CN109338188B - High-temperature creep resistant high-performance magnesium alloy material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-temperature creep resistant high-performance magnesium alloy material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109338188B CN109338188B CN201811385569.9A CN201811385569A CN109338188B CN 109338188 B CN109338188 B CN 109338188B CN 201811385569 A CN201811385569 A CN 201811385569A CN 109338188 B CN109338188 B CN 109338188B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C23/00—Alloys based on magnesium
- C22C23/06—Alloys based on magnesium with a rare earth metal as the next major constituent
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/06—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of magnesium or alloys based thereon
Abstract
The invention provides a high-temperature creep resistant high-performance magnesium alloy material and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of metal structure materials. The high-strength rare earth-magnesium alloy material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: mn: 0.5-2.0 wt.%; nd: 4.0-9.0 wt.%; ni: 2.0-4.0 wt.%, and Mg as the rest, wherein the content of other inevitable impurities is less than or equal to 0.03 wt.%. The alloy is prepared by casting, homogenizing treatment, hot extrusion and aging treatment. The invention adds alloying elements with specific percentage content into the magnesium alloy, and adopts certain preparation process to form novel Mg in the magnesium alloy12Nd1Ni1The phase has extremely high-temperature stability, can exist stably for a long time at the high temperature of 250 ℃, still plays a role in strengthening the alloy at the high temperature, and can obviously improve the strength and the high-temperature stability of the alloy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of metal structure materials, and particularly relates to a high-temperature creep resistant high-performance magnesium alloy material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In recent years, with the rapid development of the fields of automobile manufacturing, aerospace, weaponry, electronics 3C and the like, the demand of China for high-performance structure weight-reducing materials is more urgent. As the lightest metal structure material (density 1.4-1.6 g/cm)-3) The magnesium alloy exhibits great advantages and potentials in the above fields by virtue of high specific strength, specific stiffness and good electromagnetic shielding performance. Compared with aluminum alloy, the application of magnesium alloy is quite differentOne is the lack of adequate high temperature performance, which greatly limits industrial applications. The main obstacles that currently limit the service of magnesium alloys under high temperature conditions are the low high temperature strength and poor creep resistance of magnesium alloys, such as the application in engines and engines of automobiles and aircrafts, which require good high temperature mechanical properties and creep resistance. With the development of military industry in China and the improvement of the requirements of people on product performance, the improvement of the high-temperature creep property of the magnesium alloy is urgently needed to expand the application field of the magnesium alloy. Therefore, theoretical and practical studies on the high-temperature creep properties of magnesium alloys have been urgently conducted. The dislocation creep mechanism of magnesium alloys arises from dislocation motion within the crystal and grain boundary sliding. Strain hardening can reduce creep performance, but at the same time it can counteract the recovery of the alloy during creep. While alloying elements reduce the rate of solutionizing during recovery. The addition of solute atoms can hinder the movement of dislocations. Further, solute atoms are likely to be segregated, and pinning to dislocations can be performed. In addition, the second phase structure having good high-temperature stability effectively inhibits the sliding of grain boundaries. Solute atom at 0.5TmSince diffusion is relatively fast at temperatures above, solid solution strengthening at high temperatures is of little significance to creep. Precipitation strengthening is very helpful to the high temperature creep resistance of the alloy. Before the temperature is increased and the alloy is loaded, precipitation phases already exist in the alloy, or precipitation and coarsening of the precipitation phases occur during creep. Effectively block the sliding of grain boundary and the climbing of dislocation. Precipitation strengthening can substantially reduce the steady state creep rate. The long-term service temperature of AZ and AM series die-cast magnesium alloy which is widely applied at present cannot exceed 120 ℃, so that the AZ and AM series die-cast magnesium alloy cannot be used for manufacturing automobile transmission parts with high requirements on high-temperature creep property. Therefore, the development of a high-strength heat-resistant magnesium alloy material, particularly a high-temperature creep-resistant magnesium alloy material, has important significance for the practical application of magnesium alloy.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-performance magnesium alloy material with high temperature creep resistance and a preparation method thereofForm a novel Mg12Nd1Ni1The phase can obviously improve the strength of the alloy and has extremely high-temperature stability.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for realizing the purpose is as follows:
a high-performance magnesium alloy material resistant to high-temperature creep comprises an Nd element, an Ni element, an Mg element and an Mn element, wherein the content of the Mn element is 0.5-2.0 wt%. The addition of Mn element can promote Mg in the alloy12Nd1Ni1The generation of the phase improves the mechanical property and the high-temperature creep resistance of the alloy.
