CN109258276A - A kind of harvesting fruit yield artificial cultivation method with improving - Google Patents
A kind of harvesting fruit yield artificial cultivation method with improving Download PDFInfo
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- CN109258276A CN109258276A CN201811279995.4A CN201811279995A CN109258276A CN 109258276 A CN109258276 A CN 109258276A CN 201811279995 A CN201811279995 A CN 201811279995A CN 109258276 A CN109258276 A CN 109258276A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B13/00—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials
- C05B13/02—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials from rock phosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of harvest fruit yield artificial cultivation methods with improving, comprising the following steps: (1) selection of land site preparation, (2) nursery, (3) transplanting, (4) field management: including fertilising, watering, the management of freeze proof cold-proof aspect, (5) fruit harvesting.The artificial cultivation method of fruit yield is harvested on the ground of the present invention that improves, and using the method for cuttage and seedling culture, high survival rate is harvested on the ground of cultivation, can also harvest the yield and quality of fruit with improving, can for harvest the further of fruit and comprehensively utilize the source that furnishes ample material.The cold-proof antifreeze that is added in the present invention improves crop yield, improves quality of agricultural product, enhancing crop drought resistance, cold-resistant, disease-resistant ability, and accumulation to pesticide and chemical fertilizer and remains the effect being substantially reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Crop fertilizer technical field, specifically a kind of harvest fruit yield artificial cultivation side with improving
Method.
Background technique
Ground harvest (Latin literary fame:Melastoma dodecandrum Lour.), also known as: shop floor, mountainous region M.-dodecandrum, lower margin M.-dodecandrum,
It is the shape undershrub that crawls of Melastomataceae, Melastoma, it is 10-30 centimetres long；It is later hairless by strigose when young；Blade heavily fortified point paper
Matter, elliptical or oval shape；Cyme, basidixed, petal lilac red to aubergine, water chestnut shape obovate, the month at florescence 5-7, fruiting period
The 7-9 month.Ground harvest be it is a kind of integrate medicinal, ornamental and health care excellent ground cover plant, it is spherical berry that fruit is harvested on ground, directly
For diameter in 0.5-1.5cm, annual 7-9 month is in batches mature, mellow fruit crust darkviolet, and pulp is sour-sweet to take on a red color and good
Good natural red colouring matter raw material.Produce Guizhou, Hunan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Fujian, be born in 1250 meters of height above sea level it is below
It is the common plant of acid soil in the bottom grass clump of hillside.
Ground is harvested with having promoting blood circulation and hemostasis, antipyretic and antidote functions, and fruit is also edible and makes wine.Harvest adaptable, life in ground
Long speed is fast, due to drought-enduring resistance to lean, can low level management, leaf, flower, fruit all have preferable ornamental value, in afforestation by
To the favor of people, it can be used as pionner plantation in slope of highway, soil erosion region and the torrid zone and subtropical area spaciously
It is afforested with hayashishita.Ground is harvested research and is utilized in early days primarily as medicinal herbs by people, sweet in flavor, puckery, cool in nature, and there is promoting blood circulation to stop
Blood, subsiding swelling and resolving stagnation, it is clearing heat and detoxicating the effect of.It is clinically used for treatment high fever, swelling and pain, abscess of throat, toothache, red white bloody flux disease, Huang
Subcutaneous ulcer, dysmenorrhea, metrorrhagia and metrostaxis, leukorrhagia, postpartum abdominal pain, carbuncle swells, treats the illnesss such as sore, hemorrhoid, venomous snake bite at oedema.Modern clinical research report
Ground can be harvested and preparation is made by road, treat hemorrhage of digestive tract, and hemostasia effect is significant.According to another report, ground has been harvested antitumor, anti-ageing
Always, the effects of hypoglycemic, reducing blood lipid, and there is no toxic side effect to normal cell.
In its natural state, ground is harvested mainly by seminal propagation, but setting percentage is not high, and seed collection is difficult, sprouts from seed
It is dealt into the time that plant blossom generally requires 2-4.There are also the artificial cultivation methods harvested about ground in recent years, at present
Harvesting main mating system has: seminal propagation, cutting propagation, piecemeal breeding and tissue culture propagation, but the main application of artificial cultivation
Still for afforesting and watching aspect, substantially seldom for the purpose of to harvest harvesting fruit, ground harvests fruit and is constantly in wild resource
Using state, fruit is small and lacks, and commodity rate is low, is allowed of no optimist using status.
