizing furnace for the annular parts, the annular parts with low carburization requirement are placed on a material placing rod, the space in the carburizing furnace for the annular parts can be fully utilized, the carburization efficiency is improved, the annular parts are heated in the carburizing furnace for the annular parts, after the temperature is raised to a proper temperature, a gas permeation agent methanol is introduced, the temperature is continuously raised to a certain temperature, the carbon potential is kept at 0.85%, and the temperature is kept for 30 minutes; the gas permeating agent methanol decomposes active carbon atoms after being heated and permeates into the surface layer of the annular part, and when the carbon potential is lower, the temperature in the annular part carburizing furnace is lower, so that the annular part cannot be decarburized;
s3: after S2, continuously introducing propane serving as a gas penetrating agent, increasing the carbon potential in the carburizing furnace for the annular part to 1.10%, keeping the temperature in the carburizing furnace for the annular part unchanged, and keeping the temperature for 130 minutes; the propane is introduced to improve the carbon concentration so as to improve the carbon potential in the annular part carburizing furnace, and the depth of the annular part carburizing layer can be ensured to be within the range of 0.7-1.0 mm;
s4: after S3, reducing the amount of methane and propane introduced into the gas permeating agents, reducing the carbon potential of the annular part for the annular part in the carburizing furnace to 0.75%, keeping the temperature of the furnace unchanged, controlling the temperature fluctuation range of the annular part in the carburizing furnace within +/-0.2 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 200 minutes; the carbon potential is reduced by reducing the carbon concentration, the surface hardness ultra-difference of the annular workpiece caused by the higher carburization concentration is avoided, the depth of a carburized layer is ensured, and the surface hardness of the annular part can be ensured;
s5: after S4, quenching and cooling the annular workpiece; quenching the carburized annular part to generate compressive internal stress on the surface of the annular part, so that the improvement of the fatigue strength of the annular part is facilitated;
the carburizing furnace for the annular parts in the S2, the S3 and the S4 comprises a furnace body 1, a motor 2, a transmission shaft 3 and a sealing door 4; the motor 2 is fixedly connected to the middle position of the top end of the furnace body 1; the transmission shaft 3 is rotatably connected to the top end of the furnace body 1, the upper end of the transmission shaft 3 is fixedly connected to a shaft of the motor 2, and the lower end of the transmission shaft 3 is hinged to the middle of the first circular ring 5 through a connecting block; the first circular ring 5 is positioned in the furnace body 1, the rotating ring 6 is sleeved on the left side of the first circular ring 5, the toothed ring 7 is sleeved on the right side of the first circular ring 5, the second circular ring 8 is arranged right below the first circular ring 5, and the second circular ring 8 is positioned in the furnace body 1; the structure of the second ring 8 is consistent with that of the first ring 5, the left side of the second ring 8 is sleeved with the toothed ring 7, the right side of the second ring 8 is sleeved with the rotating ring 6, and a connecting rod 9 is fixedly connected between the rotating ring 6 sleeved on the second ring 8 and the rotating ring 6 sleeved on the first ring 5; fixed blocks 10 are arranged below the two toothed rings 7; the two fixed blocks 10 are fixedly connected to the bottom of the right side of the first circular ring 5 and the bottom of the left side of the second circular ring 8 respectively; a tension spring 11 is arranged between the transmission shaft 3 and the fixed block 10 above the transmission shaft; a tension spring 11 is arranged between the connecting rod 9 and the lower fixing block 10; the second ring 8 is fixedly connected with a connecting fixed block; the connecting fixing block is fixedly connected with a hinge post; the lower end of the hinged column is hinged with a pull rod 12; the number of the pull rods 12 is two, the lower end of the upper pull rod 12 is hinged with one end of the lower pull rod 12, the other end of the lower pull