CN109270597B - Mining security node for strong convection weather early warning - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a mining security node for severe convective weather early warning, which includes: an air pressure sensor for monitoring air pressure data at the node; a lightning sensor for monitoring the number of lightning strikes and distance data from the lightning storm front; A PSoC module that acquires data from air pressure sensors and lightning sensors at a certain monitoring cycle, processes and analyzes the data, and then determines whether strong convective weather is coming, and sends out alarm information when strong convective weather is coming; air pressure sensor , lightning sensors are all connected to the PSoC module. The host computer is connected to the PSoC module through the LoRa wireless communication module, the mobile smart device is connected to the PSoC module through the Bluetooth communication module, and the mining equipment is connected to the PSoC module through the optical fiber communication module. The invention has high integration, small dimensions, low cost and reliable performance, and provides effective support for building a strong convective weather warning system in the mining field.

Description

A mining security node for severe convective weather warning

Technical field

The invention relates to a mining security node, and in particular to a mining security node that can monitor and provide early warning for strong convective weather.

Background technique

Severe convective weather refers to short-term heavy precipitation, convective strong winds, etc. that occur within the scope of medium- and small-scale weather systems and are accompanied by thunderstorms. Its duration is short but sudden, and it is a very destructive meteorological disaster. Meteorological disasters such as heavy rainfall, lightning, and strong winds in strong convective weather will have a greater adverse impact on mining operations. Surface runoff and infiltration caused by strong convective weather may lead to landslides, water seepage, and flooding accidents, causing significant losses to people and property. Safety supervision departments in many provinces and cities in my country have successively required the implementation of regulations on production suspension and evacuation during heavy rainfall. During thunderstorms, strong electron exchanges can occur between the cloud and the ground through lightning strikes, etc., and may penetrate into the ground or reach deep into the tunnel through track pipelines, etc., which can damage mechanical, electrical and communication equipment in mild cases, or cause fires and gas explosions in severe cases. Strong winds will also cause certain damage to ventilation systems, derricks and other equipment.

At this stage, early warnings for severe convective weather mainly rely on data obtained from satellites, S-band and C-band Doppler weather radars, and ground observation stations. However, the prediction theory of severe convective weather is not yet fully perfected. The scale range, observation cost and meteorological service model of satellite and meteorological radar data have yet to be optimized. The occurrence of severe convective weather has a certain degree of suddenness and randomness. These reasons cause severe convective weather to occur. There are deficiencies in small-scale rapid weather warning. In addition, my country's mining and petroleum companies are expanding their business scope around the world, and the countries and regions where their mining and drilling areas are located often do not have complete weather warning services. It is also difficult to obtain effective early warning on small and medium scales for offshore drilling platforms and other places. With the rapid development of overseas mining areas and oil fields of companies such as CNOOC, the need for early warning of medium- and small-scale severe convective weather has become more urgent.

With the help of Internet of Things technology, weather warning services with rich functions can be quickly and effectively provided. In addition, it is also expected to have the characteristics of low cost, high monitoring density, and easy integration and linkage with existing equipment. It is especially suitable for small and medium-sized enterprises such as mines and offshore drilling platforms. Scale meteorological warning is used as an important auxiliary warning measure in occasions with special needs. With the development of electronic technology, it is expected to accurately monitor the drastic changes in air pressure and lightning associated with strong convective weather through miniature, low-cost, low-power air pressure sensors and lightning sensors; and Programmable System-On-Chip (PSoC) ) highly integrates configurable analog and digital device functions, memory and microcontrollers on a single chip. By using PSoC-based IP core (Intellectual Property Core) development technology, customized functions can be implemented on a "silicon chip" Digital-analog hybrid embedded systems. The LoRa low-power network technology for the next generation of Internet of Things facilitates the large-scale interactive communication of monitoring data and alarm information. The strong working capabilities and human-computer interaction characteristics of mobile smart devices can help achieve individual early warning communication when strong convective disasters arrive. With the reliable communication capabilities of optical fiber, reliable data transmission can be carried out in environments with strong electromagnetic interference.

