CN109301273A - A kind of biomass derived carbon material and its preparation method and application - Google Patents
A kind of biomass derived carbon material and its preparation method and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN109301273A CN109301273A CN201811317467.3A CN201811317467A CN109301273A CN 109301273 A CN109301273 A CN 109301273A CN 201811317467 A CN201811317467 A CN 201811317467A CN 109301273 A CN109301273 A CN 109301273A
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 title abstract description 44
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 title abstract description 12
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 claims description 54
- 235000013616 tea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 47
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea Chemical compound NC(N)=S UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- RJTJVVYSTUQWNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-ethyl naphthalene Natural products C1=CC=CC2=CC(CC)=CC=C21 RJTJVVYSTUQWNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000009569 green tea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 27
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 17
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000383 hazardous chemical Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241001122767 Theaceae Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 35
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 24
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910021397 glassy carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002484 cyclic voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DSVGQVZAZSZEEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Pt] Chemical compound [C].[Pt] DSVGQVZAZSZEEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013112 stability test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010070834 Sensitisation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005087 graphitization Methods 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M iodide Chemical compound [I-] XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940006461 iodide ion Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008313 sensitization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002336 sorption--desorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036228 toxication Effects 0.000 description 1
- WRTMQOHKMFDUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N triiodide Chemical compound I[I-]I WRTMQOHKMFDUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940006158 triiodide ion Drugs 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/96—Carbon-based electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2022—Light-sensitive devices characterized by he counter electrode
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/542—Dye sensitized solar cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of biomass derived carbon materials and its preparation method and application.The present invention specifically provides a kind of derivative carbon material of tealeaves and prepares the carbon material of N, F Heteroatom doping by the method for a step high temperature pyrolysis using tealeaves as carbon source and hetero atom source.Utilize tealeaves derived carbon material catalyst made of the derivative carbon material of tealeaves provided by the invention, it can be with the redox reaction of catalytic fuel cell and dye-sensitized solar cells cathode, catalytic activity, excellent methanol tolerance performance and long durability with higher.After carrying out sulphur (S) doping to it, catalytic performance is further improved.This method is instead of traditional synthetic method, and in the synthesis process without passing through any processing, single presoma of the tea grounds as hetero atom and carbon source avoids and use hazardous chemical in the synthesis process.Our work provides a kind of new strategy of functional carbon material for preparing the Heteroatom doping based on waste biomass waste material.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to catalysis material preparation field more particularly to a kind of biomass derived carbon material and preparation method thereof and
Using.
Background technique
With the continuous consumption and concern of the whole world to environment of fossil fuel, to sustainable and the renewable sources of energy the explorations
Become one of current most important challenge.Currently, an important component of sustainable development chain be electrochemical storage and
Conversion equipment, such as fuel cell, photocatalytic water and solar battery etc..As a part of high-performance energy device, electro-catalysis
Agent plays important role in these electrochemical reactions.Currently, the elctro-catalyst largely used in practical applications is gold
Belong to platinum, but there are problems for metal platinum, for example, expensive, non-renewable, stability is poor, and anti methanol toxication ability is poor
Etc..Therefore, under study for action, it is desirable to find a kind of Cathodic oxygen reduction catalyst for substituting metal platinum.Heteroatom doping carbon
Material has very as non-metal catalyst electro catalytic activity with higher, low cost, long-time stability and environment friendly
Big potentiality.Hetero atom introducing carbon-based material be can lead into the reallocation of charge density or spin density, this is to oxygen uptake and subsequent
Reduction process plays positive effect.Due to synergistic effect, the catalytic activity that binary or ternary adulterates carbon material is higher than single doping
Carbon material.However, the synthesis for adulterating heteroatomic carbon material usually requires the precursor of complicated program or danger, which prevent realities
Border application.
Summary of the invention
It is a primary object of the present invention to overcome existing synthetic method, one kind is provided using tea grounds as carbon source and miscellaneous original
Component prepares Heteroatom doping carbon material by the method for a step high temperature pyrolysis, to simplify preparation process, reduce raw material at
This, realizes its large-scale production and application.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of material, the preparation method of the material includes following 1) -5):
1) tealeaves and deionized water are boiled；
2) it collects tea leaf residual and is dried after being washed with deionized；
3) tea leaf residual after drying is made powdered；
4) by powdered tea leaves slag high temperature pyrolysis in a nitrogen atmosphere；
5) after being cooled to room temperature, cleaned with acid, after be washed with deionized water to neutrality, it is dry after to obtain the final product.
