CN109287590B - Physical control method for efficiently trapping and killing small pests and application thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a physical control method for efficiently trapping and killing small pests and application thereof, belonging to the field of pest control. The invention provides a trap lamp for trapping and killing small pests with high efficiency, which can select corresponding color filter plates for carrying out high-efficiency and accurate trapping and killing control on different target pests; the technical device is provided with a telescopic supporting rod, is portable, and is simple and portable to install, recover and store; the technical device adopts the LED light source, so that the energy is saved; the technical device can be provided with a solar charging plate, so that the device is environment-friendly; the technical device is provided with a light-operated sensor and a humidity-controlled sensor, and the trapping and killing state can be automatically controlled according to the illumination intensity of day and night and the weather environment at night. The method is used for preventing and controlling small pests such as crop leafhoppers, can effectively reduce the dosage of chemical pesticides, can effectively reduce the killing effect of the traditional lamplight trapping and killing technology on natural enemy insects in farmlands, is beneficial to protecting the ecological environment and biodiversity of farmlands, and has good economic, social and ecological benefits.

Description

An efficient physical control method for trapping and killing small pests and its application

Technical field

The invention relates to a physical control method and application for efficiently trapping and killing small pests, and belongs to the field of pest control.

Background technique

During the cultivation process, tea trees are often attacked by many leaf-eating pests. The warm and humid climate in many tea areas in my country is also very conducive to the breeding and reproduction of various tea tree pests. It is reported that about 840 species of tea tree pests have been recorded in my country, and tea production is reduced by more than 15% every year due to pest damage. False-eyed green leafhopper Empoasca vitis The black thorn whitefly Aleurocanthus spiniferus (Quaintanca) and the tea aphid Toxoptera aurantii Boyer are the three most economically significant small sucking leaf-eating pests on tea trees. When they occur in large quantities, the growth of buds and leaves can be retarded, and scorched edges and leaves may form. Coal pollution seriously affects the yield and quality of tea.

At present, my country's control of tea tree green leafhoppers, black spiny whiteflies and tea aphids mainly relies on spraying chemical pesticides, especially bifenthrin, imidacloprid and buprofezinone are the most widely used pesticides. The "3R" problem caused by long-term reliance on chemical pesticides to control tea tree pests has become more and more serious. In many tea-producing areas, the resistance of the green leafhopper to bifenthrin, buprofenthrin and other pesticides is also becoming increasingly serious. In addition, the use of chemical pesticides will also kill a large number of natural enemies of pests and seriously damage the ecological environment of tea gardens. As people pay more and more attention to food safety issues, consumers have increasingly stringent requirements for tea quality and safety. It is of great significance to use green prevention and control methods to control tea tree pests.

Pest light wave trapping technology is an important green prevention and control measure. This technology is efficient, economical, green and environmentally friendly, and does not have problems such as pest resistance. It meets the objective requirements of sustainable plant protection strategies for comprehensive pest management. At present, the commonly used measures for light wave trapping and killing technology of pests mainly include light (black light, frequency vibration lamp, high-pressure mercury lamp, etc.) trapping and color board (yellow board, blue board) trapping. Light trapping is a physical prevention and control technology that exploits the tendency of pests to specific light waves and artificially designs light sources of different wavelengths for trapping and killing. However, currently used trapping lamps are generally expensive, consume a lot of power, are cumbersome to maintain, and are harmful to many small pests. Problems such as poor performance. Color plate trapping is a trapping and control technology designed based on the differences in the sensitivity of pests to color. It is often used in conjunction with viscose, but it can only be used during the day and has limited trapping effect, and there are still natural enemies to kill. The number of field arrangements There are many problems, especially with the mechanized harvesting in tea gardens.

The invention organically combines two trapping methods of light and color plate, and has the characteristics of efficient and accurate trapping, energy-saving and environmentally friendly device, and automatic and portable use. It is particularly suitable for preventing and controlling small piercing-sucking mouthparts eaters such as tea tree false-eyed green leafhoppers in many mountainous tea gardens in my country. Leaf pests, it also has good application value for small sucking mouthparts pests of other crops.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a physical control method for trapping and killing small pests efficiently, which can efficiently trap and kill small pests with sucking mouthparts and play a preventive and control role against such pests.

