CN109353101A - 一种针对汽车高频啸叫的内前围隔音垫 - Google Patents
一种针对汽车高频啸叫的内前围隔音垫 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种针对汽车高频啸叫的内前围隔音垫,提升汽车尤其是电动车中高频噪声的隔声效果,在兼顾成本质量的前提下,提升汽车尤其是电动车的隔声水平。其技术方案为:本发明利用吸声材料轻质的特点来确保轻量化产品,同时加入一层不透气的隔声膜来克服吸音材料透气的缺点,并合理设计和匹配多层材料之间阻抗的变化来提高声压在材料表面的放射率,最终确保隔声量优于传统产品。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及汽车配件中的声学零件,具体涉及用于隔绝动力总成噪声的汽车内前围隔音垫。
背景技术
汽车内前围隔音垫属于车辆重要的声学零件,用于隔绝动力总成噪声。汽车内前围隔音垫1的安装位置如图1所示,即安装在发动机舱和乘客舱之间,其作用是隔绝动力总成的空气辐射噪声向乘客舱的传递,从而确保车辆整体的声学性能。
一般来说,传统的汽车内前围隔音垫通常由多层材料构成类似三明治结构,如图2A至2C所示,隔音垫中的第一层为海绵层11,第二层为重层12。
因为动力来源机理不同,电动车与内燃机车的动力总成噪声频谱特性差异很大。
对于内燃机车,加速过程中存在燃烧特性、活塞回转惯性力、扭矩波动等剧烈的低频激励,从而导致发动机舱内的噪声频谱特性存在低频能量高,中高频能量低的特点。
对于电动车,加速过程中不存在剧烈的低频激励,但是存在电机高阶次激励、逆变器高频电磁力激励。由于背景噪声不同,导致电动车高频掩蔽效应较弱。高频电机阶次噪声和逆变器电磁调制噪声容易被顾客感知并引起烦恼。
此外,因为电池续航里程的局限,电动车一方面在开发提升电池储能的开发,另一方面更加重视轻量化工作。内前围隔音垫是一个较重的零件,在满足声学要求的前提下,轻量化的潜力比较大。
传统内前围隔音垫采用的吸声材料由多孔材料构成,材料重量轻,但是隔声效果不好,典型材料为毛毡和海绵;采用的隔声材料由致密的材料构成,微观结构为闭孔材料,典型材料为EPDM、EVA、钢板等高密度材料。
一般根据车型定位和发动机特性的不同选用不同的材料组分,列表如下:
目前业界产品的开发理念有两种,第一种为吸声概念,即采用单纯的吸声材料,通过多孔材料的吸声特性来隔绝发动机噪声,该产品隔声性能较差,但是质量很轻,例如前面介绍的No.1、NO.2、NO.3、No.4这几种材料规格的产品。其材料层的构成如图3A所示,为两层多孔吸声材料层,图3B显示了声波经过各层材料时的反射情况,在上层的多孔吸声材料中阻抗变化率大,在下层的多孔吸声材料中阻抗变化率小。第二种为隔声概念,即采用在吸音材料中添加重层材料构成产品,常见的重层材料有EPDM和EVA。其设计思路是通过提高重层的质量来提高隔声量,产品往往很重,但是隔声效果较好,例如前面介绍的No.5材料规格产品。其材料层的构成如图4A所示,为一层隔声材料和一层多孔吸声材料共同构成,图4B显示了声波经过各层材料时的反射情况,两层中的阻抗变化率大。
发明内容
以下给出一个或多个方面的简要概述以提供对这些方面的基本理解。此概述不是所有构想到的方面的详尽综览,并且既非旨在指认出所有方面的关键性或决定性要素亦非试图界定任何或所有方面的范围。其唯一的目的是要以简化形式给出一个或多个方面的一些概念以为稍后给出的更加详细的描述之序。
本发明的目的在于解决上述问题,提供了一种针对汽车高频啸叫的内前围隔音垫,提升汽车尤其是电动车中高频噪声的隔声效果,在兼顾成本质量的前提下,提升汽车尤其是电动车的隔声水平。
本发明的技术方案为:本发明揭示了一种针对汽车高频啸叫的内前围隔音垫,包括:
硬质毛毡层;
海绵层;
隔声膜层,夹在硬质毛毡层和海绵层之间。
根据本发明的针对汽车高频啸叫的内前围隔音垫的一实施例,隔声膜层为非通气薄膜,硬质毛毡层为热压成型高密度毛毡。
根据本发明的针对汽车高频啸叫的内前围隔音垫的一实施例,硬质毛毡层的材料组分为棉、聚苯烯和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯共同构成,技术要求为面密度1500g/m2±50g/m2。