Preferably, the magnesium alloy material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: mn: 0.5-2.0wt%, rare earth elements: 4.0-9.0wt%, Ni: 2.0 to 4.0 weight percent, and the balance of Mg, wherein the content of other inevitable impurities is less than or equal to 0.03 weight percent.
Further preferably, the weight ratio of the Nd element to the Ni element in the rare earth-magnesium alloy material is 1-1.9: 1.
Preferably, the yield strength of the magnesium alloy material at room temperature is 265-290MPa, the tensile strength is 325-360MPa, and the elongation is 6.0-10.0%.
Preferably, the magnesium alloy material has yield strength of 230-275MPa, tensile strength of 255-300MPa and elongation of 12.0-16.0% at the high temperature of 250 ℃.
Preferably, the high-temperature creep property of the magnesium alloy material is that the endurance life at 250 ℃/70MPa is more than 100h, and the one-hundred-hour elongation is 0.09-0.32%. Minimum creep rate of 0.56-5.68X 10-9s-1。
A preparation method of a high-performance magnesium alloy material with high temperature creep resistance comprises the following steps,
melting and casting the preheated metal raw material to obtain as-cast magnesium alloy;
homogenizing the obtained as-cast magnesium alloy;
carrying out hot extrusion on the magnesium alloy after homogenization treatment;
and (4) carrying out aging treatment on the magnesium alloy after the hot extrusion treatment.
Preferably, the homogenization treatment temperature is 220-250 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 8-10 h. The structure of the as-cast magnesium alloy after condensation is in a non-equilibrium state with different degrees, and mainly has the intragranular segregation which affects the performance of the magnesium alloy.
Preferably, the extrusion temperature of the hot extrusion is 250-300 ℃, the extrusion rate is 1.0-1.5m/min, and the extrusion ratio is 20-25%. In the hot extrusion process, the structure defects (such as shrinkage porosity, shrinkage cavity, air holes and the like) generated in the casting process can be improved, the compactness of the alloy is increased, the segregation generated in the casting process is eliminated, and meanwhile, according to the principle of particulate stimulated circulation, Mg12Nd1Ni1The phase can promote the generation of fine dynamic recrystallization grains in the alloy in the hot extrusion process, and further improves the strength and the plasticity of the magnesium alloy material.
Preferably, the aging treatment temperature is 210-220 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 16-20 h. The rare earth elements can be separated out from the magnesium matrix by aging, thereby achieving the purpose of precipitation strengthening.
According to the invention, alloying elements (0.5-2.0 wt.% Mn, 4.0-9.0 wt.% Nd and 2.0-4.0 wt.% Ni) with specific percentage contents are added into the magnesium alloy, and a novel Mg is formed in the magnesium alloy by adopting a certain preparation process (casting, homogenization treatment, hot extrusion and aging treatment)12Nd1Ni1The phase can remarkably improve the strength of the alloy. In addition, the novel strengthening phase is different from the strengthening phase in the conventional magnesium alloy (for example, Mg in Mg-Al alloy)17Al12Phase, AE alloy Al11RE3Equal), has extremely high-temperature stability (can exist stably for a long time at a high temperature of 250 ℃, and still has strengthening effect on the alloy at the high temperature). In the invention, 0.5-2.0 wt.% of Mn element is added into the magnesium alloy, and the addition of the Mn element can promote Mg in the alloy12Nd1Ni1The generation of the phase improves the mechanical property and the high-temperature creep resistance of the alloy.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the magnesium alloy material composition ratio and the preparation method of the invention can form a novel strengthening phase in the magnesium alloy, namely: mg (magnesium)12Nd1Ni1The phase has extremely high-temperature stability, can exist stably for a long time at the high temperature of 250 ℃, can still play a role in strengthening the alloy, and improves the mechanical property and the high-temperature creep resistance of the alloy.
