CN109400114A - 一种采用铜尾矿制备的防静电砖及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种采用铜尾矿制备的防静电砖及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN109400114A
CN109400114A CN201811261156.XA CN201811261156A CN109400114A CN 109400114 A CN109400114 A CN 109400114A CN 201811261156 A CN201811261156 A CN 201811261156A CN 109400114 A CN109400114 A CN 109400114A
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白建光
王飞
殷海荣
陈平
郭宏伟
田冲
田一冲
张森
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Shaanxi University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种采用铜尾矿制备的防静电砖及其制备方法和应用，属于建筑材料技术领域。该制备方法采用铜尾矿为原材料，经破碎后，过筛得到合适的粒度大小，加入氧化铁、PVB树脂粉末和水，经充分搅拌均匀后再经成型、干燥、烧结，制得防静电砖。该方法工艺简单、适合大规模生产，原料采用铜矿所废弃的铜尾矿，在获得低成本原材料的同时，又解决了铜尾矿污染环境的问题。由上述方法制得的防静电砖，具有良好的防静电性能，且强度和气孔率较高，具有良好的导热系数。将制得的防静电砖作为建筑材料应用于大型公共场所和特殊实验室等环境时，能够有效防止和消除静电影响，保障人身安全和精密设备的运作。

Description

一种采用铜尾矿制备的防静电砖及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明属于建筑材料技术领域，具体涉及一种采用铜尾矿制备的防静电砖及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
静电现象在一些在半导体装备及微电子设备、电子电气、医药食品、精密仪器及生物技术等领域危害比较大，静电产生的电磁波可能干扰一些精密设备运作，造成较大偏差；或是在人员集中地方产生火灾，如地铁、机场，加油站等。因而对这些场所进行静电防护是十分必要的。目前建筑用防静电材料主要是有机高分子材料，例如防静电PVC板、防静电PC板等，但是高分子材料容易老化，引起火灾。虽然具有防静电性能的地砖产品已经得到了大规模生产，取得了良好社会效益和经济效益，但是所用原材料和制备工艺复杂、价格昂贵。因而寻找一种成本低廉、具有优异防静电性能的建筑材料意义重大。
山西省垣曲县中条山有色金属集团有限公司所开采的铜矿，在开采时会产生大量的铜尾矿，经分析，主要成分为35％左右的粘土、30％左右的钾钠长石、25％左右的石英和10％左右的氧化铁，在1000℃左右即可形成单独烧结。这类固体废弃物占用河道，污染水源，形成极大危害，如何对其进行大规模高价值的综合利用是一个迫切需要解决的问题。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种采用铜尾矿制备防静电砖的方法，该制备方法工艺简单，原料易得，成本低，可实现大规模生产，同时解决了固体废弃物污染环境的问题；经本方法制得的防静电砖具有较高的强度和气孔率、良好的导热系数，表面电阻、泄漏电阻符合防静电标准。将该防静电砖应用于建筑材料时，可以满足建筑强度的需求，消除静电的影响。
本发明是通过以下技术方案来实现：
本发明公开了一种采用铜尾矿制备防静电砖的方法，分为以下步骤：
1)原料处理：将铜尾矿进行破碎，过筛；
2)坯体制备：将过筛后的铜尾矿和氧化铁按照(85～95)％：(5～15)％质量百分比计混料后加入PVB树脂粉末和水，充分搅拌均匀，然后采用挤出机进行成型，干燥后得到坯体；
3)将坯体在还原气氛下进行烧结，制得防静电砖。
优选地，铜尾矿的成分以质量分数计，包括：氧化硅55.5％，氧化铝20.1％，氧化铁10.6％，氧化钾3.9％，氧化钠0.8％，氧化钙0.9％，氧化镁2.2％。
优选地，过筛的目数为100目。
优选地，干燥的时间为24h。
优选地，烧结的还原气氛为5％H2+95％Ar。
优选地，烧结的烧成时间为25min。
优选地，烧结的烧成温度为900～1050℃。
本发明还公开了采用上述方法制备的防静电砖。
优选地，该防静电砖的导热系数为0.058～0.082W/(m·K)，表面电阻和泄露电阻为5×104～1×109Ω。
本发明还公开了所制得的防静电砖作为建筑材料的应用。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益的技术效果：
本发明的采用铜尾矿制备防静电砖的方法，采用铜尾矿为原材料，经破碎后，过筛得到合适的粒度大小，加入适量的氧化铁、PVB树脂粉末和水，经充分搅拌均匀后再经成型、干燥、烧结，制得防静电砖。该方法工艺简单、适合大规模生产，原料采用铜矿所废弃的铜尾矿，在获得低成本原材料的同时，又解决了铜尾矿污染环境的问题。
由上述方法制得的防静电砖，由于原材料的化学成分中含有一定量氧化铁，再加入少量的氧化铁，即可获得良好的防静电性能，PVB树脂粉末起到了造粒的作用，强度和气孔率较高，具有良好的导热系数
将制得的防静电砖作为建筑材料应用于大型公共场所和特殊实验室等环境时，能够有效防止和消除静电影响，保障人身安全和精密设备的运作。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例11制得的防静电砖的实物图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体的实施例对本发明做进一步的详细说明，所述是对本发明的解释而不是限定。
实施例所采用的铜尾矿取自山西省垣曲县中条山有色金属集团有限公司所开采的铜矿，化学成分包括：氧化硅55.5％，氧化铝20.1％，氧化铁10.6％，氧化钾3.9％，氧化钠0.8％，氧化钙0.9％，氧化镁2.2％。
本发明公开的一种采用铜尾矿制备的防静电砖的制备方法：
实施例1
1)将铜尾矿进行破碎，过100目筛；
2)将过筛后的铜尾矿和氧化铁按照95％：5％质量百分比计混料后加入PVB树脂粉末和水，充分搅拌均匀，然后采用挤出机进行成型，制成240×115×53mm的形状，放入隧道干燥窑干燥24h后得到坯体；
3)将坯体在5％H2+95％Ar的还原气氛下随窑车进入隧道窑进行烧结，烧成温度为900℃，烧成时间为25min，制得防静电砖。
实验中PVB树脂粉末和水的添加量按照铜尾矿+氧化铁混合料：PVB树脂粉末：水＝200:2:1的质量比进行添加。
测得制得的防静电砖的表面电阻为1x106Ω，泄露电阻为1x106Ω。
在其余条件不变的情况，改变铜尾矿和氧化铁的质量百分比、烧成温度参数所进行的实施例2～12如表1所示，制得的防静电砖的表面电阻和泄露电阻数值如表1所示。
表1
如图1，是本发明实施例11制得的防静电砖的实物图，由图可看出，制得的防静电砖外观致密，测得导热系数为0.065W/(m.K)，表面电阻和泄露电阻为1×108Ω，符合防静电标准5×104-1×109Ω的要求。