根据本发明的针对汽车高频啸叫的内前围隔音垫的一实施例,隔声膜层的材料组分为聚酰胺和聚乙烯共同构成,技术要求为面密度为130g/m2±15g/m2,具备闭孔特性以使空气无法穿透。
根据本发明的针对汽车高频啸叫的内前围隔音垫的一实施例,海绵层的材料组分为聚氨酯,技术要求为体密度为65Kg/m3±20g/m3,杨氏模量<50kN/m2,阻尼系数>0.2。
根据本发明的针对汽车高频啸叫的内前围隔音垫的一实施例,硬质毛毡层和海绵层的厚度比为1:3至1:4的范围内。
本发明对比现有技术有如下的有益效果:本发明与传统的吸声概念和隔声概念的设计理念不同,利用吸声材料轻质的特点来确保轻量化产品,同时加入一层不透气的隔声膜来克服吸音材料透气的缺点,并合理设计和匹配多层材料之间阻抗的变化来提高声压在材料表面的放射率,最终确保隔声量优于传统产品。
附图说明
在结合以下附图阅读本公开的实施例的详细描述之后,能够更好地理解本发明的上述特征和优点。在附图中,各组件不一定是按比例绘制,并且具有类似的相关特性或特征的组件可能具有相同或相近的附图标记。
图1示出了内前围隔音垫在汽车上的安装位置的示意图。
图2A至2C示出了传统的内前围隔音垫的零件构成的示意图。
图3A、3B、4A和4B分别示出了传统的内前围隔音垫的材料层构成的示意图。
图5A和5B示出了本发明的内前围隔音垫的一实施例的材料层构成的示意图。
图6示出了材料声学试验中的插入损失测试的原理图。
图7示出了插入损失测试的试验结果的示意图。
图8示出了材料声学试验中的隔声量测试的试验结果的示意图。
图9示出了材料声学试验中的整车测试的试验结果的示意图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作详细描述。注意,以下结合附图和具体实施例描述的诸方面仅是示例性的,而不应被理解为对本发明的保护范围进行任何限制。
图5A示出了本发明的针对汽车高频啸叫的内前围隔音垫的一实施例的结构,如图5A所示,本实施例的内前围隔音垫由三层材料层构成。第一材料层为硬质毛毡层21(也可称为热压成型高密度毛毡),是一种多孔吸声材料,其材料组分为CO(即Cotton,棉)、PP(即Polypropylene,聚苯烯,可用于化工纤维的原料)、PET(即Polyethylene terephthalate,聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯,可用于化工纤维的原料)共同构成,技术要求为面密度1500g/m2±50g/m2。
第二材料层为隔声膜22(也可称为非通气薄膜),其材料组分为PA(即Polyamide,聚酰胺)和PE(即Polyethylene,聚乙烯)共同构成,技术要求为面密度为130g/m2±15g/m2,具备闭孔特性,空气无法穿过该层薄膜。
第三材料层为海绵层23,也是一种多孔吸声材料,其材料组分为PUR(即Polyurethane,聚氨酯),技术要求为体密度为65Kg/m3±20g/m3,杨氏模量<50kN/m2,阻尼系数>0.2。
其中第一材料层(硬质毛毡层)和第三材料层(海绵层)的厚度比为1:3至1:4的范围内。
对于本实施例来说,隔声膜22的闭孔特性是非常重要的。其原理是声波经过不同阻抗的介质表面时会发生反射现象。声波反射率的大小与相邻介质的阻抗差异相关。公式如下:
其中,Z2:声波透射介质的阻抗,单位Ns/m3。
Z1:声波入射介质的阻抗,单位Ns/m3。
r:声波反射率。
本实施例能够大大提高的不同材料之间的声传递阻抗变化率,从而提高声波经过各层材料时的反射率,其声波经过材料表面反射现象如图5B所示,在硬质毛毡层21中的阻抗变化率大,在海绵层23中的阻抗变化率也大。由于考虑了阻抗变化的影响,因此本实施例的多层材料结构的次序是隔声膜22被夹在硬质毛毡层21和海绵层23之中。
以下用材料声学试验来验证本发明的内前围隔音垫的效果。
制作传统样件(前述背景技术部分的列表中的编号No.1、No.2、No.3、No.4、No.5)和本发明的产品样件(编号为No.6)进行材料级试验。
1、插入损失测试
插入损失公式为:
IL=L0-L
其中,IL:插入损失,单位dB
L0:隔声结构设置前声压级,单位dB
L:隔声结构设置后声压级,单位dB
设备信息为:
APAMATⅡ(Switzerland Aotuneum)
