CN109336615B - High-toughness, wear-resistant and friction-reducing sialon-tin composite material - Google Patents
High-toughness, wear-resistant and friction-reducing sialon-tin composite material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-toughness wear-resistant antifriction sialon-tin composite material which is prepared by ball-milling, mixing, sintering and cooling the following components in percentage by mass to room temperature: 50.08 to 64.21wt% of Si3N47.41 to 23.39 wt% of Al2O39.40 to 16.05 wt% of AlN and 2.40 to 3.00 wt% of Y2O3And 0-24.06 wt% of SnO2Powder; wherein the sialon phase composition is Si4Al2O2N6. The sialon-tin composite material has excellent mechanical property (fracture toughness) and tribological property (low abrasion and friction coefficient) in a wide temperature range, and is particularly suitable for special workpieces which require higher toughness and keep lower frictional abrasion under the service working condition.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a composite material, in particular to a high-toughness, wear-resistant and friction-reducing sialon-tin composite material.
Background
The reliability and stability of the structural materials play a key factor in the safe, stable, and efficient operation of high-end equipment mechanical systems. The sialon ceramic has good high-temperature stability, oxidation resistance and thermal shock resistance, and has attractive application prospects in the aspects of aerospace, engine parts, metallurgy, chemical machinery and the like. However, the friction material has a disadvantage that it has a high friction coefficient and a high wear rate at high temperatures. Meanwhile, sialon ceramic materials have largely limited their wider application in structural materials due to their inherent brittleness. In addition, sialon ceramics can be generally prepared only at a relatively high temperature (the general sintering temperature is 1600 ℃), which further restricts the wide application thereof.
Therefore, the research for improving the tribological properties and mechanical properties of sialon ceramic composite materials in a wide temperature range and preparing the sialon ceramic composite materials at low temperature is increasingly paid attention, and the sialon ceramic composite materials become one of the leading subjects in the fields of material science and tribology at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a high-toughness wear-resistant antifriction sialon-tin composite material with larger melting point difference.
In order to solve the problems, the invention discloses a high-toughness, wear-resistant and friction-reducing sialon-tin composite material, which is characterized in that: the composite material is prepared by ball-milling, mixing, sintering and cooling the following components in percentage by mass to room temperature: 50.08 to 64.21wt% of Si3N4 7.41 to 23.39 wt% of Al2O39.40 to 16.05 wt% of AlN and 2.40 to 3.00 wt% of Y2O3And 0-24.06 wt% of SnO2Powder; wherein the sialon phase composition is Si4Al2O2N6。
The particle size of the ball-milling mixture is 0.55-5 mu m.
The sintering condition refers to that the vacuum degree is lower than 5 x 10-1Pa, the temperature rising speed is 50-150 ℃/min, the sintering temperature is 1350-1600 ℃, the pressure is 5-20 MPa, and the heat preservation time is 5-10 min.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention starts from the angles of reducing the sintering temperature of the sialon and improving the fracture toughness and the tribology of the sialon ceramic composite material, and increases the energy dissipation of the crack in the expansion process by adding the second phase particles to improve the fracture toughness of the material. The fracture toughness of the material tested by the indentation method is found to have good fracture toughness at room temperature to 800 ℃.
2. The invention is composed of tin and sialon phase which are generated in situ and combined well, realizes the controllable preparation of the sialon ceramic (the common sintering temperature is 1600 ℃) composite material doped with tin with low melting point (the melting point is about 230 ℃) at higher sintering temperature for the first time, and provides a new strategy for preparing the composite material with larger difference of the melting points of all components.
3. The invention can effectively reduce the sintering temperature of the sialon composite material by doping tin oxide, thereby realizing the preparation of the sialon composite material at lower temperature.
4. The material prepared by the invention has excellent mechanical property, and the fracture toughness can reach 5.5 MPam1/2. Meanwhile, the material has good wear resistance and friction reduction performance, and compared with undoped sialon, the wear rate is lower by about 20 times, and the friction coefficient is as low as about 0.6.
5. The invention utilizes the uniformly distributed toughening phase (tin) to generate a friction film in the high-temperature friction process, thereby improving the contact state of a friction interface, meeting the requirements of wear resistance and wear reduction in a certain temperature range and realizing the structure/lubricating function integrated design of the ceramic composite material.
6. The invention has simple preparation process, can regulate and control the material performance by adjusting the formula and process parameters, and the prepared sialon-tin composite material has excellent mechanical property (fracture toughness) and tribological property (low abrasion and friction coefficient) in a wide temperature range, and is particularly suitable for special workpieces which require higher toughness and keep lower frictional wear under the service working condition.
Drawings
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the change of the displacement of the sialon-tin composite material with temperature during the sintering process.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the fracture toughness of the sialon-tin composite material of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1A high toughness, wear resistant and friction reducing sialon-tin composite material having a sialon phase composition of Si4Al2O2N6. 64.21wt% of Si3N4、23.39wt% of Al2O39.40wt% of AlN, 3 wt% of Y2O3And (3) mixing the powder in a ball mill to obtain mixed powder with the particle size of 0.55-5 mu m. Then the mixed powder is put into a graphite die and placed in a plasma sintering furnace, and the vacuum degree is lower than 5 multiplied by 10-1And sintering under the conditions of Pa, temperature rise speed of 100 ℃/min, sintering temperature of 1600 ℃, pressure of 10MPa and heat preservation time of 10 min. And after sintering, furnace cooling to room temperature to obtain the sialon composite material named as SS 0. The shift versus sintering temperature profile during sintering is shown in fig. 1, where the sintering densification end temperature is the temperature at which the shift no longer increases. As can be seen from fig. 1, the densification end temperature of sample SS0 was 1450 ℃.
