CN109192410B - Light insulator core body for ultra-high voltage transmission line and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Light insulator core body for ultra-high voltage transmission line and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109192410B CN109192410B CN201811060328.7A CN201811060328A CN109192410B CN 109192410 B CN109192410 B CN 109192410B CN 201811060328 A CN201811060328 A CN 201811060328A CN 109192410 B CN109192410 B CN 109192410B
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B19/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing insulators or insulating bodies
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B17/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by their form
- H01B17/32—Single insulators consisting of two or more dissimilar insulating bodies
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- Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a light insulator core body for an ultra-high voltage transmission line and a preparation method thereof. The density of the light core material for the composite insulator of the ultra-high voltage transmission line prepared by the method is only 1/3 of the epoxy glass fiber composite material used by the current ultra-high voltage composite insulator, so that the weight of the current solid insulator for the ultra-high voltage transmission line can be reduced by more than 50%, and the light core material has the characteristics of excellent toughness of a polyurethane material, compact internal filling, few defects, excellent bonding force with a glass fiber reinforced plastic shell, excellent electrical insulating property and the like, and the use safety performance of the current ultra-high voltage transmission line is greatly improved. In addition, the preparation process is simple, complex machine equipment is not needed, the problem of resin core burning does not occur in the preparation process, and the preparation method is suitable for industrial mass production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of electrical composite materials, and particularly relates to a light insulator core body for an ultra-high voltage transmission line and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The ultra-high voltage power transmission has the remarkable advantages of large power transmission capacity, long transmission distance, low loss, power transmission corridor saving and the like. The composite insulator for the ultra-high voltage transmission line in China is formed by epoxy resin and glass fiber through a pultrusion process, and has the advantages of simple structure, excellent mechanical tensile strength, non-breakdown, excellent stain resistance and the like. However, the insulator has a solid structure, and as the voltage class is improved, the diameter and length of the insulator are required to be remarkably increased for insulation performance and use safety, so that a series of problems are caused. The increase of the size leads to the sharp increase of the weight of the insulator, and brings great inconvenience to transportation and installation; in addition, the problems of slow production efficiency, increased interface defects, difficult on-line detection, heat accumulation and core burning in the curing process and the like are also caused; in addition, along with the increase of the size, the contact surface area of the glass fiber and the epoxy resin is greatly increased, the internal defects are inevitably increased, the epoxy resin has the problem of brittleness, and the small defects are easy to form a cross section to cause safety accidents, so that the large-size solid insulator prepared from the epoxy glass fiber composite material has great potential safety hazards in use.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a preparation method of a light insulator core body for an ultra-high voltage transmission line. The density of the light core material for the composite insulator of the ultra-high voltage transmission line prepared by the method is only 1/3 of the epoxy glass fiber composite material used by the current ultra-high voltage composite insulator, so that the weight of the current solid insulator for the ultra-high voltage transmission line can be reduced by more than 50%, and the light core material has the characteristics of excellent toughness of a polyurethane material, compact internal filling, few defects, excellent bonding force with a glass fiber reinforced plastic shell, excellent electrical insulating property and the like, and the use safety performance of the current ultra-high voltage transmission line is greatly improved. In addition, the preparation process is simple, complex machine equipment is not needed, the problem of resin core burning does not occur in the preparation process, and the preparation method is suitable for industrial mass production.