Based on the above technology, the present invention designs and implements a strong convective weather mining security early warning node with simple structure and strong functional adaptability. This node is expected to provide mining and other fields with small scale, strong real-time performance and high network linkage capability. Technical means for severe convective weather early warning.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by this invention is: how to implement mining security nodes that are easy to deploy and have strong wireless communication capabilities based on Internet of Things technology to provide early warning for strong convective weather that occurs in a smaller scale and is highly destructive. .

In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is to provide a mining security node for severe convective weather warning, which is characterized by including:

Barometric pressure sensors for monitoring barometric pressure data at nodes;

Lightning sensors used to monitor the number of lightning strikes and distance data from the front of lightning storms;

It is used to obtain data from air pressure sensors and lightning sensors according to a preset monitoring cycle, process and analyze the data, and then determine whether strong convective weather is coming, and issue warning information when strong convective weather is coming. PSoC module;

The air pressure sensor and lightning sensor are connected to the PSoC module. The host computer is connected to the PSoC module through the LoRa wireless communication module, the mobile smart device is connected to the PSoC module through the Bluetooth communication module, and the mining equipment is connected to the PSoC module through the optical fiber communication module.

Preferably, it also includes a system power supply module, which is connected to the air pressure sensor, lightning sensor, PSoC module, LoRa wireless communication module, Bluetooth communication module and optical fiber communication module.

Preferably, the PSoC module is the core management and scheduling part of the node. The PSoC module obtains data from the air pressure sensor and lightning sensor through a digital interface according to a preset monitoring cycle, and sends the obtained data to the host computer through the LoRa wireless communication module. , and caches the data in its own internal FIFO structure; the PSoC module processes and analyzes the data to determine whether strong convective weather is coming.

Preferably, the PSoC module determines whether strong convective weather will occur based on air pressure data and lightning data. The specific method is as follows:

Before the occurrence of severe convective weather, the ground observation values of air pressure will change correspondingly. Changes that exceed the daily air pressure changes by more than one standard deviation are characterized by the pressure anomaly index PCR;

The PCR at time T is calculated based on the negative 3-hour pressure change obtained by air pressure observation on the ground:

In formula (1), PCR(T) is the PCR value at time T, ΔP ₃ (T) is the negative 3-hour voltage transformation value at time T, is the average daily negative 3-hour pressure change; N is the number of daily negative 3-hour pressure change observations obtained through observation means;

PCR(T) is a dimensionless value. If strong convection occurs, its value is negative; the absolute value of PCR(T) reflects the severity of air pressure changes; the lower the PCR value, the more severe the strong convection weather; at the node In the design, the severe convection warning levels are divided into the following levels based on PCR values:

Table 1 Relationship between PCR and alarm level

Severe convective weather is often accompanied by strong thunder and lightning activity. Therefore, on the basis of negative 3-hour barometric pressure change monitoring, monitoring of lightning activity within clouds and between clouds and ground is introduced as an auxiliary reference for severe convective weather warning; Lightning 8 is used Sub-threshold method, considering that the safety monitoring range responsible for each early warning node is usually within several square kilometers, so the early warning signal output as a binary logical quantity is given according to the following formula:

In formula (2), LR(T) is the lightning warning triggering logic value at time T, which triggers the alarm when it is True; TH8 is the judgment result of 8 lightning thresholds; M is the lightning distance average factor, and its value is ≥1 Integer; D _j is the lightning storm front distance detected by the lightning sensor, and K is the lightning distance determination threshold.

More preferably, the air pressure data caches the data of the last 4 hours, and the lightning data is selected according to the lightning distance average factor M, but the lightning data must be greater than 8 in order to achieve 8 lightning threshold decisions.

More preferably, the alarm caused by the change in air pressure is the main alarm, the alarm caused by the change in lightning is the auxiliary alarm, and both are alarm information.

Preferably, when strong convective weather is coming, the PSoC module sends alarm information to the host computer through the LoRa wireless communication module, sends alarm information to the connected mobile smart device through the Bluetooth communication module, and sends alarm information to the near-end and remote terminals through the optical fiber communication module. Surrounding mining equipment issues alarm messages.

