CN109333284B - Automatic grinding machine for differential cross axle journal - Google Patents
Automatic grinding machine for differential cross axle journal Download PDFInfo
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- CN109333284B CN109333284B CN201811232764.8A CN201811232764A CN109333284B CN 109333284 B CN109333284 B CN 109333284B CN 201811232764 A CN201811232764 A CN 201811232764A CN 109333284 B CN109333284 B CN 109333284B
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- grinding
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- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 152
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 210000000078 claw Anatomy 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000003739 neck Anatomy 0.000 description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000239290 Araneae Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B27/00—Other grinding machines or devices
- B24B27/0076—Other grinding machines or devices grinding machines comprising two or more grinding tools
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
- B24B41/005—Feeding or manipulating devices specially adapted to grinding machines
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
- B24B41/02—Frames; Beds; Carriages
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
- B24B41/06—Work supports, e.g. adjustable steadies
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B55/00—Safety devices for grinding or polishing machines; Accessories fitted to grinding or polishing machines for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition
- B24B55/06—Dust extraction equipment on grinding or polishing machines
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Grinding Of Cylindrical And Plane Surfaces (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an automatic grinding machine for a cross shaft journal of a differential mechanism, which comprises a workbench and a control system, wherein the workbench is provided with a feeding mechanism, a discharging mechanism, a rotating mechanism, a girder, a mechanical arm assembly, a clamp mechanism and a grinding mechanism, and the feeding mechanism, the discharging mechanism and the rotating mechanism are arranged on one side of the grinding mechanism; the girder is supported by a first bracket of the workbench and spans over the feeding mechanism, the discharging mechanism, the rotating mechanism and the clamp mechanism; the mechanical arm assembly horizontally displaces on the girder; the grinding mechanism comprises a front grinding disc group and a rear grinding disc group, and the clamp mechanism is positioned between the front grinding disc group and the rear grinding disc group; the front millstone group is fixed at the front end of the workbench, and the rear millstone group sliding rail is connected at the rear end of the workbench; the front grinding disc group and the rear grinding disc group are composed of two grinding wheels which are arranged side by side, a gap is reserved between the two grinding wheels of the same grinding disc group, and the width of the gap is larger than the diameter of the shaft neck of the cross shaft. The invention has high automation degree and can grind and repair four axle journals of the cross axle at one time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of grinding machines, in particular to an automatic grinding machine for a differential cross shaft journal.
Background
The differential spider is a critical component of an automotive differential, and machining of the spider journal is more critical to the machining of the component.
Chinese patent ZL2017110854666 discloses a full-automatic lathe of cross terminal surface, including processing case, manipulator loading attachment, reversing device, material feeding unit, upset loading attachment and unloader, be equipped with supporting beam on the manipulator loading attachment, one side of supporting beam is equipped with the walking guide rail, and the last movable mounting of walking guide rail has first walking seat, install two manipulator subassemblies on the first walking seat, processing case, unloader are located the both sides of manipulator loading attachment respectively, and processing incasement symmetry is equipped with the lathe tool subassembly, and processing case's below is equipped with longitudinal rail, reversing device movable mounting is on longitudinal rail, is equipped with rotary mechanism in the reversing device, and material feeding unit's one end is equipped with upset loading attachment, loading attachment cooperatees with the manipulator subassembly, can realize the rotation switching-over of cross through reversing mechanism, once fix a position. The above patent mainly processes four end surfaces of the cross, and cannot process the journal of the cross. In addition, in the above patent, when the reversing device is directly used as a processing clamp and a workpiece is processed on the end face, a huge acting force is generated on the workpiece, the acting force is transmitted to the rotating mechanism through the reversing device, the rotating mechanism is easy to damage, and the service life of the rotating mechanism is shortened.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects and provide the automatic grinding machine for the differential cross axle journal, which is high in automation, time-saving and labor-saving.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is: the automatic grinding machine for the cross axle journal of the differential mechanism comprises a workbench and a control system, wherein the workbench is provided with a feeding mechanism, a discharging mechanism, a rotating mechanism, a girder, a mechanical arm assembly, a clamp mechanism and a grinding mechanism, and the mechanisms are electrically connected with the control system; the feeding mechanism, the discharging mechanism and the rotating mechanism are arranged on one side of the grinding mechanism; the girder is supported by a first bracket of the workbench and spans over the feeding mechanism, the discharging mechanism, the rotating mechanism and the clamp mechanism; the mechanical arm assembly can be horizontally arranged on the girder in a displacement manner; the grinding mechanism comprises a front grinding disc group and a rear grinding disc group, and the clamp mechanism is positioned between the front grinding disc group and the rear grinding disc group; the front millstone group is fixed at the front end of the workbench, and the rear millstone group sliding rail is connected at the rear end of the workbench; the front grinding disc group and the rear grinding disc group are composed of two grinding wheels which are arranged side by side, a gap is reserved between the two grinding wheels of the same grinding disc group, and the width of the gap is larger than the diameter of the shaft neck of the cross shaft.