At least one of specifically, the material further includes following 1) -18) described:
1) described to boil including boiling 3-5 times, continue 2-3 minutes every time；
It is preferred that boiling 5 times, every time 2 minutes；
2) it is described drying include 60-80 DEG C drying 6-12 hours；
It is preferred that being dried 12 hours at 70 DEG C；
3) drying includes being dried with vacuum drying oven；
4) tea leaf residual by after drying be made it is powdered include: 20-30, zirconium pearl for taking diameter to be 5-8 millimeter and
After drying tea leaf residual mixing, after be put into ball mill carry out grinding treatment, handle time 40-80 minutes；
It is preferred that 30,5-8 millimeters of zirconium pearl mix with the tea leaf residual after drying, after be put into ball mill progress grinding treatment,
The processing time 60 minutes；
5) it is 800-1000 DEG C that the high temperature pyrolysis, which includes pyrolysis temperature, time 2-4h；
It is preferred that 1000 DEG C of high temperature pyrolysis 2h；
6) high temperature pyrolysis includes using tube furnace high temperature pyrolysis；
7) it is 5-10 centigrade per minute that the high temperature pyrolysis, which includes heating rate,；
8) described cleaned with acid includes using hydrochloric acid and/or sulfuric acid cleaned；
9) described cleaned with acid including pickling time is 6-12 hours；
10) described cleaned with acid includes the acid cleaning for being 2-4M with concentration；
11) drying includes vacuum drying；
It is preferred that being dried in vacuo 12 hours at 70 DEG C；
12) described be made powdered includes: by the tea leaf residual m ut f pulv shape after thiocarbamide and drying；Specifically
, the mass ratio of the thiocarbamide and tea leaf residual is 1:20；
13) tealeaves includes green tea；
14) material includes meso-hole structure；Specifically, characteristic aperture is 4nm；
15) material includes porous material；Specifically, specific surface area is 855m2g-1；
16) material includes graphitized carbon and/or amorphous carbon；
17) material includes N and F；Specifically, the mass percentage of N and F is respectively 1-3%；Again specifically, N and
The mass percentage of F is respectively 2.8% and 2.2%；
18) material further includes S；Specifically, the mass percentage of S is 4-7%；Again specifically, the quality percentage of S
Content is 5.6%.
It is a further object to provide a kind of preparation method of material, the method includes following 1) -5):
1) tealeaves and deionized water are boiled；
2) it collects tea leaf residual and is dried after being washed with deionized；
3) tea leaf residual after drying is made powdered；
4) by powdered tea leaves slag high temperature pyrolysis in a nitrogen atmosphere；
5) after being cooled to room temperature, cleaned with acid, after be washed with deionized water to neutrality, it is dry after to obtain the final product.
At least one of specifically, the method also includes following 1) -18) described:
1) described to boil including boiling 3-5 times, continue 2-3 minutes every time；
It is preferred that boiling 5 times, every time 2 minutes；
2) it is described drying include 60-80 DEG C drying 6-12 hours；
It is preferred that being dried 12 hours at 70 DEG C；
3) drying includes being dried with vacuum drying oven；
4) tea leaf residual by after drying be made it is powdered include: 20-30, zirconium pearl for taking diameter to be 5-8 millimeter and
After drying tea leaf residual mixing, after be put into ball mill carry out grinding treatment, handle time 40-80 minutes；
It is preferred that 30,5-8 millimeters of zirconium pearl mix with the tea leaf residual after drying, after be put into ball mill progress grinding treatment,
The processing time 60 minutes；
5) it is 800-1000 DEG C that the high temperature pyrolysis, which includes pyrolysis temperature, time 2-4h；
It is preferred that 1000 DEG C of high temperature pyrolysis 2h；
6) high temperature pyrolysis includes using tube furnace high temperature pyrolysis；
7) it is 5-10 centigrade per minute that the high temperature pyrolysis, which includes heating rate,；
8) described cleaned with acid includes using hydrochloric acid and/or sulfuric acid cleaned；
9) described cleaned with acid including pickling time is 6-12 hours；
10) described cleaned with acid includes the acid cleaning for being 2-4M with concentration；
11) drying includes vacuum drying；
It is preferred that being dried in vacuo 12 hours at 70 DEG C；
12) described be made powdered includes: by the tea leaf residual m ut f pulv shape after thiocarbamide and drying；Specifically
, the mass ratio of the thiocarbamide and tea leaf residual is 1:20；
13) tealeaves includes green tea；
14) material includes meso-hole structure；Specifically, characteristic aperture is 4nm；
15) material includes porous material；Specifically, specific surface area is 500m2g-1More than；Again specifically, specific surface
Product is 855m2g-1；
16) material includes graphitized carbon and/or amorphous carbon；
17) material includes N and F；Specifically, the mass percentage of N and F is respectively 1-3%；Again specifically, N and
The mass percentage of F is respectively 2.8% and 2.2%；
18) material further includes S；Specifically, the mass percentage of S is 4-7%；Again specifically, the quality percentage of S
Content is 5.6%.