rod 12 is hinged on a hinge column, and the lower hinge column is rotatably connected to the bottom of the furnace body 1 through a rotating block 13; the mutual hinged position of the two pull rods 12 is fixedly connected with a steel ball 14, and a return spring 15 is arranged between the two pull rods 12; the middle part of the lower end of the furnace body 1 is provided with an air inlet pipe 16 and an air outlet pipe 17; one end of the air inlet pipe 16 penetrates through the bottom of the furnace body 1, and the other end of the air inlet pipe 16 is provided with an air inlet pump 18; one end of the exhaust pipe 17 penetrates through the bottom of the furnace body 1, and the other end of the exhaust pipe 17 is provided with an exhaust pump 19; a plurality of heating blocks 20 are arranged on the side wall of the furnace body 1; the heating block 20 is used for heating the furnace body 1. When the furnace body is in operation, the sealing door 4 is opened, the annular part to be carburized is placed, the sealing door 4 is closed after the annular part to be carburized is placed, the heating block 20 is opened, the furnace body 1 is heated to a proper temperature, then the gas permeation agent is introduced into the furnace body 1 through the gas inlet pipe 16 by the gas inlet pump 18, the temperature is kept for a period of time, the motor 2 is started, the motor 2 drives the transmission shaft 3 to rotate, the first circular ring 5 hinged to the lower end of the transmission shaft 3 rotates along with the transmission shaft 3, when the first circular ring 5 rotates, the second circular ring 8 connected through the connecting rod 9 rotates along with the rotation, the pull rod 12 hinged to the second circular ring 8 rotates, the steel ball 14 fixedly connected to the end of the pull rod 12 rotates, when the steel ball 14 rotates, the steel ball is thrown to the inner wall of the furnace body 1 by centrifugal force, so that the opening angle of the two mutually hinged pull rods 12 is reduced, the second circular ring 8 is pulled to move downwards, and the connecting rod 9 rotates by a certain angle, the rotating ring 6 fixedly connected with the connecting rod 9 rotates for a certain angle along with the connecting rod 9, and the tension spring 11 fixedly connected with the middle of the connecting rod 9 and the tension spring 11 fixedly connected with the transmission shaft 3 are stressed to stretch; when the rotating speed of the motor 2 becomes smaller or stops, the centrifugal force borne by the steel ball 14 is reduced, the two mutually hinged pull rods 12 are opened by a larger angle under the action of the reset spring 15, so that the vertical distance between the second circular ring 8 and the first circular ring 5 is reduced, the pull rods 12 swing back by a certain angle, the reciprocating swing of the rotating ring 6 and the toothed ring 7 is realized by adjusting the rotating speed of the motor 2, the heating is stopped after the annular parts in the furnace body 1 are fully carburized, the exhaust gas in the furnace body 1 is discharged through the exhaust pipe 17 through the exhaust pump 19, the sealing door 4 is opened after the furnace body 1 is fully cooled, the annular parts are taken out and placed to a specified place to complete the whole annular part carburizing process.
The left side and the right side of the first circular ring 5 and the second circular ring 8 are both rotatably connected with a rotating shaft 21; the rotating ring 6 and the toothed ring 7 are respectively fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 21; the two ends of the rotating shaft 21 are fixedly connected with material rods 22 comprising material discharging rods 223; the end part of the material rod 22 is provided with a limiting block 23; the stopper 23 effectively prevents the annular part from falling off the material rod 22. The during operation, when swivel 6 and ring gear 7 round trip swing, the pivot 21 round trip rotation that links firmly with swivel 6 and ring gear 7, the material pole 22 that links firmly on the pivot 21 rotates along with pivot 21, when material pole 22 round trip swing certain angle, the cyclic annular part of placing on the material pole 22 slides on material pole 22, the place of two adjacent cyclic annular part contacts can produce the clearance, thereby make cyclic annular part and gaseous penetrant fully contact, make cyclic annular part carburization more abundant, improve carburization efficiency.