And people harvest the comprehensive utilization of fruit with increasingly paying close attention to and study in recent years.It is a kind of succulence slurry that fruit is harvested on ground
Fruit, subsphaeroidal, 7~11mm of diameter, reduced sugar accounts for the 96.34% of total reducing sugar in mellow fruit；In fruit ascorbic content with
Traditional fruit pears, banana etc. are suitable, and the content of its anthocyanin is all higher than most of fruit, reaches 300mg/kg.It harvests on ground
In fruit at least contain 16 kinds of amino acid, including threonine, valine, methionine, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, rely
7 kinds of human body institute essential amino acids such as propylhomoserin, are 2 times or so of rice and wheat content.Glutamic acid content with higher, and must
Amino acid is needed to account for total amino acid content 32.80%.It harvests in fruit containing a variety of minerals such as potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, iron, manganese, copper, zinc on ground
Element, and the ratio of each mineral element is appropriate, fruit has the characteristics that hyperkalemia hyponatremia, is conducive to the acid-base balance for maintaining body.
Meanwhile the content of macroelement calcium is higher, reaches 7328.4mg/kg, can be used as natural supplementary calcium food.Fruit is harvested on ground not only can be straight
It connects edible, natural pigment can also be extracted for food processing, the pigment that fruit is harvested on ground has no toxic side effect, and color value is up to 190, has
Strong fruit flavor, bright-colored in acid condition, property is more stable, can be used for beverage, cold drink, fruit wine, candy and dessert
Coloring.Its pigment water or ethyl alcohol extract, simple process and low cost, are a kind of excellent natural food colours.
Ground harvests that fruit sugar-acid ratio is moderate, and sweet and sour taste, mouthfeel is good, is either developed as novel fruits, or makees
For the raw material sources of new natural pigment, all should be the conduct harvested important breeding objectives the reasons why.Therefore, it harvests to research
Artificial cultivation and its stable high yield technology, have great importance and good development prospect.
Summary of the invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide the artificial cultivation method harvested a kind ofly, harvest with improving
The yield and quality of fruit, for harvest the comprehensive development and utilization of fruit and furnish ample material source.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
A kind of harvesting fruit yield artificial cultivation method with improving, comprising the following steps:
(1) selection of land site preparation: select to be not easy ponding, the faintly acid soil that the soil is porous as the planting site harvested, 3 before transplanting~
5 days site preparations, do the ridge of wide 30~60cm, high 10~20cm, and carry out gutter；
(2) nursery: by the way of cuttage and seedling culture, ground harvest seedling take root it is firm after can transplant and can transplant；
(3) transplant: selection is transplanted after spring rain in 3~April, and kind of a plant hole is dug on ridge, applies suitable base manure, ground is harvested
Seedling balled transplanting, 0.5~0.8 meter of spacing in the rows, pours suitable root water by 1.0~1.5 meters of line-spacing after transplanting；10~20 after transplanting
It carries out looking into seedling, and discovery has filling the gaps with seedlings in time for dead seedling situation；
(4) field management:
A, apply fertilizer: 40~60 days progress tillage and weedings of transplant planting are harvested around root over the ground after weeding and are loosened the soil, and are applied appropriate
Mixed fertilizer, dose is 300~350kg per acre, covers upper one layer of soil and buries fertilizer, pours suitable dung polluted water in Tu Mianshang
Just water soaks native face；Hereafter every weeding of progress in 1~2 month and fertilising, every the human and animal excreta of application in 3~4 months
Water；Less dose when 2 month of November to next year weather cold, for 250~280kg per acre；Transplant 4~May of second year
Harvest out 1~2 foliar fertilizer of prebloom spray in ground；
B, it waters: carrying out irrigation watering according to specific arid situation, the watering in weather 5~10 days that do not rain under normal circumstances is primary,
Guarantee that native face will not be dry and cracked；The growth that draining prevents hypervolia to harvest with influencing is paid attention to when summer rainwater is more, winter temperature is lower than
Watering is reduced at 15 DEG C, every a small amount of water humid soil face of sprinkling in 20~25 days；
C, freeze proof cold-proof: November to next year, 2 month temperature was lower, need to take freeze proof cold-proof means appropriate, and temperature is reduced to
At 10~14 DEG C, start to harvest the cold-proof antifreeze of sprinkling over the ground, cold-proof antifreeze is diluted to 250~300 times by spraying, is sprayed before entering the winter
It spills 2~3 times, temperature is reduced to 5 DEG C not spray again；When temperature is lower than 0 DEG C, one layer of dry rice straw is spread on the ground, prevents ground
It directly contact harvests and causes frostbite；
(5) fruit harvesting: the maturity period that fruit is harvested on ground is inconsistent, harvests in batches, harvests fruit rinds to next year 7~September part and is in
Black, when pulp is in aubergine, it can harvesting；Fruit harvesting is complete to be harvested seedling later and gives over to next year and continue to yield positive results.