It is also another object of the present invention to provide a kind of catalyst, the catalyst includes: by any material of the present invention
The material that the preparation method of material or any material of the present invention is directly prepared is dispersed in the mixed liquor of ethyl alcohol and naphthalene sweet smell
In, after ultrasound to obtain the final product.
Specifically, the catalyst further include it is following 1) and/or 2):
1) ultrasound includes ultrasound 60 minutes；
2) volume ratio of the ethyl alcohol and naphthalene sweet smell is 24:1.
It is also another object of the present invention to provide a kind of preparation methods of catalyst, which comprises appoints the present invention
Material that the preparation method of one material or any material of the present invention is directly prepared is dispersed in ethyl alcohol and naphthalene is fragrant
In mixed liquor, after ultrasound to obtain the final product.
Specifically, the preparation method of the catalyst further include it is following 1) and/or 2):
1) ultrasound includes ultrasound 60 minutes；
2) volume ratio of the ethyl alcohol and naphthalene sweet smell is 24:1.
Of the invention a further object is provides the preparation side of any material of the present invention, any material of the present invention
The preparation method of material, any catalyst of the present invention or any catalyst of the present invention that method is directly prepared is straight
Connect the application for the catalyst being prepared.
Specifically, the application includes: the cathode material as fuel cell and/or dye-sensitized solar cells.
Of the invention a further object is that the preparation method for providing any material of the present invention or the present invention are any described
The application of the preparation method of catalyst.
Specifically, the application includes, fuel cell, dye-sensitized solar cells, and/or its Related product are being prepared
In application.
The bio-diversity of the earth assigns mankind's biomass resource abundant, can be easily converted by carbonization each
The carbon material of kind function, for we provide a kind of very low costs, simple and easy to do, environmental-friendly strategy.Made using biomass
The property for adjusting carbon material in various catalysis reactions for us for predecessor provides wide prospect.
The present invention develops one kind using biomass as substrate, using hetero atom contained by biomass itself, synthesizes electrocatalysis
The good carbon material of energy.In a specific embodiment, the present invention provides one kind using tealeaves as carbon source and hetero atom
Source prepares Heteroatom doping carbon material by the method for a step high temperature pyrolysis.This method is being closed instead of traditional synthetic method
At in the process without (if used organic compound as precursor, being sintered in ammonia atmosphere by any processing, using hydroxide
Sodium or activation of potassium hydroxide, use silica for template etc.).Single presoma of the tea grounds as hetero atom and carbon source, keeps away
Exempt to use hazardous chemical, environmental-friendly in the synthesis process.It prepares the present invention provides a kind of based on waste biomass waste material
Heteroatom doping functional carbon material new strategy.
The Heteroatom doping carbon material provided by the invention prepared using tealeaves as carbon source and hetero atom source, can be used as being catalyzed
Agent, can catalytic fuel cell and dye-sensitized solar cells cathode redox reaction.The results show of the present invention
It is tealeaves derived carbon material catalyst catalytic activity with higher made of the derivative carbon material of tealeaves provided by the invention, excellent
Methanol tolerance performance and long durability.After carrying out sulphur (S) doping to it, catalytic performance is further improved.
