CN109443458B - A concave arc dual-flow direction average velocity tube flowmeter - Google Patents
A concave arc dual-flow direction average velocity tube flowmeter Download PDFInfo
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- CN109443458B CN109443458B CN201811323325.8A CN201811323325A CN109443458B CN 109443458 B CN109443458 B CN 109443458B CN 201811323325 A CN201811323325 A CN 201811323325A CN 109443458 B CN109443458 B CN 109443458B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/05—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects
- G01F1/34—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure
- G01F1/36—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure the pressure or differential pressure being created by the use of flow constriction
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种凹弧形双流向均速管流量计，包括沿直径插入测量管道中的检测杆、设置在检测杆内的总压管和静压管，总压管位于迎流面，静压管位于背流面，在检测杆的迎流面和背流面设置有总压孔和静压孔，所有的总压孔与总压管相连通，从总压管引出平均总压p；所有的静压孔与静压管相通，从静压管引出静压p；利用测得的总压p与静压p之差获取管道截面上平均流速的大小，其特征在于，检测杆的截面形状类似菱形，四边均为凹弧形，迎流面和背流面均为凸弧形，凹弧形的边相接之处为流线型。本发明能够有效提高均速管流量计的输出差压，提升均速管低流量测量的精度。
The present invention relates to a concave arc dual-flow average velocity tube flowmeter, including a detection rod inserted into a measuring pipeline along a diameter, a total pressure tube and a static pressure tube arranged in the detection rod, the total pressure tube is located on the upstream surface, the static pressure tube is located on the back surface, and a total pressure hole and a static pressure hole are arranged on the upstream surface and the back surface of the detection rod, all the total pressure holes are connected with the total pressure tube, and the average total pressure p is drawn from the total pressure tube; all the static pressure holes are connected with the static pressure tube, and the static pressure p is drawn from the static pressure tube; the difference between the measured total pressure p and the static pressure p is used to obtain the size of the average flow velocity on the pipeline cross section, characterized in that the cross-sectional shape of the detection rod is similar to a rhombus, and the four sides are all concave arcs, the upstream surface and the back surface are both convex arcs, and the concave arc edges are streamlined. The present invention can effectively improve the output differential pressure of the average velocity tube flowmeter and improve the accuracy of the low flow measurement of the average velocity tube.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a uniform velocity tube flowmeter.
Background
An averaging tube flowmeter (foreign scale Annubar, verabar, probar etc.) which is one of the plug-in flow meters is a differential pressure type flowmeter developed based on the pitot tube speed measurement principle in the later stage of 60 s. Compared with the traditional flow sensor, the uniform velocity tube flowmeter is widely applied to flow measurement of large-caliber pipelines in the industries of electric power, metallurgy, petrochemical industry and the like due to the advantages of simple structure, convenient installation and disassembly, small pressure loss and low cost. It has the following advantages:
(1) The application range is wide. The uniform velocity tube flowmeter can be used for measuring the flow of all fluids without solid particles, has a wide applicable pipeline diameter range, can reach 25mm in minimum diameter and 9m in maximum diameter, and can measure the flow of irregular pipelines (such as square or rectangular pipelines).
(2) The uniform speed tube flowmeter has the advantages of simple structure, light weight, convenient installation, disassembly and maintenance, no flow break, disassembly and assembly, and low manufacturing cost.
(3) The pressure loss is small, and the energy is saved. The unrecoverable pressure loss of the uniform velocity tube flowmeter only accounts for 2-15% of the output differential pressure of the uniform velocity tube flowmeter and is only less than 5% of the orifice plate, so that the power consumption is obviously reduced, and the energy-saving effect is obvious.
(4) The accuracy and the long-term stability are good. The uniform velocity tube flowmeter has no movable and easy-to-wear parts, and when the pipe diameter is more than 300mm, the accuracy can reach +/-1%, the stability is +/-0.1%, and the practical requirements are generally met.
The uniform velocity tube flowmeter is an inserted differential pressure flowmeter, the diameter of the circumscribed circle of the cross section of the detection rod is far smaller than that of the cross section of the pipeline, so that the output differential pressure is smaller, fluctuation is easily generated due to the influence of vortex at the downstream of the detection rod, and the linearity and repeatability of the uniform velocity tube are difficult to improve. Therefore, since the advent of the averaging tube flowmeter, researchers have been devoted to the study of the cross-sectional shape thereof to increase the differential pressure output by the averaging tube flowmeter and improve the performance indexes such as linearity, repeatability and the like. Currently, there are the 4 most widely used uniform velocity tube cross-sectional shapes, circular, diamond, delta, and bullet-shaped.