Cuttage and seedling culture described in step (2) method particularly includes: acquisition topography is higher, vigorous, no disease and pests harm the ground of growth is harvested
Plants stems seedling is cut into every section of 5~10cm long, lower end angle, and upper end retains blade, the Gao Meng for being 0.2% by its angle end concentration
Sour potassium solution impregnates 3~5min, then with IBA solution 10~15 s of immersion of 8g/L, then cuttage into seedbed, spacing in the rows 3~
4cm, depth are the general of stem seedling length, spray appropriate root water；The medium of seedling bed are as follows: according to weight ratio bog soil: river
Sand is 1:0.3~0.6；Seedbed is placed at shady and cool few sunlight, and sunshade film is covered when the sun is larger；It is sooner or later spraying daily after cuttage
Watering keeps seedbed soil face wet；Apply appropriate human and animal excreta after 10~15 days, taking root within 28~32 days can transplant after consolidating.
Base manure each component described in step (3) matches in parts by weight are as follows: and 10~20 parts of urea, calcium magnesium phosphate 35~45
Part, 8~15 parts of potassium chloride.
Mixed fertilizer each component described in step (4) matches in parts by weight are as follows: and 15~25 parts of urea, calcium superphosphate 8~15
Part, 5~10 parts of slag, 2~5 parts of potassium chloride, 2~5 parts of potassium sulfate, 5~10 parts of borax.
Foliar fertilizer each component described in step (4) matches in parts by weight are as follows: and 15~25 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, boric acid 2~5
Part, 3~6 parts of biogas slurry, 0.5~1.5 part of seaweeds.
Cold-proof antifreeze each component described in step (4) matches in parts by weight are as follows: and 5~8 parts of marine algae extract, humic acid
5~8 parts, 2~5 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5~1.5 part of auximone.
The slag being added in mixed fertilizer used in the present invention is byproduct during blast furnace ironmaking.Slag chemistry at
Dividing mainly has CaO, SiO2、Al2O3、MgO、MnO、Fe2O3Equal oxides.Slag mix after crushing with fertilizer, can be harvest and mention
For a variety of middle microelements, the growth harvested with promoting.
Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and boric acid in foliar fertilizer, which respectively are harvested, provides phosphorus, potassium, boron element, is alternatively arranged as foliar fertilizer
PH adjusting agent and bacteriostatic preservative, the biogas slurry of addition nitrogen rich in, the nutrient and micro- that the biological growths such as phosphorus, potassium, selenium need
Secondary element, that harvests with may advantageously facilitate yields positive results, and harvests the quality of fruit with improving, while can also prevent pest and disease damage.It is added
Seaweeds contain various plants somatomedin and mineral element, chelated metal ions and marine biomaterial, such as
Cytokinin, algal polysaccharides etc., middle microelement necessary to being grown rich in various plants such as calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese,
Integrate nutritional ingredient necessary to plant, marine bioactivity ingredient, seaweed organic matter.Seaweeds can promote plant cell
Quick division, plant is long fastly, enhance metabolism, raising plant biological is drought-resistant and cold performance, also has and inhibits harmful raw
Object, the effect for alleviating disease pest harm.Seaweeds are pure natural marine algae extract, no pollution to the environment.After application can chesson,
Improvement is accelerated soil aggregate structure and is formed, it is ensured that soil has good aeration because of soil hardening caused by applying chemical fertilizer.
The winter for safely spending low-temperature cold in order to allow is harvested, does not influence the efficiency of its next year yielded positive results, is guaranteed
The yield and quality of fruit are harvested in ground, right when the measure that this religious name is taken is that temperature is reduced to 10~14 DEG C or so before entering the winter
Sprinkling 1~3 time cold-proof antifreeze is harvested on ground, when temperature is lower than 0 DEG C, is spread one layer of dry rice straw on the ground, is prevented ground from directly connecing
It contacts to earth to harvest and causes frostbite.In southern areas such as Guangxi Chinas, the low temperature lower than 0 DEG C is generally seldom had, it is only necessary to which sprinkling is appropriate
Cold-proof antifreeze can harvest with allowing safety pass the winter without influencing its yield.The mechanism of action of the cold-proof antifreeze of the present invention are as follows:
First is that harvest the vigorous photosynthesis of the progress before entering the winter with allowing, accumulation more overwintering required nutriment sugar and amino acid
Deng accelerating the degree of lignification of plant, increase the content of unsaturated fatty acid in film rouge, prevent the phase transformation of biomembrane, stablize film
Structure；Second is that control field pipe-net under cryogenic, the normal dehydration for being able to carry out space between cells and primary is harvested with making
The normal change of matter colloidal state, and free water content in plant tissue is reduced, thus decrease the possibility of tissue icing
Property.By the exercise of above-mentioned two aspect, cellular plasm will slow up to the reaction of bad condition, and freezing tolerance is significant
Increase.
