CN109236342B - Water-driven safety ventilator for underground coal mine - Google Patents

Water-driven safety ventilator for underground coal mine Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109236342B
CN109236342B CN201811064302.XA CN201811064302A CN109236342B CN 109236342 B CN109236342 B CN 109236342B CN 201811064302 A CN201811064302 A CN 201811064302A CN 109236342 B CN109236342 B CN 109236342B
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water
ventilation
shuttle
tube
cylinder
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CN109236342A (en
Inventor
何叶荣
吴娅楠
何沐阳
刘中燕
洪力学
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Anhui Jianzhu University
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Anhui Jianzhu University
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21FSAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F1/00Ventilation of mines or tunnels; Distribution of ventilating currents
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D25/00Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D25/02Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F04D25/04Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being fluid-driven
    • F04D25/045Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being fluid-driven the pump wheel carrying the fluid driving means, e.g. turbine blades

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a water-driven safety ventilator for underground coal mine, comprising: the support plate is horizontally arranged; the safety ventilating tube is horizontally arranged at the upper end of the support plate; the safe ventilation tube is internally provided with a water-driven mechanism, a rotation generating mechanism and a ventilation mechanism, the safe ventilation tube starts the water-driven mechanism through water flow, the water-driven mechanism drives the rotation generating mechanism to rotate, the rotation of the rotation generating mechanism drives the ventilation mechanism to produce fanning, underground ventilation is formed, the structure is ingenious in fit, water energy is used as power energy, motor driving is not needed, and the use safety is high; the rotary generation mechanism is located in the middle of the safe ventilating duct and comprises a shuttle-type guide cylinder which is horizontally arranged, a central shaft is arranged in the shuttle-type guide cylinder, a spiral reducing rotating impeller is arranged on the outer side of the central shaft, the spiral reducing rotating impeller is of a screw structure, an exhaust blade is driven to rotate at a high speed, ventilation is formed, transmission is stable, and ventilation effect is good.