A preparation method of a light insulator core body for an ultra-high voltage transmission line comprises the following steps:
(1) to contain [ -OH]Polyether component of (A), CFCl3The foaming agent, the foam stabilizer and the catalyst are uniformly mixed to form a component A which contains [ -NCO]The polyfunctional isocyanate component of (A) is a component B, both of which are based on [ -NCO [ ]]And [ -OH]The molar ratio of the polyurethane foam to the polyurethane foam is 1.0-1.2: 1, the stirring is stopped after the materials are uniform in color, the materials begin to foam in a container, and the low-density polyurethane rigid foam material is obtained after shaping and curing;
(2) processing the prepared polyurethane rigid foam material into cube balls with side length of about 5-8 mm by a foam cutting machine;
(3) putting the cube obtained in the step (2) into a ball milling tank of a ball mill, and performing ball milling to obtain polyurethane hard bubble beads with spherical or ellipsoidal surfaces;
(4) preparing polyurethane coating resin, wherein the coating polyurethane resin is A, B components which are uniformly mixed and have the same proportion as the step (1), and the component A does not contain CFCl3Putting the polyurethane hard foam small balls obtained in the step (3) into a beaker-shaped container, adding prepared polyurethane coating resin in batches to uniformly coat the surfaces of the small balls, pouring the coated small balls into a tray with a release agent brushed on the surface, putting the tray into a blast oven for curing, and curing the polyurethane resin coated on the surface to obtain the high-insulation polyurethane hard foam small balls coated on the surface, wherein the density of the high-insulation polyurethane hard foam small balls is about 0.30-0.50 g/cm3；
(5) Preparing a mold for preparing the core rod, uniformly coating a polyurethane release agent on the inner surface of the mold, and sealing the bottom end of the mold. Filling the polyurethane hard foam small balls prepared in the step into a mold cavity until the polyurethane hard foam small balls are full of the mold cavity, wherein the real volume of the filled small balls is about 40-45% of the volume of the mold cavity; preparing a two-component insulating polyurethane resin matrix, wherein a main agent is polyether polyol containing [ -OH ] and having good insulating property, a curing agent is an isocyanate compound containing [ -NCO ] and having good insulating property, and the main agent and the curing agent are mixed according to a molar ratio of [ -NCO ] to [ -OH ] of 1.0-1.2: 1, calculating and weighing, placing the mixture into a vacuum oven after uniformly stirring, vacuumizing and degassing, discharging gas after the gas in the mixture is completely removed, taking out the material, pouring the material into a mold filled with polyurethane hard foam beads to fill the gaps among the beads, then placing the mold into the oven to be cured at a certain temperature, and demolding after the polyurethane resin is completely cured to obtain the lightweight insulator core for the ultra-high voltage transmission line.
Preferably, the polyether component in the step (1) is one or more of polyoxypropylene polyol, polytetrahydrofuran polyol or vegetable oil polyol; the isocyanate component is polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate or liquefied diphenylmethane diisocyanate; the foam stabilizer is selected from organosilicon foam stabilizers for rigid polyurethane foam; the catalyst can be tertiary amine compounds of aliphatic amines, alicyclic amines and aromatic amines.
Preferably, the blowing agent CFCl in the step (1)3The addition amount of the foam stabilizer is 1/7-1/20% of the polyether component, the addition amount of the foam stabilizer is 0.5-1.5% of the mass of the polyether component, the addition amount of the catalyst is 0.5-1.5% of the mass of the polyether component, and the density of the prepared polyurethane rigid foam can be controlled to be 0.10-0.30 g/cm3And (3) a range.
The stirring speed in the step (1): stirring is carried out for 10-20 s at the rotating speed of 2000-3000 r/min, so that the foaming agent can be more uniformly dispersed in the material, and the prepared polyurethane foam has smaller diameter of foam holes, higher closed-cell rate and more uniform foam holes.
Preferably, the parameters of the ball milling in the step (3) are as follows: adding hard small balls with the volume of 1/4-1/5 and different diameters of 3-10 mm into the ball mill, and ball milling for 1-30 minutes at the rotating speed of 50-500 rpm until the small balls are ground into spherical or ellipsoidal shapes and no obvious edges or corners exist on the surfaces of the small balls. The hard small ball can be a steel ball or a ceramic ball and the like.
Preferably, the prepared polyurethane coating resin is added in the step (4) in batches, and the adding amount is 1/5-1/15 of the volume of the small ball. Addition of coating resinRotating the container or slowly stirring the pellets by using a glass rod and the like after one time to ensure that the surfaces of the pellets are uniformly coated, then pouring the coated pellets into a tray with a release agent brushed on the surface, then putting the tray into a blast oven to be cured for 1 to 4 hours at the temperature of between 60 and 100 ℃, and obtaining the surface-coated high-insulation polyurethane hard foam pellets after the surface of the pellets is coated with polyurethane resin to be hardened, wherein the density of the coated pellets is controlled to be between 0.30 and 0.50 g/cm3Better coating effect can be obtained, and meanwhile, the weight reduction effect of the small ball is ensured.
