CN109176101B - Clamp for finish machining of inner hole of piston ring - Google Patents
Clamp for finish machining of inner hole of piston ring Download PDFInfo
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- CN109176101B CN109176101B CN201811359504.7A CN201811359504A CN109176101B CN 109176101 B CN109176101 B CN 109176101B CN 201811359504 A CN201811359504 A CN 201811359504A CN 109176101 B CN109176101 B CN 109176101B
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- piston ring
- hole
- positioning
- shaft
- base body
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
- B23Q3/12—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine for securing to a spindle in general
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B41/00—Boring or drilling machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor
- B23B41/06—Boring or drilling machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor for boring conical holes
Abstract
The invention discloses a clamp for finish machining of an inner hole of a piston ring, which comprises a clamp body, a positioning shaft and a piston ring, wherein the clamp body comprises a clamp base body and a clamping mechanism, the clamp base body is clamped on a three-jaw machine tool through a machine tool clamping part of the clamp base body, the positioning shaft is provided with a positioning hole, the positioning shaft can be inserted into the positioning hole to complete combination, a soft strip is used for wrapping the excircle of the piston ring in a combined state, the piston ring is sleeved in the positioning shaft to complete positioning, the clamping mechanism fixes the piston ring after positioning, the positioning shaft is pulled out of the positioning hole to complete splitting, and then finish machining of the inner hole of the piston ring is completed The special machine tool and the transformed common machine tool can generate considerable economic benefits while ensuring the production efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of machining, in particular to a clamp for finish machining of an inner hole of a piston ring.
Background
The piston ring is a common part in an engine, the appearance of the piston ring is in a ring shape, and the piston ring is a key part for the piston movement of the engine, so that the inner surface and the outer surface of the piston ring have higher size requirements, surface quality requirements and circular runout requirements; in the prior art, a common machine tool usually clamps the outer circle of a piston ring by three claws or four claws to process the inner hole, the mode has high positioning accuracy, but the outer circle of the piston ring has higher size requirement and surface quality requirement, and the clamping mode of rigid contact of the three claws or the four claws is very easy to cause the surface quality of the outer circle of the piston ring to be damaged or even cause deformation;
if flexible materials such as copper sheets are adopted to wrap the outer circle of the piston ring for protection, the surface quality cannot be damaged, but due to the fact that the thicknesses of the materials are different, if three-jaw clamping is adopted, errors generated by the protection mode can cause out-of-tolerance of circular runout in a finishing process, for example, the thickness dimensional tolerance of a common strip-shaped material is +/-0.05 mm, and if the circular runout requirement of the piston ring is within 0.05mm, the out-of-tolerance of the circular runout of the piston ring can be caused; if four claws are used for clamping, the protection mode needs to ensure that the piston ring is coaxial with a main shaft of a machine tool by adjusting the positions of the four claws before each piston ring is processed, and the production efficiency is low due to time and labor consumption;
the piston rings are machined by customizing special machine tools or modifying common machine tools in some engine factories, but the cost of the special machine tools and modifying common machine tools is too high, the annual output of the piston rings is high in the engine factories which produce the engines in a large scale, for example, the annual output of the engine factories is 20W, the cost investment can generate good economic benefit, but in some engine maintenance factories, various parts which need to be replaced are machined according to the damaged parts and the damaged degree of the engine, the production type is medium-small scale production, for example, only 5000 piston rings which are used as maintenance parts need to be produced in the year, and the economic benefit which can be generated by purchasing the special machine tools or modifying the common machine tools with higher cost is not high.
In conclusion, for enterprises with middle and small batches of production types, the difficulty of ensuring the size of the inner hole of the piston ring after finish machining, not damaging the quality of the outer circle of the piston ring, and ensuring the production efficiency and the economic benefit becomes a problem faced by the enterprises.