Description

Water-driven safety ventilator for underground coal mine
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field related to coal mines, in particular to a hydraulic safety ventilator for underground coal mines.
Background
The basic task of mine ventilation is to supply enough fresh air underground, meet the needs of personnel on oxygen, dilute harmful gas and dust underground, ensure safe production, regulate underground climate and create good working environment, in order to make underground wind flow and distribute along a specified route, it is necessary to construct structures for guiding and controlling wind flow, namely ventilation facilities in some roadways, it is divided into facilities for guiding wind flow and isolating wind flow, new large mine ventilation system is mainly diagonal and partition type, and the production mine under reconstruction is mainly mixed type, and most commonly used is ventilator.
The prior art published application number is CN 207454349U's a colliery safety ventilation equipment, has following drawback:
1. The patent adopts a single-layer filtering flow guiding structure, which causes incomplete filtering and has the problems of small flow guiding space, small flow, poor practicability and the like;
2. the patent adopts motor drive, violates the requirement of underground safety, and the use process is unsafe, so we propose a pneumatic safety ventilator for underground coal mine.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the invention provides a water-driven safety ventilator for underground coal mine, which comprises: the support plate is horizontally arranged; the safety ventilating tube is horizontally arranged at the upper end of the support plate; the safe ventilation tube is internally provided with a water-driven mechanism, a rotation generating mechanism and a ventilation mechanism, the safe ventilation tube starts the water-driven mechanism through water flow, the water-driven mechanism drives the rotation generating mechanism to rotate, the rotation generating mechanism drives the ventilation mechanism to fan, underground ventilation is formed, water energy is facilitated to be used as power energy, and the use safety is high.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a water-driven safety ventilator for underground coal mine, comprising:
the support plate is horizontally arranged; the safety ventilating tube is horizontally arranged at the upper end of the support plate;
the safe ventilation tube is internally provided with a water-driven mechanism, a rotation generating mechanism and a ventilation mechanism, the safe ventilation tube starts the water-driven mechanism through water flow, the water-driven mechanism drives the rotation generating mechanism to rotate, and the rotation of the rotation generating mechanism drives the ventilation mechanism to fan to form underground ventilation.
As a further optimization of the scheme, the rotation generating mechanism is located in the middle of the safe air funnel and comprises a shuttle-shaped guide cylinder which is horizontally arranged, at least three diamond-shaped mounting columns are arranged in an annular array in the middle of the outer side of the shuttle-shaped guide cylinder, and one ends, far away from the shuttle-shaped guide cylinder, of the three diamond-shaped mounting columns are fixedly connected with the inner wall of the safe air funnel.
As a further optimization of the above scheme, the safety ventilation tube is of a hollow elliptic structure, the left end and the right end of the shuttle-shaped guide tube are respectively communicated with one extension tube, one end of the two extension tubes far away from the shuttle-shaped guide tube is respectively connected with one ventilation mechanism, wherein the outer side of the right side extension tube is fixedly sleeved with an inflow ring, and the outer side of the right side extension tube is communicated with the inflow ring through at least six through holes.
As a further optimization of the scheme, the water-driven mechanism comprises a water outlet pipe and a water inlet pipe, wherein the upper end of the water inlet pipe is communicated with the lower end of the inflow ring, and the lower end of the water inlet pipe penetrates through the first channel on the bottom surface of the support plate and extends to the right side of the support plate;
the upper end of the water outlet pipe is communicated with the lower end of the extension cylinder at the left side, the lower end of the water outlet pipe penetrates through the second channel on the bottom surface of the support plate and extends to the left side of the support plate, and external threads are arranged on the outer sides of the lower ends of the water outlet pipe and the water inlet pipe.
As a further optimization of the scheme, at least ten diversion holes are formed in the left end portion and the right end portion of the shuttle-shaped guide cylinder in an equiangular manner in cooperation with the extension cylinder.
As a further optimization of the scheme, a central shaft is arranged in the shuttle-shaped guide cylinder, a spiral reducing rotating impeller is arranged on the outer side of the central shaft, and the outer side of the spiral reducing rotating impeller is attached to the inner wall of the shuttle-shaped guide cylinder.
As a further optimization of the scheme, the ventilation mechanism comprises a sealing cover and a rotating column positioned in the sealing cover, one end of the sealing cover is fixedly connected with the extension cylinder, the other end of the sealing cover is fixedly connected with one end of the mounting disc, and the outer side of the mounting disc is connected with the inner wall of the safety ventilation cylinder through at least six supporting rods;