Preferably, the main agent of the two-component insulating polyurethane resin used in the step (5) is one or more of polypropylene oxide polyol, polytetrahydrofuran polyol or vegetable oil polyol; the curing agent is polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate or liquefied diphenylmethane diisocyanate; the molar ratio of the main agent to the curing agent is 1.05-1.1: 1.
the mold mentioned in said step (5) may be made of cast iron or stainless steel, and the inner surface is required to be smooth. The polyurethane release agent is common organic silicon or wax polyurethane release agent.
Preferably, the die in the step (5) is placed in a forced air oven to be cured for 2-8 hours at the temperature of 60-100 ℃.
Advantageous effects
The light-weight core material for filling the composite insulator of the ultra-high voltage transmission line, which is prepared by the invention, is compounded with low-density polyurethane hard foam balls filled with high-insulation gas by taking polyurethane resin with good toughness and high insulation as a matrix, and is prepared into a polyurethane light-weight composite core rod by a vacuum pouring process, wherein the density of the polyurethane light-weight composite core rod is less than 0.75g/cm3. The outer layer of the core rod is wound with glass fiber soaked with epoxy resin with a certain thickness, and the glass fiber is cured to form the lightweight insulator for the ultra-high voltage transmission line. Compared with the existing ultra-high voltage composite insulator, the insulator has the advantages of weight reduction of more than 50%, good toughness, compact internal filling and few defects, has excellent bonding force with a glass fiber reinforced plastic shell, has excellent electrical insulation performance, and meets the long-term safe use requirement of the existing ultra-high voltage environment composite insulator. In addition, the preparation process is simple, complex machine equipment is not needed, and no tree appears in the preparation processThe problem of burning cores by grease, and is suitable for industrial production. The polyurethane light material core filling insulator is popularized and applied in the ultra-high voltage transmission line, and has important significance for improving the safe operation of the ultra-high voltage transmission line in China and reducing the risk of accidents.
Detailed Description
The following examples are given for the detailed implementation and specific operation of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1
A preparation method of a light insulator core body for an ultra-high voltage transmission line comprises the following steps:
(1) 15 parts of tetrahydrofuran-propylene oxide copolyether with the mark of NG210, 45 parts of refined castor oil, 50025 parts of polyether MN, 411012 parts of polyether, 3 parts of diethylene glycol (total 100 parts), and CFCl37 parts of foaming agent, 88820.6 parts of foam stabilizer AK, 330.4 parts of catalyst A, uniformly mixing to obtain component A, and taking polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (PAPI) as component B, and weighing ([ -NCO) according to the A/B mass ratio of 1:0.65]And [ -OH]The molar ratio of the components is about 1.1), quickly stirring for 10-20 s at 3000 r/min by mechanical stirring, stopping stirring after the colors of the materials are uniform, quickly pouring the materials into a foaming mold, foaming, shaping and curing to obtain the product with the density of about 0.20 g/cm3The low-density polyurethane rigid foam material;
(2) processing the prepared rigid polyurethane foam material into cube small blocks with side length of about 5-8 mm by a foam cutting machine;
(3) putting the cube obtained in the step (2) into a ball milling tank of a ball mill, and performing ball milling to obtain polyurethane hard bubble beads with spherical or ellipsoidal surfaces; the parameters of ball milling are as follows: adding hard ceramic small balls with the volume of 1/4-1/5 and different diameters of 3-10 mm into a ball milling tank, then adding small blocks of polyurethane to be milled, filling the ball milling tank, and carrying out ball milling for 10-20 minutes at the rotating speed of 300-350 rpm until the small balls are ground into spherical or ellipsoidal shapes, and stopping ball milling when no obvious edge angle exists on the surface;
(4) preparing A, B component obtained in step (1) as coating resin, wherein the component A is not added with CFCl3A foaming agent, a catalyst and a foam stabilizer, wherein the foaming agent, the catalyst and the foam stabilizer are weighed according to the A/B mass ratio of 1:0.7 ([ -NCO)]And [ -OH]Is about 1.1). And (4) putting the polyurethane hard foam pellets obtained in the step (3) into a beaker-shaped container, and adding the prepared coating resin in 3-5 batches, wherein the total addition amount is 1/10 of the volume of the pellets. Rotating the container or slowly stirring the pellets by using a glass rod and the like after adding the coating resin once to uniformly coat the surfaces of the pellets, pouring the coated pellets into a tray with a release agent brushed on the surface, then putting the tray into a blast oven to be cured for 2 hours at 80 ℃, and obtaining the high-insulation polyurethane hard foam pellets with the densely-coated surfaces after the polyurethane resin is hardened after the surfaces of the pellets are coated with the polyurethane resin, wherein the density of the high-insulation polyurethane hard foam pellets is about 0.35 g/cm3。
