CN109356678A

CN109356678A - A kind of steam turbine equipment and application method without steam exhaust latent heat

Info

Publication number: CN109356678A
Application number: CN201811531294.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 翁志远
Original assignee: Beijing Hongyuan Best Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Beijing Hongyuan Best Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2018-12-14
Filing date: 2018-12-14
Publication date: 2019-02-19

Abstract

The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of steam turbine equipment and application method without steam exhaust latent heat, belongs to steam turbine equipment field more particularly to a kind of cryogenic fluid steam turbine equipment.It simultaneously also include expanding machine, the pneumatic motor turbomachinery and equipment similar with other.In order to improve steam turbine or expander plant generating efficiency, steam turbine or expanding machine are removed from working medium critically weighted.Remove steam turbine or expansion tail critical-temperature or less part, just formed without steam exhaust latent heat, steam turbine or expanding machine outlet side connect steam exhaust regenerator, exchange heat with the liquid generating working medium of cryogenic liquid pump output, and the steam exhaust condensation reduction for enabling steam turbine or expander plant export becomes liquid.In addition, the embodiment of the present invention also provides a kind of technical method of cylinder body sealing, to solve the technical problem of cryogenic fluid steam turbine or the leakage of expander plant shaft end.This steam turbine or expander plant without steam exhaust latent heat is compact-sized, small volume, but driving torque power is powerful.

Description

A kind of steam turbine equipment and application method without steam exhaust latent heat

Technical field

The present invention provides a kind of steam turbine equipment and application method without steam exhaust latent heat, belongs to the technology of steam turbine equipment Field.More particularly to a kind of cryogenic fluid steam turbine equipment, while turbine also similar with other including expanding machine, pneumatic motor Mechanical and equipment.

Background technique

Sweden engineer Lavalle has designed and manufactured the steam turbine of First single-stage impulse within 1882, and steam turbine is one It plants using steam as power, and converts the thermal energy of steam to the rotating machinery of mechanical work, be in modern thermal power plant using most Extensive prime mover.Steam turbine has many advantages, such as that single-machine capacity is big, high-efficient, the service life is long, be widely used in power station, navigation and In large scale industry.

In order to improve the power and efficiency of steam turbine equipment, we are also constantly being improved within more than 130 years, intake air temperature and Pressure also in the continuous improvement, from low-pressure turbine to high-pressure turbine, then from subcritical to supercritical pressure turbine, steam turbine Power highest accomplishes 1200MW, and intake air temperature reaches 650 DEG C, and pressure reaches 25MPa；Pure condensate formula turbine low pressure cylinder delivery temperature Down to 30-45 DEG C, pressure at expulsion is down to 10-13kPa, intake air temperature and pressure that people are inputted by constantly improving steam turbine Power, and the delivery temperature and pressure of steam turbine are reduced as far as possible, it can get maximum enthalpy difference and maximum output power, this Be our existing large-scale steamer machine equipments improve generating efficiency it is most important by way of.

The steam exhaust temperature of the pure condensing turbine equipment output of present power station application is (low far below the boiling temperature of water To about 30 DEG C), pressure at expulsion is also vacuum pressure, in order to improve generating efficiency, power generation output as much as possible, but it is straight The consequence connect is exactly to cause a large amount of low-grade steam exhaust latent heat that can not recycle.Therefore, heat shared by steam exhaust latent heat is caused 2~3 times of heat have about been utilized, such as: certain high-pressure turbine is into vapour heat content about 3433kJ/kg, in these heats only About 837kJ/kg is acting, contains about 126kJ/kg heat in condensed water, per kilogram water there are about 2240kJ latent heat energy be by The cooling water of cooling system is taken away, and the suitable 5 times of 0 DEG C of water of off-energy is heated to the energy that 100 DEG C of hot water is absorbed；This is one A very huge loss and waste.Its a large amount of low-grade steam exhaust latent heat generated needs to be carried out with a large amount of water or air cold But, i.e., not energy-efficient also uneconomical.

These low-grade latent heat energy need to by air that the cooling equipment such as cooling tower, Air-Cooling Island can be discharged into environment or In water, extremely huge energy dissipation is not only caused, and these thermal energy can be discharged into environment will also cause heat to environment Pollution, cooling tower release energy and evaporate a large amount of water, after these water vapours evaporates and are brought together, just will form torrential rain with Big flood.We burn a large amount of coal, not only cause the waste of a large amount of cost of electricity-generating in vain；After a large amount of coal burning, cigarette The extremely large number carbon dioxide that chimney is released, the pernicious gases such as sulfur dioxide also seriously destroy our environment, entirely Power plant all over the world is all that generated output is huge, therefore is also an original of crucial importance for forming haze and greenhouse effects Cause, and environment is caused to warm, the extremely serious disastrous effect such as Melting Glacierss.

It is exactly that the coal thermal energy of burning is switched to power output that we, which generate electricity, to discharge the scale of construction huge so why Latent heat and energy, applicant explored by more than 20 years pains, found problem core, people in order to obtain more generate electricity it is defeated Out, intake air temperature and pressure are constantly improved, while reducing steam exhaust temperature and pressure, present power station steam exhaust temperature as far as possible Degree is well below its normal boiling point, the vacuum pressure that pressure at expulsion is negative, and more power generation outputs is being obtained simultaneously, in steam exhaust Forming extremely huge low-grade latent heat energy can not be utilized, and be merely able to latent heat treatment be fallen to realize steam exhaust is condensed into For water, while doing so the exhaust stage blade for also leading to steam turbine and second last stage blade length increases, steam turbine is bulky, steamer Machine end need to maintain high vacuum, and final stage second last stage blade is subject to a series of problems such as condensation water erosion.Shen of the present invention Please solved aiming at these problems.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of steam turbine equipment and application method without steam exhaust latent heat, applicant's researchs It was found that simplifying exhaust stage blade and second last stage blade that steam turbine is fallen in optimization, the operating condition area of steam turbine equipment or working region is made to begin It is higher than the critical-temperature of generating working medium eventually, and the steam exhaust temperature that steam turbine is discharged reaches generating working medium critical-temperature, steam exhaust is latent Heat is 0, and latent heat becomes sensible heat, the cryogenic liquid working exported using cryogenic liquid pump, it will be able to realize the condensation of steam exhaust.Compared to biography System steam turbine equipment not only simplifies volume, but also reduces the excessive probability for causing flutter to be broken of traditional turbine blade, improves The efficiency and reliability of steam turbine equipment, and the cost of steam turbine can also be reduced.Pass through steam turbine equipment, cryogenic liquid The effect of the equipment collaborations such as pump, steam exhaust regenerator, realizes a kind of high efficiency electricity generation system for there be not steam exhaust latent heat, described efficient Electricity generation system, without the cooling system in traditional rankine cycle electricity generation system, while improving generating efficiency, moreover it is possible to reduce vapour Turbine equipment cost and power station cost of investment.

The embodiment of the present invention is achieved in that

In a first aspect, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of steam turbine equipment and application method without steam exhaust latent heat, it is described Steam turbine equipment is made of steam turbine inlet end, turbine body and steam turbine outlet side；The working medium of the steam turbine inlet end Temperature and pressure are consistently higher than the steam exhaust temperature and pressure of the steam turbine outlet side；

The steam turbine equipment inlet end Temperature of Working, is consistently higher than the critical-temperature of working medium；

The operating condition area of the steam turbine equipment is not less than the critical-temperature of generating working medium always；

The steam exhaust temperature of the steam turbine equipment outlet side is the critical-temperature of generating working medium, also includes critically weighted Neighbouring temperature (is said it is an extremely accurate point, can not really be accomplished so accurate on working medium Theory of Critical Temperature , it is therefore desirable to including the temperature near critically weighted), thus enable the steam exhaust latent heat of the steam turbine equipment outlet side be Zero；

The steam turbine equipment outlet side connects steam exhaust regenerator, and the steam exhaust regenerator exports low with cryogenic liquid pump Geothermal liquid generating working medium exchanges heat, and enables the cryogenic liquid generating working medium to cool down the high temperature steam exhaust of the steam turbine equipment, And steam exhaust reduction is become into liquid.

For the steam turbine equipment for traditional steam turbine equipment, equipment volume is much smaller；Traditional steam turbine equipment It needs that working medium steam exhaust temperature is reduced to normal boiling point hereinafter, therefore, leading to last stage vane of steam turbine and penult by doing work Blade is very long, causes steam turbine bulky, and comparatively material and manufacturing cost are higher, bulky；The steam turbine is set Standby just " to be removed " from the critically weighted of working medium, the part being removed is that working medium density is relatively low and the bulky portion of steam turbine Point, remove steamer drive end unit and critical-temperature or less part, not only formed without steam exhaust latent heat, and makes steam turbine volume and again Amount and manufacturing cost are all reduced.