The marine algae extract that cold-proof antifreeze is added in the present invention is rich in phycocolloid acid, crude protein, multivitamin, enzyme and micro-
Secondary element, algal polysaccharides and polyphenol compound also rich in etc., it is easy to be absorbed by crop leaf, these algal polysaccharides
After being absorbed by crops, can make cellular plasm viscosity increase, elasticity enhancing, cell liquid concentration increase, the absorbability of moisture and
Water holding capacity improves, and keeps the stabilization of hydrolase, protease and lipase, to make plasma structure damage, and then improves
The drought resistance of plant.The marine algae extract growth promotion marvellous to crops and degeneration-resistant act in a large amount of practices are constantly confirmed.
Crop yield is improved, improves quality of agricultural product and enhances crop drought resistance, resist cold, is anti-a large number of experiments show that marine algae extract has
The ability of disease, and accumulation to pesticide residues in vegetables medicine and chemical fertilizer and remain the effect being substantially reduced.The humic acid of addition is containing big point
The activity and chlorophyll content of a variety of enzymes in plant can be improved in sub- organic matter, protects plant cell membrane permeability, enhances crop
Cold-resistant antifreeze ability.Potassium dihydrogen phosphate can supplement the nutrients rapidly as ionic state phosphorus potash fertilizer, maintain plant nutrition balance, improve
Plant degree of lignification, phosphorus improve sugar and phospholipid level, and potassium is adjustable stomata and inhibits evaporation, enhance tree body cold tolerance.Plant
Auxin is the hormone by tool division and the regulating plant growth direction for increasing active cellular regions generation, and chemical nature is Yin
Indolylbutyric acid, main function are to make plant cell wall relaxation, so that cell be made to increase, increase the synthesis of protein, are regulated and controled endogenous sharp
Element, the activity of enzyme, increases the stability of cell membrane in activated plant body, accelerates cytoplasmic flowing, induction plant generate resist it is low
The warm factor enhances winter resistance.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
1, harvest fruit yield artificial cultivation method of the present invention with improving, using the method for cuttage and seedling culture, the ground of cultivation
Harvest high survival rate, the yield and quality of fruit can also be harvested with improving, can for harvest the further comprehensive utilization of fruit and provide and fill
The raw material sources of foot.
2, selected in cuttage and seedling culture of the present invention bog soil as harvest the main medium of seedling bed of nursery, peat soil is containing largely having
Machine matter, loose porous, permeability is good, and retain water and nutrients power is again strong, harvests the growth of seedling with being conducive to, and can reduce making for fertilizer
With, a small amount of river sand mixing is added, the hydrophobic, air-permeability in seedbed is more advantageous to, can promote plant respiration, the root system harvested with being conducive to
Development, the basic no disease and pests harm of the seedling cultivated, high survival rate, the survival rate after also improving transplanting, to improve fruit yield
It lays a solid foundation.
3, marine algae extract is added in cold-proof antifreeze in the present invention, and crop yield can be improved in algae extract, harvests fruit with improving
Real quality, enhancing ground harvest drought resisting, resist cold, disease-resistant ability, and accumulation to pesticide and chemical fertilizer and remaining is substantially reduced
Effect.Marine algae extract algal polysaccharides rich in and phenol compound, it is easy to be absorbed by crop leaf, cell can be made
Protoplasm viscosity increases, elasticity enhances, and cell liquid concentration increases, and the absorbability and water holding capacity of moisture improve, and keep water
The stabilization of enzyme, protease and lipase is solved, to make plasma structure damage, and then harvests the drought resistance and cold-resistant of plant with improving
Property.
4, the humic acid organic matter containing macromolecular that cold-proof antifreeze is added in the present invention, can be improved a variety of enzymes in plant
Activity and chlorophyll content protect plant cell membrane permeability, enhance crop cold resistance antifreeze ability.Potassium dihydrogen phosphate is as ion
State phosphorus potash fertilizer can supplement the nutrients rapidly, maintain plant nutrition balance, improve plant degree of lignification, and phosphorus improves sugar and phosphatide water
Flat, potassium is adjustable stomata and inhibits evaporation, enhances tree body cold tolerance.Auximone is by tool division and to increase active cell
The hormone in the regulating plant growth direction that area generates, chemical nature are heteroauxins, and main function is to keep plant cell wall loose
It relaxes, so that cell be made to increase, increases the synthesis of protein, regulate and control endogenous hormones, the activity of enzyme in activated plant body increases cell
The stability of film, accelerates cytoplasmic flowing, and induction plant generates the low-temperature resistance factor, enhances its winter resistance.
Specific embodiment
In order to keep technical solution of the present invention and advantage clearer, below with reference to the embodiment of the present invention, to the present invention
Technical solution be clearly and completely described.