(5) Preparing a mold for preparing the core rod, uniformly coating a polyurethane release agent on the inner surface of the mold, and sealing the bottom end of the mold. Filling the polyurethane hard foam balls prepared in the step into a mold cavity until the mold cavity is full of polyurethane hard foam balls; taking 15 parts of tetrahydrofuran-propylene oxide copolyether with the brand number of NG210, 45 parts of refined castor oil, 50025 parts of polyether MN, 411012 parts of polyether and 3 parts (total 100 parts) of diethylene glycol as a main agent, taking polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (PAPI) as a curing agent, weighing the two materials according to the mass ratio of A to B of 1:0.70, wherein the molar ratio of (-NCO) to (-OH) is about 1.1, mixing and stirring uniformly, putting the mixture into a vacuum oven, vacuumizing and degassing, discharging gas after the gas in the mixture is completely removed, taking out the material, pouring the material into a mold filled with polyurethane hard foam pellets to fill gaps among the pellets, putting the mold into the oven, curing at the temperature of 80-100 ℃ for 2-4 hours, taking out and cooling to room temperature, and demolding to obtain the lightweight insulator core for the ultra-high voltage transmission line.
The lightweight insulator core material for the ultra-high voltage transmission line prepared by the method in the embodiment (1) has the following properties:
the material is used as a straight lineThe diameter is 320mm, the wall thickness is 20mm, and the density of the wall body material is 2.2g/cm3The weight reduction proportion of the core body material of the glass fiber reinforced plastic extra-high voltage composite insulator can reach 51.2 percent.
Example 2
A preparation method of a light insulator core body for an ultra-high voltage transmission line comprises the following steps:
(1) 52 parts of refined castor oil, 50035 parts of polyether MN, 411010 parts of polyether, 3 parts of diethylene glycol (total 100 parts), and CFCl310 parts of foaming agent, 1580.6 parts of foam stabilizer AK, 330.4 parts of catalyst A, uniformly mixing to obtain component A, and taking polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (PAPI) as component B, and weighing ([ -NCO) according to the A/B mass ratio of 1:0.8]And [ -OH]The molar ratio of (1.1) and rapidly stirring for 10-20 s at 2000-3000 r/min by mechanical stirring, stopping stirring after the materials are uniform in color, rapidly pouring the materials into a foaming mold, foaming, shaping and curing to obtain the product with the density of 0.21kg/cm3The low-density polyurethane rigid foam material;
(2) processing the prepared rigid polyurethane foam material into cube small blocks with side length of about 5-8 mm by a foam cutting machine;
(3) putting the cube obtained in the step (2) into a ball milling tank of a ball mill, and performing ball milling to obtain polyurethane hard bubble beads with spherical or ellipsoidal surfaces; the parameters of ball milling are as follows: adding hard ceramic small balls with the volume of 1/4-1/5 and different diameters of 3-10 mm into a ball milling tank, then adding small blocks of polyurethane to be milled, filling the ball milling tank, and carrying out ball milling for 10-20 minutes at the rotating speed of 300-350 rpm until the small balls are ground into spherical or ellipsoidal shapes, and stopping ball milling when no obvious edge angle exists on the surface;
(4) preparing A, B component obtained in step (1) as coating resin, wherein the component A is not added with CFCl3A foaming agent, a catalyst and a foam stabilizer, wherein the foaming agent, the catalyst and the foam stabilizer are weighed according to the A/B mass ratio of 1:0.75 ([ -NCO)]And [ -OH]Is about 1.1). And (4) putting the polyurethane hard foam pellets obtained in the step (3) into a beaker-shaped container, and adding the prepared coating resin in 3-5 batches, wherein the total addition amount is 1/10 of the volume of the pellets. Rotating the container or using glass rods or the like after each addition of coating resinAnd slowly stirring the pellets to uniformly coat the surfaces of the pellets, pouring the coated pellets into a tray with a release agent brushed on the surfaces, putting the tray into a blast oven to be cured for 2 hours at 80 ℃, and curing the polyurethane resin coated on the surfaces of the pellets for 2 hours to obtain the high-insulation polyurethane hard foam pellets coated on the surfaces.