The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

The first object of the present invention is to provide an insect trap lamp that can efficiently trap and kill small pests. The insect trap lamp includes a box, a support rod, and a solar panel. The box includes a power supply, a light source, a card slot, and a filter. color plate; the box is connected to the support rod; the solar panel is fixed on the top of the box; the light source is fixed inside the box; the color of the color filter plate is selectable and is installed on the box on the body; the said card slot is on the box body.

In one embodiment, the insect trapping lamp further includes a power charging adapter, a power interface, a light sensor, a humidity sensor, a power switch, a humidity sensing control module, and a light sensing control module.

In one embodiment, the insect trapping lamp further includes a scraper, and the scraper may be a stainless steel scraper.

In one embodiment, the front and back of the box are transparent, and there are slots on the upper and lower sides of the front and back, and the slots can fix the color filter plate.

In one embodiment, the light source is an LED lamp, the power source is a lithium-ion rechargeable battery, the power interface is a lithium battery charging interface, and the card slot is a color filter plate card slot.

In one embodiment, the light source is an LED light strip.

In one embodiment, the color filter plate is fixed on the upper half of the front of the box through the color filter plate slot; the LED lamp tube is fixed on the central position inside the color filter plate; the power supply is fixed on The lower left side of the box is located below the color filter plate; the power switch, humidity sensing control module, and light sensing control module are installed on the side of the box; the power charging adapter communicates with the lithium battery through the lithium battery charging interface when in use. connect.

In one embodiment, the humidity sensor and light sensor are arranged below the color filter plate and connected to the lithium-ion rechargeable battery, LED lamp tube, light sensing control module, and humidity sensing control module.

In one embodiment, the color filter plate is a rectangular color filter plate; the rectangular color filter plate is a light-transmitting plexiglass plate; the plexiglass plate can select color filters of different colors according to the prevention and control objects. When the amount of insects adhering to the surface is too large, it can be recycled by scraping off the corpses of the pests and then re-scraping the sticky glue.

In one embodiment, the stainless steel knife can scrape off the corpses of pests on the color filter plate and apply shellac.

In one embodiment, the lithium-ion rechargeable battery serves as the power source of the device and can be reused.

In one embodiment, the color filter plate can emit specific light waves to facilitate efficient and precise trapping of different target pests.

In one embodiment, the light sensing control module and the humidity sensing control module can automatically control the working state of the device based on the environmental information collected by the light sensor and the humidity sensor. When the light sensor detects that it is daytime, the light sensor The control module turns off the insect trap lamp. When the humidity sensor detects that the humidity is greater than 95% or it is rainy, the humidity sensing control module turns off the insect trap lamp.

In one embodiment, the light sensing control module is Hongweiwei HW-282B, and the humidity sensing control module is Risym's HR202.

In one embodiment, the color filter plate is a rectangular light-transmitting plexiglass plate with specifications: 300mm long × 200mm wide × 2mm thick). When used, the color filter plate is inserted into the upper and lower slots on the outside of the transparent plexiglass protective plate. , easy to replace.

In one embodiment, six colors of the color filter can be selected: orange-red, orange-red, orange-yellow, golden yellow, earthy yellow, and yellow-green. Color filter plates of other colors can also be selected according to actual needs.

In one embodiment, the insect trap lamp needs to be used in conjunction with sticky glue.

In one embodiment, the light-transmitting organic glass plate is composed of polymethylmethacrylate.

In one embodiment, the outer surface of the color filter plate needs to be scraped and coated with shellac during use, and the shellac can be heated and melted in a 60-80°C water bath before use.

In one embodiment, the LED lamp tube serves as the initial light trapping source, and the LED lamp tube is located at the center of the interior of the double-sided rectangular color filter plate.