Detailed description of the invention
The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present application, constitutes part of this application, this Shen
Illustrative embodiments and their description please are not constituted an undue limitation on the present application for explaining the application.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is scanning electron microscope (SEM) photo of sample prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 2 is transmission electron microscope (TEM) photo of sample prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 3 is the X-ray diffraction spectrum (XRD) of sample prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 4 is the x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of sample prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 5 is the XPS result of S element in the sample of the preparation of the embodiment of the present invention 3.
Fig. 6 is the nitrogen adsorption-desorption and graph of pore diameter distribution of sample prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 7 is the sample of the preparation of the embodiment of the present invention 1 in N2Saturation and O2Cyclic voltammetric in the KOH solution of saturation
Test (CV) result figure.
Fig. 8 is that (LSV) is tested in the linear scan of sample and business platinum carbon (Pt/C) sample prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 1
Curve.
Fig. 9 is that (LSV) is tested in the linear scan of sample and business platinum carbon (Pt/C) sample prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 2
Curve.
Figure 10 is sample stability test result prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Figure 11 is sample methanol tolerance the performance test results prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 1.
The sample that Figure 12 is the embodiment of the present invention 1, prepared by embodiment 3 surveys the Tafel of iodine reduction reaction catalytic performance
Try curve (wherein Pt electrode is as reference).
Figure 13 be the embodiment of the present invention 1, embodiment 3 prepare sample assembly at dye-sensitized solar cells electric current-
Voltage sweep (wherein Pt electrode is as reference).
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Below
Description only actually at least one exemplary embodiment be it is illustrative, never as to the present invention and its application or make
Any restrictions.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are not making creative work premise
Under every other embodiment obtained, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Experimental method used in following embodiments is conventional method unless otherwise specified.
Material as used in the following examples etc., is commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Embodiment 1
Step 1,5g tealeaves is taken, 200ml deionized water is added, boils 3-5 times, continues 2-3 minutes every time.
Step 2, tea leaf residual is collected and is washed with deionized 3 times, then filtered out and be placed in vacuum drying oven,
60-80 DEG C drying 6-12 hours.
Step 3,20-30, the zirconium pearl that diameter is 5-8 millimeter is taken to mix with the tea leaf residual after drying, after be put into ball mill
Grinding treatment is carried out, handles time 40-80 minutes, then separates the powder after grinding.
Step 4, tealeaf residue high temperature pyrolysis in a nitrogen atmosphere is obtained into product in tube furnace.Pyrolysis temperature is 800-
1000 DEG C, time 2-4h；Heating rate is 5-10 centigrade per minute.
Step 5, after tube furnace is cooled to room temperature, with 20-30ml acid cleaning sample, after be washed with deionized water to neutrality, very
Sky is dried to obtain biomass derived carbon material.Acid used is hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, concentration 2-4M.Pickling time is that 6-12 is small
When.
4.0 milligrams of materials obtained above are dispersed in 960 μ L ethyl alcohol and 40 μ L naphthalene sweet smell ultrasound 60 minutes, biology is obtained
Matter derived carbon material catalyst.The catalyst can use the redox reaction of catalytic cathode in a fuel cell.
The biomass derived carbon material catalyst prepared by the above method can solve technical problem of the present invention,
Reach advantageous effects of the present invention, the present embodiment has been specifically chosen following preparation methods:
2 grams of green tea will bought from local market, are crossed 5 times with 200ml deionized water boiling water boiling, continue 2 minutes every time, directly
To tea by until secretly becoming colorless.Then tea leaf residual is collected and is washed with deionized 3 times, then filter out juxtaposition
In vacuum drying oven, dried 12 hours at 70 DEG C.30, zirconium pearl that diameter is 5-8 millimeters are taken to mix with the tea leaf residual after drying
Close, after be put into ball mill carry out grinding treatment, handle the time 60 minutes.Powder after grinding is separated, tube furnace is put into
In, high temperature pyrolysis 2 hours at 1000 DEG C in nitrogen atmosphere, heating rate is 10 DEG C of min-1, N, F derived from tea grounds is finally made
The carbon material (being named as T-NFC) of doping.After tube furnace is cooled to room temperature, gained sample is taken out and uses hydrochloric acid (concentration
2.0M) washing is to neutrality, and hydrochloric acid dosage 25ml, pickling time is 8 hours.It is finally dried in vacuo 12 hours, makes at 70 DEG C
Obtain the derivative carbon material of tealeaves.