Disclosure of Invention
The noun explains:
nominal size: in machine labeling, dimensions that are not toleranced, in machine manufacturing, are often combined with nominal dimensions and tolerances to indicate the range of actual dimensions, the tolerances being the difference between the maximum and minimum of the actual dimensions, for example: existing size
Then a is the nominal size followed by the tolerance of the nominal size, with the actual size ranging from a + T2 to a + T1.
Rotation precision: the revolving body is clamped on a chuck of the machine tool and rotates along with a main shaft of the machine tool to obtain a circular runout value.
And (3) coloring inspection: smearing color oily paint (such as red lead) which can be wiped off in the conical hole surface to ensure that the conical hole surface is completely covered, inserting the shaft with the conical surface into the conical hole to be in taper fit, rotating the shaft clockwise or anticlockwise, taking out the shaft for observation, and observing the covering condition of the conical surface color oily paint (such as red lead) on the shaft.
The sealing strength: after the color check method, the taper of the resulting shaft is covered with a percentage of colored oil paint (e.g., red lead).
Sealing: applying a coloring inspection method to coat the conical surface of the shaft with a colored oil paint (such as red lead).
Circular run-out: it is the difference between the maximum and minimum readings measured by a fixed indicator (usually a combination of a magnetometer stand + a dial or a dial gauge) in a given direction during one revolution of the element about the reference axis.
Three claws: the machine tool accessory is specifically provided with three movable clamping jaws which are uniformly distributed on a chuck body of the machine tool, and the clamping jaws are matched with a chuck to have a self-centering effect and can move along the radial direction of the chuck of the machine tool so as to fix a workpiece.
Four claws: the machine tool accessory is specifically provided with four movable clamping jaws which are uniformly distributed on a chuck body of the machine tool, has no self-centering function, and can move along the radial direction of a chuck of the machine tool to fix a workpiece.
The invention aims to provide a fixture for finish machining of an inner hole of a piston ring, which aims at solving the problems that the annual output of the piston ring is low, the production type is a medium-small batch type enterprise, the size and the surface quality of the piston ring cannot be ensured by using a traditional machine tool, and the production cost is high by modifying the machine tool or purchasing a special machine tool:
the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a clamp for finish machining of an inner hole of a piston ring comprises a clamp body, a positioning shaft and the piston ring; the piston ring is a processed part and is of a tubular structure and comprises a piston ring inner hole and a piston ring outer circle; the clamp body comprises a clamp base body and a clamping mechanism; the fixture base body is an integrated whole of a stepped shaft structure and comprises a machine tool clamping part and a part processing part, wherein the machine tool clamping part is a small shaft part of the stepped shaft structure, and the part processing part is a large shaft part of the stepped shaft structure; the clamping mechanisms are arranged in the part processing part and are distributed in a plurality of circumferential arrays along the rotary central shaft of the clamp base body; the positioning shaft is a shaft part and comprises a part A and a part B, a positioning hole is arranged in the clamp base body, the central axis of the positioning hole is coaxial with the central axis of the clamp base body, the part A can be inserted into the positioning hole, so that the positioning shaft is combined with the clamp base body, when the combination is completed, the central axis of the positioning shaft is coaxial with the central axis of the clamp base body, and the part A can also be pulled out of the positioning hole, so that the positioning shaft is separated from the clamp base body; the portion B can be clearance fitted with the piston ring inner bore, the clearance fitting existing before machining of the piston ring inner bore.