In one embodiment, the support rod is a telescopic fixed rod, which can adjust the height of the entire device according to the height of the crop; the outer sleeve of the telescopic fixed rod is equipped with a pressing pedal, and the bottom of the insertion rod is a wedge. Type structure, can be easily inserted into the soil.

In one embodiment, the LED lamp is powered by a rechargeable lithium-ion battery.

In one embodiment, a solar charging panel can optionally be installed on the top of the device, and the solar panel can adjust the steering in all directions.

In one embodiment, the bottom of the device is connected to a retractable insertion rod, and the bottom of the insertion rod is wedge-shaped to facilitate insertion of the fixing device into the soil.

In one embodiment, a charging interface is installed on the side of the device to facilitate indoor charging with 220V AC power when the lithium battery is insufficient.

The second object of the present invention is the application of the insect trapping lamp for efficiently trapping and killing small pests.

In one embodiment, the application is for controlling small piercing-sucking mouthpart pests in tea gardens.

In one embodiment, the sucking pests in the tea garden are pests with small green leafhoppers as the dominant species, and the filter plate used is an earthy yellow filter plate.

Beneficial effects of the present invention:

(1) The main part of the device of the present invention uses a light-transmitting organic glass plate as a filter plate. Different filter plates can produce different colors of trapped light waves. Filters can be selected according to the control objects, which facilitates efficient and precise trapping and control of key target pests.

(2) Further, when the trapping board of the device of the present invention is used for a period of time and a certain number of pest corpses are adhered to the surface, the pest corpses can be scraped off with a scraper and re-scraped with shellac before being recycled again, which is economical. Advantages of resources.

(3) The device of the present invention is light in overall weight and portable, and is very suitable for installation, recycling and storage in tea gardens in most mountainous areas in my country, and avoids problems such as easy aging of the equipment caused by long-term exposure of the insect trap lamp to wind and sun in the wild.

(4) Furthermore, the device of the present invention uses LED light sources and is equipped with light control and humidity control sensors, which can automatically control the trapping state according to day and night light intensity and nighttime weather conditions, and has the advantage of high efficiency and energy saving.

(5) The device of the present invention can be equipped with a small solar charging panel by the user according to the user's economic status. It is especially suitable for the special conditions of inconvenient electricity use in many mountainous tea gardens in my country, and has the advantage of being green and environmentally friendly.

(6) The device of the present invention is more efficient in trapping and killing when the color filter plate is khaki, and the field layout density is low. It can effectively replace and solve the harvesting operation problems caused by the excessive number of yellow board trapping arrangements in machine-harvested tea gardens.

Description of the drawings

Figure 1 is a front view of the portable energy-saving insect trap lamp;

Figure 2 is a left side view of the portable energy-saving insect trap lamp;

Figure 3 is a right side view of the portable energy-saving insect trap lamp;

Figure 4 shows the accessories of the portable energy-saving insect trap lamp;

Among them: 1-1 front color filter plate; 1-2 rear color filter plate; 2-1 card slot on the front color filter plate; 2-2 card slot under the front color filter plate; 2-3 card slot on the rear color filter plate ; 2-4 card slots under the rear color filter plate; 3 solar panels; 4 LED lamps; 5 light sensor control module; 6 humidity sensor control module; 7 lithium-ion rechargeable battery; 8 lithium battery charging interface; 9 power switch; 10 Retractable fixed pole; 11 pole pressing pedal; 12 light sensor; 13 humidity sensor; 14 cabinet; 15 power charging adapter; 16 stainless steel scraper.

Specific implementation plan

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Example 1: Portable energy-saving insect trap lamp

An insect trap lamp that can efficiently trap and kill small pests, as shown in Figure 1-4, includes a front color filter plate 1-1, a rear color filter plate 1-2, a slot 2-1 on the front color filter plate, and a front filter plate. 2-2 card slots under the color plate, 2-3 card slots on the rear color filter plate, 2-4 card slots under the rear color filter plate, 3 solar panels, 4 LED light tubes, 5 light sensor control modules, and humidity sensor control modules 6. Lithium-ion rechargeable battery 7, lithium battery charging interface 8, power switch 9, retractable fixed support pole 10, support pole pressing pedal 11, light sensor 12, humidity sensor 13, box 14, power charging adapter 15, Stainless steel scraper 16.