4.0 milligrams of materials obtained above are dispersed in ultrasound 60 minutes in the mixed liquor of 960 μ L ethyl alcohol and 40 μ L naphthalene sweet smell,
Obtain tealeaves derived carbon material catalyst.
Embodiment 2
2 grams of green tea will bought from local market, are crossed 5 times with 200ml deionized water boiling water boiling, continue 2 minutes every time, directly
To tea by until secretly becoming colorless.Then tea leaf residual is collected and is washed with deionized 3 times, then filter out juxtaposition
In vacuum drying oven, dried 12 hours at 70 DEG C.30, zirconium pearl that diameter is 5-8 millimeters are taken to mix with the tea leaf residual after drying
Close, after be put into ball mill carry out grinding treatment, handle the time 60 minutes.Powder after grinding is separated, tube furnace is put into
In, high temperature pyrolysis 2 hours at 800 DEG C in nitrogen atmosphere, heating rate is 10 DEG C of min-1, N, F derived from tea grounds is finally made
The carbon material (being named as T-NFC-800) of doping.After tube furnace is cooled to room temperature, gained sample is taken out and uses hydrochloric acid (dense
Spend 2.0M) washing is to neutrality, and hydrochloric acid dosage 25ml, pickling time is 8 hours.Finally it is dried in vacuo 12 hours at 70 DEG C,
The derivative carbon material of tealeaves is made.
4.0 milligrams of materials obtained above are dispersed in ultrasound 60 minutes in the mixed liquor of 960 μ L ethyl alcohol and 40 μ L naphthalene sweet smell,
Obtain tealeaves derived carbon material catalyst.
Embodiment 3
2 grams of green tea will bought from local market, are crossed 5 times with 200ml deionized water boiling water boiling, continue 2 minutes every time, directly
To tea by until secretly becoming colorless.Then tea leaf residual is collected and is washed with deionized 3 times, then filter out juxtaposition
In vacuum drying oven, dried 12 hours at 70 DEG C.30, zirconium pearl that diameter is 5-8 millimeters are taken to mix with the tea leaf residual after drying
Close, add a certain amount of thiocarbamide (mass ratio of thiocarbamide and tea grounds powder is 1:20), after be put into ball mill and carry out grinding treatment,
The processing time 60 minutes.Powder after grinding is separated, is put into tube furnace, the high warm at 1000 DEG C in nitrogen atmosphere
Solution 2 hours, heating rate are 10 DEG C of min-1, N derived from tea grounds is finally made, the carbon material of F, S doping (is named as " S doping T-
NFC").After tube furnace is cooled to room temperature, gained sample is taken out and is washed with hydrochloric acid (concentration 2.0M) to neutrality, hydrochloric acid is used
Amount is 25ml, and pickling time is 8 hours.It is finally dried in vacuo 12 hours at 70 DEG C, the derivative carbon material of tealeaves is made.
4.0 milligrams of materials obtained above are dispersed in ultrasound 60 minutes in the mixed liquor of 960 μ L ethyl alcohol and 40 μ L naphthalene sweet smell,
Obtain tealeaves derived carbon material catalyst.
Test case 1
Electronic Speculum (SEM), transmission electron microscope are scanned to the derivative carbon material of tealeaves made from embodiment 1 and embodiment 3
(TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), specific surface area and pore-size distribution test, as a result respectively as schemed
1, shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6.By Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 it is found that tealeaves produced by the present invention derivative carbon material (T-NFC) is
A kind of porous material.Two apparent diffraction maximums as can be seen from Figure 3, the two peaks are graphite diffraction maximum, show that T-NFC has
There is certain degree of graphitization, indicates it with good electric conductivity.The T-NFC that Fig. 4 shows prepared by embodiment 1 is a kind of N, F
Codope carbon material, wherein the form of carbon includes two kinds, both graphitized carbon and amorphous carbon.Hetero atom is located at carbon in T-NFC
The mass percentage of defective bit, N and F atom substantially 2.8% and 2.2%.Fig. 5 is that S prepared by embodiment 3 adulterates T-NFC
The xps energy spectrum of sample shows that S has been doped into the material, the mass percentage of atom substantially 5.6% really.Fig. 6 is T-
It is huge to further determined that the material has by nitrogen adsorption-detachment assays for NFC specific surface area and pore size distribution test result
Specific surface area and good meso-hole structure, this contributes to form more catalytic sites, and is conducive to mass transfer.