Embodiment 1
A kind of harvesting fruit yield artificial cultivation method with improving, comprising the following steps:
(1) selection of land site preparation: select to be not easy ponding, the faintly acid soil that the soil is porous as the planting site harvested, 3 days before transplanting
Site preparation, does the ridge of wide 40cm, high 15cm, and carries out gutter；
(2) nursery: by the way of cuttage and seedling culture, ground harvest seedling take root it is firm after can transplant and can transplant；
(3) transplant: selection is transplanted after spring rain in March, and kind of a plant hole is dug on ridge, applies suitable base manure, children is harvested on ground
Seedling balled transplanting, 0.6 meter of spacing in the rows, pours suitable root water by 1.2 meters of line-spacing after transplanting；It carries out looking into seedling within 15 days after transplanting, discovery has
Dead seedling situation is filled the gaps with seedlings in time；
(4) field management:
A, apply fertilizer: 45 days progress tillage and weedings of transplant planting are harvested around root over the ground after weeding and are loosened the soil, and are applied suitable mixed
Hefei, dose are that 350kg, the upper one layer of soil of covering bury fertilizer per acre, pour suitable human and animal excreta water in Tu Mianshang, soak
Native face；Hereafter every weeding of progress in 1~2 month and fertilising, apply a human and animal excreta water at quarterly intervals；November is extremely
Less dose when 2 month of next year weather cold, for 260kg per acre；Harvest out 2 leaves of prebloom spray with transplanting second year May
Leaven；
B, it waters: carrying out irrigation watering according to specific arid situation, the watering in weather 5~10 days that do not rain under normal circumstances is primary,
Guarantee that native face will not be dry and cracked；The growth that draining prevents hypervolia to harvest with influencing is paid attention to when summer rainwater is more, winter temperature is lower than
Watering is reduced at 15 DEG C, every a small amount of water humid soil face of sprinkling in 20~25 days；
C, freeze proof cold-proof: November to next year, 2 month temperature was lower, need to take freeze proof cold-proof means appropriate, and temperature is reduced to
At 14 DEG C, start to harvest the cold-proof antifreeze of sprinkling over the ground, cold-proof antifreeze is diluted to 250 times by spraying, is sprayed 3 times before entering the winter, gas
Temperature drop not spray again down to 5 DEG C；When temperature is lower than 0 DEG C, one layer of dry rice straw is spread on the ground, prevents ground directly contact
It harvests and causes frostbite；
(5) fruit harvesting: the maturity period that fruit is harvested on ground is inconsistent, harvests in batches, harvests fruit rinds to next year 7~September part and is in
Black starts to harvest when pulp is in aubergine；Fruit has harvested to harvest seedling later and give over to next year in batches to be continued to yield positive results.
Cuttage and seedling culture described in step (2) method particularly includes: acquisition topography is higher, vigorous, no disease and pests harm the ground of growth is harvested
Plants stems seedling is cut into every section of 5~8cm long, lower end angle, and upper end retains blade, the Gao Meng for being 0.2% by its angle end concentration
Sour potassium solution impregnates 3min, then impregnates 10 s with the IBA solution of 8g/L, and then cuttage is into seedbed, 3~4cm of spacing in the rows, and depth is
Stem seedling length it is general, spray appropriate root water；The medium of seedling bed are as follows: bog soil+river sand is according to weight ratio 1:0.3；Seedling
Bed is placed at shady and cool few sunlight, and sunshade film is covered when the sun is larger；Spraying watering sooner or later daily, keeps seedbed soil face after cuttage
It is wet；Apply appropriate human and animal excreta after 10~15 days, takes root within 30 days and transplanted after consolidating.
Base manure each component described in step (3) matches in parts by weight are as follows: and 15 parts of urea, 40 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate, potassium chloride
10 parts.
Mixed fertilizer each component described in step (4) matches in parts by weight are as follows: and 20 parts of urea, 12 parts of calcium superphosphate, slag 7
Part, 3 parts of potassium chloride, 3 parts of potassium sulfate, 6 parts of borax.
Foliar fertilizer each component described in step (4) matches in parts by weight are as follows: and 18 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 4 parts of boric acid, biogas slurry
4 parts, 0.6 part of seaweeds.
Cold-proof antifreeze each component described in step (4) matches in parts by weight are as follows: and 6 parts of marine algae extract, humic acid 6
Part, 3 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.9 part of auximone.