(A) The round shape is that the earliest average speed pipe detects the section shape of the rod, and the separation point of the fluid is found to be 78 degrees on the round section when the Reynolds number Re <10 5, and the separation point is changed to be 130 degrees when Re >10 6, and the separation point is uncertain when Re is between 10 and 5～106, so that the extraction flow coefficient has deviation of nearly +/-10 percent.
(B) Diamond shape-as proposed by DSI in 1978 of the united states, the cross section of the test rod has sharp edges, around which the separation point is fixed when the fluid flows. The method mainly solves the problem of fluid separation point change of the circular uniform velocity tube flowmeter, can obtain higher differential pressure, and has less than ideal repeatability.
(C) Delta-shaped is deduced by the German Cisco company, the performance of the Delta-shaped differential pressure homogenizing pipe is not greatly different from that of a diamond-shaped differential pressure homogenizing pipe, the separating point is fixed, meanwhile, the differential pressure homogenizing pipe has a great influence on a flow field, a vortex with great motion intensity and large scale appears in a downstream area of the differential pressure homogenizing pipe, the differential pressure fluctuation of the differential pressure homogenizing pipe is greatly influenced, the repeatability is influenced, and the linearity is difficult to improve.
(D) Bullet-shaped, which was introduced by Veris corporation in the united states, verbar in 1992. Verbar is roughened on the front end surface of the warhead, so that the measurement accuracy is improved. The bullet head adopts a streamline cross-section shape, so that the influence of the uniform velocity tube on a flow field is reduced, and the linearity is improved. The position of the static pressure point makes the output differential pressure of the static pressure point be lower than that of other types of uniform speed pipes, and the measuring effect of the static pressure point under the conditions of low density and low flow rate is affected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a novel section-shaped uniform velocity tube named as a concave arc-shaped double-flow-direction uniform velocity tube flowmeter according to the interaction rule between the section shape of the uniform velocity tube and a flow field. The invention can effectively improve the output differential pressure of the uniform velocity tube flowmeter, and improve the precision of the uniform velocity tube low flow measurement, thereby expanding the application range of the differential pressure flowmeter. The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A concave arc-shaped double-flow-direction uniform velocity tube flowmeter comprises a detection rod inserted into a measurement pipeline along the diameter, a total pressure tube and a static pressure tube, wherein the total pressure tube and the static pressure tube are arranged in the detection rod, the total pressure tube is arranged on an upstream face, the static pressure tube is arranged on a back face, total pressure holes and static pressure holes are formed in the upstream face and the back face of the detection rod, all the total pressure holes are communicated with the total pressure tube, average total pressure p is led out of the total pressure tube, all the static pressure holes are communicated with the static pressure tube, static pressure p is led out of the static pressure tube, and the difference between the measured total pressure p and the static pressure p is used for reflecting the average flow velocity on the section of the pipeline.
Preferably, the greater the curvature of each concave arcuate edge, the better the processing requirements are met. The flowmeter of claim 1, wherein the ratio of the concave arc radius (R1) of each concave arc edge to the diameter (L1) of the test rod circumcircle is controlled to be 0.25-3. The flowmeter is bilaterally symmetrical, and the total pressure pipe and the static pressure pipe can be exchanged to realize double-flow-direction flow measurement.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages due to the adoption of the technical scheme:
(1) According to a method combining computational fluid dynamics simulation with theoretical analysis such as an equalizing pipe working principle and a pressure taking mode of a pressure taking hole, the influence of the section shape of a detection rod on total pressure and static pressure of the equalizing pipe is researched from the aspect of a flow field development mechanism, so that structural optimization of the section shape of the concave arc-shaped double-flow-direction equalizing pipe flowmeter is realized. In a larger water flow measurement range, the concave arc-shaped double-flow-direction uniform velocity tube flowmeter can output larger and stable differential pressure, can be 2-3 times higher than a traditional uniform velocity tube structure, has better flow measurement repeatability and linearity, and can reach (+/-) (1-2)%, so that the flow measurement precision is obviously improved.