The invention aims to provide a clamp which can be used in a common machine tool to finish machining an inner hole of a piston ring, and the clamp can not cause the quality damage of the outer surface of the piston ring while ensuring the size, so that the design is adopted, and the overall design scheme is as follows:
the process design utilizes the self-positioning of the inner hole of the piston ring to change the traditional positioning processing into quantitative processing, the processing allowance of the surface of the inner hole is uniformly removed after the positioning, and the design scheme adopts the design thought as above: the inner hole of the piston ring is subjected to finish machining, the process is arranged on a grinding machine or a numerical control lathe for machining, the clamp body is designed into a machine tool clamping part and a part machining part aiming at the characteristics of the two devices, the part machining part is used for machining the piston ring, the machine tool clamping part is used for connecting a machine tool and the clamp body, three claws of the machine tool can clamp the machine tool clamping part, so that the machine tool is connected with the clamp body, and the clamp body can synchronously rotate a main shaft of the machine tool; the positioning shaft is used for positioning an inner hole of a piston ring, the positioning shaft is divided into a part A and a part B, a positioning hole is formed in the clamp base body, the part A can be inserted into the positioning hole to be combined with the clamp body, when the positioning shaft and the clamp body are combined, the outer circle of the piston ring is wrapped by copper sheets or other soft strip materials, and then the piston ring is sleeved on the part B to be in clearance fit with the inner hole of the piston ring, so that the positioning shaft is used for positioning the piston ring;
the clamping mechanism is used for fixing the piston ring, and can clamp the outer circle of the piston ring to fix the piston ring after the piston ring is positioned by the positioning shaft, so that the outer circle of the piston ring cannot be damaged due to the protection of the soft strip;
because the part A can be pulled out of the positioning hole, the positioning shaft is separated from the clamp body, after the clamping mechanism fixes the piston ring, the positioning shaft is separated from the clamp body, so that the matching between the part B and the inner hole of the piston ring is relieved, the spindle of the machine tool is controlled to rotate at the moment, the piston ring on the clamp body is driven to rotate, and the machining of the inner hole of the piston ring by using cutting tools such as a turning tool, a grinding wheel and the like is completed in the rotating process.
In the whole machining process, the machine tool clamping part and the part machining part are coaxial, and the machine tool clamping part is fixed with the three claws of the machine tool, so that a machine tool spindle and a central shaft of a clamp base body have a coaxial relation X; in addition, when the positioning shaft and the clamp base body are combined, the central shaft of the positioning shaft is coaxial with the central shaft of the clamp base body, and the part B is in clearance fit with the inner hole of the piston ring, so that when the positioning shaft and the clamp base body are combined, the central shaft of the inner hole of the piston ring and the central shaft of the clamp base body have a coaxial relation Y; in conclusion, due to the coaxial relation X and the coaxial relation Y, the axial leads of a machine tool main shaft, a clamp base body central shaft and a piston ring inner hole central shaft are consistent, the piston ring inner hole is self-positioned by a positioning shaft, the piston ring inner hole is quantitatively processed, and the outer circle of the piston ring is wrapped and protected by a soft strip material in the processing process, so that the aim of finely processing the piston ring inner hole is well fulfilled while the quality of the outer circle of the piston ring is not damaged, and the invention is used on a common machine tool such as a grinding machine or a numerical control lathe, so that enterprises of small and medium batch production types do not need to purchase a special machine tool or reform the common machine tool or adopt a four-jaw machine tool to process, before each piece of piston ring is processed, the piston ring is coaxial with the machine tool main shaft by adjusting the four-jaw position, and the batch processing of, the production efficiency is ensured while the cost is saved and better economic benefit is brought for enterprises in medium and small batch production.
Further, the positioning shaft comprises a straight section part and a cone part, the part A is the cone part, the part B is the straight section part, the cone part is in the shape of a circular truncated cone, the positioning hole is a cone hole, the cone part and the positioning hole are in taper fit, the straight section part is in the shape of a cylinder, and the straight section part is located at the front end of the cone part. The A part and the positioning hole are in taper fit, which is different from the clearance fit of the traditional cylindrical hole and the cylindrical shaft, because the manufacturing error exists, the cylindrical hole and the cylindrical shaft can not be completely consistent, the actual matching state of the cylindrical hole shaft is interference fit or clearance fit, compared with the interference fit, the taper fit is easy to disassemble, the switching between the combination and the disassembly states of the positioning shaft and the clamp base body is convenient to realize, compared with the clearance fit, due to the conical surface characteristic of taper fit, when the hole shafts have axial relative motion tendency, mutual extrusion force can be generated among the conical surfaces, the extrusion force can completely eliminate the gap between the conical surfaces of the positioning shaft and the positioning hole, so that the conical surfaces of the positioning shaft and the positioning hole are jointed, errors generated in processing due to the existence of the gap are avoided, and the machining precision of the inner hole of the piston ring is improved, and the axial relative movement trend is generated in the process of inserting the part A into the positioning hole.
