CN109316944A - 热电锅炉烟气脱硫装置 - Google Patents
热电锅炉烟气脱硫装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109316944A CN109316944A CN201811361084.6A CN201811361084A CN109316944A CN 109316944 A CN109316944 A CN 109316944A CN 201811361084 A CN201811361084 A CN 201811361084A CN 109316944 A CN109316944 A CN 109316944A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- desulfurization
- water
- flue gas
- boiler flue
- distributor pipe
- Prior art date
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- 230000003009 desulfurizing Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 238000006477 desulfuration reactions Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 239000003546 flue gases Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound 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[O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000011901 water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000010410 layers Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000007921 sprays Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000945 fillers Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000007789 gases Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011521 glasses Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquids Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002002 slurries Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004174 sulfur cycle Methods 0.000 claims 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium sulfate Chemical compound 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N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000003344 environmental pollutants Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substances Substances 0.000 description 5
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- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium Chemical compound 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[Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/80—Semi-solid phase processes, i.e. by using slurries
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
- B01D53/50—Sulfur oxides
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- C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
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- C01C1/24—Sulfates of ammonium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
- B01D2258/0283—Flue gases
Abstract
本发明涉及烟气净化领域，公开了一种热电锅炉烟气脱硫装置，包括脱硫塔，脱硫塔自下而上分为浓缩段、脱硫段、一级水洗段、二级水洗段和除雾段，浓缩段内自下而上安装有液力搅拌分布管、两层喷淋分布管和一层补液喷淋冲洗分布管，脱硫段内自下而上安装有塔盘、三层喷淋分布管和一层除雾器，一级水洗段内自下而上安装有塔盘、填料、喷淋分布管和一层除雾器，二级水洗段内自下而上安装有塔盘、填料和喷淋分布管，除雾段内自下而上安装有两层屋脊式除雾器和一个高效管式除尘器。本发明热电锅炉烟气脱硫装置，脱硫后烟气排放指标达到超低排放要求，重要污染物均满足排放指标，且能顺利回收硫酸铵产品。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及烟气净化技术领域，特别涉及一种热电锅炉烟气脱硫装置。
背景技术
根据政策要求，2020年化工企业所有锅炉烟气排放必须实现超低排放，同时为进一步落实国家“保护优先，预防为主，综合治理，全员参与，损害担责”的环保方针，彻底解决“碱渣”这一潜在的环保隐患，现有的化工企业会停止盐碱氨肥钙装置，但由于部分企业烟气脱硫后的产物硫铵溶液是送至盐碱氨肥钙装置中进行处理，盐碱氨肥钙装置停运后，势必影响烟气脱硫装置的正常运行。且由于回收系统停运，产品不能回收，影响脱硫系统物料平衡，企业不得不将脱硫塔所有塔盘打通，只运行脱硫泵脱硫，脱硫液在达到一定浓度后送蒸吸处理，无法执行设计之初的脱硫工艺流程和设计指标，导致液体排放物超标，不符合环保规定，且脱硫塔浓缩段挂料结疤严重，严重影响系统安全有效运行。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是针对上述技术的不足，提供一种热电锅炉烟气脱硫装置，脱硫后烟气排放指标达到超低排放要求，重要污染物均满足排放指标，且能顺利回收硫酸铵产品。