Further, the outlet side of the steam turbine equipment is additionally provided with steam exhaust regenerator and cryogenic liquid working storage Device and cryogenic liquid pump and main heat exchanger；

The outlet side of the steam turbine is arranged in the high temperature conduit of the steam exhaust regenerator and the cryogenic liquid working is deposited Between reservoir；The cryogenic pipe of the steam exhaust regenerator is arranged between the cryogenic liquid pump and the main heat exchanger；

The cryogenic liquid working memory, the cryogenic liquid pump, the cryogenic pipe of the steam exhaust regenerator, the master Heat exchanger, the steam turbine equipment, the steam exhaust regenerator high temperature conduit be sequentially connected；The high temperature pipe of the steam exhaust regenerator The outlet on road connects the cryogenic liquid working memory entrance, forms closed loop；

The main heat exchanger is the equipment that generating working medium and system main heat source exchange heat, including be not limited to boiler, Nuclear power boiler, the heat-exchange device of sunlight heat power generation, waste heat boiler, the heat exchanger of high-temperature flue gas hot water waste liquid and underground heat change Any one or more combination of hot device.

Further, the cryogenic liquid working memory is additionally provided with working medium cooling device, the working medium cooling device Interior Temperature of Working be higher than environment when, the working medium cooling device be cooler, the cooler directly with surrounding air or Water heat exchange, enables Temperature of Working reduce；

The working medium cooling device further includes sequentially connected compressor, heat exchanger and reducing pressure by regulating flow device, main use The temperature of working medium is lower than environment in cryogenic liquid working memory；

The compressor is located between the cryogenic liquid working memory and the heat exchanger, the reducing pressure by regulating flow dress It is set between the heat exchanger and the cryogenic liquid working memory, reducing pressure by regulating flow device outlet connection is described low Geothermal liquid working medium memory forms closed loop；

The high temperature conduit of the heat exchanger is located between the compressor and the reducing pressure by regulating flow device, the heat exchange The cryogenic pipe outlet or the temperature end of the steam exhaust regenerator of the steam exhaust regenerator is arranged in the cryogenic pipe of device, and will The thermal energy that the compressor compresses generate, the cryogenic pipe for being discharged into the steam exhaust regenerator exports or the steam exhaust regenerator Temperature end generating working medium in, for generating electricity；

The reducing pressure by regulating flow device includes the throttle valve with reducing pressure by regulating flow function, shut-off valve, expansion valve or expanding machine Equipment；It is preferred that expander plant.

The effect of the reducing pressure by regulating flow device is the throttle valve and expansion valve in swell refrigeration, with refrigeration machine and air-conditioning equipment Function is identical, does not repeat them here.It is preferred that expander plant, can be carried out recycling to the pressure of the compressor apparatus in refrigeration And power generation, and refrigeration effect is more preferable.

It further, further include the encapsulating method more particularly to a kind of cryogenic fluid steam turbine of a kind of steam turbine equipment Encapsulating method, which is characterized in that bearing and its lubrication are arranged in the cryogenic fluid cryogenic fluid steam turbine inlet end In the cylinder body of steam turbine；With the height airtightness structure of steam turbine outer cylinder body, the leakage of the cryogenic fluid steam turbine inlet end is enabled Gas is dropped to close to zero；Cancel what existing steam turbine equipment was installed, it is complicated, and have the high pressure gas sealing system of gas leakage, it uses The height airtightness structure of steam turbine outer shell effectively avoids expensive low-temperature electricity-generating working medium from air inlet port and shaft end It is leaked away at high pressure sealing gland.

Further, cryogenic fluid steam turbine equipment outlet side, bearing and lubrication and gen-set is hidden It is hidden in the cylinder body of steam turbine equipment, and the cylinder body of steam turbine equipment outlet side is improved, in order to be suitble to placement generator； With the height closed structure of steam turbine cylinder, the inlet end of the steam turbine equipment and the hermetic gas leak phenomenon of outlet side are enabled It is preferably minimized；

The both ends of the shaft of the steam turbine equipment moves on in cylinder of steam turbine body, avoids high pressure low temperature generating working medium from the vapour The both ends of turbine equipment shaft leak；Using the height airtightness structure of steam turbine cylinder, expensive low-temperature electricity-generating is avoided Working medium is leaked away from the shaft end of steam turbine.

Further, the bearing of the steam turbine and its lubricating system are located in cylinder of steam turbine body, and with steam turbine into Port and gas outlet maintain certain distance, be arranged using distance between the two and therebetween multiple heat-insulating material and/ Or heat insulating construction, reduce influence of the Temperature of Working to bearing and lubricating oil；The temperature of guarantee bearing and lubricating system is always just Normal range；

Between bearing and its lubricating system and steam turbine air inlet and air outlet in the cylinder of steam turbine body, it is additionally provided with Isolation structure and multi-sealing structure, avoid oil leak from coming out, and pollute steam turbine equipment inlet end and steam turbine is set The generating working medium of standby outlet side；

Optionally, the intracorporal bearing of the steam turbine equipment cylinder and lubricating system are additionally provided with grease pump and lubricating oil mistake Device is filtered, is additionally provided with lubricants capacity probe, lubricating oil and bearing temperature are popped one's head in, in lubricating oil pressure and steam turbine equipment cylinder body The pressure probe in portion；

The lubricating system further includes having lubricating oil temperature regulating device, and the lubricating oil temperature regulating device is to be immersed in profit Heat exchange pipeline in lubricating oil and its system are constituted, the heat exchange pipeline and it is extraneous exchange heat, the Temperature of Working in heat exchange pipeline according to The temperature that lubricating oil needs is adjusted；

Optionally, the lubricating system further includes that lubricating oil appropriate location in cylinder of steam turbine body stores, and further includes outside having The attachment device of lubricating system in portion's oil pipe and cylinder body, after the attachment device and the intracorporal pressure balance of cylinder, to moistening in cylinder body Sliding system supplement or more oil change.

Further, the steam turbine equipment further includes being not limited to expanding machine and pneumatic motor equipment；The expanding machine There is inlet end condition identical with steam turbine, apparatus body and equipment outlet side condition with the pneumatic machine equipment, and have Application method identical with steam turbine equipment.

Optionally, the stationary part of the cryogenic fluid steam turbine equipment and rotating part material are low temperature material, packet It includes and is not limited to austenitic cryogenic steel, ferritic steel for low temperature service and steel alloy, it is full in the cryogenic fluid steam turbine equipment structure The thermal expansion and contraction physical properties of sufficient cryogenic fluid；

Outside the cylinder body of the steam turbine equipment stationary part and exhaust steam in steam turbine outlet is additionally provided with heat insulation layer, heat-insulating material Including being not limited to foamed material, fibrous material, super glass wool, high silica wool, vacuum insulation panel, aeroge；

Working medium in the cryogenic fluid steam turbine equipment be normal boiling point lower than the carbon dioxide of zero degrees celsius, liquid nitrogen, Liquid air, liquid hydrogen, liquid helium, methane, ethane, oxygen, argon gas, common simple gases, hydrocarbon gas substance, gas refrigerant are pure Any one or more combination in object, gas refrigeration agent composition.

Second aspect, the embodiment of the present invention provide a kind of application method of room temperature working medium steam turbine without steam exhaust latent heat, Purpose is to more preferably state the novelty, practicability and the novelty that illustrate the steam turbine equipment, which is characterized in that including such as Lower step:

The generating working medium of the cryogenic liquid working memory storage be water, increased by cryogenic liquid pump be pressed onto it is described weary The cryogenic pipe of vapour regenerator, the steam exhaust for being up to (374 DEG C, latent heat 0) critical-temperature with the temperature of steam turbine output exchange heat, institute It states after water in regenerator cryogenic pipe inhales exhaust steam heat energy, temperature is thus lifted to that (374 DEG C, heat exchanger has 0.5 close to critical-temperature DEG C or more heat transfer temperature difference), then exported from steam exhaust regenerator cryogenic pipe and be heated to 500 into main heat exchanger (such as boiler plant) DEG C or more, water endothermic gasification forms high temperature and high pressure gas, inputs and the steam turbine equipment high speed rotation is driven to do work；And it drives Generator high speed rotation exports electric energy or drives mechanical equipment output mechanical energy；The steam exhaust of the steam turbine equipment output, temperature Degree reach water critical-temperature (374 DEG C, in steam exhaust latent heat be 0), latent heat become sensible heat, using cryogenic liquid pump export water, it is cold The steam exhaust becomes water, and returns to spare in the cryogenic liquid working memory, such circulation for completing a power generation Process；

Water in the cryogenic liquid working memory, then high pressure is promoted to the steam exhaust backheat by cryogenic liquid pump In the cryogenic pipe of device, continue (374 DEG C) exhaust steam heat energy for absorbing steam turbine output, coolant-temperature gage is thus lifted to close to stagnation temperature Degree, and is transported in the main heat exchanger (boiler plant) from the cryogenic pipe of steam exhaust regenerator, be heated to 500 DEG C or more at High temperature and high pressure gas drives the steam turbine equipment high speed rotation to do work and drives electrical power generators, so continuous circulation With continuous power generation output.