More preferably, if the monitored parameters do not trigger a severe convective weather warning at a certain moment, the PSoC module will call back the time when the warning was last triggered. If the interval is less than a buffer period, the PSoC module will still send out warning information.

Preferably, the PSoC module also monitors the power supply of the node. If an abnormal voltage is encountered, the PSoC module also sends a power supply alarm message to the host computer through the LoRa wireless communication module.

Preferably, the mobile smart device obtains the connection information of the Bluetooth wireless communication module by scanning the NFC tag arranged on the surface of the node, and refers to the connection information to connect with the node.

Preferably, the PSoC module is connected to the optical fiber communication module through a digital interface with electromagnetic isolation capability.

Preferably, the Bluetooth wireless communication module uses a discrete module combined with a 2.4GHz fiberglass omnidirectional antenna, or uses a Bluetooth module integrated inside the PSoC module to cooperate with the antenna on the PCB.

More preferably, the antenna on the PCB is a MIFA antenna or a surface mount ceramic antenna.

More preferably, the system power supply module includes a 220V mains power supply, the 220V mains power supply is connected to the AC-DC module, and the AC-DC module is connected to the voltage stabilizing module.

More preferably, the system power supply module includes a solar panel, the solar panel is connected to a solar controller, and the solar controller is connected to the voltage stabilizing module.

Preferably, the air pressure sensor is an air pressure sensor with an I2C or UART digital data interface and a built-in compensation circuit and data format conversion circuit.

Preferably, the lightning sensor is a lightning sensor with an I2C or UART digital data interface.

Compared with the existing technology, the mining security node provided by the present invention for severe convective weather warning has the following beneficial effects:

1. High node integration, small size, low cost and reliable performance;

2. The node can predict severe convective weather and issue early warnings based on air pressure changes and lightning occurrences, providing reliable safety prevention and protection measures for severe convective weather, thereby reducing the risk of mining safety accidents when severe convective weather occurs;

3. The node adopts a strong convective weather monitoring and early warning algorithm that is simple to implement and takes up less resources, providing a basis for realizing simple and reliable monitoring and early warning on a low-cost embedded platform;

4. Nodes can achieve low-cost, high-granularity layout within a large range, effectively improving coverage and increasing the accuracy of overall monitoring and early warning, which is of great benefit to small and medium-scale severe convective weather monitoring and early warning;

5. The node uses LoRa technology and Bluetooth technology to build an effective data channel between the node and the host computer and mobile smart devices. It can provide monitoring data and data to the host computer and connected mobile smart devices through LoRa low-power wide area network and Bluetooth respectively. Early warning and warning have formed a hierarchical monitoring and early warning distribution method from the regional macro to individual practitioners;

6. The node also has the ability to interact with mobile smart devices and effectively control near-end and peripheral mining equipment. It has a digital interface and optical fiber information channel with high resistance to electromagnetic interference, which is used to transmit early warning information to near-end and peripheral equipment to achieve The highly reliable and real-time equipment warning distribution channel helps to provide effective support for the construction of a severe convective weather warning system in the mining field.

Description of the drawings

Figure 1 is a functional diagram of the mining security node used for severe convective weather warning;

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the basic structure of a mining security node used for severe convective weather warning;

Figure 3 is a workflow diagram of mining security nodes used for severe convective weather warning;

Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a mining security node for severe convective weather warning provided in Embodiment 1;

Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a mining security node for severe convective weather warning provided in Embodiment 2.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

Strong convective weather often brings greater harm to mining production and the personal safety of mining workers. In order to achieve effective prevention of severe convective weather, the present invention intends to provide reliable strong convective weather warning through "mining security nodes for severe convective weather early warning" with high early warning accuracy, low cost, convenient layout, and strong information interaction capabilities. Convection weather safety prevention and protection measures are taken to reduce the risk of mining safety accidents when strong convective weather occurs.