Embodiment 2
A kind of harvesting fruit yield artificial cultivation method with improving, comprising the following steps:
(1) selection of land site preparation: select to be not easy ponding, the faintly acid soil that the soil is porous as the planting site harvested, 3 days before transplanting
Site preparation, does the ridge of wide 40cm, high 15cm, and carries out gutter；
(2) nursery: by the way of cuttage and seedling culture, ground harvest seedling take root it is firm after can transplant and can transplant；
(3) transplant: selection is transplanted after spring rain in March, and kind of a plant hole is dug on ridge, applies suitable base manure, children is harvested on ground
Seedling balled transplanting, 0.6 meter of spacing in the rows, pours suitable root water by 1.2 meters of line-spacing after transplanting；It carries out looking into seedling within 15 days after transplanting, discovery has
Dead seedling situation is filled the gaps with seedlings in time；
(4) field management:
A, apply fertilizer: 45 days progress tillage and weedings of transplant planting are harvested around root over the ground after weeding and are loosened the soil, and are applied suitable mixed
Hefei, dose are that 320kg, the upper one layer of soil of covering bury fertilizer per acre, pour suitable human and animal excreta water in Tu Mianshang, soak
Native face；Hereafter every weeding of progress in 1~2 month and fertilising, apply a human and animal excreta water at quarterly intervals；November is extremely
Less dose when 2 month of next year weather cold, for 260kg per acre；2 leaves of prebloom spray are harvested out at the beginning of transplanting second year 5 months
Leaven；
B, it waters: carrying out irrigation watering according to specific arid situation, the watering in weather 5~7 days that do not rain under normal circumstances is primary, protects
Demonstrate,proving native face will not be dry and cracked；The growth that draining prevents hypervolia to harvest with influencing is paid attention to when summer rainwater is more, winter temperature is lower than 15
DEG C when reduce watering, every 20 days a small amount of water humid soil faces of sprinkling；
C, freeze proof cold-proof: November to next year, 2 month temperature was lower, need to take freeze proof cold-proof means appropriate, and temperature is reduced to
At 13 DEG C, start to harvest the cold-proof antifreeze of sprinkling over the ground, cold-proof antifreeze is diluted to 280 times by spraying, is sprayed 3 times before entering the winter, gas
Temperature drop not spray again down to 5 DEG C；When temperature is lower than 0 DEG C, one layer of dry rice straw is spread on the ground, ground is prevented directly contact to harvest
Cause frostbite；
(5) fruit harvesting: the maturity period that fruit is harvested on ground is inconsistent, harvests in batches, harvests fruit rinds to next year 7~September part and is in
Black starts to harvest when pulp is in aubergine；Fruit has harvested to harvest seedling later and give over to next year in batches to be continued to yield positive results.
Cuttage and seedling culture described in step (2) method particularly includes: acquisition topography is higher, vigorous, no disease and pests harm the ground of growth is harvested
Plants stems seedling is cut into every section of 6~8cm long, lower end angle, and upper end retains blade, the Gao Meng for being 0.2% by its angle end concentration
Sour potassium solution impregnates 3min, then impregnates 10 s with the IBA solution of 8g/L, and then into seedbed, spacing in the rows 4cm, depth is stem for cuttage
Seedling length it is general, spray appropriate root water；The medium of seedling bed are as follows: bog soil+river sand is according to weight ratio 1:0.5；Seedbed
It is placed at shady and cool few sunlight, sunshade film is covered when the sun is larger；Spraying watering sooner or later daily, keeps seedbed soil face wet after cuttage
Profit；Apply appropriate human and animal excreta after 15 days, taking root within 32 days can transplant after consolidating.
Base manure each component described in step (3) matches in parts by weight are as follows: and 20 parts of urea, 40 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate, potassium chloride
15 parts.
Mixed fertilizer each component described in step (4) matches in parts by weight are as follows: and 20 parts of urea, 12 parts of calcium superphosphate, slag 7
Part, 3 parts of potassium chloride, 4 parts of potassium sulfate, 7 parts of borax.
Foliar fertilizer each component described in step (4) matches in parts by weight are as follows: and 20 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 5 parts of boric acid, biogas slurry
5 parts, 0.6 part of seaweeds.
Cold-proof antifreeze each component described in step (4) matches in parts by weight are as follows: and 6 parts of marine algae extract, humic acid 6
Part, 3 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.9 part of auximone.