Always more than (374 DEG C) critical-temperature, the steam turbine is set for the operating condition area of steam turbine equipment or working region The steam exhaust temperature of standby discharge is the critical-temperature of water.

It should be noted that steam exhaust temperature is more than critical-temperature, latent heat is also 0, but virtually to cause some resources Waste；Steam exhaust temperature is lower than critical-temperature, just will form latent heat in steam exhaust, these latent heat cannot enough steam exhaust regenerator progress Heat and generating power is returned, is merely able to discharge (or there are other purposes), does so the generating efficiency that can reduce system, certainly, Someone wants there are other purposes, and selecting the steam exhaust temperature of steam turbine equipment discharge to control in the critically weighted of water is best side Case because of steam turbine equipment and other reasons, causes the steam exhaust temperature of steam turbine equipment discharge near critically weighted certainly, Should say to be also a kind of normal situation, also should belong to technology scope provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

The third aspect, the embodiment of the present invention is in order to preferably state the novelty for illustrating the steam turbine equipment, practicability And novelty, the application method and technique of a kind of cryogenic fluid steam turbine equipment are additionally provided, is included the following steps:

The cryogenic fluid stored in the cryogenic liquid working memory is normal boiling point down to -180 DEG C of liquid nitrogen below Or liquia air, increase the cryogenic pipe for being pressed onto the steam exhaust regenerator by cryogenic liquid pump, with cryogenic fluid steam turbine The steam exhaust of the temperature of output up to (- 146 DEG C) critical-temperature exchanges heat, and low-temperature electricity-generating working medium inhales the thermal energy of steam exhaust, and temperature is thus lifted to Close to critical-temperature (- 146 DEG C, there is 0.5 DEG C or more of heat transfer temperature difference), and export from steam exhaust regenerator cryogenic pipe to the master Heating in heat exchanger (such as waste heat boiler)；Low-temperature electricity-generating working medium endothermic gasification forms high temperature and pressure air, and drives the low temperature The rotation acting of working medium steam turbine high speed；And it drives generator high speed rotation output electric energy or drives mechanical equipment output mechanical Energy；

The steam exhaust of cryogenic fluid steam turbine output, temperature reaches the critical-temperature of low-temperature electricity-generating working medium, and (liquid nitrogen is critical - 146 DEG C of temperature), the latent heat of vaporization 0, latent heat becomes sensible heat, is exported with cryogenic liquid pump, temperature is down to -180 DEG C of liquid below The cooling steam exhaust of nitrogen, enables the steam exhaust be cooled into the liquid of low temperature, and return in the cryogenic liquid working memory It is spare, so complete the cyclic process of a power generation；

The cryogenic liquid (- 180 DEG C or less liquid nitrogen) stored in the cryogenic liquid working memory, passes through the Low Temperature Liquid Body pump is further added by high pressure and reaches in the cryogenic pipe of the steam exhaust regenerator, continues the steam exhaust for absorbing the output of cryogenic fluid steam turbine Thermal energy (temperature reach at -146 DEG C of critical-temperatures), the temperature of low-temperature electricity-generating working medium are thus lifted to that (- 146 DEG C, have close to critical-temperature 0.5 DEG C or more heat transfer temperature difference), and heating (such as waste heat pot is exported into the main heat exchanger from the cryogenic pipe of steam exhaust regenerator Furnace)；Continue endothermic gasification and drive the cryogenic fluid steam turbine high speed rotation acting at high temperature and pressure air, and drives hair Electric power generation output, so continuous circulation and continuous power generation output.

The steam exhaust temperature of cryogenic fluid steam turbine equipment discharge well below environment temperature, using traditional cooling means without Method realize temperature it is extremely low cryogenic fluid steam exhaust condensation become liquid, cost be also it is very high, unique technical solution is to more The generating working medium liquid of low temperature carries out backheat, and the latent heat in heat transfer requirements cryogenic fluid steam exhaust is necessary for 0, only cryogenic fluid vapour The steam exhaust temperature of turbine equipment discharge reaches critical-temperature or is more than critical-temperature (and belonging to technology scope of the invention), But being more than critical-temperature is a kind of wasting of resources, therefore the steam exhaust temperature of cryogenic fluid steam turbine discharge controls facing in working medium Boundary's temperature spot is preferred plan.

Steam turbine equipment or expanding machine installation gas sealing system need very precision, closely will form excessively with rotating shaft of steam turbine It dawdles and even damages, the excessive a large amount of leakages that will lead to steam in gap.Even if present steam turbine equipment and expander plant The continuous innovation that is sealed in improve, leakage problem still cannot be solved thoroughly, especially Miniature steamer machine equipment and small-sized swollen The problem of swollen machine equipment, shaft sealing gland gas leakage, is still than more serious.

Airtightness of the sealing performance of cylinder body far more than steam turbine equipment sealing gland and expanding machine sealing gland, but traditional steam turbine The reason being not placed in cylinder body is to worry that high-temperature steam enters lubricating oil, will lead to the high temperature emulsification of lubricating oil.It also carries on a shoulder pole simultaneously Heart oil leak enters vapour system, so as to cause the pollution of vapour system.Therefore, even if sealing system is extremely complex, Very accurate, cost is also expensive, closely will form to dawdle excessively with the shaft of steam turbine in operating process and even damage, gap is excessive just It will lead to a large amount of leakages of steam.

This contradiction that also existing sealing technique faces.It is merely able to accomplish as far as possible ultimate attainment, leakage as far as possible is minimum, still In practice, the technical staff of operation worries that the shaft of sealing gland and steam turbine closely will form even damage of dawdling excessively, therefore does not press Accurate adjusting is carried out according to sealing gland design requirement, causes leakage phenomenon serious.The cost of the far super water of low-temperature electricity-generating working medium cost is low It is the very painful thing of part that warm generating working medium, which generates leakage,.

The high-seal performance of steam turbine cylinder, the sealing gland of far super steam turbine and the airtightness of expander plant sealing gland, Low-temperature electricity-generating working medium is able to satisfy to the rigors of sealing, while cryogenic fluid temperature will not so be easy to cause lubricating oil newborn Change.Preferably to control lubricating oil temperature, the embodiment of the present invention is also using increase bearing lubrication and steam turbine air inlet and outlet Mouthful distance, heat-insulating material and/or multiple heat insulating construction, reduction working medium temperature are set with distance between the two and therebetween Spend the influence generated to bearing lubrication；Guarantee that the temperature of bearing and lubricating system is held at normal range (NR) always.

Further, between bearing and lubricating system and steam turbine air inlet and air outlet, be additionally provided with isolation structure and It is multi-sealed, since bearing and lubrication are all in the inside of steam turbine cylinder, inside the pressure and steam turbine cylinder of lubricating oil Pressure difference very little, installation seal oil effectively can avoid oil leak from coming out, and pollute steam turbine air inlet port and go out The generating working medium of gas port；Further, lubricants capacity probe, lubricating oil and bearing temperature probe, and lubrication are additionally provided with Oil pressure and cylinder interior pressure probe；

Further, the lubricating system is additionally provided with the controling adjustment device of lubricating oil temperature, the lubricating oil temperature Controling adjustment device is that the heat exchange pipeline being immersed in lubricating oil and its system are constituted, and the Temperature of Working in heat exchange pipeline can be according to profit The temperature that lubricating oil needs is adjusted, and the heat exchange pipeline exchanges heat with the external world.Further, further include have external oil pipe with After the attachment device of lubricating system in cylinder body, the attachment device and the intracorporal pressure of cylinder realize balance, to lube system in cylinder body System carries out supplement or more oil change.

By the above multiple measure, in the cylinder body of steam turbine equipment, bearing and lubricating oil are sealed in one individually small In space, there is distances with steam turbine air inlet and air outlet for bearing, set using distance between the two and therebetween more Weight heat-insulating material and heat insulating construction and the measures such as multi-sealed, it is ensured that bearing and the absolute safety and temperature-controllable of lubricating oil System.

Even if there are the water vapours of high temperature in steam turbine, will not be multiple to a stringent closed bearing oil exhausted Hot, multi-sealed system generates how many influences, in the case where there is not rupture and serious leak in steam turbine cylinder, high temperature High steam is because the pressure on both sides is complete equipilibrium, and can not usually entering bearing and lubricating oil, this is multiple closed System, while multiple heat insulating construction and multi-sealed measure are set again between the two, cylinder interior pressure is identical, and high temperature and pressure is steamed Vapour is difficult bearing, and this way, while lubricating oil is also difficult to let out.