The feeding mechanism is used for conveying the cross shafts to the position right below the girder one by one.
The mechanical arm component moves to a feeding mechanism, a clamping mechanism, a rotating mechanism and a discharging mechanism along the girder to grasp or place the cross shaft,
the rotating mechanism is used for rotating the cross axle by 90 degrees, so that the two neck shafts which are originally parallel to the girder are perpendicular to the girder, and the two neck shafts which are originally perpendicular to the girder are parallel to the girder.
The clamping mechanism is used for rotatably clamping the cross shaft, and a channel is arranged in the middle of the clamping mechanism and used for allowing the other two neck shafts of the cross shaft to pass through.
Preferably, the clamp mechanism comprises a first positioning seat and a second positioning seat which are oppositely arranged through a channel; the upper surfaces of the first positioning seat and the second positioning seat are provided with arc-shaped grooves matched with the neck shaft, and the chord length of each groove is smaller than the diameter of the shaft neck; the first positioning seat is provided with a positioning block which is displaced from the groove, one end of the positioning block is connected with a guide rod, the guide rod is sleeved in a guide groove of the first positioning seat in a sliding manner, and a spring is arranged between the first positioning seat and the positioning block; one surface of the positioning block, which is close to the second positioning seat, is an arc surface, and the arc surface gradually approaches the second positioning seat from top to bottom.
Preferably, the feeding mechanism comprises a fixed frame and a movable frame; the fixing frame comprises two parallel baffle plates, two parallel limiting plates and two second brackets, wherein the two baffle plates are respectively fixed at the tops of the two second brackets, and the two limiting plates are respectively fixed at the inner sides of the two baffle plates; the movable frame comprises two movable plates, a connecting frame, two guide rods and two support columns, wherein the two movable plates are respectively arranged on the inner sides of the two limiting plates in a vertical displacement manner, the two movable plates are connected through the connecting frame, and the guide rods and the support columns are fixed on the connecting frame; the feeding mechanism further comprises an upper plate, a lower plate, a displacement cylinder and a jacking cylinder; the support and the cylinder body of the displacement cylinder are fixed on the lower plate, the upper plate is connected with the lower plate through a sliding rail, and the piston rod of the displacement cylinder is fixedly connected with the upper plate; the cylinder body of the jacking cylinder is arranged on the upper plate, and the two guide rods are sleeved at two ends of the upper plate in a sliding manner; the upper plate sliding rail is connected with two sliding seats, the two sliding seats are connected through a connecting rod, and a piston rod of the jacking cylinder is fixedly connected with one sliding seat; the sliding seat is provided with an inclined guide surface, and the two support columns slide on the guide surfaces of the two sliding seats respectively so as to enable the movable frame to move up and down; the limiting plate and the movable plate are uniformly provided with arc-shaped limiting grooves, the limiting plate extends towards the girder than the baffle, and at least one limiting groove is formed in the extending part of the baffle; and a first infrared sensor is arranged on one side of the limiting plate, which extends outwards.
Preferably, the rotating mechanism comprises an upper seat, a lower seat, a rotating cylinder, a rising cylinder and a second infrared sensor, wherein the upper seat is connected with the lower seat through the rotating cylinder, and the rotating cylinder drives the upper seat to horizontally rotate; the upper seat comprises an upper connecting plate and a lower connecting plate which are crossed; the top surface of the lower connecting plate is provided with a supporting plate, the cylinder body of the lifting cylinder is arranged on the supporting plate, and the piston rod of the lifting cylinder is fixedly connected with the upper connecting plate; the two ends of the lower connecting plate are provided with a first support plate and a second support plate which are oppositely arranged, and the two ends of the upper connecting plate are provided with a third support plate and a fourth support plate which are oppositely arranged; the top ends of the four support plates are provided with V-grooves, the two sides of the V-grooves of the first support plate and the second support plate are provided with idler wheels, the first support plate is also provided with a driving wheel and a rotating motor for driving the driving wheel to rotate, and the driving wheel is tangent to the two idler wheels of the first support plate; when the lifting air cylinder lifts the upper connecting plate to the highest position, the four support plates are flush; the second infrared sensor is opposite to the third support plate and is used for detecting whether the cross shaft is horizontal.