2) In the invention, 0.5-2.0 wt.% of Mn element is added into the magnesium alloy, and the addition of the Mn element can promote Mg in the alloy12Nd1Ni1The generation of the phase improves the mechanical property and the high-temperature creep resistance of the alloy.
3) The Mn element in the magnesium alloy material can form a compound with iron or other heavy metal elements in the magnesium alloy, so that the compound is removed as slag, thereby eliminating the harmful influence of the iron or other heavy metal elements on the corrosion resistance of the magnesium alloy and effectively improving the casting performance and the corrosion resistance of the alloy.
The invention adopts the technical scheme to provide the high-performance magnesium alloy material with high temperature creep resistance and the preparation method thereof, which make up the defects of the prior art, and have reasonable design and convenient operation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a microstructure diagram of an extruded Mg-1.0Mn-3.2Ni-6.0Nd alloy according to example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
As used herein, the terms "comprises," "comprising," "includes," "including," "has," "having," "contains," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a composition, process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements is not necessarily limited to only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such composition, process, method, article, or apparatus.
The term "comprising" is intended to include embodiments encompassed by the term "consisting essentially of and" consisting of. Similarly, the term "consisting essentially of is intended to encompass embodiments encompassed by the term" consisting of.
When an amount, concentration, or other value or parameter is given as either a range, preferred range, or a list of upper preferable values and lower preferable values, this is to be understood as specifically disclosing all ranges formed from any pair of any upper range limit or preferred value and any lower range limit or preferred value, regardless of whether ranges are separately disclosed. For example, when a range of "1 to 5" is described, the described range should be construed as including ranges of "1 to 4", "1 to 3", "1 to 2 and 4 to 5", "1 to 3 and 5", and the like. Where numerical ranges are described herein, unless otherwise stated, the stated ranges are intended to include the endpoints of the ranges and all integers and fractions within the ranges.
Exemplary embodiments that embody features and advantages of the invention are described in detail below. It is to be understood that the invention is capable of other and different embodiments and its several details are capable of modification without departing from the scope of the invention, and that the description is intended to be illustrative in nature and not to be construed as limiting the invention.
The application discloses a high-performance magnesium alloy material resistant to high-temperature creep, which comprises an Nd element, an Ni element, an Mg element and an Mn element, wherein the content of the Mn element is 0.5-2.0 wt%. The addition of Mn element can promote Mg in the alloy12Nd1Ni1The generation of the phase improves the mechanical property and the high-temperature creep resistance of the alloy.
The magnesium alloy material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: mn: 0.5-2.0wt%, rare earth elements: 4.0-9.0wt%, Ni: 2.0 to 4.0 weight percent, and the balance of Mg, wherein the content of other inevitable impurities is less than or equal to 0.03 weight percent. Wherein the weight ratio of Nd element to Ni element in the rare earth-magnesium alloy material is 1-1.9: 1.
The yield strength of the magnesium alloy material at room temperature is 265-290MPa, the tensile strength is 325-360MPa, and the elongation is 6.0-10.0%. The yield strength of the magnesium alloy material at the high temperature of 250 ℃ is 230-275MPa, the tensile strength is 255-300MPa, and the elongation is 12.0-16.0%. The high-temperature creep property of the magnesium alloy material is that the endurance life is more than 100h at 250 ℃/70MPa, and the one hundred-hour elongation is0.09-0.32 percent. Minimum creep rate of 0.56-5.68X 10-9s-1。
A preparation method of a high-performance magnesium alloy material with high temperature creep resistance comprises the following steps,
melting and casting the preheated metal raw material to obtain as-cast magnesium alloy;
homogenizing the obtained as-cast magnesium alloy;
carrying out hot extrusion on the magnesium alloy after homogenization treatment;
and (4) carrying out aging treatment on the magnesium alloy after the hot extrusion treatment.
The homogenization treatment temperature is 220-250 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 8-10 h. The structure of the as-cast magnesium alloy after condensation is in a non-equilibrium state with different degrees, and mainly has the intragranular segregation which affects the performance of the magnesium alloy.