Embodiment 3
A kind of harvesting fruit yield artificial cultivation method with improving, comprising the following steps:
(1) selection of land site preparation: select to be not easy ponding, the faintly acid soil that the soil is porous as the planting site harvested, 3 days before transplanting
Site preparation, does the ridge of wide 40cm, high 15cm, and carries out gutter；
(2) nursery: by the way of cuttage and seedling culture, ground harvest seedling take root it is firm after can transplant and can transplant；
(3) transplant: selection is transplanted after spring rain in March, and kind of a plant hole is dug on ridge, applies suitable base manure, children is harvested on ground
Seedling balled transplanting, 0.6 meter of spacing in the rows, pours suitable root water by 1.2 meters of line-spacing after transplanting；It carries out looking into seedling within 15 days after transplanting, discovery has
Dead seedling situation is filled the gaps with seedlings in time；
(4) field management:
A, apply fertilizer: 55 days progress tillage and weedings of transplant planting are harvested around root over the ground after weeding and are loosened the soil, and are applied suitable mixed
Hefei, dose are that 320kg, the upper one layer of soil of covering bury fertilizer per acre, pour suitable human and animal excreta water in Tu Mianshang, soak
Native face；Hereafter every weeding of progress in 1~2 month and fertilising, every the human and animal excreta water of application in 3~4 months；November
Less dose when to 2 month of next year weather cold, for 250kg per acre；Harvest out prebloom spray 1 to transplanting second year late April
Secondary foliar fertilizer；
B, it waters: carrying out irrigation watering according to specific arid situation, the watering in weather 7 days that do not rain under normal circumstances is primary, guarantees
It native face will not be dry and cracked；The growth that draining prevents hypervolia to harvest with influencing is paid attention to when summer rainwater is more, winter temperature is lower than 15 DEG C
When reduce watering, every 25 days a small amount of water humid soil faces of sprinkling；
C, freeze proof cold-proof: November to next year, 2 month temperature was lower, need to take freeze proof cold-proof means appropriate, and temperature is reduced to
At 10~14 DEG C, start to harvest the cold-proof antifreeze of sprinkling over the ground, cold-proof antifreeze is diluted to 250~300 times by spraying, is sprayed before entering the winter
It spills 2~3 times, temperature is reduced to 5 DEG C not spray again；When temperature is lower than 0 DEG C, one layer of dry rice straw is spread on the ground, prevents ground
It directly contact harvests and causes frostbite；
(5) fruit harvesting: the maturity period that fruit is harvested on ground is inconsistent, harvests in batches, harvests fruit rinds to next year 7~September part and is in
Black starts to harvest when pulp is in aubergine；Fruit has harvested to harvest seedling later and give over to next year in batches to be continued to yield positive results.
Cuttage and seedling culture described in step (2) method particularly includes: acquisition topography is higher, vigorous, no disease and pests harm the ground of growth is harvested
Plants stems seedling is cut into every section of 6~8cm long, lower end angle, and upper end retains blade, the Gao Meng for being 0.2% by its angle end concentration
Sour potassium solution impregnates 3min, then impregnates 10 s with the IBA solution of 8g/L, and then into seedbed, spacing in the rows 4cm, depth is stem for cuttage
Seedling length it is general, spray appropriate root water；The medium of seedling bed are as follows: bog soil+river sand is according to weight ratio 1:0.5；Seedbed
It is placed at shady and cool few sunlight, sunshade film is covered when the sun is larger；Spraying watering sooner or later daily, keeps seedbed soil face wet after cuttage
Profit；Apply appropriate human and animal excreta after 15 days, taking root within 32 days can transplant after consolidating.
Base manure each component described in step (3) matches in parts by weight are as follows: and 20 parts of urea, 40 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate, potassium chloride
15 parts.
Mixed fertilizer each component described in step (4) matches in parts by weight are as follows: and 20 parts of urea, 12 parts of calcium superphosphate, slag 7
Part, 3 parts of potassium chloride, 4 parts of potassium sulfate, 7 parts of borax.
Foliar fertilizer each component described in step (4) matches in parts by weight are as follows: and 20 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 5 parts of boric acid, biogas slurry
5 parts, 0.7 part of seaweeds.
Cold-proof antifreeze each component described in step (4) matches in parts by weight are as follows: and 5~8 parts of marine algae extract, humic acid
5~8 parts, 2~5 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5~1.5 part of auximone.