One end of the rotating column is fixedly connected with the middle part of one end of the mounting plate through a short shaft, the middle part of the other end of the rotating column is fixedly connected with one end of a long shaft, one end of the long shaft penetrates through a round hole in the center of the end of the extending cylinder and extends into the extending cylinder, the outer side of the other end of the long shaft is connected with the end of the shuttle-type guide cylinder through a guide bearing, at least three surrounding rings are arranged on the outer side of the rotating column, and air suction blades are horizontally and equidistantly arranged on the outer side of the surrounding rings.
As a further optimization of the scheme, the other ends of the two long shafts are fixedly connected with the left end and the right end of the central shaft respectively.
As further optimization of the scheme, L-shaped fixing plates are symmetrically arranged on the left side and the right side of the lower end of the support plate and the left side and the right side of the upper end of the safety ventilation tube.
As a further optimization of the scheme, the left end and the right end of the safe ventilation tube are respectively provided with a round opening in a penetrating mode, and a round filter screen is arranged in the round opening.
The pneumatic safety ventilator for the underground coal mine has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the hydraulic safety ventilator for underground coal mines, the hydraulic mechanism is started by water flow, the hydraulic mechanism drives the rotation generation mechanism to rotate, the rotation generation mechanism rotates to drive the ventilation mechanism to fan, underground ventilation is formed, the structural fit is ingenious, the hydraulic safety ventilator is beneficial to water energy as power energy, motor driving is not needed, and the use safety is high.
2. The invention relates to a water-driven safety ventilator for underground coal mines, which is provided with a circular filter screen to form double dust removal and filtration for fanned air.
3. According to the water-driven safety ventilator for the underground coal mine, because the diameter of the diversion hole is smaller, when water flow enters the shuttle-type diversion cylinder from the right-side extension cylinder through the diversion hole, the pressure in the shuttle-type diversion cylinder is increased, and therefore the water flow speed is improved.
4. According to the hydraulic safety ventilator for underground coal mines, the spiral reducing rotating impeller is of an auger structure, the diameter of the middle part of the spiral reducing rotating impeller is largest, the diameters of the impeller blades at the two ends of the spiral reducing rotating impeller decrease gradually along the length direction, the loss rate (resisting force) when water passes through is low due to the fact that the diameters of the impeller blades at the two ends of the spiral reducing rotating impeller are smallest, enough large windward (conveying) surfaces are formed due to the fact that the diameters of the middle part of the spiral reducing rotating impeller are largest, enough flowing force is generated by water flow, the rotating speed of a central shaft is high, and accordingly ventilation blades are driven to rotate at high speed, transmission is stable, and ventilation effect is good.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side cross-sectional view of the safety vent structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a side cross-sectional view of the inlet ring and extension barrel structure of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a side cross-sectional view of a shuttle-type guide cylinder structure of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a side view of a diamond-shaped mounting post structure of the present invention.
In the figure: the device comprises a water outlet pipe 1, a support plate 2, a diversion hole 3, a water inlet pipe 4, external threads 5, a support rod 6, a mounting disc 7, a rotating column 8, a circular filter screen 9, an air suction blade 10, an inflow ring 11, an extension cylinder 12, a spiral reducing rotating impeller 13, a safety ventilation cylinder 14, a diamond-shaped mounting column 15, a shuttle-shaped diversion cylinder 16, a long shaft 17, a surrounding ring 18, an L-shaped fixing plate 19, a diversion bearing 20 and a through hole 21.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1-5, the present invention provides a technical solution: a water-operated safety ventilator for use downhole in a coal mine, comprising: a horizontally arranged support plate 2; a safety air funnel 14 horizontally installed at the upper end of the support plate 2; the water-driven mechanism, the rotation generating mechanism and the ventilation mechanism are arranged in the safety ventilation tube 14, the water-driven mechanism is started by water flow of the safety ventilation tube 14, the rotation generating mechanism is driven by the water-driven mechanism to rotate, the ventilation mechanism is driven by the rotation generating mechanism to generate fanning, underground ventilation is formed, the structural fit is ingenious, the water energy is favorably used as power energy, motor driving is not needed, and the use safety is high;
The rotation generating mechanism is positioned in the middle of the safe air funnel 14 and comprises a shuttle-shaped guide cylinder 16 which is horizontally arranged, at least three diamond-shaped mounting columns 15 are annularly arranged in the middle of the outer side of the shuttle-shaped guide cylinder 16, one ends of the three diamond-shaped mounting columns 15, which are far away from the shuttle-shaped guide cylinder 16, are fixedly connected with the inner wall of the safe air funnel 14, the safe air funnel 14 is of a hollow oval structure, the left end and the right end of the shuttle-shaped guide cylinder 16 are respectively communicated with one extension cylinder 12, one ends of the two extension cylinders 12, which are far away from the shuttle-shaped guide cylinder 16, are respectively connected with one ventilation mechanism, wherein the outer side of the right extension cylinder 12 is fixedly sleeved with an inflow ring 11, and the outer side of the right extension cylinder 12 is communicated with the inflow ring 11 through at least six through holes 21;