The extrusion temperature of the hot extrusion is 250-300 ℃, the extrusion speed is 1.0-1.5m/min, and the extrusion ratio is 20-25%. In the hot extrusion process, the structure defects (such as shrinkage porosity, shrinkage cavity, air holes and the like) generated in the casting process can be improved, the compactness of the alloy is increased, the segregation generated in the casting process is eliminated, and meanwhile, according to the principle of particulate stimulated circulation, Mg12Nd1Ni1The phase can promote the generation of fine dynamic recrystallization grains in the alloy in the hot extrusion process, and further improves the strength and the plasticity of the magnesium alloy material.
The aging treatment temperature is 210-220 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 16-20 h. The rare earth elements can be separated out from the magnesium matrix by aging, thereby achieving the purpose of precipitation strengthening.
A novel Mg is formed in the magnesium alloy by adding alloying elements (0.5-2.0 wt.% of Mn, 4.0-9.0 wt.% of Nd and 2.0-4.0 wt.% of Ni) with specific percentage content into the magnesium alloy and adopting a certain preparation process (casting, homogenization treatment, hot extrusion and aging treatment)12Nd1Ni1Phase, the phase can be significantThe strength of the alloy is improved. In addition, the novel strengthening phase is different from the strengthening phase in the conventional magnesium alloy (for example, Mg in Mg-Al alloy)17Al12Phase, AE alloy Al11RE3Equal), has extremely high-temperature stability (can exist stably for a long time at a high temperature of 250 ℃, and still has strengthening effect on the alloy at the high temperature). In the invention, 0.5-2.0 wt.% of Mn element is added into the magnesium alloy, and the addition of the Mn element can promote Mg in the alloy12Nd1Ni1The generation of the phase improves the mechanical property and the high-temperature creep resistance of the alloy.
The present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following examples:
example 1:
a high-performance magnesium alloy material with high temperature creep resistance comprises the following components in percentage by weight: mn: 1.0 wt%, Nd: 6.0 wt%, Ni: 3.2 wt% and the balance of Mg, and the content of other inevitable impurities is less than or equal to 0.03 wt%.
A preparation method of a high-performance magnesium alloy material with high temperature creep resistance comprises the following steps,
1) melting and casting the preheated metal raw material to obtain as-cast magnesium alloy;
2) homogenizing the obtained as-cast magnesium alloy at 235 ℃ for 9 h;
3) carrying out hot extrusion on the magnesium alloy after homogenization treatment under the conditions that the extrusion temperature is 280 ℃, the extrusion rate is 1.2m/min and the extrusion ratio is 22.5 percent;
4) and (3) carrying out aging treatment on the magnesium alloy subjected to the hot extrusion treatment at 210 ℃ for 18 h.
A microstructure photograph of the extruded Mg-1.0Mn-3.2Ni-6.0Nd alloy is shown in FIG. 1, from which a large amount of Mg can be seen12Nd1Ni1And (4) phase(s).
The yield strength of the magnesium alloy material at room temperature is 290MPa, the tensile strength is 360MPa, and the elongation is 10.0%; the yield strength of the magnesium alloy material at the high temperature of 250 ℃ is 275MPa, the tensile strength is 300MPa, and the elongation is 16.0%; preferably, the high-temperature creep property of the magnesium alloy material is maintained at 250 ℃/70MPaThe long service life is more than 100h, and the one-hundred-hour elongation is 0.32%. Minimum creep rate of 0.56X 10-9s-1。
Example 2:
a high-performance magnesium alloy material with high temperature creep resistance comprises the following components in percentage by weight: mn: 2.0wt%, Nd: 4.0wt%, Ni: 2.5 wt% and Mg for the rest, and the content of other inevitable impurities is less than or equal to 0.03 wt%.
A preparation method of a high-performance magnesium alloy material with high temperature creep resistance comprises the following steps,
1) melting and casting the preheated metal raw material to obtain as-cast magnesium alloy;
2) homogenizing the obtained as-cast magnesium alloy at 220 ℃ for 8 h;
3) carrying out hot extrusion on the magnesium alloy after homogenization treatment under the conditions that the extrusion temperature is 250 ℃, the extrusion rate is 1.0m/min and the extrusion ratio is 20 percent;
4) and (3) carrying out aging treatment on the magnesium alloy subjected to the hot extrusion treatment at 210 ℃ for 16 h.