(2) The concave arc double-flow-direction uniform velocity tube flowmeter has symmetrical structure, the total pressure hole is consistent with the pressure taking mode of the static pressure hole, and the double-flow-direction measurement of fluid can be realized by only matching with one differential pressure transmitter, so that the measurement cost of the uniform velocity tube flowmeter can be reduced.
(3) The concave arc double-flow-direction uniform velocity tube flowmeter has no movable parts, all the parts can adopt general sectional materials, are of symmetrical structural design, are convenient to install and maintain, can realize continuous flow disassembly and assembly, have lower overall economic cost, and can not generate any form of material waste.
(4) Due to the simplicity of the structure and the standard universality of all the components, the structural parameters of the concave arc double-flow-direction uniform velocity tube flowmeter can be analyzed and calculated through the existing commercial finite element calculation software, so that engineering technicians can conveniently and flexibly select different structural parameter values to optimally design the device according to different actual engineering requirements.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional shape of 4 averaging speed tubes currently in wide use.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a concave arc dual flow direction averaging flow meter configuration (left view) and cross-sectional shape (right view) of the present invention.
The reference numerals in the drawing indicate that the measuring pipe is 1, the detecting rod is 2, the total pressure pipe is 3, the static pressure pipe is 4, the total pressure hole is 5, the static pressure hole is 6, the length of the detecting rod is D, the diameter of an external circle of the detecting rod is L1, the radius of a concave arc of the detecting rod is R1, the radius of a convex arc of the detecting rod is R2, the width of the convex arc of the detecting rod is L2, the width of a t platform is T, and the pressure hole distance is obtained by delta L.
Wherein, when R1=0, the structure of the segment is straight.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the concave arc dual flow direction averaging flow meter orifice location of the present invention.
The reference numerals indicate that R 1 is the distance from the center of the first pair of pressure taking holes to the center of the pipeline, R 2 is the distance from the center of the second pair of pressure taking holes to the center of the pipeline, and R is the inner radius of the pipeline.
Fig. 4 is a velocity simulation cloud of the effect of a test rod on the flow field inside a measurement pipe.
FIGS. 5-7 are graphs comparing simulation results of differential pressure signals generated by different cross-sectional shapes of test bars.
Fig. 8 is a graph comparing simulation data with measured data of the concave arc double flow direction uniform velocity tube flowmeter of the present invention at DN 200.
FIG. 9 is a graph comparing the calibration results of static tests of a concave arc dual-flow-direction uniform velocity tube flowmeter and a diamond uniform velocity tube flowmeter of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the concave arc double-flow-direction uniform velocity tube flowmeter of the invention is a differential pressure device consisting of a detection rod 2, a total pressure tube 3, a static pressure tube 4, a total pressure hole 5 and a static pressure hole 6. The concave arc double-flow-direction uniform velocity tube flowmeter is a hollow metal rod, namely a detection rod 2, which is inserted into a measuring pipeline along the diameter, a pair of total pressure holes 5 are arranged in the direction of the flow, the total pressure is measured, all the total pressure holes 5 are communicated with a total pressure tube 3, and an average total pressure p 1 is led out from the upper part of the total pressure tube 3. The back flow surface of the detection rod 2 is provided with a pair of static pressure holes 6 for measuring static pressure, the static pressure holes are communicated with the static pressure pipe 4, and the static pressure p 2 is led out from the upper part of the static pressure pipe 4. The difference between the total pressure p 1 and the static pressure p 2 measured by the concave arc-shaped double-flow-direction uniform velocity tube flowmeter is used for reflecting the average flow velocity on the section of the pipeline.
According to Bernoulli's equation, neglecting friction and fluid height difference factors include
Where ρ -fluid density, (kg/m 3);v1 -flow rate at the total pressure orifice 5, (m/s), p 1 -static pressure at the total pressure orifice 5, (Pa), v 2 -flow rate at the static pressure orifice 6, (m/s), p 2 -static pressure at the static pressure orifice 6, (Pa).
The kinetic energy of the fluid in the total pressure hole 5 of the concave arc double-flow-direction uniform velocity tube flowmeter is converted into potential energy, so that the fluid is basically stagnant, namely the dynamic pressure is 0, and v 1 = 0, and the formula (1) can be simplified into
Wherein Δp=p 1-p2
Wherein delta p is the differential pressure, pa (Pa), K is the instrument coefficient,Is the average flow rate (m/s) of the fluid.