Referring specifically to fig. 1, the hydrodynamic mechanism includes a water outlet pipe 1 and a water inlet pipe 4 (one ends of the water outlet pipe 1 and the water inlet pipe 4 are respectively connected with an output end and a recovery end, which are not drawn by an external water source, and are very common in the art, and not described herein too much), the upper end of the water inlet pipe 4 is communicated with the lower end of the inflow ring 11, the lower end of the water inlet pipe 4 penetrates through a first channel on the bottom surface of the support plate 2 and extends to the right side of the support plate 2, the upper end of the water outlet pipe 1 is communicated with the lower end of a left extension cylinder 12, and the lower end of the water outlet pipe 1 penetrates through a second channel on the bottom surface of the support plate 2 and extends to the left side of the support plate 2, and external threads 5 are respectively arranged on the outer sides of the lower ends of the water outlet pipe 1 and the water inlet pipe 4;
At least ten guide holes 3 are formed in the left end part and the right end part of the shuttle-shaped guide cylinder 16, which are matched with the extension cylinder 12 at equal angles, a central shaft is arranged in the shuttle-shaped guide cylinder 16, a spiral reducing rotating impeller 13 is arranged on the outer side of the central shaft, the outer side of the spiral reducing rotating impeller 13 is attached to the inner wall of the shuttle-shaped guide cylinder 16, the arranged spiral reducing rotating impeller 13 is of an auger structure, the diameter of the middle part of the spiral reducing rotating impeller 13 is maximum, the diameter of the spiral reducing rotating impeller 13 decreases along the length direction, the impeller blade diameter of the two end parts of the spiral reducing rotating impeller 13 is minimum, so that the loss rate (resisting force) when water passes is low, and the diameter of the middle part of the spiral reducing rotating impeller 13 is maximum, so that enough facing (delivering) surface is generated by the water flow, and enough flowing force is generated, so that the rotating speed of the central shaft is high, the ventilation blades 10 are driven to rotate at high speed, and ventilation is formed, and the transmission is stable, and ventilation effect is good;
because the diameter of the diversion hole 3 is smaller, when water flow enters the shuttle-shaped diversion cylinder 16 from the right extension cylinder 12 through the diversion hole 3, the pressure in the shuttle-shaped diversion cylinder 16 is increased, thereby improving the water flow speed, realizing high-pressure water flow transmission and having high safety coefficient,
The ventilation mechanism comprises a sealing cover and a rotating column 8 positioned in the sealing cover, one end of the sealing cover is fixedly connected with an extension cylinder 12, the other end of the sealing cover is fixedly connected with one end of a mounting disc 7, the outer side of the mounting disc 7 is connected with the inner wall of a safety ventilation cylinder 14 through at least six struts 6, one end of the rotating column 8 is fixedly connected with the middle part of one end of the mounting disc 7 through a short shaft, the middle part of the other end of the rotating column 8 is fixedly connected with one end of a long shaft 17, one end of the long shaft 17 penetrates through a round hole in the center of the end part of the extension cylinder 12 and extends into the extension cylinder 12, the outer side of the other end of the long shaft 17 is connected with the end part of a shuttle-type guide cylinder 16 through a guide bearing 20, at least three surrounding rings 18 are arranged on the outer side of the rotating column 8, exhaust blades 10 are horizontally and equidistantly arranged on the outer sides of the surrounding rings 18, and the other ends of the two long shafts 17 are respectively fixedly connected with the left end and the right end of the central shaft;
The left and right sides of extension board 2 lower extreme and the left and right sides of safe air funnel 14 upper end all symmetry are provided with L shape fixed plate 19, and the left and right sides of safe air funnel 14 all runs through and is equipped with circular opening, is equipped with circular filter screen 9 in the circular opening, circular filter screen 9 of putting forms twice dust removal filtration to the air of fanning.
Working principle: when the invention is used, one ends of the water outlet pipe 1 and the water inlet pipe 4 are respectively connected with the output end and the recovery end of an external water source (not shown), the external water source is started to supply water into the water inlet pipe 4, water flows into the extension cylinder 12 through the inflow ring 11, when the water flows from the right extension cylinder 12 through the diversion hole 3 into the shuttle-type guide cylinder 16, the pressure in the shuttle-type guide cylinder 16 is increased, the water flows from the diversion hole 3 into the shuttle-type guide cylinder 16, the water flow speed is high, the water flows along the spiral reducing rotating impeller 13, thereby driving the spiral reducing rotating impeller 13 to rotate at a high speed, and the long shaft 17 is driven to rotate through the central shaft, so that the air suction blades 10 of the two ventilation mechanisms rotate in the same direction to form underground ventilation, and the water flows into the water outlet pipe 1 from the left extension cylinder 12 to form working circulation.
It should be understood that the invention is not limited to the preferred embodiments, but is intended to cover modifications, equivalents, or alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.