As shown in Figure 1, the present invention is based on Internet of Things technology to realize mining security nodes that are easy to deploy and have strong wireless communication capabilities, and provide early warning for severe convective weather that occurs in a smaller scale and are highly destructive, and Monitoring data and early warnings can be provided to the host computer and connected mobile smart devices through LoRa low-power wide area network and Bluetooth respectively. In addition, the node also supports providing alarm information to its near-end and surrounding mining equipment through digital interfaces and optical fibers.

1. Determination algorithm for early warning of severe convective weather

In order to more accurately determine in advance whether strong convective weather will occur, the strong convective weather occurrence early warning decision algorithm used in the present invention determines the occurrence of strong convection based on air pressure change parameters and lightning change parameters. Before severe convective weather occurs, ground-based observations of air pressure often change accordingly. For example, before the strong convective weather that occurred in Jianli, Hubei in 2015 and caused the Oriental Star sinking accident, a strong PCR (Pressure Change Range) appeared 3-4 hours in advance in the Jianli area, exceeding the daily air pressure. change by more than one standard deviation). Before the strong convective tornado that occurred in Yancheng, Jiangsu Province in late June 2016, there were also relatively dramatic PCR changes.

The PCR at time T can be calculated based on the negative 3-hour pressure change obtained by air pressure observation on the ground:

In formula (1), PCR(T) is the PCR value at time T, and the numerator is the negative 3-hour pressure change value ΔP ₃ (T) at time T and the daily average negative 3-hour pressure change Difference. The denominator is the standard deviation of the negative 3-hour series, and N is the number of daily negative 3-hour variable pressure observations obtained through observation methods. PCR(T) is a dimensionless value. If strong convection occurs, its value will be negative. The absolute value of PCR(T) reflects the severity of the change in air pressure. The lower the PCR value, the more severe the severe convective weather. In the node design, the severe convection warning levels are divided into the following levels based on PCR values:

Table 1 Relationship between PCR and alarm level

When severe convective weather occurs, it is often accompanied by strong thunder and lightning activity. Therefore, on the basis of negative 3-hour pressure change monitoring, monitoring of lightning activity within clouds and between clouds and ground can be introduced as an auxiliary reference for severe convective weather warning. With the help of a simple 8-thunder lightning threshold method, the prediction accuracy within 100 kilometers is greater than 80%, while the false alarm rate is less than 35%. In addition, considering that the safety monitoring range that each early warning node is responsible for is usually within several square kilometers, an early warning signal output as a binary logic quantity can be given according to the following formula:

In formula (2), LR(T) is the lightning warning triggering logic value at time T. When it is True, the alarm is triggered. TH8 is the judgment result of 8 lightning thresholds; M is the lightning distance average factor, and its value can be an integer ≥ 1; D _j is the lightning storm front distance detected by the lightning sensor, and K is the lightning distance judgment threshold. In formula (2), the first term on the right side corresponds to the judgment value of whether strong lightning activity occurs, and the second term corresponds to the judgment value of the proximity of lightning activity to the node warning area. When the above two conditions are met at the same time, a strong convection auxiliary alarm based on lightning activity is issued.

2. Strong convective weather warning mining security node structure:

Combined with Figure 2, the severe convective weather warning mining security node in the present invention consists of PSoC and peripheral circuit modules, air pressure sensors, lightning sensors, LoRa wireless communication modules, Bluetooth communication modules and NFC tags, optical fiber communication modules, and system power supply modules.

PSoC is the core management and scheduling part of the node. PSoC obtains data from air pressure sensors and lightning sensors through a digital interface according to a preset monitoring cycle. It sends the obtained data to the host computer through the LoRa wireless communication module and caches the data in its internal FIFO structure (caching of air pressure data is recommended For the last 4 hours of data, lightning data is selected according to the M number in the algorithm, but it must be greater than 8 to achieve 8 lightning threshold decisions. It is recommended to cache the time and distance of the last 64 lightning occurrences).