The yield strength of the magnesium alloy material at room temperature is 283MPa, the tensile strength is 354MPa, and the elongation is 9.1%; the yield strength of the magnesium alloy material at the high temperature of 250 ℃ is 259MPa, the tensile strength is 285MPa, and the elongation is 14.6%; preferably, the high-temperature creep property of the magnesium alloy material is that the endurance life at 250 ℃/70MPa is more than 100h, and the one-hundred-hour elongation is 0.31%. Minimum creep rate of 0.84X 10-9s-1。
Example 3:
a high-performance magnesium alloy material with high temperature creep resistance comprises the following components in percentage by weight: mn: 1.8 wt%, Nd: 7.0 wt%, Ni: 4.0wt% and Mg for the rest, and the content of other inevitable impurities is less than or equal to 0.03 wt%.
A preparation method of a high-performance magnesium alloy material with high temperature creep resistance comprises the following steps,
1) melting and casting the preheated metal raw material to obtain as-cast magnesium alloy;
2) homogenizing the obtained as-cast magnesium alloy at 250 ℃ for 10 h;
3) carrying out hot extrusion on the magnesium alloy after homogenization treatment under the conditions that the extrusion temperature is 300 ℃, the extrusion rate is 1.5m/min and the extrusion ratio is 25 percent;
4) and (3) carrying out aging treatment on the magnesium alloy after the hot extrusion treatment, wherein the aging treatment is carried out for 20 hours at 220 ℃.
The yield strength of the magnesium alloy material at room temperature is 279MPa, the tensile strength is 348MPa, and the elongation is 8.9%; the yield strength of the magnesium alloy material at the high temperature of 250 ℃ is 270MPa, the tensile strength is 289MPa, and the elongation is 15.0%; preferably, the high-temperature creep property of the magnesium alloy material is that the endurance life at 250 ℃/70MPa is more than 100h, and the one-hundred-hour elongation is 0.0.27%. Minimum creep rate of 2.13X 10-9s-1。
Conventional techniques in the above embodiments are known to those skilled in the art, and therefore, will not be described in detail herein.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative, and not restrictive, and those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, all equivalent technical solutions also belong to the scope of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be defined by the claims.
Claims (5)
1. A high-performance magnesium alloy material with high temperature creep resistance comprises the following components in percentage by weight: mn: 0.5-2.0wt%, Nd element: 4.0-9.0wt%, Ni: 2.0 to 4.0 weight percent, the balance of Mg, and the content of other inevitable added impurities is less than or equal to 0.03 weight percent;
the preparation method of the magnesium alloy material comprises the following steps,
melting and casting the preheated metal raw material to obtain as-cast magnesium alloy;
homogenizing the obtained cast magnesium alloy at the temperature of 220-250 ℃ for 8-10 h;
carrying out hot extrusion on the magnesium alloy after the homogenization treatment at the temperature of 250-300 ℃ at an extrusion rate of 1.0-1.5m/min, wherein the extrusion ratio is 20-25%;
and (3) carrying out aging treatment on the magnesium alloy subjected to the hot extrusion treatment at the temperature of 210-220 ℃ for 16-20 h.
2. The high-temperature creep resistant high-performance magnesium alloy material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the weight ratio of Nd element to Ni element in the rare earth-magnesium alloy material is 1-1.9: 1.
3. The high-temperature creep resistant high-performance magnesium alloy material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the yield strength of the magnesium alloy material at room temperature is 265-290MPa, the tensile strength is 325-360MPa, and the elongation is 6.0-10.0%.
4. The high-temperature creep resistant high-performance magnesium alloy material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the yield strength of the magnesium alloy material at the high temperature of 250 ℃ is 230-275MPa, the tensile strength is 255-300MPa, and the elongation is 12.0-16.0%.
5. The high-temperature creep resistant high-performance magnesium alloy material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the high-temperature creep property of the magnesium alloy material is that the endurance life is more than 100h at 250 ℃/70MPa, the one-hundred-hour elongation is 0.09-0.32%, and the minimum creep rate is 0.56-5.68 multiplied by 10-9s-1。
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