In order to preferably guarantee that bearing and lubricating oil temperature are constant, lubricating oil system is also in bearing and the closed sky of lubricating oil Between in be provided with heat exchange pipeline and the temperature control system with external heat-exchanging, even if steam-turbine temperature is very high, pass through holding Certain bearing distance and multiple heat-insulating material, multiple heat insulating construction and multi-sealed are set.Also promising bearing oil system It unites individually designed cooling system, even if the height closed structure of steam turbine outer cylinder body is destroyed, high temperature and high pressure steam also can only Largely to external leakage, the bearing arrangement into multiple closed and heavy protection is want, to destroy bearing lubrication in the short time, and Influence the temperature of steam turbine bearing lubricating system, it should which it is difficult to say.As long as we can guarantee within the regular hour The bearing oil of steam turbine equipment is perfectly safe and temperature-controllable, and steam turbine equipment can smoothly realize shutdown and progress Maintenance, therefore would not also influence the safety of steam turbine equipment.

The difficulty for solving sealing gland leakage can be good at height of cylinder airtightness structure using the above Multiple techniques method It inscribes, for low-temperature electricity-generating working medium especially relatively extremely expensive to cost, the sealing of steam turbine equipment and expander plant is one The thing of a very headache can be effectively solved problem using above-mentioned technology, moreover can also reduce equipment manufacturing costs And volume.

The beneficial effect of the embodiment of the present invention is:

The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of steam turbine equipment and application method without steam exhaust latent heat, especially a kind of low temperature The steam turbine equipment and application method of working medium.It is critical that the inlet end Temperature of Working of the steam turbine equipment is consistently higher than generating working medium Temperature；Steam turbine equipment operating condition area is not less than the critical-temperature of generating working medium always；The steam turbine equipment outlet side is defeated Steam exhaust temperature out is the critical-temperature (also including near critically weighted) of generating working medium, and the steam turbine equipment is thus enabled to go out The steam exhaust latent heat at gas end is zero, and latent heat becomes sensible heat, then is absorbed heat with cryogenic liquid generating working medium, realizes and is generated electricity with the liquid of low temperature Working medium condenses steam exhaust；

For the steam turbine equipment for traditional steam turbine equipment, equipment volume is much smaller；Traditional steam turbine equipment Working medium steam exhaust temperature need to be reduced to the normal boiling point of working medium hereinafter, therefore, leading to steam turbine last stage leaf by constantly doing work Piece and second last stage blade are very long, and cause steam turbine volume very huge, and comparatively material and manufacturing cost are also relatively high；

The steam turbine equipment just " is removed " from the critically weighted of working medium, and the part being removed is working medium density and energy Metric density is lower, and is the bulky part of steam turbine equipment, removes steamer drive end unit and critical-temperature or less part, no But without the formation of steam exhaust latent heat, and steam turbine volume weight and manufacturing cost will be made all to obtain very big reduction.

The steam turbine equipment need to increase liquid pump flow to reach identical output power, and liquid pump flow increases The increased power consumption of institute is that paying for very little obtains huge return for generator output.The steam turbine equipment is only sharp With partial heat energy acting power generation (abandoning under critically weighted) more than intake air temperature to critically weighted.Because overcritical The energy density in region is highest, it can be achieved that the smallest equipment volume exports maximum available power.

Cryogenic fluid steam turbine equipment outlet side connects steam exhaust regenerator, the steam exhaust regenerator and cryogenic liquid pump The cryogenic liquid of output exchanges heat, and enables the liquid generating working medium of low temperature to condense the steam exhaust of the steam turbine equipment output, and will be weary Vapour is reduced into liquid；

In the present solution, when steam turbine equipment outlet side output steam exhaust temperature be generating working medium critical-temperature, gas phase with Liquid phase difference disappears, heat of vaporization zero, is exchanged heat using the cryogenic liquid of cryogenic liquid pump output, realizes that steam exhaust condensation becomes low temperature Liquid, and return to spare in cryogenic liquid working memory, formation closed loop.

Traditional thermal power generation, biomass power generation, afterheat generating system, cold end are equipped with the cooling system of off-energy, cause By improving steam exhaust temperature (reaching critical-temperature), enabling heat of vaporization is zero for decrease of power generation, this steam turbine equipment and application method, So as to realize that the steam exhaust of critical-temperature carries out heat exchange and backheat to the liquid generating working medium of low temperature, it is using the technical method It can be realized temperature and reach the steam exhaust condensation of critical-temperature and be turned into cryogenic liquid, while eliminating cooling tower systems again, avoid The waste of energy, greatly improves generating efficiency.

Detailed description of the invention

In order to illustrate the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, below will be to needed in the embodiment attached Figure is briefly described, it should be understood that the following drawings illustrates only certain embodiments of the present invention, therefore is not construed as pair The restriction of range for those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts, can also be according to this A little attached drawings obtain other relevant attached drawings；This is easily done；

It is otherwise noted that the cryogenic liquid pump, the cryogenic liquid working memory, refer to temperature relatively Low liquid is lower than 0 degree Celsius of generating working medium including normal boiling point, while also including the hair that normal boiling point is higher than 0 degree Celsius Electric worker quality liquid.

Fig. 1 is a kind of traditional room temperature steam turbine equipment schematic diagram, is used as reference and comparison uses；

Fig. 2 is a kind of room temperature steam turbine structure schematic diagram without steam exhaust latent heat provided in an embodiment of the present invention；

Fig. 3 is a kind of cryogenic fluid steam turbine for not having steam exhaust latent heat provided in an embodiment of the present invention, and steam turbine is set Standby air inlet end bearing is placed into the intracorporal structural schematic diagram of cylinder；

Fig. 4 is provided for the embodiment of the present invention and a kind of is put steam turbine equipment air inlet end bearing and outlet end bearing and generator Set the intracorporal cryogenic fluid steam turbine structure schematic diagram of cylinder；

Fig. 5 is a kind of application method of the steam turbine equipment without steam exhaust latent heat provided in an embodiment of the present invention and connection knot Structure schematic diagram；

Fig. 6 is a kind of application method of the steam turbine equipment with cryogenic fluid cooling device provided in an embodiment of the present invention And attachment structure schematic diagram；

Icon: 1- rotating shaft of steam turbine；2- entrance bearing block；3- entrance bearing；4- input terminal sealing gland；5- steam turbine equipment cylinder Body；6- impeller of rotor；7- partition board of steam turbine；8- output end sealing gland；9- exports bearing block；10- exports bearing；11- shaft coupling； 12- generator；

13- steam turbine inlet end；14- steam turbine outlet side；

The sealing of 15- inlet end；The sealing of the outlet side 16-；The outlet side 18- bearing lubrication system；19- inlet end bearing lubrication system System；The multiple insulation of 20- air inlet end bearing and sealing system；

21- cryogenic liquid working memory；22- cryogenic liquid pump；23- main heat exchanger (such as boiler)；

24- steam turbine equipment；25- generator；26- compressor；27- reducing pressure by regulating flow device；

100- steam exhaust regenerator；The cryogenic pipe of 101- steam exhaust regenerator；The high temperature conduit of 102- steam exhaust regenerator；200- Heat exchanger；The cryogenic pipe of 201- heat exchanger；The high temperature conduit of 202- heat exchanger；

Specific embodiment

In order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention In attached drawing, technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is A part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.The present invention being usually described and illustrated herein in the accompanying drawings is implemented The component of example can be arranged and be designed with a variety of different configurations.

Therefore, the detailed description of the embodiment of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit below claimed The scope of the present invention, but be merely representative of selected embodiment of the invention.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, this field is common Technical staff's every other embodiment obtained without creative efforts belongs to the model that the present invention protects It encloses.

It should be noted that；Similar label and letter indicate similar terms in following attached drawing, therefore, once a certain Xiang Yi It is defined in a attached drawing, does not then need that it is further defined and explained in subsequent attached drawing.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that term " center ", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", The orientation or positional relationship of the instructions such as "horizontal", "inner", "outside" is to be based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or be somebody's turn to do Invention product using when the orientation or positional relationship usually put, be merely for convenience of description of the present invention and simplification of the description, without It is that the device of indication or suggestion meaning or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, therefore not It can be interpreted as limitation of the present invention.In addition, term " first ", " second ", " third " etc. are only used for distinguishing description, and cannot manage Solution is indication or suggestion relative importance.

In addition, the terms such as term "horizontal", "vertical", " pendency " are not offered as requiring component abswolute level or pendency, and It is that can be slightly tilted.It is not to indicate the structure if "horizontal" only refers to that its direction is more horizontal with respect to for "vertical" It has to fully horizontally, but can be slightly tilted.