The material rod 22 comprises a connecting column 221, a rotating rod 222 and a discharging rod 223; the connecting column 221 is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 21; one end of the rotating rod 222 is rotatably connected to the connecting column 221, and the other end of the rotating rod 222 is fixedly connected with a discharging rod 223; the discharging rod 223 is of a hollow structure, and a plurality of supporting modules 24 are uniformly embedded on the discharging rod 223; the supporting module 24 is cross-shaped, the supporting module 24 is used for supporting a ring-shaped part, and the supporting module 24 comprises a supporting seat 241, a fixing plate 242, a supporting column 243, a telescopic spring 244 and an inserting rod 245; the supporting seat 241 is embedded on the material rod 22; the fixing plate 242 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the supporting seat 241; the support column 243 penetrates through the top ends of the fixing plate 242 and the supporting seat 241, the support column 243 is slidably connected to the middle of the top end of the supporting seat 241, the bottom of the support column 243 is of a hemispherical structure, through holes are formed in the discharging rods 223 corresponding to the positions of the bottom of the support column 243, the diameter of each through hole is larger than that of the support column 243, and the support column 243 is provided with an insertion hole; the plug rod 245 is positioned in the jack and clamped, and an extension spring 244 is arranged between the plug rod 245 and the fixing plate 242; a sliding rod 25 is connected in the discharging rod 223 in a sliding manner; a plurality of groups of sliding grooves 251 are formed on the sliding rod 25; the sliding grooves 251 correspond to through holes in the discharging rod 223 in position, each group of sliding grooves 251 are arranged at an angle of 180 degrees, two adjacent groups of sliding grooves 251 are distributed at an angle of 90 degrees, and the distance between the two adjacent groups of sliding grooves 251 along the axial direction is equal. When the device works, after a ring-shaped part is placed on the supporting columns 243 of the supporting module 24 to be fixed, when a gas permeation agent is introduced to carburize the ring-shaped part, when the discharging rod 223 swings back and forth for a certain angle, the sliding rod 25 slides in the discharging rod 223 due to the action of gravity, in the sliding process, a group of sliding grooves 251 on the sliding rod 25 are aligned with through holes on the material rod 22, two supporting columns 243 of the supporting module 24 penetrate into the sliding grooves 251, the two supporting columns 243 are separated from the inner wall of the ring-shaped part, the contacted part can be carburized more fully, when the sliding rod 25 slides continuously, the supporting columns 243 penetrating into the sliding grooves 251 are separated from the sliding grooves 251, the upper ends of the supporting columns 243 are propped against the inner wall of the ring-shaped part again, when the sliding rod slides to a certain distance, the other two supporting columns of the supporting module 24 penetrate into, thereby to the place carburization of support column 243 and cyclic annular part contact, cyclic annular part is supported in turn to two sets of support columns 243 for cyclic annular part carburization is more abundant, improves carburization efficiency.
As shown in fig. 6, a plurality of air holes 224 are formed on the discharging rod 223; the gas holes 224 can blow the gas permeation agent in the furnace body 1 to the inner wall of the component. During operation, in the process of the continuous sliding of the sliding rod 25, the gas permeation agent introduced into the furnace body 1 is blown to the inner wall of the annular part through the air holes 224 on the discharging rod 223, so that the carburization rate of the inner wall of the annular part is effectively accelerated.
A first gear 225 is fixedly connected to one side of the rotating rod 222 close to the discharging rod 223; a plurality of pairs of second gears 26 are fixedly arranged on the first circular ring 5 and the second circular ring 8; the second gear 26 is positioned at two sides of the rotating shaft 21, and the second gear 26 is meshed with the first gear 225; both ends have all linked firmly the blowing pole 223 around first ring 5 and the second ring 8. When the device works, when the material rod 22 swings back and forth along with the rotating shaft 21, the first gear 225 fixedly connected to the rotating rod 222 of the material rod 22 swings along with the material rod 22, the first gear 225 slides relative to the second gear 26 in the swinging process of the first gear 225, because the first gear 225 is meshed with the second gear 26, the first gear 225 rotates relative to the second gear 26, the first gear 225 drives the material discharging rod 223 to rotate, so that the material discharging rod 223 rotates along with the swinging process of the rotating shaft 21, the carburizing speed of the annular parts is increased, the carburizing efficiency is improved, the material discharging rods 223 are fixedly connected to the front end and the rear end of the first ring 5 and the second ring 8, the material rods 22 are arranged on the left side and the right side, the annular parts with high carburizing requirements can be placed on the material rods 22 on the left side and the material discharging rods 223 fixedly connected to the front end and the rear end of the annular parts with low carburizing requirements for carburizing, the space and resources in the furnace body 1 are fully utilized, the carburizing efficiency is improved.