In above-described embodiment, the case where experimental planting is harvested on ground and contemporaneity agree to that wildly harvesting for grown carries out pair
Than as shown in the table:
| Survival rate (%) | Pest and disease damage incidence (%) | Fruit per mu yield (kg) | |
| Embodiment 1 | 97.5 | 3.10 | 1271 |
| Embodiment 2 | 98.3 | 2.98 | 1304 |
| Embodiment 3 | 97.6 | 3.15 | 1280 |
| Wildly harvest | 85.1 | 13.18 | 831 |
As can be seen from the above table, cultural method according to the invention can harvest pest and disease damage incidence with reducing, and harvest with greatly improving
Survival rate and fruit yield.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of harvest fruit yield artificial cultivation method with improving, which comprises the following steps:
(1) selection of land site preparation: select to be not easy ponding, the faintly acid soil that the soil is porous as the planting site harvested, 3 before transplanting~
5 days site preparations, do the ridge of wide 30~60cm, high 10~20cm, and carry out gutter；
(2) nursery: by the way of cuttage and seedling culture, ground harvest seedling take root it is firm after can transplant and can transplant；
(3) transplant: selection is transplanted after spring rain in 3~April, and kind of a plant hole is dug on ridge, applies suitable base manure, ground is harvested
Seedling balled transplanting, 0.5~0.8 meter of spacing in the rows, pours suitable root water by 1.0~1.5 meters of line-spacing after transplanting；10~20 after transplanting
It carries out looking into seedling, and discovery has filling the gaps with seedlings in time for dead seedling situation；
(4) field management:
A, apply fertilizer: 40~60 days progress tillage and weedings of transplant planting are harvested around root over the ground after weeding and are loosened the soil, and are applied appropriate
Mixed fertilizer, dose is 300~350kg per acre, covers upper one layer of soil and buries fertilizer, pours suitable dung polluted water in Tu Mianshang
Just water soaks native face；Hereafter every weeding of progress in 1~2 month and fertilising, every the human and animal excreta of application in 3~4 months
Water；Less dose when 2 month of November to next year weather cold, for 250~280kg per acre；Transplant 4~May of second year
Harvest out 1~2 foliar fertilizer of prebloom spray in ground；
B, it waters: carrying out irrigation watering according to specific arid situation, the watering in weather 5~10 days that do not rain under normal circumstances is primary,
Guarantee that native face will not be dry and cracked；The growth that draining prevents hypervolia to harvest with influencing is paid attention to when summer rainwater is more, winter temperature is lower than
Watering is reduced at 15 DEG C, every a small amount of water humid soil face of sprinkling in 20~25 days；
C, freeze proof cold-proof: November to next year, 2 month temperature was lower, need to take freeze proof cold-proof means appropriate, and temperature is reduced to
At 10~14 DEG C, start to harvest the cold-proof antifreeze of sprinkling over the ground, cold-proof antifreeze is diluted to 250~300 times by spraying, is sprayed before entering the winter
It spills 2~3 times, temperature is reduced to 5 DEG C not spray again；When temperature is lower than 0 DEG C, one layer of dry rice straw is spread on the ground, prevents ground
It directly contact harvests and causes frostbite；
(5) fruit harvesting: the maturity period that fruit is harvested on ground is inconsistent, harvests in batches, harvests fruit rinds to next year 7~September part and is in
Black, when pulp is in aubergine, it can harvesting；Fruit harvesting is complete to be harvested seedling later and gives over to next year and continue to yield positive results.
2. harvest the artificial cultivation method of fruit yield with improving according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step (2) is described
Cuttage and seedling culture method particularly includes: acquisition topography is higher, plants stems seedling is harvested on vigorous, no disease and pests harm the ground of growth, be cut into every section 5~
10cm long, lower end angle, upper end retain blade, and the liquor potassic permanganate that its angle end concentration is 0.2% is impregnated 3~5min,
10~15 s are impregnated with the IBA solution of 8g/L again, then cuttage is into seedbed, 3~4cm of spacing in the rows, and depth is the one of stem seedling length
As, spray appropriate root water；The medium of seedling bed are as follows: according to weight ratio bog soil: river sand is 1:0.3~0.6；Seedbed is placed in
At the few sunlight in cool place, sunshade film is covered when the sun is larger；Spraying watering sooner or later daily, keeps seedbed soil face wet after cuttage；
Apply appropriate human and animal excreta after 10~15 days, taking root within 28~32 days can transplant after consolidating.
3. harvest the artificial cultivation method of fruit yield with improving according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step (3) is described
Base manure each component match in parts by weight are as follows: 10~20 parts of urea, 35~45 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate, 8~15 parts of potassium chloride.
4. harvest the artificial cultivation method of fruit yield with improving according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step (4) is described
Mixed fertilizer each component match in parts by weight are as follows: 15~25 parts of urea, 8~15 parts of calcium superphosphate, 5~10 parts of slag, chlorination
2~5 parts of potassium, 2~5 parts of potassium sulfate, 5~10 parts of borax.
5. harvest the artificial cultivation method of fruit yield with improving according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step (4) is described
Foliar fertilizer each component match in parts by weight are as follows: 15~25 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 2~5 parts of boric acid, 3~6 parts of biogas slurry, seaweed
0.5~1.5 part of element.
6. harvest the artificial cultivation method of fruit yield with improving according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step (4) is described
Cold-proof antifreeze each component match in parts by weight are as follows: 5~8 parts of marine algae extract, 5~8 parts of humic acid, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2
~5 parts, 0.5~1.5 part of auximone.
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| CN109804852A (en) * | 2019-03-14 | 2019-05-28 | 三江县丰农农业科技有限公司 | Implantation methods are harvested a kind ofly |
| CN113711870A (en) * | 2021-10-09 | 2021-11-30 | 山东寿光蔬菜种业集团有限公司 | Method for improving hardening survival rate of tissue culture seedlings |
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| CN113711870A (en) * | 2021-10-09 | 2021-11-30 | 山东寿光蔬菜种业集团有限公司 | Method for improving hardening survival rate of tissue culture seedlings |
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