Furthermore, the positioning shaft further comprises a guide part, the guide part is located at the front end of the straight section part, the guide part is cylindrical in shape, and the shaft diameter of the guide part is smaller than that of the straight section part. The design of guide part is convenient for establish the piston ring cover and is gone into to accomplish the location in the straight section, also is convenient for handheld convenient operator simultaneously inserts and takes out from the locating hole with the location axle.
Furthermore, the maximum clearance fit amount of the part B and the inner hole of the piston ring is determined by the piston ring inner hole to piston ring outer circle run-out value after machining and the rotation precision of a machine tool, the maximum clearance fit amount is T, the rotation precision of the machine tool is P, the piston ring inner hole inner circle run-out value after machining is S, and then T + P<S, the maximum clearance fit value is the clearance fit value when the part B is the minimum limit size and the inner hole of the piston ring is the maximum limit size. During the processing, the accumulated error is ensured to be smaller than the circular runout to be achieved by the inner hole of the piston ring, the accumulated error consists of the maximum clearance matching amount and the rotation precision of the machine tool, and the dimension of the position shaft is set to be
The size of the positioning hole is
The rotation precision P of the machine tool, the circular runout value S of the inner hole of the piston ring, the maximum clearance fit quantity T of the positioning shaft and the positioning hole, and the minimum limit size of the positioning shaft AminThe maximum limit size of the positioning shaft is AMAXThen A ismin＝A+t1,AMAXWhen the positioning shaft is at the minimum limit size and the positioning hole is at the maximum limit size, the positioning shaft is A + T2With a maximum clearance fit T, i.e. T ═ AMAX-AminT2-T1, then T2-T1+ P<S。
Furthermore, the fixture body further comprises a set screw, a screw hole is formed in the fixture base body, the set screw is connected into the screw hole in a threaded mode, the axis of the screw hole is perpendicular to the central axis of the fixture base body, and the screw hole penetrates through the outer revolution surface of the fixture base body to the hole surface of the positioning hole. When the positioning shaft is combined with the clamp base body, the central shaft of the positioning shaft is coaxial with the central shaft of the clamp base body, the positioning shaft is used for frequently sleeving an inner hole of a piston ring in actual processing, the positioning shaft is abraded after long-term use, and if the positioning shaft is not stored or used properly, the deformation of the positioning shaft is caused, so that the coaxiality of the central shaft of the positioning shaft and the central shaft of the clamp base body is beyond the tolerance, at the moment, the positioning shaft and the clamp base body need to be repaired, in order to ensure the coaxial relationship of the positioning shaft and the clamp base body, the positioning shaft and the clamp base body need to be temporarily fixed, the fastening screw presses the positioning shaft on the hole surface of the positioning hole through spiral transmission, the temporary fixation of the positioning shaft and the clamp.