Claims (10)

1.一种采用铜尾矿制备防静电砖的方法，其特征在于，分为以下步骤：
1)原料处理：将铜尾矿进行破碎，过筛；
2)坯体制备：将过筛后的铜尾矿和氧化铁按照(85～95)％：(5～15)％质量百分比计混料后加入PVB树脂粉末和水，充分搅拌均匀，然后采用挤出机进行成型，干燥后得到坯体；
3)将坯体在还原气氛下进行烧结，制得防静电砖。
2.根据权利要求1所述的采用铜尾矿制备防静电砖的方法，其特征在于，铜尾矿的成分以质量分数计，包括：氧化硅55.5％，氧化铝20.1％，氧化铁10.6％，氧化钾3.9％，氧化钠0.8％，氧化钙0.9％，氧化镁2.2％。
3.根据权利要求1所述的采用铜尾矿制备防静电砖的方法，其特征在于，过筛的目数为100目。
4.根据权利要求1所述的采用铜尾矿制备防静电砖的方法，其特征在于，干燥的时间为24h。
5.根据权利要求1所述的采用铜尾矿制备防静电砖的方法，其特征在于，烧结的还原气氛为5％H2+95％Ar。
6.根据权利要求1所述的采用铜尾矿制备防静电砖的方法，其特征在于，烧结的烧成时间为25min。
7.根据权利要求1所述的采用铜尾矿制备防静电砖的方法，其特征在于，烧结的烧成温度为900～1050℃。
8.采用权利要求1～7任意一项所述采用铜尾矿制备防静电砖的方法所制备的防静电砖。
9.根据权利要求8所述的采用铜尾矿制备的防静电砖，其特征在于，该防静电砖的导热系数为0.058～0.082W/(m·K)，表面电阻和泄露电阻为5×104～1×109Ω。
10.权利要求8所述的采用铜尾矿制备的防静电砖作为建筑材料的应用。
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