The box is connected to the support rod. The solar panel is fixed on the top of the box. The slot on the color filter plate is set on the upper part of the color filter plate. The lower slot of the color filter plate is set on the lower part of the color filter plate. The two color filter plates at the front and rear pass through the filter. The color plate and the lower card slot are respectively stuck in the front and back of the box. The LED lamp is fixed inside the box, and the two color filter plates are in the center. The humidity sensor and light sensor are set under the color filter plate, on the right side of the box. Below, it is connected to the lithium-ion rechargeable battery, LED lamp tube, light induction control module, and humidity induction control module; the power switch, humidity induction control module, lithium battery charging interface, and light induction control module are set on the side of the box; power supply charging The adapter can be connected to the insect trap lamp through the lithium battery charging interface, and the pole pressing pedal is set at the lower end of the retractable fixed pole.

When in use, the device can be inserted into the soil by pressing down the pedal through the pole. The height of the entire device can be adjusted according to the height of the crops by using the retractable fixed pole; the corresponding color filter plate can be replaced according to the target pest, using stainless steel Apply shellac on the color filter plate with a scraper. Turn on the power switch. The LED light will emit original light. The original light will emit specific light waves through the color filter plate to attract pests. The pests will be stuck on the outer surface of the color filter plate. Use a stainless steel scraper to remove the pests. The corpse is scraped off and coated with shellac again to achieve the purpose of recycling.

Example 2: Trapping effect of a portable energy-saving insect trap lamp on small green leafhoppers with false eyes

(1)Test method

The power of the LED lamp used in the test is 6W, and the color filter plates of six colors are orange-red, orange-red, orange-yellow, golden yellow, earthy yellow and yellow-green. The test insect source, the artificial-eyed green leafhopper, was caught from the tea garden net, and the healthy and lively adults caught on the same day were selected for testing. The test environment temperature is 25±1℃ and the relative air humidity is 75±5%.

The adult green leafhoppers with false eyes captured from the tea garden are first moved into a white nylon net (200 mesh) with a volume of 0.5m×0.5m×0.5m= ^0.125m3 . Before the insect test, they are placed in a dark place to adapt for 30 minutes, and then Light trapping tests were conducted using insect traps equipped with different color filter plates at 10m, 15m and 20m away from the center of the cage. There is no interference from other light sources within 30m of the cage. After 10 minutes, count the number of insects in the cage approaching the lamp surface. The number of test insects in each treatment was 100. They were observed once and then dark adapted for 30 minutes. The test insects in the cage were randomly mixed and then tested for phototaxis again. The number of test bugs captured shall not exceed 5 times. Each treatment was repeated 5 times. The trapping effect is comprehensively evaluated based on the phototaxis rate. The calculation formula of the phototaxis rate is:

Phototaxis rate (%) = (number of light-taxis insects ÷ 100) × 100

(2)Test results

It can be seen from the test results (see Table 1) that the insect trap lamp has the best trapping effect on the small green leafhopper when it uses an earthy color filter plate. The phototaxis when the trapping distance is 10m, 15m and 20m are respectively 50.4%, 44.6% and 36.4%, with an average phototaxis of 43.8%. In addition, the use of yellow-green and golden color filter plates also has a good trapping effect on small green leafhoppers with false eyes, and their average phototaxis rates are 41.4% and 39.8% respectively.