Combined with Figure 3, when PSoC brings the newly obtained data into the aforementioned algorithm calculation and finds that strong convective weather is coming, PSoC sends a message to the host computer and connected mobile smart devices through the LoRa wireless communication module and Bluetooth communication module. Alarm information (alarms caused by air pressure changes are the main alarm, alarms caused by lightning changes are auxiliary alarms, both are alarm information), and are sent to the near-end and remote terminals respectively through digital interfaces and optical fiber modules with strong electromagnetic isolation capabilities. Surrounding mining equipment issues alarm instructions. If the monitored parameters do not trigger a severe convective weather warning at this time, PSoC will call back the time when the warning was last triggered. If the interval is less than one buffer period (usually several monitoring cycles), PSoC will still issue an early warning message. PSoC is responsible for controlling and scheduling LoRa, digital interface, Bluetooth and optical fiber communication modules. PSoC also monitors the power supply of nodes. If it encounters abnormal conditions such as low voltage, PSoC also sends power supply alarm information to the host computer through LoRa wireless communication.

Since some mining equipment will produce a certain degree of electromagnetic interference during operation, certain considerations of electromagnetic isolation need to be included in the design and implementation of node interfaces. The digital interface with strong electromagnetic isolation capability used in the PSoC peripheral circuit to connect to the near-end device can be realized by using an isolated digital interface module with a compact structure and good isolation effect.

The air pressure sensor is used to monitor the air pressure data around the node. It is recommended that the air pressure sensor choose a model with simple digital data interfaces such as I2C and UART, a large working range, and a built-in compensation circuit and data format conversion circuit. The data obtained are used to implement PCR calculations for severe convective weather based on negative 3-hour pressure changes. Air pressure sensors also need to have small size, low power consumption and low cost.

The lightning sensor is used to monitor the number of lightning strikes and lightning storm front distance data. The lightning storm front distance data can be a step value or a real value. It should also support simpler digital interfaces such as I2C and UART to facilitate connection with PSoC. The data acquired by the lightning sensor are used to perform the calculations required by equation (2). Lightning sensors should also meet the requirements of low power consumption, small size, and low cost.

The LoRa wireless communication module is used to realize wireless transmission between the node and the host computer. The LoRa wireless communication method can effectively cover dozens of square kilometers, which can basically meet the monitoring coverage needs of most mining areas. The ID of the LoRa wireless communication module in the LoRa network is set to be the same as the node ID. The LoRa gateway is connected to the host computer. In daily work, the node sends monitoring data with its own ID information to the host computer through the LoRa channel. If the monitoring parameters trigger a severe convective weather warning, the node will also send alarm information to the host computer through the LoRa channel. The LoRa wireless communication module should choose a model that supports transparent transmission and can flexibly adjust the spreading factor according to channel conditions.

Bluetooth wireless communication module is used to connect nodes and mobile smart devices. The mobile smart device obtains the Bluetooth connection information by scanning the NFC tag arranged on the surface of the node, and refers to this information to connect with the node. During the period when the mobile smart device and the node are effectively connected via Bluetooth, if the monitoring parameters trigger a strong convective weather warning for the node, the node will send an alarm message to the mobile smart device via Bluetooth. The Bluetooth wireless communication module can choose a discrete module combined with a 2.4GHz fiberglass omnidirectional antenna, or the Bluetooth module integrated inside the PSoC can be used with a MIFA antenna on the PCB or a surface-mounted ceramic antenna. The former is suitable for achieving Bluetooth coverage over a larger range, while the latter is conducive to achieving higher integration and saving costs.

Since the mining equipment around the node may be hundreds of meters away from the node, if ordinary cables are used to connect, it is difficult to avoid the impact of mining electromechanical equipment and lightning weather on signal transmission. Cables that are resistant to strong electromagnetic interference require higher costs. Therefore, optical fiber is used in the design to connect nodes and peripheral devices. The node converts the alarm signal into an optical signal and sends it to peripheral devices through low-cost optical fiber that is not susceptible to electromagnetic interference. The peripheral equipment obtains alarm information from the independent port or bus of the optical transmission module connected to it. In the design, you can choose an optical fiber communication module that supports a large transmission distance and has a simple interface with embedded devices (in some cases, you also need to take into account the requirements of supporting a simple structure digital bus and having strong electromagnetic isolation capabilities), and choose according to the specific occasion. Conventional 1550nm communication optical fiber or plastic optical fiber constructs an optical communication data transmission channel.