In the description of the present invention, it is also necessary to which explanation is unless specifically defined or limited otherwise, term " setting ", " installation ", " connected ", " connection " shall be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be fixedly connected, may be a detachable connection or one Connect to body；It can be mechanical connection, be also possible to be electrically connected；It can be directly connected, it can also be indirect by intermediary It is connected, can be the connection inside two elements.For the ordinary skill in the art, on being understood with concrete condition State the concrete meaning of term in the present invention.The objectives and other advantages of the invention can be by wanting in written specification, right Specifically noted structure is sought in book and attached drawing to be achieved and obtained.

Fig. 1 is a kind of traditional room temperature steam turbine equipment schematic diagram, is used as reference and comparison uses；Steam turbine equipment ontology, It include: rotating shaft of steam turbine 1；Entrance bearing block 2；Entrance bearing 3；Input terminal high pressure sealing gland 4；Steam turbine equipment cylinder body 5；Rotor leaf Wheel 6；Partition board of steam turbine 7；Output end sealing gland 8；Export bearing block 9；Export bearing 10；Shaft coupling 11；Generator 12；

The ontology of steam turbine equipment is collectively formed with upper-part.The steam turbine equipment is by steam turbine inlet end 13；It is above-mentioned Steam turbine equipment ontology, steam turbine outlet side 14 are constituted；

As shown in Figure 1, steam turbine inlet end 13 inputs (535 DEG C or more) high temperature and high pressure steam, pass through turbine body 24 It is high-speed rotating mechanical energy by high steam energy conversion, driven generator 25 exports electric energy；What the inlet end 13 inputted (535 DEG C or more) high temperature and high pressure steam does work later into traditional steam turbine equipment 24, and temperature is reduced to Fig. 1 institute After the critically weighted of (374 DEG C) of label, traditional steam turbine equipment 24 continues to do work and reduces temperature, until vapor (steam) temperature Being reduced to the boiling point of water or less, (because traditional steam turbine end is vacuum pressure, vacuum degree is still steaming lower than boiling point up to 90% Vapour), after as shown in the figure 50 DEG C (practical power plant is 30 DEG C~45 DEG C), low-grade steam exhaust is discharged from steam turbine outlet side 14, Become water by condenser and cooling tower condensation, then passing through water pump lifting is high input voltage boiler, currently all power station is almost It is all to be generated electricity using this Rankine cycle.

Fig. 2 is a kind of room temperature steam turbine structure schematic diagram without steam exhaust latent heat provided in an embodiment of the present invention；Fig. 2 and figure 1 steam turbine inlet end, the first half of turbine body and below master section are identical as traditional steam turbine, but steam turbine Outlet side steam exhaust is significantly different；

Steam turbine inlet end 13 still inputs (535 DEG C or more) high temperature and high pressure steam in Fig. 2, will by turbine body 24 High temperature and high pressure steam energy conversion is high-speed rotating mechanical energy, and driven generator 25 exports electric energy；The steam turbine inlet end 13 input (535 DEG C or more) high temperature and high pressure steams enter continuous acting and reduction temperature after the steam turbine equipment 24, when After temperature is reduced to (374 DEG C) critically weighted that Fig. 2 is marked, steam turbine equipment is expelled directly out (374 DEG C) critically weighted High temperature steam exhaust, critically weighted steam exhaust latent heat be 0, it is defeated with cryogenic liquid pump 22 into steam exhaust regenerator 100 shown in fig. 5 Cold water out carries out heat exchange, to realize high temperature steam exhaust, condensation becomes the water of liquid；

As shown in figure 5, vapour regenerator 100 is by the cryogenic pipe 101 of steam exhaust regenerator and the high temperature conduit of steam exhaust regenerator 102 are constituted, and (374 DEG C) high temperature steam exhaust of steam turbine equipment discharge enters the high temperature conduit 102 of steam exhaust regenerator, with low temperature Liquid pump 22 is output to the cold water in the cryogenic pipe 101 of steam exhaust regenerator and carries out heat exchange；

It is caused the result is that: the entrance of the high temperature conduit 102 of steam exhaust regenerator be (374 DEG C) high temperature steam exhaust, steam exhaust backheat The outlet temperature of the high temperature conduit 102 of device be cryogenic liquid pump 22 export cold water temperature (there are 0.5 DEG C or more of heat exchange temperature Difference)；

The entrance of the cryogenic pipe 101 of steam exhaust regenerator is the cold water that cryogenic liquid pump 22 exports, and absorbs high temperature steam exhaust After thermal energy, the outlet of the cryogenic pipe 101 of steam exhaust regenerator is that (374 DEG C, there are 0.5 DEG C or more change close to critical-temperature The hot temperature difference), the cryogenic pipe 101 of steam exhaust regenerator is since there are high pressure, temperature is lower than critical-temperature, therefore mostly liquid again State.Cold water after the steam exhaust of high temperature (374 DEG C) enters the high temperature conduit 102 of steam exhaust regenerator, with the output of cryogenic liquid pump 22 It exchanges heat, temperature is reduced to critical-temperature quickly hereinafter, the pressure at expulsion due to steam turbine acts on, and steam exhaust condenses quickly As liquid water.

Therefore, 100 major part of steam exhaust regenerator is that the heat exchange of liquid causes steam exhaust to return because the heat exchange efficiency of water is very high The heat exchange efficiency of hot device 100 is also very high, therefore heat transfer temperature difference can be down to 0.5 DEG C, and specific heat transfer temperature difference will depend on weary The heat exchange area of vapour regenerator 100, this is related to cost and heat exchanger volume problem, does not do specifically define herein.

Consider if it is reducing cost and reducing volume, then being output to low temperature from the high temperature conduit 102 of steam exhaust regenerator The temperature of liquid working substance memory 21 will it is high a bit, needing to increase a cooling heat exchanger reduces a temperature being lauched, not so Will lead to the coolant-temperature gage in cryogenic liquid working memory 21 can constantly carry out temperature superimposition, just will form water after reaching boiling point Evaporation, takes away extra thermal energy by water evaporation and the latent heat of vaporization, need to carry out moisturizing；Because coolant-temperature gage increases seldom, while the vaporization of water Latent heat is very huge, therefore the evaporation capacity of water is also little.

The water of the near critical temperature (374 DEG C) exported from the cryogenic pipe 101 of steam exhaust regenerator, is heated into boiler 23 (535 DEG C or more) high temperature and high pressure steam continues to do work and generator is driven to export electric energy into the steam turbine equipment 24.It is described The operating condition area of steam turbine equipment or working region are not less than the critical-temperature of generating working medium always.Therefore, the steam turbine equipment Power generation is only with input terminal (535 DEG C or more) high temperature to (374 DEG C) this section of energy of critical-temperature；

If needed to reach the output power as traditional steam turbine equipment, solved there are two technical solution: first is that After the steam turbine equipment temperature drops to (374 DEG C) critically weighted, still possess enough pressure, it can be by the high pressure steam exhaust Boiler is inputted by pipeline and is reheated to (535 DEG C or more) high temperature, is then driven the second steam turbine equipment again and is driven power generation Machine exports electric energy.If the steam exhaust pressure of the second steam turbine equipment output is still very high, boiler can also be inputted again and reheated It to (535 DEG C or more) high temperature, then drives third steam turbine equipment and generator is driven to export electric energy, do so the general power of output It can obtain double and significantly improve.

The main heat exchanger 23 is changed to sunlight heat power generation heat-exchange device and nuclear power station boiler, this technical side Case be relatively more suitable for solar light-heat power-generation and nuclear power station (biomass, thermal power generation are unsuitable, because flue energy loss compared with Greatly)；It, will be without the cooling tower etc. of the cooling system of traditional solar light-heat power-generation and nuclear power station using this technical solution System not only improves efficiency of plant economic profit, moreover it is possible to avoid water evaporation and the thermal pollution to environment.

Want to use a steam turbine equipment 24 can also be with if, it is only necessary to increase the flow of cryogenic liquid pump 22, Power generation output power is improved by increasing flow.Although increasing flow will lead to 22 power consumption of cryogenic liquid pump, liquid pump Power consumption and the electric energy of huge steam turbine equipment generator output have no way ratio, steam turbine equipment and generator are defeated Electric energy out will far override the electric energy of the consumption of cryogenic liquid pump 22, and calculating will be apparent from.

In addition, energy density of the steam turbine equipment in high temperature and pressure region is very high, high pressure conditions working medium density is also very Height, steam turbine equipment blade thickness is short, can sustain relatively large energy density, therefore, this steamer without steam exhaust latent heat Machine equipment is compact-sized, and volume is smaller, but drive and torque strength it is big, therefore have it is small in size, output power is powerful Advantage.