Preferably, the first support plate slide rail and the second support plate slide rail are connected with the lower connecting plate and locked by bolts; and the third and fourth support plate sliding rails are connected with the upper connecting plate and locked by bolts.
Preferably, the girder is provided with a walking seat and a displacement motor for driving the walking seat to horizontally displace on the girder; the walking seat is provided with two mechanical arm assemblies; the mechanical arm assembly comprises a lifting cylinder, a clamping cylinder, a lifting frame, a first claw and a second claw; the cylinder body of the lifting cylinder is arranged on the walking seat, a piston rod of the lifting cylinder is connected with the lifting frame, and a guide post of the lifting frame vertically penetrates through a guide sleeve of the walking seat; the first claw and the second claw are both connected to the bottom of the lifting frame through sliding rails, and the clamping cylinder is arranged on the lifting frame and used for controlling horizontal displacement of the first claw and the second claw.
Preferably, two symmetrical limiting blocks are arranged at the bottom of the first claw, and the corresponding surfaces of the two limiting blocks are obliquely arranged; the second claw is provided with a positioning column.
Preferably, the discharging mechanism comprises a support and a transmission chain arranged on the support.
Preferably, the workbench is further provided with a cooling mechanism, and the girder extends to a position right above the cooling mechanism.
Preferably, a solid-liquid separation device is arranged beside the workbench, and the cooling mechanism is connected to the solid-liquid separation device through a pipeline.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention is provided with the feeding mechanism, the discharging mechanism, the rotating mechanism, the girder, the mechanical arm assembly, the clamp mechanism and the grinding mechanism, and the mechanical arm assembly drives the cross shaft to circulate in a plurality of mechanisms, so that the continuous processing of workpieces is ensured, the automation degree is high, the labor cost is low, the effective control of the production cost of enterprises is facilitated, and the competitiveness of enterprises is improved. The clamp mechanism of the invention elastically applies force to the two end faces of the cross shaft journal, the circumferential side faces of the clamp mechanism are not limited to enable the clamp mechanism to freely rotate, and four grinding wheels of the grinding mechanism are arranged on the front side and the rear side of the two journals, so that 360-degree grinding and finishing of the two journals are synchronously completed, the structural arrangement is reasonable, and the working efficiency is high. The invention is also added with the rotating mechanism, so that the cross shaft can be rotated for 90 degrees, and the reversing of the cross shaft is realized, thereby finishing the grinding and finishing of four shaft necks of the cross shaft at one time, and greatly improving the working efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a feed mechanism;
FIG. 3 is a partial schematic view of a feed mechanism;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a rotary mechanism;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of the clamp mechanism;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the first positioning seat;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a robotic arm assembly;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a discharging mechanism;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a cooling mechanism;
the main reference numerals illustrate: (1, a workbench; 11, first bracket, 12, girder, 20, first infrared sensor, 21, stop block, 22, limit plate, 23, second bracket, 24, movable plate, 241, connecting bracket, 242, guide rod, 243, support column, 251, upper plate, 252, lower plate, 26, displacement cylinder, 27, jack-up cylinder, 28 slide, 29, limit groove, 31, upper seat, 311, upper connecting plate, 312, support plate, 313, lower connecting plate, 32, lower seat, 33, revolving cylinder, 34, ascent cylinder, 351, first support plate, 352, second support plate, 353, third support plate, 354, fourth support plate, 36, roller, 37, driving wheel, 38, rotating motor, 39, second infrared sensor, 41, front grinding disc group, 42, rear grinding disc group, 51, first positioning seat, 52, second positioning seat, 53, channel, 54, groove, 55, 56, guide rod, 57, guide groove, 58, spring, 61, walking seat, 62, displacement motor, 63, lifting and bearing, 65, 353, third support plate, 354, fourth support plate, 36, roller, 37, driving wheel, 38, rotating motor, 39, second infrared sensor, 41, front grinding disc group, 42, rear grinding disc group, 51, first positioning seat, 52, second positioning seat, 53, channel, 54, groove, 55, 56, guide groove, 57, guide groove, 58, spring, 61, walking seat, 62, lifting seat, lifting and moving seat, lifting and lifting device.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and specific examples.