If the flow rate is expressed by volume flow rate and mass flow rate, the basic flow rate calculation formula of the concave arc-shaped double-flow-direction uniform velocity tube flowmeter is as follows
qm＝qvρ (5)
Wherein q v is the volume flow of the fluid, (m 3/s);qm is the mass flow of the fluid, (kg/s);
flow rate expansion coefficient of fluid flowing through the test rod 2 under epsilon-working conditions, for incompressible fluid:
Epsilon=1 for compressible fluids epsilon <1, and the internal cross-sectional area of the pipe 1 measured under a-working conditions, (m 2).
Based on theory analysis such as the working principle of the uniform velocity tube flowmeter, the pressure taking modes of the total pressure hole and the static pressure hole, and the like, a computational fluid dynamics simulation (CFD) method is adopted to study the influence of the section shape of the detection rod on the flow field and the differential pressure signal in the measuring pipeline. As shown in table 1, different computational fluid dynamics simulation models are obtained by changing each structural parameter on the cross section of the concave arc-shaped detection rod, flow field simulation is performed on each model, and total pressure and static pressure on the detection rod are extracted to calculate differential pressure values. As shown in fig. 4, by analyzing a flow field velocity cloud image generated by each concave arc-shaped detection rod model in the measurement pipeline, the larger the diameter L1 of the detection rod circumcircle under the same measurement pipe diameter is, the thicker the boundary layer generated at the downstream of the detection rod is, and the larger the correspondingly obtained differential pressure value is. As shown in simulation results of fig. 5, 6 and 7, the size of the concave arc radius R1 in each structural parameter on the section of the concave arc detection rod has the highest influence proportion on the differential pressure value, and other parameters such as the detection rod length D, the convex arc radius R2, the convex arc width L2, the platform width t and the pressure taking hole distance deltal have smaller influence on the differential pressure value, so that the differential pressure value can be correspondingly adjusted according to actual use conditions and processing technology level.
The calibration result of the preferred static test obtained according to the structural parameters of the model 7 is shown in the table 2, the differential pressure is obviously increased in a larger range, the fluid flow rate of 5m/s reaches more than 65Kpa, the flow measurement repeatability and the linearity are better, the repeatability is within 0.5%, and the linearity of the outflow coefficient is within 2%. The simulation data is compared with the actual measurement data,
As shown in fig. 8, the two are not much different, so that the accuracy of a research method combining the computational fluid dynamics simulation with theoretical analysis such as the uniform velocity tube working principle is verified.
As shown in fig. 9, the calibration results of the diamond flowmeter under the same water flow static test are compared with the calibration results of the diamond flowmeter based on the same measured pipe diameter and the same diameter of the detection rod circumscribed circle. Under the same flow velocity, the output differential pressure of the invention is obviously improved, so that the invention has obvious measurement advantages in a larger flow measurement range, and particularly has great influence on improving the measurement accuracy of small flow.
TABLE 1 simulation model for different concave arc-shaped detection rod section shapes
Table 2 concave arc double flow direction uniform velocity tube flowmeter at DN100 water flow calibration data
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| CN110298137A (en) * | 2019-07-08 | 2019-10-01 | 上海应用技术大学 | Optimize the emulation mode of flowmeter structure parameter |
| CN112697212B (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2021-11-05 | 浙江大学 | Secondary air measurement device based on full/static pressure sampling tube interchange and soft measurement technology |
| CN119595059A (en) * | 2024-12-13 | 2025-03-11 | 江阴市节流装置厂有限公司 | A low noise flow monitoring device and design method thereof |
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| CN103196500A (en) * | 2013-04-09 | 2013-07-10 | 莱芜钢铁集团电子有限公司 | Inserting type flowmeter |
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| GB2337594A (en) * | 1998-05-19 | 1999-11-24 | Abb Seatec Ltd | Flow meters using differential pressure measurements |
| CN1257390C (en) * | 2003-09-04 | 2006-05-24 | 温汉璋 | Uniform speed flow measuring device possessing speed raising function |
| JP2006162417A (en) * | 2004-12-07 | 2006-06-22 | Tsukasa Sokken Co Ltd | Total pressure/static pressure measuring venturi system flow measuring device |
| CN201819708U (en) * | 2010-06-07 | 2011-05-04 | 孙立军 | Uniform-speed tube flow sensor with flow distributing wings |
| CN201964912U (en) * | 2011-03-01 | 2011-09-07 | 西安佳晖科技有限公司 | Insert combined type multi-measuring point flow measuring device |
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