The system power supply module provides stable and reliable DC power supply to the nodes. The design can be powered by 220V mains power or solar power according to specific circumstances. The former is suitable for situations where there is a stable 220V power supply, and a stable DC power supply is obtained through the AC-DC module. It should be noted that since there is often a certain degree of interference in the mining environment, AC-DC modules with certain battery isolation characteristics should also be used. The latter combines solar cells, solar controllers and lead-acid batteries to provide energy for nodes deployed where commercial power supply cannot be achieved. In order to obtain a more stable DC power supply, a linear voltage regulator device can be used after the AC-DC module and the output of the solar controller to obtain a purer and more stable power supply.

The following uses two specific embodiments to illustrate the specific module configuration of the present invention.

Example 1

This embodiment is oriented to conventional application scenarios and provides a mining security node for severe convective weather warning, as shown in Figure 4. During the implementation, the PSoC chip selected the CY8C3866AXI-040 PSoC3 programmable system-on-chip chip produced by Cypress and packaged in TQFP-100. It integrates an 8051 solid core with a working speed of up to 67MHz and has 24 universal digital modules (UDB). Using the above resources, the calculation and storage operations required by the severe convective weather warning algorithm can be effectively performed. In the implementation, its operating frequency reference frequency is an external active clock crystal oscillator of 24MHz. The various digital interfaces it supports are also helpful for connecting digital sensors and communication modules. In addition, its internal operational amplifier module is used to construct an input follower to monitor the resistor divided value of the power supply voltage input with analog quantities to detect abnormal conditions such as low voltage.

There are also 2 RS232-UART interfaces reserved in the node for connecting to near-end devices. An RSM232D isolation interface module produced by Guangzhou Zhiyuan is used in the interface to realize protocol conversion while providing electromagnetic isolation of up to 2500VDC. RSM232D is connected to the UART interface corresponding to PSoC3.

The node wireless communication uses the AS32-DTU-1W LoRa low-power wide area network communication DTU produced by Chengdu Zeyao. This DTU is based on Semtech's SX1278 chip design. It can achieve an ultra-high sensitivity of -140dBm. The maximum communication distance of AS32-DTU-1W at maximum transmission power can reach 8km. The UART digital interface of AS32-DTU-1W and PSoC3 is connected through the RSM232D interface module.

The Bluetooth module is the RN4020 Bluetooth module produced by Microchip and supports the Bluetooth 4.1 standard, and the NFC tag is the NTAG216 tag. PSoC3 controls and manages the RN4020 through ASCII commands through the UART interface. During use, the information required for Bluetooth connection with the node is written into the NFC tag. The mobile smart device obtains the Bluetooth information through scanning and connects to the node. If an alarm is triggered, the node sends data to the mobile smart device according to the predetermined alarm format through RN4020.

Optical communication module chooses Yutai UT-277SM serial port to fiber optic transceiver. The optical fiber uses two 1550nm single-mode quartz communication fibers with ST connectors as uplink and downlink optical fibers respectively. Using UT-277SM, the distance between peripheral equipment and nodes can be up to 20km. In the implementation, an asynchronous point-to-point transmission mode is adopted, and a UT-277SM is installed at the peripheral equipment and the node to form a corresponding optical fiber path. The UART digital interface of UT-277SM and PSoC3 is connected through the RSM232D interface module.

The air pressure sensor of the early warning node selects the MPL3115A2 air pressure sensor. MPL3115A2 can measure ambient atmospheric pressure in the range of 20kPa to 110kPa. It integrates a full compensation circuit and a data format conversion circuit inside, which can effectively suppress the impact of changes in external environmental factors such as temperature on its air pressure measurement accuracy. In addition, the wide temperature operating range and streamlined packaging of the MPL3115A2 air pressure sensor are also conducive to the application of outdoor wireless early warning nodes. Through the air pressure data obtained by MPL3115A2 and combined with formula (1), the early warning value based on the air pressure change can be obtained. MPL3115A2 and PSoC3 are connected through the I2C bus.