为实现上述目的，本发明热电锅炉烟气脱硫装置，包括脱硫塔，所述脱硫塔自下而上分为浓缩段、脱硫段、一级水洗段、二级水洗段和除雾段，所述浓缩段内自下而上安装有液力搅拌分布管、两层浓缩段喷淋分布管和一层补液喷淋冲洗分布管，所述脱硫段内自下而上安装有脱硫段塔盘、三层脱硫段喷淋分布管和一层脱硫段除雾器，所述一级水洗段内自下而上安装有一级水洗段塔盘、一级水洗段填料、一级水洗段喷淋分布管和一层一级水洗段除雾器，所述二级水洗段内自下而上安装有二级水洗段塔盘、二级水洗段填料和二级水洗段喷淋分布管，所述除雾段内自下而上安装有两层屋脊式除雾器和一个高效管式除尘器。
优选地，所述脱硫塔内喷淋总液气比为7～8，提高脱硫除尘效果。
优选地，所述脱硫塔上设有双层洗涤水罐，为所述一级水洗段和二级水洗段提供水源。
优选地，所述浓缩段内设有浆液循环泵和塔底搅拌泵，提高浓缩效果和效率。
优选地，所述脱硫段内设有脱硫循环泵，提高脱硫效果和效率。
优选地，所述除雾段内设有与所述屋脊式除雾器相连的除雾器冲洗水泵，提高除雾的效果和效率。
优选地，所述脱硫塔外表面涂有防腐层，防止所述脱硫塔外表面腐蚀。
优选地，所述脱硫塔内壁上设有玻璃鳞片，防止所述脱硫塔内壁腐蚀。
优选地，所述脱硫塔内设有三层支撑梁，提高装置结构强度。
本发明与现有技术相比，具有以下优点：
1、通过设在脱硫塔内的各组件，增加了喷淋分布管、填料和除雾器，提高了脱硫和除尘的效果和效率，防止脱硫塔浓缩段挂料结疤，使烟气排放指标达到超低排放要求，烟气重要污染物均满足排放指标，且提高了装置的容量；
2、通过设置液力搅拌分布管、循环泵和搅拌泵，提高了硫酸铵的结晶效率，并通过补液喷淋冲洗分布管，提高了硫酸铵的产品品质，使其达到化肥级标准。
附图说明
图1为本发明热电锅炉烟气脱硫装置的结构示意图。
图中各部件标号如下：
浓缩段1、液力搅拌分布管11、浓缩段喷淋分布管12、补液喷淋冲洗分布管13、浆液循环泵14、塔底搅拌泵15、脱硫段2、脱硫段塔盘21、脱硫段喷淋分布管22、脱硫段除雾器23、脱硫循环泵24、一级水洗段3、一级水洗段塔盘31、一级水洗段填料32、一级水洗段喷淋分布管33、一级水洗段除雾器34、二级水洗段4、二级水洗段塔盘41、二级水洗段填料42、二级水洗段喷淋分布管43、除雾段5、屋脊式除雾器51、高效管式除尘器52、除雾器冲洗水泵53。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明，便于更清楚地了解本发明，但它们不对本发明构成限定。
如图1所示，本发明热电锅炉烟气脱硫装置，包括脱硫塔，脱硫塔自下而上分为浓缩段1、脱硫段2、一级水洗段3、二级水洗段4和除雾段5，浓缩段1内自下而上安装有液力搅拌分布管11、两层浓缩段喷淋分布管12和一层补液喷淋冲洗分布管13，脱硫段2内自下而上安装有脱硫段塔盘21、三层脱硫段喷淋分布管22和一层脱硫段除雾器23，一级水洗段3内自下而上安装有一级水洗段塔盘31、一级水洗段填料32、一级水洗段喷淋分布管33和一层一级水洗段除雾器34，二级水洗段4内自下而上安装有二级水洗段塔盘41、二级水洗段填料42和二级水洗段喷淋分布管43，除雾段5内自下而上安装有两层屋脊式除雾器51和一个高效管式除尘器52。
本实施例中，脱硫塔内喷淋总液气比为7，在其它实施例中，脱硫塔内喷淋总液气比也可以为8，提高脱硫除尘效果。
另外，脱硫塔上设有双层洗涤水罐，为一级水洗段3和二级水洗段4提供水源，浓缩段1内设有浆液循环泵14和塔底搅拌泵15，提高浓缩效果和效率，脱硫段2内设有脱硫循环泵24，提高脱硫效果和效率，除雾段5内设有与屋脊式除雾器51相连的除雾器冲洗水泵53，提高除雾的效果和效率，脱硫塔外表面涂有防腐层，防止脱硫塔外表面腐蚀，脱硫塔内壁上设有玻璃鳞片，防止脱硫塔内壁腐蚀，脱硫塔内设有三层支撑梁，提高装置结构强度。
本实施例热电锅炉烟气脱硫装置使用时，烟气进入脱硫塔后，烟气在浓缩段1迅速降温增湿，随后烟气逆流而上，在脱硫段2进行脱硫并形成硫酸铵溶液，硫酸铵溶液在浓缩段1结晶生成固态硫酸铵，脱硫后的烟气继续上行至水一级水洗段3和二级水洗段4进行水洗除尘，并在除雾段5除雾，达到排放标准后从脱硫塔顶部排出。
本发明热电锅炉烟气脱硫装置主要用于脱除烟气中SO2、SO3、HCl、HF等污染物及烟气中的飞灰等物质，能使烟气排放指标达到超低排放要求，脱硫后烟气重要污染物排放满足如下指标：
SO2≤35mg/Nm3
粉尘≤5mg/Nm3
氨逃逸≤8mg/Nm3
且能顺利回收硫酸铵产品，硫酸铵产品品质达到化肥级标准。
另外，本发明热电锅炉烟气脱硫装置处理烟气量达到480000N m3/h，容量高，且制作稳定使用时间长，预计年运行时间能达到8000h。
Claims (9)
1.一种热电锅炉烟气脱硫装置，包括脱硫塔，其特征在于：所述脱硫塔自下而上分为浓缩段(1)、脱硫段(2)、一级水洗段(3)、二级水洗段(4)和除雾段(5)，所述浓缩段(1)内自下而上安装有液力搅拌分布管(11)、两层浓缩段喷淋分布管(12)和一层补液喷淋冲洗分布管(13)，所述脱硫段(2)内自下而上安装有脱硫段塔盘(21)、三层脱硫段喷淋分布管(22)和一层脱硫段除雾器(23)，所述一级水洗段(3)内自下而上安装有一级水洗段塔盘(31)、一级水洗段填料(32)、一级水洗段喷淋分布管(33)和一层一级水洗段除雾器(34)，所述二级水洗段(4)内自下而上安装有二级水洗段塔盘(41)、二级水洗段填料(42)和二级水洗段喷淋分布管(43)，所述除雾段(5)内自下而上安装有两层屋脊式除雾器(51)和一个高效管式除尘器(52)。
2.根据权利要求1所述热电锅炉烟气脱硫装置，其特征在于：所述脱硫塔内喷淋总液气比为7～8。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述热电锅炉烟气脱硫装置，其特征在于：所述脱硫塔上设有双层洗涤水罐。
4.根据权利要求3所述热电锅炉烟气脱硫装置，其特征在于：所述浓缩段(1)内设有浆液循环泵(14)和塔底搅拌泵(15)。
5.根据权利要求4所述热电锅炉烟气脱硫装置，其特征在于：所述脱硫段(2)内设有脱硫循环泵(24)。
6.根据权利要求5所述热电锅炉烟气脱硫装置，其特征在于：所述除雾段(5)内设有与所述屋脊式除雾器(51)相连的除雾器冲洗水泵(53)。
7.根据权利要求6所述热电锅炉烟气脱硫装置，其特征在于：所述脱硫塔外表面涂有防腐层。
8.根据权利要求7所述热电锅炉烟气脱硫装置，其特征在于：所述脱硫塔内壁上设有玻璃鳞片。
9.根据权利要求8所述热电锅炉烟气脱硫装置，其特征在于：所述脱硫塔内设有三层支撑梁。
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