It should be noted that directional terms mentioned in the present invention, such as: upper, lower, front, rear, left, right, top, bottom, inner, outer, etc., are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of description and to simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the automatic grinding machine for the differential cross axle journal comprises a workbench 1, a feeding mechanism, a discharging mechanism, a rotating mechanism, a girder, a mechanical arm assembly, a clamp mechanism, a grinding mechanism, a cooling mechanism and a control system which are electrically connected with each other. The grinding mechanism is arranged in the middle of the workbench 1; the feeding mechanism, the discharging mechanism and the rotating mechanism are also arranged on the workbench 1 and positioned on one side of the grinding mechanism; the cooling mechanism is arranged on the workbench 1 and positioned on the other side of the grinding mechanism, and the clamp mechanism is arranged in the grinding mechanism; the control system comprises an electric cabinet box, an operation panel, a display screen and the like, and can be arranged on a workbench or mounted on the control cabinet and electrically connected with various mechanisms through wires. The table 1 is provided with a first bracket 11, and a girder 12 is installed on top of the first bracket 11 so as to span the feeding mechanism, the discharging mechanism, the rotating mechanism, the clamping mechanism and the cooling mechanism. The robotic arm assembly is mounted for horizontal displacement to the girder 12.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the feeding mechanism includes a fixed frame and a movable frame. The fixing frame mainly comprises two parallel stop blocks 21, two parallel limiting plates 22 and two second brackets 23. The second bracket 23 is provided with a long hole and is adjustably locked to the table 1 or the lower plate 252 above the table 1 by bolts. The baffles 21 are fixed on the top end of the second bracket 23 by means of rivets or screws, and the gap between the baffles 21 is larger than the maximum width of the cross shaft, so that the cross shaft is prevented from falling off from the side surface; the limiting plates 22 are fixed on the inner sides of the baffle plates 21 (the inner side is the side between the two baffle plates 21) in a rivet or screw mode, and the gap between the two limiting plates 22 is smaller than the maximum width of the cross shaft and is used for supporting the cross shaft; the limiting plate 22 is provided with an arc-shaped limiting groove 29, and the diameter of the arc is matched with that of the cross shaft; the limiting plate 22 extends towards the girder 12 in comparison with the baffle plate 21, and the extending part is provided with at least one limiting groove 29, so that one cross shaft is exposed out of the baffle plate 21 each time, and the mechanical arm assembly is convenient to clamp.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the moving frame is mainly composed of two movable plates 24 and a connecting frame 241 connecting the two movable plates 24 together. Wherein, two fly leaves 24 are located the inboard of two limiting plates 22 respectively with shifting from top to bottom, and fly leaf 22 is equipped with curved spacing groove 29, and curved diameter matches with the cross, and under the normal state, fly leaf 24 is lower than limiting plate 22. The connecting frame 241 is also mounted with two guide rods 242 and two support posts 243 vertically downward. A mechanism for driving the movable frame to move up and down is arranged below the movable frame, and comprises an upper plate 251, a lower plate 252, a displacement cylinder 26, a jacking cylinder 27 and two sliding seats 28. The upper plate 251 and the lower plate 252 are plate-like structures, and are provided with rail structures (not shown). The lower plate 252 is fixed to the table 1 by bolts or the like. The upper plate 251 is provided with a sliding groove (not shown), and the upper plate 251 is connected to the lower plate 252 through a sliding rail. The cylinder body of the displacement cylinder 26 is fixed on the lower plate 252, and the piston rod thereof is fixedly connected with the upper plate 251, so as to control the horizontal displacement of the upper plate 251, and the two guide rods 242 are sleeved on the two ends of the upper plate 251 in a sliding manner. The two carriages 28 have slide grooves (not shown) connected to the upper plate 251 by slide rails, and the two carriages 28 are connected together by links (not shown). The upper surface of the slide 28 has an inclined guide gate surface, and the two support columns 243 slide on the guide surfaces of the two slide 28 respectively to displace the moving frame up and down. The cylinder body of the jack-up cylinder 27 is fixed to the upper plate 251, and its piston rod is fixedly connected to one of the slide carriages 28.
Work of a feeding mechanism: the cross is manually set up between the two limiting plates 22. 1. The jacking cylinder 27 controls the displacement of the sliding seat 28, the supporting column 243 is jacked up under the guide surface of the sliding seat 28, and the movable plate 24 is lifted up until the bottom end of the cross shaft is higher than the top end of the limiting plate 22. 2. The displacement cylinder 26 is extended to control the upper plate 251 to displace toward the girder 12 until the cross shaft is positioned right above the previous limit groove 29. 3. The jack-up cylinder 27 is contracted downward, and the movable plate 24 is displaced downward to the lower side of the limit plate 22. 4. The displacement cylinder 26 contracts and the movable plate 24 returns to its original position. 5. The above steps 1-4 are repeated until the foremost end of the limiting plate 22 has a cross. During operation, a person may continually add the limiting plate 22. To ensure the accuracy of the operation of the device, a first infrared sensor 20 is further disposed on one side of the limiting plate 22, which is used for detecting whether the front end of the limiting plate 22 has a cross axle.