Lightning sensors need to monitor the number of lightning strikes and lightning storm front distance data to support the calculation of early warning trigger values based on formula (2). The AS3935 lightning sensor was selected in the design. It can simultaneously detect lightning activities occurring between clouds and clouds and ground, and can estimate the lightning storm front within 40km in steps of 1km. In particular, AS3935 can also identify and suppress interference signals generated by motors through internal algorithms. This feature is very suitable for mining production environments. AS3935 also communicates data with PSoC through I2C.

During the implementation, the WAN20S12 isolated power module produced by Weish Company and with an isolation voltage up to 3000VAC is used to convert the 220V mains power into a 12VDC power supply. The 12V power supply supplies power to AS32-DTU-1W and UT-277SM respectively, and is converted into a 3.3VDC stable output by the WD5-12S5 DC-DC power module and LM1117-3.3V linear regulator produced by Weish Company, which is used for PSoC3 and Power supply for peripheral circuits, sensors, Bluetooth modules, etc. The 12V voltage enters PSoC3 through a 1:4 resistor divider and a voltage follower.

Example 2

This embodiment is aimed at miniaturized and low-cost applications. In the design, PSoC selects the CY8C4248LQI-BL583 PSoC4 chip produced by Cypress Company and packaged in QFN. CY8C4248LQI-BL583 internally integrates an MCU based on the ARM Cortex-M0 structure, supporting Bluetooth BLE 4.2 communication modules, operational amplifiers, digital communication protocols (I2C, UART, SPI), general digital modules and other functions required for node design. The working clock in the implementation uses a 24MHz passive surface-mount crystal oscillator. The way of constructing a follower for monitoring the supply voltage via an operational amplifier is the same as in the previous embodiment.

PSoC4 in the node uses the UART interface to connect to the MAX3232 to build two RS232 serial data channels for connecting to external near-end devices.

The node wireless communication uses the AS62-T30 LoRa low-power wide area network communication module produced by Chengdu Zeyao. This module is based on Semtech's SX1278 chip design. AS62-T30 and PSoC4 are connected through the UART digital interface.

The node optical communication module uses HFBR-15X7Z LED produced by AVAGO and suitable for 1mm plastic optical fiber. PSoC4 directly uses the change of pin logic level to send alarm information in a predetermined format through the 74ACTQ00 logic gate circuit without the need for complex protocol conversion.

Since CY8C4248LQI-BL583 contains a Bluetooth module internally, its internal Bluetooth module can be directly used to build a Bluetooth data communication channel during implementation. In the implementation, PCB wiring is used to form a MIFA antenna for sending and receiving Bluetooth signals.

The implementation of the node air pressure sensor, lightning sensor, and NFC tag is the same as in Embodiment 1.

In this embodiment, the nodes are powered by solar energy. The 40W monocrystalline silicon solar panel stores solar radiation energy in lead-acid batteries through the solar controller and outputs 12VDC voltage. The WD5-12S5 DC-DC power module and LM1117-3.3V linear regulator produced by Weish Company are converted into a stable 3.3VDC output, which supplies power to PSoC and peripheral circuits, sensors, Bluetooth modules, LoRa communication modules, etc. The 12V voltage enters PSoC4 through a 1:4 resistor divider through a voltage follower for monitoring the supply voltage.