Fig. 3 is a kind of cryogenic fluid steam turbine for not having steam exhaust latent heat provided in an embodiment of the present invention, and by steam turbine equipment Air inlet end bearing is placed into the intracorporal structural schematic diagram of cylinder；

Cryogenic fluid steam turbine equipment inlet end entrance bearing 3 and inlet end bearing lubrication system 19 shown in Fig. 3 are put It sets in cylinder body, using the height airtightness structure of steam turbine cylinder 5, the gas leakage of the cryogenic fluid steam turbine inlet end is enabled to drop To close to zero；Remove the complexity of steam turbine equipment installation, and there are the input terminal high pressure sealing gland 4 of a large amount of gas leakage, steam turbines The gas pressure that inlet end 13 inputs is very high, and input terminal high pressure sealing gland 4 well can not all prevent gas from leaking again, in addition present The product quality of input terminal high pressure sealing gland 4 is also less desirable.Remove input terminal high pressure sealing gland 4, equipment volume can be reduced, drops Low steam turbine equipment cost.With the height airtightness structure of steam turbine outer shell 5, it is possible to prevente effectively from expensive low-temperature electricity-generating Working medium all the time, leaks away from input terminal high pressure sealing gland 4.

Steam turbine or expander plant installation input terminal high pressure sealing gland 4 and output end sealing gland 8 need unusual precision, high pressure Sealing gland and rotating shaft of steam turbine closely will form to dawdle excessively and even damage, the excessive a large amount of leakages that will lead to steam in sealing gland gap.I.e. Improve the constantly innovation that is sealed in of present steam turbine and expander plant, leakage problem still cannot be solved thoroughly, especially It is Miniature steamer machine equipment and expander plant, the problem of shaft end sealing gland gas leakage is very serious.

The sealing structure of steam turbine equipment cylinder body 5, be far more than the closed of steam turbine sealing gland and expander plant sealing gland Performance.But it is to worry that high temperature and high pressure steam enters bearing and lubricating oil system that traditional steam turbine, which is not placed in the reason in cylinder body, System, it will the high temperature of lubricating oil is caused to emulsify；Worry that oil leak enters vapour system, also simultaneously so as to cause steam system There are the pollutions of lubricating oil in system, therefore, very accurate even if sealing system is extremely complex, expensive, in operating process with The shaft of steam turbine closely will form to dawdle excessively and even damage, and the excessive a large amount of leakages that will lead to steam in gap, this is also existing The most important contradiction that is faced of sealing technique.It is merely able to accomplish as far as possible ultimate attainment, causes leakage minimum, but practicing In, the technical staff of operation worries that the shaft of sealing gland and steam turbine closely will form even damage of dawdling excessively, therefore not according to sealing gland Design requirement carries out accurate adjusting gap, leaks serious phenomenon so as to cause gas, and low-temperature electricity-generating working medium cost will be far more than The cost of water, it is the very painful thing of part that low-temperature electricity-generating working medium, which generates leakage, and installation high pressure sealing gland also results in equipment volume Increase, increased costs.

The high sealing characteristic structure of steam turbine cylinder 5, be considerably beyond the high voltage input terminal high pressure sealing gland 4 of steam turbine equipment With the sealing gland airtight performance of output end sealing gland 8 and expander plant, low-temperature electricity-generating working medium can satisfy to the pole of sealing performance Its harsh demand, while the temperature of cryogenic fluid will not so be easy to cause emulsification of lubricant.

The embodiment of the present invention also using extend bearing at a distance from steam turbine air inlet and air outlet, using between the two away from From with heat-insulating material and heat insulating construction are set therebetween, reduce Temperature of Working and bearing and lubricating oil had an impact；Ensure The temperature of bearing and lubricating system is always in normal range (NR).Since bearing and lubrication are all in the inside of steam turbine equipment cylinder body 5, axis The pressure and the pressure difference very little inside steam turbine equipment cylinder body 5 of bearing lubrication oil, installing multiple seal oil can effectively keep away Exempt from oil leak to come out.Further, lubricants capacity probe, lubricating oil and bearing temperature probe, and lubrication are additionally provided with Oil pressure and cylinder interior pressure probe；

Further, the lubricating system is additionally provided with the heat exchange pipeline being immersed in lubricating oil and temperature is adjusted, further Ground, further includes the attachment device for having lubricating system in external oil pipe and cylinder body, and the attachment device and the intracorporal pressure of cylinder are realized After balance, supplement or more oil change are carried out to lubricating system in cylinder body.

By the above multiple measure, in the cylinder interior of steam turbine equipment, bearing and lubricating oil are sealed in one individually It, will not be to a stringent closed bearing and the small sky of lubricating oil even if there are the water vapours of high temperature in steam turbine inside space Between system generate how many influences.The pressure on both sides is complete equipilibrium, rupture does not occur in steam turbine cylinder and seriously lets out In the case of leakage, high temperature and high pressure steam can not enter bearing and lubricating oil this closed system, and be arranged Multi-sealed and multiple insulated heat measure, even if the height closed structure of steam turbine outer cylinder body 5 is destroyed, high temperature and pressure is steamed Vapour is also merely able to a large amount of gases that externally occur and leaks, and wants the bearing arrangement into multiple closed and heavy protection, it should say tired It is difficult heavy.As long as guaranteeing the bearing safety and temperature-controllable of steam turbine equipment within a certain period of time, steam turbine equipment can be suitable The realization of benefit is shut down and maintenance, would not also influence steam turbine equipment safety.

A kind of cryogenic fluid steam turbine technique is also provided described in Fig. 3, in order to preferably describe this cryogenic fluid The characteristic of steam turbine.The cryogenic fluid that the cryogenic liquid working memory 21 stores is that normal boiling point is below down to -180 DEG C Liquid nitrogen or liquia air increase the cryogenic pipe 101 for being pressed onto steam exhaust regenerator by cryogenic liquid pump 22, with cryogenic fluid vapour Turbine 24 export steam exhaust (- 146 DEG C) critical-temperature heat exchange, low-temperature electricity-generating working medium inhale steam exhaust heat, temperature be thus lifted to close to (- 146 DEG C, there is 0.5 DEG C or more of heat transfer temperature difference), and from the outlet of the cryogenic pipe of steam exhaust regenerator 101 output to main heat exchanger 23 Middle heating；Working medium endothermic gasification forms high temperature and high pressure gas and drives 24 high speed rotation of the cryogenic fluid steam turbine acting；And band Dynamic 25 high speed rotation of generator output electric energy drives mechanical equipment output mechanical energy；

The steam exhaust that cryogenic fluid steam turbine 24 exports, temperature reach generating working medium critical-temperature (liquid nitrogen critical-temperature -146 DEG C), the latent heat of vaporization 0, the temperature exported with cryogenic liquid pump 22 enables steam exhaust cold down to the cooling steam exhaust of -180 DEG C of liquid nitrogen below But the liquid for becoming low temperature returns again to spare in cryogenic liquid working memory 21, so completion cyclic process；

(- 180 DEG C of liquid nitrogen below) liquid stored in cryogenic liquid working memory 21, then pass through cryogenic liquid pump 22 Increase and be pressed onto the cryogenic pipe 101 of the steam exhaust regenerator, continue absorb cryogenic fluid steam turbine 24 export (- 146 DEG C are faced Boundary's temperature) exhaust steam heat energy, the temperature of low-temperature electricity-generating working medium is thus lifted to close to (- 146 DEG C), from the cryogenic pipe of steam exhaust regenerator 101 outputs are heated into main heat exchanger 23；Continue endothermic gasification into high temperature and high pressure gas, and drives cryogenic fluid steam turbine 24 high The power generation output of generator 25 is done work and is driven in speed rotation, and so constantly circulation and continuous power generation export.

As shown in figure 4, steam turbine outlet side 14, by outlet bearing 10 and outlet side bearing lubrication system 18, and power generation Machine 12 is also all hidden into steam turbine equipment cylinder body 5, in order to prevent steam turbine outlet side 14 from cryogenic fluid leakage occurs Phenomenon；Will outlet bearing 10 and outlet side bearing lubrication system 18 and generator 12 be put into a closed space again into The heavy protection of row, the technical method used is identical as the steam turbine equipment high pressure admission end Fig. 3, and condition advantageously is steam turbine The steam exhaust of outlet side 14, temperature and pressure is all relatively low, even if 12 volume of generator is larger, since steam exhaust pressure is small, The rear portion of steam turbine equipment cylinder body 5 be not required to design it is very thick, bearing lubrication below and generator can be protected very well, specifically Technical method is identical as Fig. 3, and also just no longer excessive repetition repeats herein.

It can be good at solving gas with the height airtightness structure of steam turbine equipment cylinder body 5 using above-mentioned technical method Envelope leakage problem, especially relatively expensive low-temperature electricity-generating working medium.The sealing of steam turbine equipment and expander plant is very The thing of headache can be effectively solved problem by adopting the above technical scheme, and can also reduce equipment volume and manufacture at This.