Table 1 Trapping effect of portable energy-saving insect traps on small green leafhoppers with false eyes

Example 3: Trapping effect of a portable energy-saving insect trap lamp on small green leafhoppers in tea gardens

(1)Test method

The experiment was conducted in the tea farm of Longquan Town, Dongzhi County, Anhui Province in late June 2018. The tea gardens at the trapping points were about 14 ± 1 days after machine harvesting. The tea gardens were contiguous and the management level was basically the same. During the test, there was no rain at night, the temperature was 28±2°C, and the relative air humidity was 80±5%. The test LED lamp power is 6W, and six color filter plates of orange-red, orange-red, orange-yellow, golden yellow, earthy yellow and yellow-green are used for trapping tests, and the yellow (golden yellow) armyworm plate is used as a control. The center position of the color filter plate of the insect trap lamp is about 0.3m higher than the top of the tea tree. The distance between adjacent insect traps is ≥30m. The trapping time for insect traps is from 20:00 to 22:00 every night, and they are placed at different trapping points for testing every night, and trapping is conducted for three consecutive nights. After trapping every night, count the number of small green leafhoppers trapped on each color filter plate. Three yellow armyworm boards were placed at a distance of 10m. The center of the yellow board was about 0.3m higher than the top of the tea tree. The trapping time was 3 days. The average number of traps per yellow board in 3 days was used for comparison.

(2)Test results

Table 2 Trapping effect of portable energy-saving insect trapping lamps on small green leafhoppers in tea gardens

The results of the tea garden trapping test showed that the trapping effect of this insect trap lamp on tea garden green leafhoppers was obvious (see Table 2), and the trapping numbers of each color filter sticky fly board were higher than that of the yellow sticky fly board. Use this insect trap to trap for 3 consecutive nights. The khaki color filter plate has the best trapping effect on small green leafhoppers, and the number of traps is 150. In addition, yellow-green, golden yellow and orange-red color filters also had better trapping effects on small green leafhoppers, with the numbers trapped being 134, 114 and 110 respectively.

Example 4: Trapping and control effect of a portable energy-saving insect trap lamp on small green leafhoppers in tea gardens

(1)Test method

The test LED lamp power is 6W, and three color filter plates of golden yellow, earthy yellow, and yellow-green are used for trapping prevention and control tests. The experiment was conducted at a tea farm in Longquan Town, Dongzhi County, Anhui Province. The tea gardens are contiguous and have basically the same management level. The trapping date was mid-July 2018. During the test, there was no rain at night, the temperature was 28±2°C, and the relative air humidity was 70±5%. The center position of the color filter plate of the insect trap lamp is about 0.3m higher than the top of the tea tree. The distance between adjacent insect traps is ≥20m. The control area was not treated with insect traps. The insect trap lights are turned on at night and the trapping time is from 20:00 to 22:00. Trapping is conducted for 3 consecutive nights. After trapping each night, the number of small green leafhoppers caught on the color filter plate is counted.

In the experiment, the insect population base of small green leafhoppers in each treatment area was investigated once before trapping on the first night. After the trapping started, the insect population number of small green leafhoppers in each treatment area was investigated once on the 3rd and 14th days respectively. The time of each investigation Both times are from 5:30 to 6:30 in the morning. The survey was centered on the insect trap, and was conducted at different distances in two directions before and after the insect trap. In each direction, the number of insect mouths at distances of 2m, 5m and 10m was investigated. A total of 6 points were surveyed at each distance. In the control area, 12 points were surveyed at equal intervals of 5m using the checkerboard sampling method. The number of nymphs and adults on 10 young shoots (1 bud, 2 to 3 leaves) was investigated at each point. The correction control effect is calculated based on the insect population reduction rate. The calculation formulas are:

Insect population reduction rate (%) = [(number of budworms before control - number of budworms after control) ÷ quantity of budworms before control] × 100

Corrected control effect (%) = [(Insect population reduction rate in treatment area - Insect population reduction rate in control area) ÷ (1 - Insect population reduction rate in control area)] × 100

(2)Test results

The test results show (see Table 3) that among the three color filters, the earthy yellow and yellow-green color filters have better trapping and control effects on small green leafhoppers in tea gardens. On the 3rd day of treatment with golden, khaki and yellow-green insect trap lamps, the insect population reduction rates of small green leafhoppers in the tea garden were 65.0%, 71.0% and 73.1% respectively, and the corrected control effects were 72.0%, 76.8% and 78.5% respectively; 14d The population reduction rates of tea green leafhoppers were 47.2%, 64.8% and 57.3% respectively, and the corrected control effects were 72.2%, 81.5% and 77.5% respectively.