The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the present invention in any form or substance. It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the methods of the present invention, they will also Several improvements and additions can be made, and these improvements and additions should also be considered as the protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art who are familiar with the art can make slight changes, modifications and equivalent changes based on the technical content disclosed above without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Equivalent embodiments; at the same time, any equivalent changes, modifications and evolutions made to the above embodiments based on the essential technology of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A mining security node for severe convective weather warning, which is characterized by including: Barometric pressure sensors for monitoring barometric pressure data at nodes; Lightning sensors used to monitor the number of lightning strikes and distance data from the front of lightning storms; It is used to obtain data from air pressure sensors and lightning sensors according to a preset monitoring cycle, process and analyze the data, and then determine whether strong convective weather is coming, and issue warning information when strong convective weather is coming. PSoC module; The air pressure sensor and lightning sensor are connected to the PSoC module. The host computer is connected to the PSoC module through the LoRa wireless communication module, the mobile smart device is connected to the PSoC module through the Bluetooth communication module, and the mining equipment is connected to the PSoC module through the optical fiber communication module; It also includes a system power supply module, which is connected to the air pressure sensor, lightning sensor, PSoC module, LoRa wireless communication module, Bluetooth communication module and optical fiber communication module; The PSoC module is the core management and scheduling part of the node. The PSoC module obtains the data of the air pressure sensor and lightning sensor through the digital interface according to the preset monitoring cycle, and sends the obtained data to the host computer through the LoRa wireless communication module, and then The data is cached in its own internal FIFO structure; the PSoC module processes and analyzes the data to determine whether strong convective weather is coming; The PSoC module determines whether strong convective weather will occur based on air pressure data and lightning data. The specific method is as follows: Before the occurrence of severe convective weather, the ground observation values of air pressure will change correspondingly. Changes that exceed the daily air pressure changes by more than one standard deviation are characterized by the pressure anomaly index PCR; The PCR at time T is calculated based on the negative 3-hour pressure change obtained by air pressure observation on the ground: In formula (1), PCR(T) is the PCR value at time T, ΔP ₃ (T) is the negative 3-hour voltage transformation value at time T, is the average daily negative 3-hour pressure change; N is the number of daily negative 3-hour pressure change observations obtained through observation means; PCR(T) is a dimensionless value. If strong convection occurs, its value is negative; the absolute value of PCR(T) reflects the severity of air pressure changes; the lower the PCR value, the more severe the strong convection weather; at the node In the design, the severe convection warning levels are divided into the following levels based on PCR values: Table 1 Relationship between PCR and alarm level Severe convective weather is often accompanied by strong thunder and lightning activity. Therefore, on the basis of negative 3-hour barometric pressure change monitoring, monitoring of lightning activity within clouds and between clouds and ground is introduced as an auxiliary reference for severe convective weather warning; Lightning 8 is used Sub-threshold method, considering that the safety monitoring range responsible for each early warning node is usually within several square kilometers, so the early warning signal output as a binary logical quantity is given according to the following formula: In formula (2), LR(T) is the lightning warning triggering logic value at time T, which triggers the alarm when it is True; TH8 is the judgment result of 8 lightning thresholds; M is the lightning distance average factor, and its value is ≥1 Integer; D _j is the lightning storm front distance detected by the lightning sensor, and K is the lightning distance determination threshold. 2. A mining security node for severe convective weather warning as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the air pressure data caches data for the last 4 hours, and the lightning data is selected according to the lightning distance average factor M, but the The above lightning data must be greater than 8 in order to achieve the 8 lightning threshold judgment. 3. A mining security node for severe convective weather warning as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the alarm caused by air pressure changes is the main alarm, and the alarm caused by lightning changes is the auxiliary alarm, both of which are Alarm information. 4. A mining security node for severe convective weather warning as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: when severe convective weather is coming, the PSoC module sends an alarm message to the upper computer through the LoRa wireless communication module. The Bluetooth communication module sends alarm information to the connected mobile smart device, and sends alarm information to the near-end and surrounding mining equipment through the optical fiber communication module; If the monitored parameters do not trigger a severe convective weather warning at a certain moment, the PSoC module will call back the time when the warning was last triggered. If the interval is less than a buffer period, the PSoC module will still send out warning information. 5. A mining security node for severe convective weather warning as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the PSoC module also monitors the power supply of the node. If an abnormal voltage is encountered, the PSoC module also uses LoRa wireless The communication module sends power supply alarm information to the host computer. 6. A mining security node for severe convective weather warning according to claim 1, characterized in that: the mobile intelligent device obtains the connection information of the Bluetooth wireless communication module by scanning the NFC tag arranged on the surface of the node, and Refer to this connection information to connect to the node. 7. A mining security node for severe convective weather warning according to claim 1, characterized in that: the PSoC module is connected to the optical fiber communication module through a digital interface with electromagnetic isolation capability.