To be preferably illustrated, describe using water as generating working medium；

The generating working medium that the cryogenic liquid working memory 21 stores is water, increased by cryogenic liquid pump 22 be pressed onto it is weary In the cryogenic pipe 101 of vapour regenerator, the steam exhaust exported with steam turbine equipment 24, it is critical that temperature is up to (374 DEG C, latent heat 0) The steam exhaust of temperature exchanges heat, the water in the cryogenic pipe 101 of steam exhaust regenerator, inhales exhaust steam heat energy, and temperature is thus lifted to close to critical Temperature (373 DEG C, there is 0.5 DEG C or more heat transfer temperature difference) is exported to main heat exchanger 23 (such as from the cryogenic pipe 101 of steam exhaust regenerator Boiler plant) in heat (up to 500 DEG C or more), water endothermic gasification inputs and 24 high speed of driving steam turbine equipment at high temperature and pressure Rotation acting；It drives 25 high speed rotation of generator output electric energy or drives mechanical equipment output mechanical energy.

The steam exhaust that steam turbine equipment 24 exports, temperature reach the critical-temperature (374 DEG C, latent heat 0) of water, use cryogenic liquid The water at low temperature of 22 output of pump, cooling high temperature steam exhaust become water.

As shown in figure 5, vapour regenerator 100 is by the cryogenic pipe 101 of steam exhaust regenerator and the high temperature conduit of steam exhaust regenerator 102 are constituted, and (374 DEG C) high temperature steam exhaust that steam turbine equipment 24 is discharged enters the high temperature conduit 102 of steam exhaust regenerator, and low Geothermal liquid pump 22 is output to the cold water in the cryogenic pipe 101 of steam exhaust regenerator and carries out heat exchange；

It is caused the result is that: the entrance of the high temperature conduit 102 of steam exhaust regenerator be (374 DEG C) high temperature steam exhaust, steam exhaust backheat The outlet temperature of the high temperature conduit 102 of device, (there are 0.5 DEG C or more of heat exchange temperature for the cold water temperature exported for cryogenic liquid pump 22 Difference)；

The entrance of the cryogenic pipe 101 of steam exhaust regenerator is the cold water that cryogenic liquid pump 22 exports, and absorbs high temperature steam exhaust After thermal energy, the outlet of the cryogenic pipe 101 of steam exhaust regenerator is that (374 DEG C, there are 0.5 DEG C or more change close to critical-temperature The hot temperature difference), the cryogenic pipe 101 of steam exhaust regenerator is since there are high pressure, temperature is lower than critical-temperature, therefore mostly liquid again State.Cold water after the steam exhaust of high temperature (374 DEG C) enters the high temperature conduit 102 of steam exhaust regenerator, with the output of cryogenic liquid pump 22 Exchange heat, temperature be reduced to critical-temperature quickly hereinafter, due to steam turbine pressure at expulsion act on, be also condensed into quickly For liquid.

The water of the near critical temperature (374 DEG C) exported from the cryogenic pipe 101 of steam exhaust regenerator, is heated into boiler (500 DEG C or more) high temperature and high pressure steam continues to do work and generator is driven to export electric energy into steam turbine equipment 24.So constantly Circulation and continuous power generation output, the operating condition area of steam turbine equipment 24 or working region, are not less than the critical-temperature of water always (374 DEG C or more).Therefore, steam turbine equipment power generation only using input terminal (500 DEG C or more) high temperature to (374 DEG C) critical-temperature this Duan Nengliang.

Cryogenic fluid cooling device shown in Fig. 6 includes sequentially connected compressor 26, heat exchanger 200 and throttling drop Pressure device 27,

The cryogenic fluid gas evaporated in cryogenic liquid working memory 21 is collapsed into high temperature and pressure by compressor 26, High temperature heat amount is replaced in the low-temperature electricity-generating working medium exported to the cryogenic pipe 101 of steam exhaust regenerator by heat exchanger 200, Or exchange heat with the temperature end of steam exhaust regenerator 100, the high temperature heat amount displacement that compressor 26 is generated to low-temperature electricity-generating working medium In for generating electricity.The low temperature that the cryogenic pipe 101 of high temperature heat amount displacement to steam exhaust regenerator that compressor 26 generates is exported It exchanges heat in generating working medium or with 100 temperature end of steam exhaust regenerator, it is therefore an objective to improve efficiency.If steam exhaust regenerator 100 is arrived in displacement Low-temperature end is equivalent to oneself and exchanges heat with oneself, and being not achieved reduces Temperature of Working and play the role of working medium cooling device.

The reducing pressure by regulating flow device 27 includes the throttle valve, shut-off valve, expansion valve with reducing pressure by regulating flow function, principle with The throttle valve of refrigeration air-conditioner is identical with the swell refrigeration principle of expansion valve, just no longer excessively repeats here；The reducing pressure by regulating flow dress Set 27 preferred expander plants.It is the high pressure that compressor 26 generates in 27 entrance of expander plant, the outlet of expanding machine 27 is low Pressure is fully able to realize differential pressure power generation, and recycles the pressure energy of the generation of compressor 26, belongs to a kind of technology of energy conservation of compressor Scheme.After expander plant 27 is done work simultaneously, due to there is energy output, as a result, the Temperature of Working that expander plant 27 exports It is more low.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to restrict the invention, for the skill of this field For art personnel, the invention may be variously modified and varied.All within the spirits and principles of the present invention, made any to repair Change, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. a kind of steam turbine equipment and application method without steam exhaust latent heat, which is characterized in that the steam turbine equipment is by steamer Machine inlet end, turbine body and steam turbine outlet side are constituted；The Temperature of Working and pressure of the steam turbine inlet end are high always Steam exhaust temperature and pressure in the steam turbine outlet side；

The steam exhaust temperature of the steam turbine equipment outlet side is the critical-temperature of generating working medium, thus enables the steam turbine equipment The steam exhaust latent heat of outlet side is zero；

The steam turbine equipment outlet side connects steam exhaust regenerator, the Low Temperature Liquid of the steam exhaust regenerator and cryogenic liquid pump output Body generating working medium exchanges heat, and enables the cryogenic liquid generating working medium to cool down the steam exhaust of the steam turbine equipment.

2. steam turbine equipment according to claim 1 and application method, which is characterized in that the outlet of the steam turbine equipment End is additionally provided with steam exhaust regenerator and cryogenic liquid working memory and cryogenic liquid pump and main heat exchanger；

The high temperature conduit of the steam exhaust regenerator be arranged in the steam turbine outlet side and the cryogenic liquid working memory Between；The cryogenic pipe of the steam exhaust regenerator is arranged between the cryogenic liquid pump and the main heat exchanger；

The cryogenic liquid working memory, the cryogenic liquid pump, the cryogenic pipe of the steam exhaust regenerator, the main heat exchange Device, the steam turbine equipment, the steam exhaust regenerator high temperature conduit be sequentially connected；The high temperature conduit of the steam exhaust regenerator Outlet connects the cryogenic liquid working memory entrance, forms closed loop；

The main heat exchanger is generating working medium and the equipment that system main heat source exchanges heat, including is not limited to boiler, nuclear power Boiler, the heat-exchange device of sunlight heat power generation, waste heat boiler, high-temperature flue gas hot water waste liquid heat exchanger and geothermal heat exchanger Any one or more combination.

3. steam turbine equipment according to claim 2 and application method, which is characterized in that the cryogenic liquid working storage Device is additionally provided with cryogenic fluid cooling device；The cryogenic fluid cooling device includes sequentially connected compressor, heat exchanger With reducing pressure by regulating flow device；

The compressor is located between the cryogenic liquid working memory and the heat exchanger, and the reducing pressure by regulating flow device is set Between the heat exchanger and the cryogenic liquid working memory, the reducing pressure by regulating flow device outlet connects the Low Temperature Liquid Body working medium memory forms closed loop；

The high temperature conduit of the heat exchanger is located between the compressor and the reducing pressure by regulating flow device, the heat exchanger The cryogenic pipe outlet or the temperature end of the steam exhaust regenerator of the steam exhaust regenerator is arranged in cryogenic pipe, and will be described The thermal energy that compressor compresses generate, be discharged into the steam exhaust regenerator cryogenic pipe outlet or the steam exhaust regenerator In the generating working medium of temperature end, for generating electricity；

The reducing pressure by regulating flow device includes that the throttle valve with reducing pressure by regulating flow function, shut-off valve, expansion valve or expanding machine are set It is standby；It is preferred that expander plant.

4. steam turbine equipment according to claim 1 and application method further include a kind of encapsulating method of steam turbine equipment, More particularly to a kind of encapsulating method of cryogenic fluid steam turbine, which is characterized in that the inlet end of the cryogenic fluid steam turbine, it will Bearing and its lubrication are arranged in the cylinder body of the cryogenic fluid steam turbine；With the height airtightness structure of steam turbine outer cylinder body, The gas leakage of the cryogenic fluid steam turbine inlet end is enabled to drop to close to zero；Cancel what existing steam turbine equipment was installed, it is complicated , and there is the high pressure gas sealing system of gas leakage, with the height airtightness structure of steam turbine outer shell, effectively avoids expensive low Warm generating working medium leaks away at the high pressure sealing gland of air inlet port and shaft end.