Table 3 The trapping and control effects of portable energy-saving insect trapping lamps on small green leafhoppers in tea gardens

Comprehensive analysis of the test results in Tables 1 to 3 shows that this portable insect trap has a significant effect on the control of small green leafhoppers in tea gardens.

When using portable energy-saving insect traps to prevent and control major small sucking pests in tea gardens, the following requirements can be implemented:

1. When small green leafhoppers are the dominant species of sucking pests in tea gardens, it is recommended to use khaki color filters for trapping.

2. Prevention and control of small green leafhoppers in tea gardens. Start trapping and controlling small green leafhoppers when the adult insects are in their prime. The battery should be fully charged for each trapping and control. Each control period should be no less than 3 days, and the trapping time should be no less than 2 hours every night. The control time should be appropriately extended 1 to 2 weeks before the tea picking period.

3. The control area of each insect trap lamp is about 1 mu. When the amount of insects adhering to the color filter of the insect trap lamp is too large, the insect corpses must be scraped off in time and an appropriate amount of shellac must be re-scraped.

4. After each trapping, the insect trap lamp must be brought back indoors for storage.

Although the present invention has been disclosed above in terms of preferred embodiments, they are not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone familiar with this technology can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, The protection scope of the present invention should be defined by the claims.

Claims (4)

1. The trap lamp is characterized by comprising a box body, a supporting rod and a solar panel, wherein the box body comprises a power supply, a light source, a clamping groove and a color filter plate; the box body is connected with the top end of the supporting rod; the solar panel is arranged at the top of the box body; the light source is arranged in the box body; the color filter plate is detachable and is arranged on the box body through the clamping groove; the clamping groove is formed in the box body; the clamping groove is a color filter plate clamping groove, and the color filter plate is fixed on the upper half parts of the front and rear surfaces of the box body through the color filter plate clamping groove; the trap lamp also comprises a light sensor and a humidity sensor; the color filter plate is a light-transmitting organic glass plate; the organic glass plate can be coated with a layer of insect sticking glue on the outer surface; the trap lamp also comprises a scraper; the light source is an LED lamp tube and is arranged in the central position inside the color filter plate; the LED lamp tube is used as an initial light source, the initial light source can emit specific light waves through the color filter plate, and efficient and accurate trapping and killing can be performed on different target pests;

the trap lamp also comprises a power supply charging adapter and a power supply interface; the power supply charging adapter is connected with the energy-saving trap lamp through a power supply interface; the solar panel arranged at the top of the trap lamp can adjust steering in all directions;

the trap lamp also comprises a humidity sensing control module and a light sensing control module;

the box body is a closed box body, transparent organic glass protection plates are arranged on the front and rear body walls, and clamping grooves are formed in the upper edges and the lower edges of the front and rear sides of the upper half part of the box body;

the power supply, the power switch, the power interface, the humidity sensing control module, the light sensor and the humidity sensor are all positioned on the lower side of the box body, and the color filter plate is arranged below.

2. The trap lamp according to claim 1, wherein the support bar is a telescopic fixing bar, and the height of the whole device can be adjusted according to the height of crops; the telescopic fixed support rod outer sleeve is provided with a pressing pedal, and the bottom of the inserting rod is of a wedge-shaped structure, so that the telescopic fixed support rod can be conveniently inserted into the soil.

3. A physical control method for trapping and killing small pests with high efficiency, which is characterized in that the method uses the trap lamp as claimed in any one of claims 1-2.

4. A method according to claim 3, wherein the pest is a small piercing-sucking pest in a tea garden with a dominant species of leafhoppers, and the filter used is a yellow-earth filter.