(5) Preparing a mold for preparing the core rod, uniformly coating a polyurethane release agent on the inner surface of the mold, and sealing the bottom end of the mold. Filling the polyurethane hard foam balls prepared in the step into a mold cavity until the mold cavity is full of polyurethane hard foam balls; taking 15 parts of tetrahydrofuran-propylene oxide copolyether with the brand number of NG210, 45 parts of refined castor oil, 50025 parts of polyether MN, 411012 parts of polyether and 3 parts (total 100 parts) of diethylene glycol as a main agent, taking polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (PAPI) as a curing agent, weighing the two materials according to the mass ratio of A to B of 1:0.70, wherein the molar ratio of (-NCO) to (-OH) is about 1.1, mixing and stirring uniformly, putting the mixture into a vacuum oven, vacuumizing and degassing, discharging gas after the gas in the mixture is completely removed, taking out the material, pouring the material into a mold filled with polyurethane hard foam pellets to fill gaps among the pellets, putting the mold into the oven, curing at the temperature of 80-100 ℃ for 2-4 hours, taking out and cooling to room temperature, and demolding to obtain the lightweight insulator core for the ultra-high voltage transmission line.
The lightweight insulator core material for the ultra-high voltage transmission line prepared by the method of the embodiment (2) has the following properties:
the material has a diameter of 320mm, a wall thickness of 20mm and a wall density of 2.2g/cm3The weight reduction proportion of the core body material of the glass fiber reinforced plastic extra-high voltage composite insulator can reach 51.1%.
Example 3
A preparation method of a light insulator core body for an ultra-high voltage transmission line comprises the following steps:
(1) 50 parts of refined castor oil, 50035 parts of polyether MN, 411015 parts of polyether (total 100 parts), and CFCl310 parts of foaming agent and 1580.6 parts of foam stabilizer AK 1580.6 parts330.4 parts of catalyst A, uniformly mixing the components to obtain component A, taking liquefied diphenylmethane diisocyanate (C-MDI) as component B, and weighing ([ -NCO) and the component B according to the mass ratio of A to B of 1:0.70]And [ -OH]The molar ratio of (1.07)) is about 1.07), the materials are quickly stirred for 10-20 s at 2000-3000 r/min by mechanical stirring, after the colors of the materials are uniform, the stirring is stopped, the materials are quickly poured into a foaming mold, the materials are foamed, shaped and solidified to form the material with the density of 0.21 g/cm3The low-density polyurethane rigid foam material;
(2) processing the prepared rigid polyurethane foam material into cube small blocks with side length of about 5-8 mm by a foam cutting machine;
(3) putting the cube obtained in the step (2) into a ball milling tank of a ball mill, and performing ball milling to obtain polyurethane hard bubble beads with spherical or ellipsoidal surfaces; the parameters of ball milling are as follows: adding hard ceramic small balls with the volume of 1/4-1/5 and different diameters of 3-10 mm into a ball milling tank, then adding small blocks of polyurethane to be milled, filling the ball milling tank, and carrying out ball milling for 10-20 minutes at the rotating speed of 300-350 rpm until the small balls are ground into spherical or ellipsoidal shapes, and stopping ball milling when no obvious edge angle exists on the surface;
(4) preparing A, B component obtained in step (1) as coating resin, wherein the component A is not added with CFCl3A foaming agent, a catalyst and a foam stabilizer, wherein the foaming agent, the catalyst and the foam stabilizer are weighed according to the A/B mass ratio of 1:0.65 ([ -NCO)]And [ -OH]Is about 1.1). And (4) putting the polyurethane hard foam pellets obtained in the step (3) into a beaker-shaped container, and adding the prepared coating resin in 3-5 batches, wherein the total addition amount is 1/10 of the volume of the pellets. And (3) rotating the container or slowly stirring the pellets by using a glass rod and the like after the coating resin is added once to uniformly coat the surfaces of the pellets, pouring the coated pellets into a tray with a release agent brushed on the surface, then putting the tray into a blast oven to be cured for 2 hours at the temperature of 80 ℃, and obtaining the surface-coated high-insulation polyurethane hard foam pellets after the surface of the pellets is coated with polyurethane resin and hardened.