Claims (5)

1. A water-driven safety ventilator for underground coal mine is characterized in that: comprising the following steps:
A horizontally arranged support plate (2); a safety ventilation tube (14) horizontally arranged at the upper end of the support plate (2);
the safe ventilation tube (14) is internally provided with a water-driven mechanism, a rotation generating mechanism and a ventilation mechanism, the safe ventilation tube (14) starts the water-driven mechanism through water flow, the water-driven mechanism drives the rotation generating mechanism to rotate, and the rotation of the rotation generating mechanism drives the ventilation mechanism to fan to form underground ventilation;
The rotary generation mechanism is positioned in the middle of the safe ventilation tube (14), and comprises a shuttle-shaped guide tube (16) which is horizontally arranged, at least three diamond-shaped mounting columns (15) are annularly arranged in the middle of the outer side of the shuttle-shaped guide tube (16), and one end, far away from the shuttle-shaped guide tube (16), of each of the three diamond-shaped mounting columns (15) is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the safe ventilation tube (14);
The safe ventilation tube (14) is of a hollow elliptic structure, the left end and the right end of the shuttle-shaped guide tube (16) are respectively communicated with one extension tube (12), one end, far away from the shuttle-shaped guide tube (16), of each extension tube (12) is respectively connected with one ventilation mechanism, the outer side of the extension tube (12) on the right side is fixedly sleeved with a flow inlet ring (11), and the outer side of the extension tube (12) on the right side is communicated with the flow inlet ring (11) through at least six through holes (21);
a central shaft is arranged in the shuttle-shaped guide cylinder (16), a spiral reducing rotating impeller (13) is arranged on the outer side of the central shaft, and the outer side of the spiral reducing rotating impeller (13) is attached to the inner wall of the shuttle-shaped guide cylinder (16);
The ventilation mechanism comprises a sealing cover and a rotating column (8) positioned in the sealing cover, one end of the sealing cover is fixedly connected with the extension cylinder (12), the other end of the sealing cover is fixedly connected with one end of the mounting disc (7), and the outer side of the mounting disc (7) is connected with the inner wall of the safety ventilation cylinder (14) through at least six struts (6);
One end of the rotating column (8) is fixedly connected with the middle part of one end of the mounting plate (7) through a short shaft, the middle part of the other end of the rotating column (8) is fixedly connected with one end of a long shaft (17), one end of the long shaft (17) penetrates through a round hole in the center of the end part of the extending cylinder (12) and extends into the extending cylinder (12), the outer side of the other end of the long shaft (17) is connected with the end part of the shuttle-type guide cylinder (16) through a guide bearing (20), at least three surrounding rings (18) are arranged on the outer side of the rotating column (8), and exhaust blades (10) are horizontally and equidistantly arranged on the outer side of the surrounding rings (18);
the other ends of the two long shafts (17) are fixedly connected with the left end and the right end of the central shaft respectively.
2. A water powered safety ventilator for use downhole in a coal mine as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the water driving mechanism comprises a water outlet pipe (1) and a water inlet pipe (4), the upper end of the water inlet pipe (4) is communicated with the lower end of the inflow ring (11), and the lower end of the water inlet pipe (4) penetrates through a first channel on the bottom surface of the support plate (2) and extends to the right side of the support plate (2);
The upper end of the water outlet pipe (1) is communicated with the lower end of the extension cylinder (12) on the left side, the lower end of the water outlet pipe (1) penetrates through the second channel on the bottom surface of the support plate (2) and extends to the left side of the support plate (2), and external threads (5) are arranged on the outer sides of the lower ends of the water outlet pipe (1) and the water inlet pipe (4).
3. A water powered safety ventilator for use downhole in a coal mine as claimed in claim 1, wherein: at least ten diversion holes (3) are formed in the left end and the right end of the shuttle-shaped diversion cylinder (16) in an equiangular manner in cooperation with the extension cylinder (12).
4. A water powered safety ventilator for use downhole in a coal mine as claimed in claim 1, wherein: l-shaped fixing plates (19) are symmetrically arranged on the left side and the right side of the lower end of the support plate (2) and the left side and the right side of the upper end of the safety ventilation tube (14).
5. A water powered safety ventilator for use downhole in a coal mine as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the left end and the right end of the safe ventilation tube (14) are respectively provided with a round opening in a penetrating way, and a round filter screen (9) is arranged in the round opening.
CN201811064302.XA 2018-09-12 2018-09-12 Water-driven safety ventilator for underground coal mine Active CN109236342B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201811064302.XA CN109236342B (en) 2018-09-12 2018-09-12 Water-driven safety ventilator for underground coal mine