Test case 2
Then the 5 μ L drop of tealeaves derived carbon material catalyst that Example 1 obtains is done at room temperature in glassy carbon electrode surface
It is dry.Cyclic voltammetry is carried out in the 0.1M KOH solution of oxygen saturation nitrogen saturation respectively at room temperature.Wherein, circulation volt
Peace test is that there are three the CHI700E electrochemical workstations of electrode system to carry out in tool.Using vitreous carbon rotating disc electrode
(RDE) (diameter 5mm, Pine) is used as working electrode.It is respectively Pt and Ag/AgCl electrode to electrode and reference electrode.Test
As a result as shown in Figure 7.Fig. 7 the result shows that, in O2Occurs apparent reduction in the KOH solution of saturation, in cyclic voltammetry curve
Peak, it was demonstrated that the material has apparent catalytic effect to oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), illustrates that it is a kind of suitable ORR catalysis material
Material.
Test case 3
Then the 5 μ L drop of tealeaves derived carbon material catalyst (T-NFC) that Example 1 obtains exists in glassy carbon electrode surface
It dries at room temperature.Linear scan test (LSV) is carried out in the 0.1M KOH solution of oxygen saturation at room temperature, linear scan test
It is the revolving speed 1600rpm carrying out the electrochemical workstation as described in test case 2.
In order to compare, 5 μ L commercialization Pt/C catalyst (20wt%Pt) are dripped in glass-carbon electrode table with same method
Face carries out identical test.
Test results are shown in figure 8.In Fig. 8, T-NFC represents the tealeaves derived carbon material catalyst that embodiment 1 obtains,
Pt/C represents the test result of commercialization Pt/C catalyst.Fig. 8 the result shows that, T-NFC has and Pt/C and its close starting electricity
Gesture and carrying current, it was demonstrated that it is with excellent ORR catalytic effect.
Test case 4
The 5 μ L drop of tealeaves derived carbon material catalyst (T-NFC-800) that Example 2 obtains is in glassy carbon electrode surface, so
After be dried at room temperature for.Linear scan test (LSV) is carried out in the 0.1M KOH solution of oxygen saturation at room temperature, linear scan
Test is the revolving speed 1600rpm carrying out the electrochemical workstation as described in test case 2.
In order to compare, 5 μ L commercialization Pt/C catalyst (20wt%Pt) are dripped in glass-carbon electrode table with same method
Face carries out identical test.
Test results are shown in figure 9.In Fig. 9, T-NFC-800 represents the derivative carbon material catalysis of tealeaves that embodiment 2 obtains
Agent, Pt/C represent the test result of commercialization Pt/C catalyst.Fig. 9 the result shows that, compared with Pt/C, T-NFC-800 ORR be catalyzed
In show very close starting current potential, but its carrying current is significantly lower than Pt/C, this turns out the ORR of T-NFC-800
Catalytic performance is not so good as business Pt/C.
Test case 5
Then the 5 μ L drop of tealeaves derived carbon material catalyst (T-NFC) that Example 1 obtains exists in glassy carbon electrode surface
It dries at room temperature.Linear scan test is carried out in the 0.1M KOH solution of oxygen saturation at room temperature, linear scan test is
Carrying out the electrochemical workstation as described in test case 3, revolving speed 1600rpm is recorded as initial linear scan data.In order to
Stability test is carried out, 5000 cyclic voltammetries has been carried out, has carried out linear scan test again in 1600rpm later, is recorded
For final linear scanning data, compared with starting.Test results are shown in figure 10, after 5000 continuous loop tests
Starting current potential and carrying current do not change, this shows that T-NFC has excellent stability.