(5) Preparing a mold for preparing the core rod, uniformly coating a polyurethane release agent on the inner surface of the mold, and sealing the bottom end of the mold. Filling the polyurethane hard foam balls prepared in the step into a mold cavity until the mold cavity is full of polyurethane hard foam balls; taking 15 parts of tetrahydrofuran-propylene oxide copolyether with the brand number of NG210, 45 parts of refined castor oil, 50025 parts of polyether MN, 411012 parts of polyether and 3 parts (total 100 parts) of diethylene glycol as a main agent, taking polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (PAPI) as a curing agent, weighing the two materials according to the mass ratio of A to B of 1:0.70, wherein the molar ratio of (-NCO) to (-OH) is about 1.1, mixing and stirring uniformly, putting the mixture into a vacuum oven, vacuumizing and degassing, discharging gas after the gas in the mixture is completely removed, taking out the material, pouring the material into a mold filled with polyurethane hard foam pellets to fill gaps among the pellets, putting the mold into the oven, curing at the temperature of 80-100 ℃ for 2-4 hours, taking out and cooling to room temperature, and demolding to obtain the lightweight insulator core for the ultra-high voltage transmission line.
The lightweight insulator core material for the ultra-high voltage transmission line prepared by the method in the embodiment (3) has the following properties:
the material has a diameter of 320mm, a wall thickness of 20mm and a wall density of 2.2g/cm3The weight reduction proportion of the core body material of the glass fiber reinforced plastic extra-high voltage composite insulator can reach 51.1%.
Comparative example 1
The composite insulator used in the extra-high voltage environment and prepared by the Beijing glass fiber reinforced plastic institute composite company by the pultrusion process has the following dimensions: the diameter is 320mm, the length is 4500mm, and the density is 2.20g/cm3The total weight was 796 kg. The surface resistivity was measured to be 6.4X 1012Omega, volume resistivity of 5.1X 1014Omega. m, breakdown voltage 20.8 kv/mm.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a light insulator core body for an ultra-high voltage transmission line is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) to contain [ -OH]Polyether component of (A), CFCl3The foaming agent, the foam stabilizer and the catalyst are uniformly mixed to form a component A which contains [ -NCO]The polyfunctional isocyanate component of (A) is a component B, both of which are based on [ -NCO [ ]]And [ -OH]The molar ratio of the polyurethane foam to the polyurethane foam is 1.0-1.2: 1, the stirring is stopped after the materials are uniform in color, the materials begin to foam in a container, and the low-density polyurethane rigid foam material is obtained after shaping and curing;
(2) processing the prepared polyurethane rigid foam material into cube small blocks with side length of 5-8 mm by a foam cutting machine;
(3) putting the cube obtained in the step (2) into a ball milling tank of a ball mill, and performing ball milling to obtain spherical or ellipsoidal polyurethane hard bubble pellets;
(4) preparing polyurethane coating resin without adding CFCl3The component A and the component B of the foaming agent, the catalyst and the foam stabilizer are mixed uniformly according to the same proportion ratio of A, B, the polyurethane hard foam pellets obtained in the step (3) are placed in a beaker-shaped container, prepared polyurethane coating resin is added in batches to uniformly coat the surfaces of the pellets, then the coated pellets are poured into a tray with a release agent on the surface, and then the tray is placed in a blast oven for curing, and after the polyurethane coating resin on the surface is hardened, the high-insulation polyurethane hard foam pellets with the coated surfaces are obtained;