5. steam turbine equipment according to claim 4 and application method, which is characterized in that the cryogenic fluid steam turbine is set Bearing and lubrication and gen-set are hidden into the cylinder body of steam turbine equipment, and set to steam turbine by standby outlet side The cylinder body of standby outlet side improves, in order to be suitble to placement generator；With the height closed structure of steam turbine cylinder, the vapour is enabled The gas leak phenomenon of the high pressure sealing gland of the inlet end and outlet side of turbine equipment is preferably minimized；

The shaft of the steam turbine equipment moves on at both ends in cylinder of steam turbine body, avoids high pressure low temperature generating working medium from the steamer The both ends of machine shaft leak；Using the height airtightness structure of steam turbine cylinder, avoid expensive low-temperature electricity-generating working medium from The shaft end of steam turbine leaks away.

6. according to cryogenic fluid steam turbine equipment and application method described in claim 4-5, which is characterized in that the steam turbine The intracorporal bearing of cylinder and lubricating system are located in cylinder of steam turbine body, and maintain a spacing with the air inlet and air outlet of steam turbine From using distance between the two and multiple heat-insulating material and heat insulating construction is arranged therebetween and multiple sealing is arranged It applies, it is ensured that the small space of bearing lubrication is perfectly safe, and reduces influence of the working medium to bearing and lubricating oil；Ensure bearing and lube system The safety and bearing temperature of system are always in controlled range；

Optionally, the bearing in the cylinder of steam turbine body and its between lubricating system and steam turbine air inlet and air outlet, setting There are isolation structure and multiple sealing structure, oil leak is avoided to come out, and pollutes steam turbine equipment inlet end and steamer The generating working medium of machine equipment outlet side；

Optionally, the intracorporal bearing of the steam turbine equipment cylinder and lubricating system further include having grease pump and lubrication oil filtration dress It sets, lubricants capacity probe, lubricating oil and bearing temperature probe, the pressure of lubricating oil pressure and steam turbine equipment cylinder interior is visited Head；

Optionally, the lubricating system further includes having the regulating device of lubricating oil temperature, and the lubricating oil temperature regulating device is The heat exchange pipeline and its control system being immersed in lubricating oil are constituted, the heat exchange pipeline and extraneous heat exchange, the work in heat exchange pipeline Matter temperature can be adjusted according to the temperature that lubricating oil needs；

Optionally, the lubricating system further includes the storage of lubricating oil appropriate location in cylinder of steam turbine body, further includes external oil After the attachment device of pipe and lubricating system in cylinder body, the attachment device and the intracorporal pressure balance of cylinder, to lube system in cylinder body System carries out supplement or more oil change.

7. steam turbine equipment described in -6 and application method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the steam turbine equipment also wraps It includes and is not limited to expanding machine and pneumatic motor equipment；The expanding machine and the pneumatic machine equipment have identical as steam turbine equipment Inlet end condition, apparatus body and equipment outlet side condition, and there is application method identical with steam turbine equipment.

8. cryogenic fluid steam turbine equipment and application method described in -7 according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the low temperature work The stationary part and rotating part material of matter steam turbine equipment be low temperature material, including be not limited to austenitic cryogenic steel, Ferritic steel for low temperature service and steel alloy meet cryogenic fluid in the cryogenic fluid steam turbine equipment structure and expand with heat and contract with cold physics spy Property；

Outside the cylinder body of the steam turbine equipment stationary part and exhaust steam in steam turbine outlet is additionally provided with heat insulation layer, and heat-insulating material includes It is not limited to foamed material, fibrous material, super glass wool, high silica wool, vacuum insulation panel, aeroge；

Working medium in the cryogenic fluid steam turbine equipment be normal boiling point lower than the carbon dioxide of zero degrees celsius, liquid nitrogen, liquid air, Liquid hydrogen, liquid helium, methane, ethane, oxygen, argon gas, common simple gases, hydrocarbon gas substance, gas refrigerant pure substance, gas Any one or more combination in refrigerant mixture.

9. a kind of application method of the room temperature working medium steam turbine equipment without steam exhaust latent heat, any suitable for claim 1-7 The item steam turbine equipment and application method, which is characterized in that

Include the following steps:

The generating working medium of the cryogenic liquid working memory storage is water, is increased by cryogenic liquid pump and is pressed onto the steam exhaust time The cryogenic pipe of hot device, the steam exhaust for being up to (374 DEG C, latent heat 0) critical-temperature with the temperature of steam turbine output exchanges heat, described weary After water in the cryogenic pipe of vapour regenerator absorbs high temperature exhaust steam heat energy, temperature is thus lifted to that (374 DEG C, change close to critical-temperature Hot device has 0.5 DEG C or more of heat transfer temperature difference), then export from the cryogenic pipe of steam exhaust regenerator to main heat exchanger (such as boiler plant) In be heated to 500 DEG C or more, water endothermic gasification forms the gas of high temperature and pressure, inputs and the steam turbine equipment high speed is driven to revolve Turn acting；And it drives generator high speed rotation output electric energy or drives mechanical equipment output mechanical energy；

The steam exhaust of steam turbine equipment output, temperature reaches the critical-temperature of water, and (374 DEG C, latent heat is that 0), latent heat becomes in steam exhaust Sensible heat, the water exported using cryogenic liquid pump, the cooling high temperature steam exhaust becomes liquid water, and returns to the cryogenic liquid work It is spare in matter memory, so complete the cyclic process of a power generation；

Water in the cryogenic liquid working memory, then high pressure is promoted to the steam exhaust regenerator by cryogenic liquid pump In cryogenic pipe, continue (374 DEG C) the high temperature exhaust steam heat energy for absorbing steam turbine output, coolant-temperature gage is thus lifted to close to stagnation temperature Degree, and be delivered in the main heat exchanger (boiler plant) from the cryogenic pipe of steam exhaust regenerator, being heated to 500 DEG C or more becomes The gas of high temperature and high pressure drives the steam turbine equipment high speed rotation to do work and drives electrical power generators, so constantly follows Ring and continuous power generation output.

Always more than (374 DEG C) critical-temperature, the steam turbine is set for the operating condition area of the steam turbine equipment or working region The steam exhaust temperature of standby discharge is the critical-temperature of water.

10. a kind of application method of cryogenic fluid steam turbine equipment, sets suitable for the described in any item steam turbines of claim 1-8 Standby and application method, which is characterized in that

Include the following steps:

The cryogenic fluid stored in the cryogenic liquid working memory be normal boiling point down to -180 DEG C of liquid nitrogen below or Liquia air increases the cryogenic pipe for being pressed onto the steam exhaust regenerator by cryogenic liquid pump, exports with cryogenic fluid steam turbine Temperature up to (- 146 DEG C) critical-temperature steam exhaust exchange heat, low-temperature electricity-generating working medium inhale steam exhaust thermal energy, temperature is thus lifted to close Critical-temperature (- 146 DEG C, there is 0.5 DEG C or more of heat transfer temperature difference), and export from the cryogenic pipe of steam exhaust regenerator to the master and change Heating in hot device (such as waste heat boiler)；Low-temperature electricity-generating working medium endothermic gasification forms high temperature and pressure air and drives the cryogenic fluid Steam turbine high speed rotation acting；And it drives generator high speed rotation output electric energy or drives mechanical equipment output mechanical energy；

The steam exhaust of the cryogenic fluid steam turbine output, temperature reach critical-temperature (the liquid nitrogen critical-temperature-of low-temperature electricity-generating working medium 146 DEG C), the latent heat of vaporization 0, latent heat becomes sensible heat, is exported with cryogenic liquid pump, and temperature is cooling down to -180 DEG C of liquid nitrogen below The steam exhaust enables the steam exhaust be cooled into the liquid of low temperature, and return it is spare in the cryogenic liquid working memory, such as This completes the cyclic process of a power generation；

The cryogenic liquid (- 180 DEG C or less liquid nitrogen) stored in the cryogenic liquid working memory, passes through the cryogenic liquid pump It is further added by high pressure to reach in the cryogenic pipe of the steam exhaust regenerator, continues the exhaust steam heat energy for absorbing the output of cryogenic fluid steam turbine (temperature reach at -146 DEG C of critical-temperatures), the temperature of low-temperature electricity-generating working medium are thus lifted to that (- 146 DEG C, there is 0.5 DEG C close to critical-temperature The above heat transfer temperature difference), and heating (such as waste heat boiler) is exported into the main heat exchanger from the cryogenic pipe of steam exhaust regenerator；After Continuous endothermic gasification drives the cryogenic fluid steam turbine high speed rotation acting at high temperature and pressure air, and generator is driven to send out Electricity output, so continuous circulation and continuous power generation output.