As shown in fig. 4, the rotation mechanism is used to rotate the cross axle by 90 ° so that the two neck axes originally parallel to the girder 12 will become perpendicular to the girder 12 and the two neck axes originally perpendicular to the girder 12 will become parallel to the girder 12. The rotating mechanism includes an upper seat 31, a lower seat 32, a rotating cylinder 33, a lifting cylinder 34, and a second infrared sensor 4. The upper seat 31 is connected to the lower seat 32 through a rotary cylinder 33 so that the upper seat 31 can perform a 90-degree forward and backward rotation or a 360-degree rotation with respect to the lower seat 32. The rotary cylinder 33 adopts a rotary cylinder and consists of an air guide head, a cylinder body, a piston and a piston rod. When the rotary cylinder works, the external force drives the cylinder body, the cylinder cover and the air guide head to rotate, the piston and the piston rod can only do reciprocating linear motion, and the air guide head is externally connected with a pipeline and is fixed. The lower seat 32 is assembled from a number of profiles. The upper seat 31 includes an upper connection plate 311, a support plate 312, and a lower connection plate 313. The supporting plate 312 is fixed on the lower connecting plate 313 by bolts and the like, the upper connecting plate 311 can be movably installed on the supporting plate 312 in an up-down displacement manner, the upper connecting plate 311 and the lower connecting plate 313 are arranged in a crisscross manner, and the supporting plate 312 and the upper connecting plate 311 are arranged in parallel. The cylinder body of the lifting cylinder 34 is fixed on the supporting plate 312, the piston rod of which is fixedly connected with the upper connecting plate 311, and a corresponding guiding device is provided between the two, which will not be further described herein. The two ends of the lower connection plate 313 are provided with a first support plate 351 and a second support plate 352 which are oppositely arranged, and the upper connection plate 311 is provided with a third support plate 353 and a fourth support plate 354 which are oppositely arranged. V-grooves are formed at the top ends of the four support plates (351, 352, 353, 354) for accommodating the axle journals of the cross axle. Rollers 36 are mounted on both sides of the V-grooves of the first and second support plates (351, 352), the rollers 36 are tangential to the axle journals of the cross, and when the rollers 36 rotate, the cross will rotate until horizontal. The first support plate 351 is also provided with a driving wheel 37 and a rotating motor 38 for driving the driving wheel to rotate, and the rotating motor 38 is positioned below the two rollers 36 and tangential to both the two rollers 36. The second infrared sensor 39 is corresponding to the third support plate 352 for detecting whether the cross shaft is horizontal. In order to adapt to the use of cross shafts with various specifications, the sliding rails of the first support plate (351) and the second support plate (352) are connected with the lower connecting plate 313 and locked by bolts; third and fourth support plates (353, 354) are connected with the upper connecting 311 plate in a sliding way and are locked by bolts.
Operation of the rotating mechanism: in the initial state, the first support plate 351 and the second support plate 352 are positioned right below the girder 12, and the third support plate 353 and the fourth support plate 354 are lower than the first support plate 351 and the second support plate 352 (avoid the longitudinal rotation of the cross shaft thereof). The mechanical arm assembly is used for arranging the cross shaft between the first support plate (351) and the second support plate (352); the rotating motor 38 drives the roller 36 to rotate, so that the cross shaft rotates in the vertical plane until the cross shaft is horizontal, and whether the cross shaft is horizontal or not is detected by the second infrared sensor 39; the lifting cylinder 34 stretches to lift the upper connecting plate 311, and the third and fourth support plates (353, 354) are flush with the first and second support plates (351, 352); the rotary cylinder 33 drives the upper seat 31 to rotate; then the mechanical arm component takes away the cross shaft; finally, the rotating mechanism returns to the original state.
As shown in fig. 1, the grinding mechanism includes a front set of grinding disks 41 and a rear set of grinding disks 42. The front and rear grinding disc groups (41, 42) are composed of two grinding wheels which are arranged side by side. Two grinding wheels of the same grinding disc group share the same ceramic main shaft (not shown), the main shaft is driven to rotate by a motor servo motor (not shown), and a gap is reserved between the two grinding wheels, and the width of the gap is larger than the diameter of a shaft neck of the cross shaft. The front grinding disc group 41 is fixed to the front end of the table 1. The rear grinding disc set 42 is connected to the rear end of the workbench 1 in a sliding way, and is also provided with a motor for driving and walking and a related turbine structure, which are in the prior art and are not further described herein.