(5) preparing a mould for preparing the core body, uniformly coating a polyurethane release agent on the inner surface of the mould, sealing the bottom end of the mould, and filling the polyurethane hard foam balls prepared in the step into the cavity of the mould until the mould is full of polyurethane hard foam balls; preparing a two-component insulating polyurethane resin matrix, wherein a main agent is polyether polyol containing [ -OH ] and having good insulating property, a curing agent is isocyanate compound containing [ -NCO ] and having good insulating property, the main agent and the curing agent are weighed according to the molar ratio of [ -NCO ] to [ -OH ] of 1.0-1.2: 1, the main agent and the curing agent are placed into a vacuum oven for vacuumizing and degassing after being uniformly stirred, the mixture is degassed after gas in the mixture is completely removed, the mixture is taken out and poured into a mold for filling polyurethane hard foam pellets to fill gaps among the pellets, then the mold is placed into the oven for curing at a certain temperature, and after the polyurethane resin is completely cured, the mold is removed to obtain the lightweight insulator core for the ultra-high voltage transmission line.
2. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the polyether component in the step (1) is one or more of polyoxypropylene polyol, polytetrahydrofuran polyol or vegetable oil polyol; the isocyanate component is polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate or liquefied diphenylmethane diisocyanate; the foam stabilizer is selected from organosilicon foam stabilizers for rigid polyurethane foam; the catalyst is tertiary amine compound of aliphatic amine, alicyclic amine and aromatic amine.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the CFCl in step (1)3The addition amount of the foaming agent is 1/7-1/20% of the mass of the polyether component, the addition amount of the foam stabilizer is 0.5-2% of the mass of the polyether component, the addition amount of the catalyst is 0.5-2% of the mass of the polyether component, and the density of the prepared low-density polyurethane hard foam material is controlled to be 0.10-0.30 g/cm3In the meantime.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the stirring speed in the step (1) is 1000 to 10000 rpm for 10 to 20 seconds.
5. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the parameters of the ball milling in the step (3) are as follows: adding hard small balls with the volume of 1/4-1/5 and different diameters of 3-10 mm into the ball mill, and ball-milling for 1-30 minutes at the rotating speed of 50-500 rpm until cube small blocks are ground into spherical or ellipsoidal shapes and the ball milling is stopped when no obvious edge angle exists on the surface; the hard small ball is a steel ball or a ceramic ball.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the prepared polyurethane coating resin is added in the step (4) in divided portions in the amount of polyurethane hard foam beads1/5-1/15 of the total volume, after the coating resin is added once, the container is rotated or the pellets are slowly stirred by a glass rod, the surfaces of the pellets are uniformly coated, then the coated pellets are poured into a tray with a release agent brushed on the surface, the tray is put into a blast oven to be cured for 1-4 hours at the temperature of 60-100 ℃, after the surface of the pellets is coated with polyurethane resin to be hardened, the surface-coated high-insulation polyurethane hard foam pellets are obtained, and the density of the coated pellets is controlled to be 0.30-0.50 g/cm3。
7. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the high-insulation polyurethane hard foam beads prepared in the step (4) are filled into the prepared mold cavity until the mold cavity is filled with the high-insulation polyurethane hard foam beads, and the actual volume of the filled beads is 40-45% of the volume of the mold cavity.
8. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the main agent in the step (5) is one or more of polyoxypropylene polyol, polytetrahydrofuran polyol or vegetable oil polyol; the curing agent is polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate or liquefied diphenylmethane diisocyanate.
9. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the mold in the step (5) is placed in a forced air oven to be cured for 2-8 hours at 60-100 ℃.
10. A lightweight insulator core for ultra-high voltage transmission lines prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 9.
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