A toothed block 71 is arranged on the toothed ring 7; the two fixed blocks 10 are fixedly connected with sleeves 27; one end of the tension spring 11 is fixedly connected in the sleeve 27; the sleeve 27 is provided with a groove; the tooth blocks 71 of the toothed ring 7 penetrate into the grooves of the sleeve 27; the tension spring 11 is matched with the tooth-shaped block 71 of the toothed ring 7. The during operation, connecting rod 9 can make extension spring 11 atress flexible when taking place the swing, because extension spring 11 cooperates with the profile of tooth piece 71 of ring gear 7, so extension spring 11 can stir the profile of tooth piece 71 of ring gear 7 when flexible and make ring gear 7 rotate certain angle, ring gear 7 rotates the material pole 22 swing on the drive pivot 21, the cyclic annular part of placing on the material pole 22 when swinging on material pole 22, the place of two adjacent cyclic annular part contacts can produce the clearance, thereby make cyclic annular part and gaseous penetrant fully contact, make cyclic annular part carburization more abundant, the efficiency of carburization is improved.
The specific use flow is as follows:
when in use, the sealing door 4 is opened, the annular part to be carburized is placed, the sealing door 4 is closed after the annular part is placed, the heating block 20 is opened, the furnace body 1 is heated to a proper temperature, then the gas permeation agent is introduced into the furnace body 1 through the gas inlet pipe 16 by the gas inlet pump 18, the temperature is kept for a period of time, the motor 2 is started, the motor 2 drives the transmission shaft 3 to rotate, the first ring 5 hinged with the lower end of the transmission shaft 3 rotates along with the transmission shaft 3, when the first ring 5 rotates, the second ring 8 connected with the connecting rod 9 rotates along with the rotation, so that the pull rod 12 hinged with the second ring 8 rotates, the steel ball 14 fixedly connected with the end part of the pull rod 12 rotates, when the steel ball 14 rotates, the steel ball is thrown to the inner wall of the furnace body 1 by centrifugal force, the opening angle of the two mutually hinged pull rods 12 is reduced, so as to pull the second ring 8 to move downwards, and the connecting rod 9 rotates for a certain angle due to the increase of the vertical distance between the, the swivel 6 that links firmly with connecting rod 9 rotates certain angle along with connecting rod 9, the extension spring 11 that links firmly in the middle of connecting rod 9 and the extension spring 11 atress that links firmly on the transmission shaft 3 also can take place to stretch out and draw back, because the tooth-shaped piece 71 cooperation of extension spring 11 and ring gear 7, so can stir the tooth-shaped piece 71 of ring gear 7 and make ring gear 7 rotate certain angle when extension spring 11 is flexible, ring gear 7 rotates and drives the material pole 22 swing on the pivot 21, when the cyclic annular part of placing on the material pole 22 swung on the material pole 22, the place of two adjacent cyclic annular part contacts can produce the clearance, thereby make cyclic annular part and gaseous penetrant fully contact, make cyclic annular part carburization more abundant, improve carburization efficiency. When the rotating speed of the motor 2 becomes smaller or stops, the centrifugal force applied to the steel ball 14 is reduced, the two mutually hinged pull rods 12 are opened by a larger angle under the action of the reset spring 15, so that the vertical distance between the second circular ring 8 and the first circular ring 5 is reduced, the pull rods 12 swing back by a certain angle, the reciprocating swing of the rotary ring 6 and the gear ring 7 is realized by adjusting the rotating speed of the motor 2, when the rotary ring 6 and the gear ring 7 swing back and forth, the rotating shaft 21 fixedly connected with the rotary ring 6 and the gear ring 7 rotates back and forth, the material rod 22 fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 21 rotates along with the rotating shaft 21, when the material rod 22 swings back and forth by a certain angle, when the annular parts placed on the material rod 22 swing on the material rod 22, a gap is generated at the contact place of the adjacent two annular parts, so that the annular parts are in full contact with a gas permeation agent, the annular parts are more fully carburized, and the.