In order to carry out methanol tolerance performance test, we joined 2ml methanol in 150ml 0.1M KOH solution, it is laggard
Line sweep test.As a result as shown in figure 11, it is added before and after methanol, the two lines sweep test curve of T-NFC weighs substantially
It closes, the catalytic performance for representing the sample is not influenced by methanol, proves it with preferable methanol tolerance performance with this.
Test case 6
T-NFC made from 50mg embodiment 1 and embodiment 3 and S doping T-NFC is weighed respectively, is placed in mortar and is added
Enter 120 μ L terpinols to be ground, milling time 10min, then scratches this slurry on FTO glass.By sample in nitrogen
Atmosphere encloses lower heat treatment 2h, and temperature is 500 DEG C.Electrode after cooling is put into containing iodide ion and Triiodide ion (I-/I3 -)
Tafel test is carried out in solution.Simultaneously, the Pt electrode of sputtering method preparation is compared as reference.Tafel test knot
Fruit is as shown in figure 12, shows iodine reduction reaction (IRR) effect of T-NFC not as good as Pt electrode, exchanging electric current and carrying current are equal
Lower than Pt electrode.In contrast, the T-NFC of S doping has exchanging electric current more higher than Pt electrode and carrying current.Tafel is surveyed
It takes temperature bright, the T-NFC of S doping has more preferably IRR catalytic performance.
The T-NFC and S doping T-NFC electrode prepared is used as cathode (or to electrode), is assembled into complete dyestuff
Sensitization solar battery (DSCs), (the 100mW cm under etalon optical power-2) carry out current-voltage sweep test.Simultaneously, will
The Pt electrode of sputtering method preparation is used as reference to compare.Test curve is as shown in figure 13.DSCs based on Pt electrode opens a way electric
Pressure, short circuit current, fill factor and photoelectric conversion efficiency are respectively 0.81V, 12.72mA cm-2, 0.74 and 7.62%；Based on T-
DSCs open-circuit voltage, short circuit current, fill factor and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of NFC is respectively 0.79V, 12.40mA cm-2、0.70
With 6.86%；DSCs open-circuit voltage, short circuit current, fill factor and photoelectric conversion efficiency based on S doping T-NFC are respectively
0.82V、12.82mA cm-2, 0.74 and 7.78%.The above result shows that T-NFC is since IRR performance is not as good as Pt, battery performance
Also it is significantly lower than Pt.The DSCs that T-NFC after S doping is assembled has the transfer efficiency also more slightly higher than Pt electrode, it was demonstrated that its is excellent
Different IRR catalytic performance.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of material, which is characterized in that the preparation method of the material includes following 1) -5):
1) tealeaves and deionized water are boiled；
2) it collects tea leaf residual and is dried after being washed with deionized；
3) tea leaf residual after drying is made powdered；
4) by powdered tea leaves slag high temperature pyrolysis in a nitrogen atmosphere；
5) after being cooled to room temperature, cleaned with acid, after be washed with deionized water to neutrality, it is dry after to obtain the final product.
2. material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the material further includes following 1) -18) it is described at least
It is a kind of:
1) described to boil including boiling 3-5 times, continue 2-3 minutes every time；
2) it is described drying include 60-80 DEG C drying 6-12 hours；
3) drying includes being dried with vacuum drying oven；
4) it includes: 20-30, zirconium pearl for taking diameter to be 5-8 millimeters and drying that the tea leaf residual by after drying, which is made powdered,
Afterwards tea leaf residual mixing, after be put into ball mill carry out grinding treatment, handle time 40-80 minutes；
5) it is 800-1000 DEG C that the high temperature pyrolysis, which includes pyrolysis temperature, time 2-4h；
6) high temperature pyrolysis includes using tube furnace high temperature pyrolysis；
7) it is 5-10 centigrade per minute that the high temperature pyrolysis, which includes heating rate,；
8) described cleaned with acid includes using hydrochloric acid and/or sulfuric acid cleaned；
9) described cleaned with acid including pickling time is 6-12 hours；
10) described cleaned with acid includes the acid cleaning for being 2-4M with concentration；
11) drying includes vacuum drying；
12) described be made powdered includes: by the tea leaf residual m ut f pulv shape after thiocarbamide and drying；Specifically, institute
The mass ratio for stating thiocarbamide and tea leaf residual is 1:20；
13) tealeaves includes green tea；
14) material includes meso-hole structure；
15) material includes porous material；
16) material includes graphitized carbon and/or amorphous carbon；
17) material includes N and F；
18) material further includes S.