As shown in fig. 1, the clamp mechanism is located between the front disc set 41 and the rear disc set 42, and the clamp mechanism may be displaced together with the rear disc set 42 or may be independently fixed to the table 1. As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the clamp mechanism includes a first positioning seat 51 and a second positioning seat 52 disposed opposite each other across a channel 53 through which the neck shaft of the cross passes. The upper surfaces of the first positioning seat 51 and the second positioning seat 52 are provided with arc-shaped grooves 54 matched with the neck shaft, so that the cross shaft rotates in the grooves 54; the groove 54 has a chord length less than the diameter of the journal to ensure that the end of the journal is exposed forward or rearward to facilitate dressing of the grinding wheel without impacting the locating seat. The first positioning seat 51 is provided with a positioning block 55 displaced from the groove 54, one end of the positioning block 55 is connected with a guide rod 56, the guide rod 56 is sleeved on a guide groove 57 of the first positioning seat 51 in a sliding mode, and a spring 58 is installed between the first positioning seat 51 and the positioning block 55. One surface of the positioning block 55, which is close to the second positioning seat 52, is an arc surface, and the arc surface gradually approaches the second positioning seat 52 from top to bottom. When the cross shaft is placed by the mechanical arm assembly, the mechanical arm assembly acts on the cambered surface of the positioning block 55 after being displaced downwards, so that the positioning block 55 is gradually far away from the second positioning seat 52; the claw of the mechanical arm assembly is loosened, and the cross shaft freely falls down to be supported on the first positioning seat 51 and the second positioning seat 52; after the arm assembly is displaced upward, the positioning block 55 is moved toward the second positioning seat 52 by the spring 58 to clamp the cross. When the mechanical arm assembly grabs the cross shaft, the mechanical arm assembly firstly moves downwards and then acts on the cambered surface of the positioning block 55, so that the positioning block 55 is gradually far away from the second positioning seat 52, the clamping jaws of the mechanical arm assembly contact the two end faces of the cross shaft and clamp the cross shaft, the mechanical arm assembly moves upwards to take away the cross shaft, and the positioning block 55 returns to the original position under the action of the spring 58.
As shown in fig. 7, the girder 12 is provided with a traveling seat 61 and a displacement motor 62 for driving the traveling seat 61 to horizontally displace the girder, and the structure is adopted in the prior art, and will not be further described. The traveling seat 61 is mounted with two robot arm assemblies. The robot arm assembly includes a lift cylinder 63, a clamping cylinder 64, a lift frame 65, and first and second jaws 66 and 67. The cylinder body of the lifting cylinder 63 is mounted on the walking seat 61, the piston rod of the lifting cylinder is connected with the lifting frame 65, the lifting frame 65 is also provided with a guide post 68, and the guide post 67 vertically passes through a guide sleeve 69 of the walking seat 61. The first jaw 66 and the second jaw 67 are both connected to the bottom of the lifting frame 65 in a sliding way, and the clamping cylinder 64 is mounted on the lifting frame 65 and used for controlling the horizontal displacement of the first jaw 66 and the second jaw 67 to clamp or unclamp. Two symmetrical limiting blocks 661 are arranged at the bottom of the first clamping jaw 66, and the corresponding surfaces of the two limiting blocks 661 are obliquely arranged. The second claw 67 is provided with a positioning column 671, and the positioning column 671 can extend into a concave point on the end face of the cross shaft, so that the reliability of grabbing the cross shaft is further ensured.
As shown in fig. 8, the discharging mechanism includes a support 71 and a transmission chain 72 mounted on the support 71, and the cross shaft is directly supported on the two transmission chains 72.
As shown in fig. 9, the cooling mechanism includes a water tank 81 and a shower head 82. The solid-liquid separation device 83 is arranged beside the workbench 1, and the water tank 81 is connected to the solid-liquid separation device 83 through a pipeline, so that environmental pollution is reduced.
The working flow of the invention is as follows: manually placing the cross shaft in a feeding mechanism; the feeding mechanism connects one of the cross shafts to the limit groove 29 at the forefront end; the mechanical arm assembly is moved to the feeding mechanism, and the cross shaft at the forefront end is grabbed; the mechanical arm component brings the cross shaft into the clamp mechanism; two neck shafts of four grinding wheels of the front grinding disc group (41) and the rear grinding disc group (42) are ground, and the neck shafts are continuously 360 degrees rotated on a vertical plane in the grinding process because the front grinding wheel and the rear grinding disc group are continuously rotated and the rear grinding disc group is continuously moved forwards, so that the circumferential side surfaces of the neck shafts are processed; the mechanical arm assembly shifts the cross shaft to the cooling mechanism for cooling; after cooling, the mechanical arm assembly shifts the cross shaft to a rotating mechanism, and the rotating mechanism rotates the cross shaft by 90 degrees; the mechanical assembly shifts the cross shaft to the grinding mechanism again, and grinding is carried out on the other two cross shafts; the mechanical arm assembly shifts the cross shaft to the cooling mechanism for cooling; and finally, the mechanical arm assembly moves the cross shaft to the discharging mechanism. In the process, the two groups of mechanical arm assemblies can alternately work in turn, so that the working efficiency is improved to the greatest extent.