When a gas permeation agent is introduced to carburize the annular part, when the feeding rod 223 swings back and forth by a certain angle, the sliding rod 25 slides in the feeding rod 223 due to the action of gravity, in the sliding process, when a group of sliding grooves 251 on the sliding rod 25 are aligned with the through holes on the feeding rod 22, the two supporting columns 243 of the supporting module 24 penetrate into the sliding grooves 251, the two supporting columns 243 are separated from the inner wall of the annular part, the contact part of the supporting columns 243 and the annular part can be carburized, so that the annular part is carburized more fully, when the sliding rod 25 continues to slide, the supporting columns 243 penetrating into the sliding grooves 251 are separated from the sliding grooves 251, the upper ends of the supporting columns 243 are propped against the inner wall of the annular part again, when the sliding rod slides to a certain distance, the other two supporting columns 243 of the supporting module 24 penetrate into the sliding grooves 251, so that the other, the two groups of support pillars 243 alternately support the annular parts, so that the annular parts are more fully carburized, and the carburization efficiency is improved. Meanwhile, in the process of the continuous sliding of the sliding rod 25, the gas permeation agent introduced into the furnace body 1 is blown to the inner wall of the annular part through the air holes 224 on the discharging rod 223, so that the carburizing speed of the inner wall of the annular part is effectively accelerated.
When the material rod 22 swings back and forth along with the rotating shaft 21, the first gear 225 fixedly connected to the rotating rod 222 of the material rod 22 swings along with the material rod 22, the first gear 225 slides relative to the second gear 26 in the swinging process of the first gear 225, because the first gear 225 and the second gear 26 are meshed with each other, the first gear 225 rotates relative to the second gear 26, the first gear 225 drives the discharging rod 223 to rotate, so that the discharging rod 223 rotates along with the swinging of the rotating shaft 21, the carburizing speed of the annular parts is accelerated, the carburizing efficiency is improved, the front end and the rear end of the first circular ring 5 and the rear end of the second circular ring 8 are fixedly connected with the discharging rod 223, the material rods 22 are arranged on the left side and the right side, the annular parts with high carburizing requirements can be placed on the material rods 22 on the left side and the right side, meanwhile, the annular parts with low carburizing requirements are placed on the discharging rods 223 fixedly connected with the front end and the rear end, the space and resources in, the carburizing efficiency is improved.