Example 2A high toughness, wear resistant and friction reducing sialon-tin composite material having a sialon phase composition of Si4Al2O2N6. 60.61 wt% of Si3N419.32 wt% of Al2O311.09 wt% of AlN, 2.85 wt% of Y2O3And 6.13 wt.% SnO2And (3) mixing the powder in a ball mill to obtain mixed powder with the particle size of 0.55-5 mu m. Then the mixed powder is put into a graphite die and is put into a plasma sintering furnace, and the vacuum degree is lower than 5 multiplied by 10-1And sintering under the conditions of Pa, temperature rise speed of 100 ℃/min, sintering temperature of 1550 ℃, pressure of 10MPa and heat preservation time of 10 min. And after sintering, furnace cooling to room temperature to obtain the sialon composite material named as SS 1.
The friction and wear test is evaluated by adopting an HT-1000 high-temperature friction and wear testing machine, and the friction coefficient and the wear rate are average values of 3 tests. The dual ball is Si3N4Ceramic, load of 5N, sliding linear velocity of 0.10m/s, friction radius of 4mm, stroke of 200m, test temperature of 25 deg.C, 400 deg.C and 800 deg.C. The results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1: example 2 sialon-based composite Material with Si3N4Friction coefficient and wear rate of ceramic ball matched pair
As can be seen from Table 1, the friction coefficient of the obtained sialon-based composite material is 0.64-0.71 between room temperature and 800 ℃, and the wear rate is 10 at room temperature-5 mm3in/Nm, and the wear rate is an order of magnitude higher at high temperatures.
Example 3A high toughness, wear resistant and friction reducing sialon-tin composite material having a sialon phase composition of Si4Al2O2N6. 57.05wt% of Si3N415.30wt% of Al2O312.77wt% of AlN, 2.70wt% of Y2O3And 12.18 wt.% SnO2And (3) mixing the powder in a ball mill to obtain mixed powder with the particle size of 0.55-5 mu m. Then the mixed powder is put into a graphite die and placed in a plasma sintering furnace, and the vacuum degree is lower than 5 multiplied by 10-1And sintering under the conditions of Pa, temperature rise speed of 100 ℃/min, sintering temperature of 1500 ℃, pressure of 10MPa and heat preservation time of 10 min. And after sintering, furnace cooling to room temperature to obtain the sialon composite material named as SS 2.
The indentation method is then used to calculate the fracture toughness of the material, which is measured at least as an average of 9 points. The test conditions were: load 10kg, duration of loading 10s, test temperature 25 ℃, 400 ℃, and 800 ℃. The fracture toughness of the sialon-based composite material at 25-800 ℃ is shown in figure 2. As can be seen from FIG. 2, sample SS2 has good toughness between room temperature and 800 ℃ and a maximum fracture toughness of 5.5 MPam at room temperature1/2。
Example 4A high toughness, wear resistant and friction reducing sialon-tin composite material having a sialon phase composition of Si4Al2O2N6. 50.08wt% of Si3N47.41 wt% of Al2O316.05 wt% of AlN, 2.40 wt% of Y2O3And 24.06 wt.% SnO2And (3) mixing the powder in a ball mill to obtain mixed powder with the particle size of 0.55-5 mu m. Then the mixed powder is filled into a graphite mould, placed in a plasma sintering furnace and subjected to vacuumDegree less than 5X 10-1Sintering under the conditions of Pa, temperature rise speed of 100 ℃/min, sintering temperature of 1450 ℃, pressure of 10MPa and heat preservation time of 10 min. And after sintering, furnace cooling to room temperature to obtain the sialon composite material named as SS 3. The variation curve of the displacement with the sintering temperature during the sintering process is shown in FIG. 1. As can be seen in FIG. 1, the densification end temperature of sample SS3 was 1345 ℃ which is a 105 ℃ reduction over that of sample SS 0. The doped tin oxide can effectively reduce the sintering temperature of the sialon composite material and realize the preparation of the sialon composite material at lower temperature.
The friction and wear test is evaluated by adopting an HT-1000 high-temperature friction and wear testing machine, and the friction coefficient and the wear rate are average values of 3 tests. The dual ball is Si3N4Ceramic, load of 5N, sliding linear velocity of 0.10m/s, friction radius of 4mm, stroke of 200m, test temperature of 25 deg.C, 400 deg.C and 800 deg.C. The results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2: sialon-based composite material of example 4 and Si3N4Friction coefficient and wear rate of ceramic ball matched pair
As can be seen from Table 2, the obtained sialon-based composite material has excellent tribological properties at room temperature to 800 ℃, the friction coefficient is 0.6-0.71, and the wear rate is 10-5 mm3/Nm。
Claims (2)
1. A high-toughness, wear-resistant and friction-reducing sialon-tin composite material is characterized in that: the composite material is prepared by ball-milling, mixing, sintering and cooling the following components in percentage by mass to room temperature: 50.08 to 64.21wt% of Si3N4 7.41 to 23.39 wt% of Al2O39.40 to 16.05 wt% of AlN and 2.40 to 3.00 wt% of Y2O3And 6.13-24.06 wt% of SnO2Powder; wherein the sialon phase composition is Si4Al2O2N6(ii) a The particle size of the ball-milling mixture is 0.55-5 mu m.
2. A high toughness, wear resistant and friction reducing sialon-tin composite material according to claim 1 wherein: the sintering condition refers to that the vacuum degree is lower than 5 x 10-1Pa, the temperature rising speed is 50-150 ℃/min, the sintering temperature is 1350-1600 ℃, the pressure is 5-20 MPa, and the heat preservation time is 5-10 min.
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