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201811064302.XA CN109236342B (en) 2018-09-12 2018-09-12 Water-driven safety ventilator for underground coal mine

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CN109236342B true CN109236342B (en) 2024-06-04

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CN113969347B (en) * 2020-07-23 2023-04-28 中冶长天国际工程有限责任公司 Nozzle, blowing structure and control method of blowing structure
CN115487616A (en) * 2022-09-13 2022-12-20 陈净 Green carbon neutralization equipment based on tunnel air purification
CN115539407A (en) * 2022-10-12 2022-12-30 广西佳尔通环境科技有限公司 Air high-pressure high-temperature device

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3306179A (en) * 1964-06-03 1967-02-28 Colt Ventilation & Heating Ltd Fan ventilator with air shroud means
CN1278042A (en) * 1999-06-18 2000-12-27 中国矿业大学 Mining hydraulic double-rotation pulse local ventilator
CN103225514A (en) * 2013-04-10 2013-07-31 太原理工大学 Mixed type mine dust falling agent automatic adding device
CN205154227U (en) * 2015-12-06 2016-04-13 西安科技大学 Mining auxiliary ventilating fan dryer air outlet device of toper regulation and control formula
CN206503734U (en) * 2016-08-24 2017-09-19 乌海市天裕工贸有限公司 A kind of low noise coal mine fan
CN209523772U (en) * 2018-09-12 2019-10-22 安徽建筑大学 Pneumatic safety ventilator for underground coal mine

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3306179A (en) * 1964-06-03 1967-02-28 Colt Ventilation & Heating Ltd Fan ventilator with air shroud means
CN1278042A (en) * 1999-06-18 2000-12-27 中国矿业大学 Mining hydraulic double-rotation pulse local ventilator
CN103225514A (en) * 2013-04-10 2013-07-31 太原理工大学 Mixed type mine dust falling agent automatic adding device
CN205154227U (en) * 2015-12-06 2016-04-13 西安科技大学 Mining auxiliary ventilating fan dryer air outlet device of toper regulation and control formula
CN206503734U (en) * 2016-08-24 2017-09-19 乌海市天裕工贸有限公司 A kind of low noise coal mine fan
CN209523772U (en) * 2018-09-12 2019-10-22 安徽建筑大学 Pneumatic safety ventilator for underground coal mine

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