When the annular part is fully carburized, heating is stopped, exhaust gas in the furnace body 1 is exhausted through the exhaust pipe 17 through the exhaust pump 19, the furnace body 1 is fully cooled, the sealing door 4 is opened, the annular part is taken out and placed at a specified place, and the whole annular part carburizing process is completed.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A carburizing and quenching process for annular parts is characterized by comprising the following steps: the process comprises the following steps:
s1: putting the annular part into a cleaning pool added with a water-based cleaning agent for soaking and cleaning, and then washing the annular part with clean water to remove impurities and oil stains on the surface of the annular part;
s2: drying and classifying the cleaned annular parts in the step S1, placing the annular parts with high carburization requirement on a material rod in a carburizing furnace for the annular parts, placing the annular parts with low carburization requirement on the material rod, heating the annular parts in the carburizing furnace for the annular parts, introducing a gas permeating agent methanol after the annular parts are heated to a proper temperature, continuously heating to a certain temperature, keeping the carbon potential at 0.85%, and keeping the temperature for 30 minutes;
s3: after S2, continuously introducing propane serving as a gas penetrating agent, increasing the carbon potential in the carburizing furnace for the annular part to 1.10%, keeping the temperature in the carburizing furnace for the annular part unchanged, and keeping the temperature for 130 minutes;
s4: after S3, reducing the amount of methane and propane introduced into the gas permeating agent, reducing the carbon potential in the carburizing furnace for the annular part to 0.75%, keeping the temperature of the furnace unchanged, controlling the temperature fluctuation range in the carburizing furnace for the annular part within +/-0.2 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 200 minutes;
s5: after completion of S4, quenching the ring-shaped part;
the carburizing furnace for the annular parts in the S2, the S3 and the S4 comprises a furnace body (1), a motor (2), a transmission shaft (3) and a sealing door (4); the motor (2) is fixedly connected to the middle position of the top end of the furnace body (1); the transmission shaft (3) is rotatably connected to the top end of the furnace body (1), the upper end of the transmission shaft (3) is fixedly connected to a shaft of the motor (2), and the lower end of the transmission shaft (3) is hinged to the middle of the first circular ring (5) through a connecting block; the first circular ring (5) is positioned in the furnace body (1), the rotating ring (6) is sleeved on the left side of the first circular ring (5), the gear ring (7) is sleeved on the right side of the first circular ring (5), the second circular ring (8) is arranged right below the first circular ring (5), and the second circular ring (8) is positioned in the furnace body (1); the structure of the second ring (8) is the same as that of the first ring (5), the left side of the second ring (8) is sleeved with a toothed ring (7), the right side of the second ring (8) is sleeved with a rotating ring (6), and a connecting rod (9) is fixedly connected between the rotating ring (6) sleeved on the second ring (8) and the rotating ring (6) sleeved on the first ring (5); fixed blocks (10) are arranged below the two gear rings (7); the two fixing blocks (10) are fixedly connected to the bottom of the right side of the first circular ring (5) and the bottom of the left side of the second circular ring (8) respectively; a tension spring (11) is arranged between the transmission shaft (3) and the fixed block (10) above the transmission shaft; a tension spring (11) is arranged between the connecting rod (9) and the lower fixing block (10); the second ring (8) is fixedly connected with a connecting fixed block; the connecting fixing block is fixedly connected with a hinge post; the lower end of the hinged column is hinged with a pull rod (12); the number of the pull rods (12) is two, the lower end of the pull rod (12) at the upper part is hinged with one end of the pull rod (12) at the lower part, the other end of the pull rod (12) at the lower part is hinged on a hinged column, and the hinged column at the lower part is rotatably connected to the bottom of the furnace body (1) through a rotating block (13); the mutual hinged part of the two pull rods (12) is fixedly connected with a steel ball (14), and a return spring (15) is arranged between the two pull rods (12); the middle part of the lower end of the furnace body (1) is provided with an air inlet pipe (16) and an air outlet pipe (17); one end of the air inlet pipe (16) penetrates through the bottom of the furnace body (1), and the other end of the air inlet pipe (16) is provided with an air inlet pump (18); one end of the exhaust pipe (17) penetrates through the bottom of the furnace body (1), and the other end of the exhaust pipe (17) is provided with an exhaust pump (19); a plurality of heating blocks (20) are arranged on the side wall of the furnace body (1); the heating block (20) is used for heating the furnace body (1);