The foregoing description is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. Differential mechanism cross axle journal automatic grinding machine, including workstation and control system, its characterized in that: the workbench is provided with a feeding mechanism, a discharging mechanism, a rotating mechanism, a girder, a mechanical arm assembly, a clamp mechanism and a grinding mechanism, wherein the feeding mechanism, the discharging mechanism, the rotating mechanism, the mechanical arm assembly, the clamp mechanism and the grinding mechanism are all electrically connected with the control system; the feeding mechanism, the discharging mechanism and the rotating mechanism are arranged on one side of the grinding mechanism; the girder is supported by a first bracket of the workbench and spans over the feeding mechanism, the discharging mechanism, the rotating mechanism and the clamp mechanism; the mechanical arm assembly is horizontally arranged on the girder in a displacement manner; the grinding mechanism comprises a front grinding disc group and a rear grinding disc group, and the clamp mechanism is positioned between the front grinding disc group and the rear grinding disc group; the front millstone group is fixed at the front end of the workbench, and the rear millstone group sliding rail is connected at the rear end of the workbench; the front grinding disc group and the rear grinding disc group are composed of two grinding wheels which are arranged side by side, a gap is reserved between the two grinding wheels of the same grinding disc group, and the width of the gap is larger than the diameter of the shaft neck of the cross shaft;
the feeding mechanism is used for feeding the cross shafts to the position right below the girder one by one;
the mechanical arm assembly moves to a feeding mechanism, a clamp mechanism, a rotating mechanism and a discharging mechanism along the girder to grasp or place the cross shaft;
the rotating mechanism is used for rotating the cross shaft by 90 degrees, so that two neck shafts which are originally parallel to the girder are perpendicular to the girder, and two neck shafts which are originally perpendicular to the girder are parallel to the girder;
the clamping mechanism is used for rotatably clamping the cross shaft, and a channel is arranged in the middle of the clamping mechanism and used for allowing the other two neck shafts of the cross shaft to pass through.
2. The differential cross axle journal automatic grinding machine of claim 1, wherein: the clamp mechanism comprises a first positioning seat and a second positioning seat which are oppositely arranged through a channel; the upper surfaces of the first positioning seat and the second positioning seat are provided with arc-shaped grooves matched with the neck shaft, and the chord length of each groove is smaller than the diameter of the shaft neck; the first positioning seat is provided with a positioning block which is displaced from the groove, one end of the positioning block is connected with a guide rod, the guide rod is sleeved in a guide groove of the first positioning seat in a sliding manner, and a spring is arranged between the first positioning seat and the positioning block; one surface of the positioning block, which is close to the second positioning seat, is an arc surface, and the arc surface gradually approaches the second positioning seat from top to bottom.
3. The differential cross axle journal automatic grinding machine of claim 1, wherein: the feeding mechanism comprises a fixed frame and a movable frame; the fixing frame comprises two parallel baffle plates, two parallel limiting plates and two second brackets, wherein the two baffle plates are respectively fixed at the tops of the two second brackets, and the two limiting plates are respectively fixed at the inner sides of the two baffle plates; the movable frame comprises two movable plates, a connecting frame, two guide rods and two support columns, wherein the two movable plates are respectively arranged on the inner sides of the two limiting plates in a vertical displacement manner, the two movable plates are connected through the connecting frame, and the guide rods and the support columns are fixed on the connecting frame; the feeding mechanism further comprises an upper plate, a lower plate, a displacement cylinder and a jacking cylinder; the support and the cylinder body of the displacement cylinder are fixed on the lower plate, the upper plate is connected with the lower plate through a sliding rail, and the piston rod of the displacement cylinder is fixedly connected with the upper plate; the cylinder body of the jacking cylinder is arranged on the upper plate, and the two guide rods are sleeved at two ends of the upper plate in a sliding manner; the upper plate sliding rail is connected with two sliding seats, the two sliding seats are connected through a connecting rod, and a piston rod of the jacking cylinder is fixedly connected with one sliding seat; the sliding seat is provided with an inclined guide surface, and the two support columns slide on the guide surfaces of the two sliding seats respectively so as to enable the movable frame to move up and down; the limiting plate and the movable plate are uniformly provided with arc-shaped limiting grooves, the limiting plate extends towards the girder than the baffle, and at least one limiting groove is formed in the extending part of the baffle; and a first infrared sensor is arranged on one side of the limiting plate, which extends outwards.