3. a kind of preparation method of material, which is characterized in that the method includes following 1) -5):
1) tealeaves and deionized water are boiled；
2) it collects tea leaf residual and is dried after being washed with deionized；
3) tea leaf residual after drying is made powdered；
4) by powdered tea leaves slag high temperature pyrolysis in a nitrogen atmosphere；
5) after being cooled to room temperature, cleaned with acid, after be washed with deionized water to neutrality, it is dry after to obtain the final product.
4. according to the method described in claim 3, it is characterized in that, the method also includes following 1) -18) it is described at least
It is a kind of:
1) described to boil including boiling 3-5 times, continue 2-3 minutes every time；
2) it is described drying include 60-80 DEG C drying 6-12 hours；
3) drying includes being dried with vacuum drying oven；
4) it includes: 20-30, zirconium pearl for taking diameter to be 5-8 millimeters and drying that the tea leaf residual by after drying, which is made powdered,
Afterwards tea leaf residual mixing, after be put into ball mill carry out grinding treatment, handle time 40-80 minutes；
5) it is 800-1000 DEG C that the high temperature pyrolysis, which includes pyrolysis temperature, time 2-4h；
6) high temperature pyrolysis includes using tube furnace high temperature pyrolysis；
7) it is 5-10 centigrade per minute that the high temperature pyrolysis, which includes heating rate,；
8) described cleaned with acid includes using hydrochloric acid and/or sulfuric acid cleaned；
9) described cleaned with acid including pickling time is 6-12 hours；
10) described cleaned with acid includes the acid cleaning for being 2-4M with concentration；
11) drying includes vacuum drying；
12) described be made powdered includes: by the tea leaf residual m ut f pulv shape after thiocarbamide and drying；Specifically, institute
The mass ratio for stating thiocarbamide and tea leaf residual is 1:20；
13) tealeaves includes green tea；
14) material includes meso-hole structure；
15) material includes porous material；
16) material includes graphitized carbon and/or amorphous carbon；
17) material includes N and F；
18) material further includes S.
5. a kind of catalyst, which is characterized in that the catalyst includes: by any material of claim 1 and/or 2 or power
The material that benefit requires 3 and/or 4 any the methods to be directly prepared is dispersed in the mixed liquor of ethyl alcohol and naphthalene sweet smell, after ultrasound
To obtain the final product.
6. catalyst according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the catalyst further include it is following 1) and/or 2):
1) ultrasound includes ultrasound 60 minutes；
2) volume ratio of the ethyl alcohol and naphthalene sweet smell is 24:1.
7. a kind of preparation method of catalyst, which is characterized in that the described method includes: claim 1 and/or 2 is any described
The material that material or claim 3 and/or 4 any the methods are directly prepared is dispersed in the mixed liquor of ethyl alcohol and naphthalene sweet smell
In, after ultrasound to obtain the final product.
8. the preparation method of catalyst according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the preparation method further include it is following 1)
And/or 2):
1) ultrasound includes ultrasound 60 minutes；
2) volume ratio of the ethyl alcohol and naphthalene sweet smell is 24:1.
9. the material that claim 1 and/or 2 any materials, claim 3 and/or 4 any the methods are directly prepared
What material, claim 5 and/or 6 any catalyst or claim 7 and/or 8 any the methods were directly prepared
The application of catalyst.
Specifically, the application includes: the cathode material as fuel cell and/or dye-sensitized solar cells.
10. the preparation method or claim 7 and/or 8 any catalyst of claim 3 and/or 4 any materials
Preparation method application.
Specifically, the application includes, in preparing fuel cell, dye-sensitized solar cells, and/or its Related product
Using.
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| CN117317253A (en) * | 2023-09-22 | 2023-12-29 | 重庆万凯新材料科技有限公司 | Preparation method and application of efficient oxygen reduction catalyst based on biomass carbon-coated cobalt |
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| CN117317253B (en) * | 2023-09-22 | 2024-08-09 | 重庆万凯新材料科技有限公司 | Preparation method and application of efficient oxygen reduction catalyst based on biomass carbon-coated cobalt |
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