the left side and the right side of the first circular ring (5) and the second circular ring (8) are both rotatably connected with a rotating shaft (21); the rotating ring (6) and the toothed ring (7) are respectively fixedly connected to the rotating shaft (21); two ends of the rotating shaft (21) are fixedly connected with material rods (22) comprising material discharging rods (223); the end part of the material rod (22) is provided with a limiting block (23); the limiting block (23) effectively prevents the annular part from falling off the material rod (22);
the material rod (22) comprises a connecting column (221), a rotating rod (222) and a discharging rod (223); the connecting column (221) is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft (21); one end of the rotating rod (222) is rotatably connected to the connecting column (221), and the other end of the rotating rod (222) is fixedly connected with a discharging rod (223); the discharging rod (223) is of a hollow structure, and a plurality of supporting modules (24) are uniformly embedded on the discharging rod (223); the supporting module (24) is in a cross shape, the supporting module (24) is used for supporting the annular part, and the supporting module (24) comprises a supporting seat (241), a fixing plate (242), a supporting column (243), a telescopic spring (244) and an inserting rod (245); the supporting seat (241) is embedded on the material rod (22); the fixing plate (242) is fixedly connected to the side wall of the supporting seat (241); the support column (243) penetrates through the top ends of the fixing plate (242) and the supporting seat (241), the support column (243) is connected to the middle part of the top end of the supporting seat (241) in a sliding mode, the bottom of the support column (243) is of a hemispherical structure, through holes are formed in the discharging rods (223) corresponding to the positions of the bottom of the support column (243), the diameter of each through hole is larger than that of the support column (243), and inserting holes are formed in the support column (243); the inserted bar (245) is positioned in the jack and clamped, and a telescopic spring (244) is arranged between the inserted bar (245) and the fixed plate (242); a sliding rod (25) is connected in the discharging rod (223) in a sliding manner; a plurality of groups of sliding grooves (251) are formed in the sliding rod (25); the sliding grooves (251) correspond to through holes in the discharging rod (223), each group of sliding grooves (251) are arranged at an angle of 180 degrees, two adjacent groups of sliding grooves (251) are distributed at an angle of 90 degrees, and the distance between the two adjacent groups of sliding grooves (251) is equal along the axial direction.
2. The carburizing and quenching process for annular parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: a plurality of air holes (224) are formed in the material discharging rod (223); the air hole (224) can blow air in the furnace body (1) to the inner wall of the annular part.
3. The carburizing and quenching process for annular parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: a first gear (225) is fixedly connected to one side of the rotating rod (222) close to the discharging rod (223); a plurality of pairs of second gears (26) are fixedly arranged on the first circular ring (5) and the second circular ring (8); the rotating shaft (21) is rotationally connected to a second gear (26), and the second gear (26) is meshed with the first gear (225); both ends all link firmly blowing pole (223) around first ring (5) and second ring (8).
4. The carburizing and quenching process for annular parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: a toothed block (71) is arranged on the toothed ring (7); the two fixed blocks (10) are fixedly connected with sleeves (27); one end of the tension spring (11) is fixedly connected in the sleeve (27); the sleeve (27) is provided with a groove; the tooth-shaped block (71) of the tooth ring (7) is deeply inserted into the groove of the sleeve (27); the tension spring (11) is matched with a tooth-shaped block (71) of the toothed ring (7).
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| JPS5641373A (en) * | 1979-09-12 | 1981-04-18 | Shimadzu Corp | Method and apparatus for drip feeding process gas cementation |
| CN1325691C (en) * | 2005-01-21 | 2007-07-11 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Rare earth controllable carburizing method for furnace for periodical operation |
| CN201424500Y (en) * | 2009-06-19 | 2010-03-17 | 洛阳Lyc轴承有限公司 | Carburizing device for heat treatment of bearing ring |
| CN201873758U (en) * | 2010-11-29 | 2011-06-22 | 大连创新齿轮箱制造有限公司 | Thermal treating and carburizing tooling for furnace charging |
| CN101984138A (en) * | 2010-11-29 | 2011-03-09 | 大连创新齿轮箱制造有限公司 | Thermal treatment carburization charge tooling |
| CN103014595B (en) * | 2012-12-27 | 2014-11-26 | 金湖县常盛动力机械配件有限公司 | Carburizing method of low-carbon alloy steel |
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Effective date of registration: 20201127 Address after: 236000 no.371 north side of fubeng Road, Xinhua Street, Yingdong District, Fuyang City, Anhui Province Applicant after: Fuyang General Intelligent Technology Design Co., Ltd Address before: 200093 School of mechanical engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 military road, Shanghai, Yangpu District Applicant before: Zhou Junman |
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