4. The differential cross axle journal automatic grinding machine of claim 1, wherein: the rotating mechanism comprises an upper seat, a lower seat, a rotating cylinder, a rising cylinder and a second infrared sensor, wherein the upper seat is connected with the lower seat through the rotating cylinder, and the rotating cylinder drives the upper seat to horizontally rotate; the upper seat comprises an upper connecting plate and a lower connecting plate which are crossed; the top surface of the lower connecting plate is provided with a supporting plate, the cylinder body of the lifting cylinder is arranged on the supporting plate, and the piston rod of the lifting cylinder is fixedly connected with the upper connecting plate; the two ends of the lower connecting plate are provided with a first support plate and a second support plate which are oppositely arranged, and the two ends of the upper connecting plate are provided with a third support plate and a fourth support plate which are oppositely arranged; the top ends of the four support plates are provided with V-grooves, the two sides of the V-grooves of the first support plate and the second support plate are provided with idler wheels, the first support plate is also provided with a driving wheel and a rotating motor for driving the driving wheel to rotate, and the driving wheel is tangent to the two idler wheels of the first support plate; when the lifting air cylinder lifts the upper connecting plate to the highest position, the four support plates are flush; the second infrared sensor is opposite to the third support plate and is used for detecting whether the cross shaft is horizontal.
5. The differential cross axle journal automatic grinding machine of claim 4, wherein: the first support plate slide rail and the second support plate slide rail are connected to the lower connecting plate and locked by bolts; and the third and fourth support plate sliding rails are connected with the upper connecting plate and locked by bolts.
6. The differential cross axle journal automatic grinding machine of claim 1, wherein: the girder is provided with a walking seat and a displacement motor for driving the walking seat to horizontally displace on the girder; the walking seat is provided with two mechanical arm assemblies; the mechanical arm assembly comprises a lifting cylinder, a clamping cylinder, a lifting frame, a first claw and a second claw; the cylinder body of the lifting cylinder is arranged on the walking seat, a piston rod of the lifting cylinder is connected with the lifting frame, and a guide post of the lifting frame vertically penetrates through a guide sleeve of the walking seat; the first claw and the second claw are both connected to the bottom of the lifting frame through sliding rails, and the clamping cylinder is arranged on the lifting frame and used for controlling horizontal displacement of the first claw and the second claw.
7. The differential cross axle journal automatic grinding machine of claim 6, wherein: two symmetrical limiting blocks are arranged at the bottom of the first claw, and the corresponding surfaces of the two limiting blocks are obliquely arranged; the second claw is provided with a positioning column.
8. The differential cross axle journal automatic grinding machine of claim 1, wherein: the discharging mechanism comprises a support and a transmission chain arranged on the support.
9. The differential cross axle journal automatic grinding machine of claim 1, wherein: the workbench is also provided with a cooling mechanism, and the girder also extends to the position right above the cooling mechanism.
10. The differential cross axle journal automatic grinding machine of claim 9, wherein: the working table is provided with a solid-liquid separation device beside, and the cooling mechanism is connected to the solid-liquid separation device through a pipeline.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201811232764.8A CN109333284B (en) | 2018-10-23 | 2018-10-23 | Automatic grinding machine for differential cross axle journal |
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| CN201811232764.8A CN109333284B (en) | 2018-10-23 | 2018-10-23 | Automatic grinding machine for differential cross axle journal |
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| CN109333284A CN109333284A (en) | 2019-02-15 |
| CN109333284B true CN109333284B (en) | 2024-04-05 |
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| CN110549176A (en) * | 2019-10-09 | 2019-12-10 | 浙江立群汽车配件制造有限公司 | dedicated centerless cylindrical grinder of cross axle |
| CN112571193B (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2022-05-24 | 芜湖司毛特机械制造有限公司 | Steel chisel processing device |
| CN114211354B (en) * | 2021-11-04 | 2023-05-30 | 杭州春源自动化科技有限公司 | Feeding and discharging bracket device for cross workpiece, grinding machine and control method |
| CN113880020A (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2022-01-04 | 湖南星邦智能装备股份有限公司 | Self-adjusting sliding block and arm support with same |
| CN115401544A (en) * | 2022-10-13 | 2022-11-29 | 重庆传动轴股份有限公司 | Accessory system of polishing |
| CN117140353B (en) * | 2023-10-31 | 2024-02-09 | 万向钱潮股份公司 | Cross axle grinds terminal surface positioner |
| CN118106835B (en) * | 2024-04-30 | 2024-07-02 | 南通市中吕齿轮有限公司 | A cylindrical angle grinding device for gear processing |
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