Frequency range:100to 10000Hz
样件信息为:
样件尺寸:840×840mm
样件类型:平板样件
试验方法如下:
声源激励为滚珠击打发声铁板31的撞击噪声;
理想铁板32放置在试验样件33的下方;
测试用的麦克风放置在接受室相同的位置,试验布置如图6所示。
测试结果如图7所示,No.1、No.2、No.3、No.4、No.5五种材料组分的插入损失结果符合各自材料技术特点。No.6本发明的材料组分产品在1000Hz~4000Hz具备较好的插入损失。
2、隔声量测试
基于APAMAT的插入损失具备快速试验的特点,能够快速排查研发方向是否正确。但是由于设备尺寸较小,声源激励稳定性未能监测,与实际车辆空间和零件尺寸差距较大等因素,导致试验结果与实际车辆表现存在一定差异。如果想得到更加精确的结果,需要进行窗口试验下的隔声量测试。
隔声量定义:
TL=10*log(Wi/Wt)
其中TL:隔声量,单位dB
Wi:入射声功率,单位Kw
Wt:透射声功率,单位Kw
利用声强法测隔声量原理得到:
TL=SPLi-SILt-6,单位dB
其中SPLi:入射声压级,单位dB
SILt:透射声强级,单位dB
试验设备:
混响室:体积(7.6x6.4x4.5=218.88m3),测试频率(100Hz~10000Hz)。
半消声室:体积(7.5x6.8x4.7=242m^3),自由场半径(大于2m),背景噪声(小于25dB)。
BK数据采集系统
试验样件:
样件尺寸:1200×1200mm
样件类型:平板样件
试验方法:
混响室发出声源,通过样件到达半消声室。
通过对比通过样件前的声压级和接收室的声强级计算出样件隔声量。
试验结果如图8所示,No.1、No.2、No.3、No.4、No.5五种材料组分的插入损失结果符合各自材料技术特点。No.6的本发明的材料组分产品具备较好的插入损失,趋势与插入损失结果一致。
3、整车测试
评价指标:
对于高频噪声,业界用语言清晰度评估,其定义如下:
这里使用扩展至224.7%的计权形式。
试验设备为:
Head SQlab II声振测量系统
Artemis数据分析系统
试验样件为:
根据新的材料组分,制作出样件装车。
试验方法为:
将2种规格的零件装车,在试车道上行驶加速过程中测试前排人耳处的语言清晰度。
试验结果如图9所示,通过整车测试,本发明的整车实际表现如下表:
提供对本公开的先前描述是为使得本领域任何技术人员皆能够制作或使用本公开。对本公开的各种修改对本领域技术人员来说都将是显而易见的,且本文中所定义的普适原理可被应用到其他变体而不会脱离本公开的精神或范围。由此,本公开并非旨在被限定于本文中所描述的示例和设计,而是应被授予与本文中所公开的原理和新颖性特征相一致的最广范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种针对汽车高频啸叫的内前围隔音垫,其特征在于,包括:
硬质毛毡层;
海绵层;
隔声膜层,夹在硬质毛毡层和海绵层之间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的针对汽车高频啸叫的内前围隔音垫,其特征在于,隔声膜层为非通气薄膜,硬质毛毡层为热压成型高密度毛毡。
3.根据权利要求2所述的针对汽车高频啸叫的内前围隔音垫,其特征在于,硬质毛毡层的材料组分为棉、聚苯烯和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯共同构成,技术要求为面密度1500g/m2±50g/m2。
4.根据权利要求3所述的针对汽车高频啸叫的内前围隔音垫,其特征在于,隔声膜层的材料组分为聚酰胺和聚乙烯共同构成,技术要求为面密度为130g/m2±15g/m2,具备闭孔特性以使空气无法穿透。
5.根据权利要求4所述的针对汽车高频啸叫的内前围隔音垫,其特征在于,海绵层的材料组分为聚氨酯,技术要求为体密度为65Kg/m3±20g/m3,杨氏模量<50kN/m2,阻尼系数>0.2。
6.根据权利要求1所述的针对汽车高频啸叫的内前围隔音垫,其特征在于,硬质毛毡层和海绵层的厚度比为1:3至1:4的范围内。
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