Furthermore, the clamping mechanism comprises a pin, a pressing block and a pressing bolt, a piston ring accommodating hole is formed in the end face of the part processing part, and the piston ring accommodating hole is positioned in front of the positioning hole and is coaxial with the positioning hole; the end surface of the part processing part is also provided with a pressing block accommodating groove, a pressing block opening is arranged on the pressing block accommodating groove, and the pressing block opening is positioned on the hole surface of the piston ring accommodating hole; a bolt hole is formed in the part machining part and penetrates from the outer revolution surface of the part machining part to the top surface of the pressing block accommodating groove; the top surface of the pressing block is provided with a bolt through hole, the pressing block is provided with an M side surface and an N side surface which are opposite in position, the M side surface is provided with pin holes, the pin holes are symmetrically arranged at two sides of the bolt through hole, and the pin holes penetrate through the M side surface of the pressing block to the N side surface of the pressing block through the hole surface of the bolt through hole; the compression bolt consists of a threaded part and a threaded part rear bolt end cover, pin accommodating grooves are formed in the tail end of the threaded part and are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the rotation center line of the threaded part, and the forming direction of the pin accommodating grooves is parallel to the radial direction of the threaded part; the combination mode of the clamping mechanism is as follows: the threaded portion with the bolt hole forms threaded connection A, the terminal of threaded portion can hold in bolt via hole forms holds assembly B, threaded connection A with hold and equip B and form the back, the pin can interference fit in the pin hole, and pass the pin holding tank for pin, briquetting and housing bolt become an inseparable integrated unit. The clamping mechanism is a preferable structure of the invention, and the pressing block at the front end of the clamping mechanism fixes the piston ring through the screw transmission of the pressing bolt, thereby finishing the processing.
Furthermore, the clamping mechanisms are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the clamp base body. The design is convenient for processing and manufacturing and is beneficial to actual operation.
Furthermore, the bottom surface of the pressing block is provided with a pressing surface, the pressing surface is an arc surface, the diameter of the arc surface is smaller than the excircle diameter of the piston ring, the circle center of the arc surface is located on the symmetrical center line of the pressing block, the side surface of the pressing block is provided with an elastic groove, the elastic groove is a through groove, the symmetrical center line of the elastic groove is located on the circle center of the pressing surface, the elastic groove is provided with an elastic opening, and the elastic opening is located on the pressing surface. Because the diameter of arc surface is less than piston ring excircle diameter, so at the in-process of clamping atress, the briquetting can have certain elastic deformation, can make the arc surface of briquetting front end fully laminate piston ring excircle surface, guarantees both to be face contact, and the line contact that forms between the two that avoids manufacturing error to cause part stress concentration to take place to warp to influence the size.
Furthermore, the pressing surface and the side surface M are intersected to form an arc C, the chord length of the arc C is set to be L, and the diameter D of the outer circle of the piston ring is 0.6D-D. In order to ensure that the clamping is sufficient, a sufficient contact area is required between the pressing surface and the outer circle of the piston ring, when the arc chord length L is equal to 0.6D of the outer circle of the piston ring, the pressing surface can wrap the outer circle of the piston ring by more than 60%, the wrapping of more than 60% is summarized by practical processing experience, and when the wrapping surface reaches more than 60%, the clamping stability can be ensured and the processing is satisfied. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the invention can solve the problem that the outer circle surface quality of a piston ring can be damaged due to direct rigid contact and even the deformation is caused by overlarge clamping force when a common machine tool is directly clamped in finish machining in the prior art, and ensures that the part is fully protected from being damaged by clamping in the clamping process.
2. By applying the invention, when the copper sheet is wrapped to protect the excircle in the process of clamping the part, the problem that the positioning cannot be realized due to different thicknesses of the copper sheet in the process of three-jaw clamping is solved, so that the positioning can still be realized, and the final size and position tolerance of the product are ensured.
3. By applying the invention, the complicated process that the piston ring and the machine tool spindle are coaxial by adjusting the four-jaw position before each piston ring is required to be processed in the prior art for four-jaw clamping can be avoided, and the production efficiency is greatly improved;
4. by applying the invention, the purchase of a special machine tool or the modification of the machine tool can be avoided to realize the finish machining of parts, the production cost is reduced, and the invention is suitable for the production types of various enterprises in small and medium-sized batches.
To sum up, to the enterprise that the production type is medium and small batch, when guaranteeing piston ring hole size after the finish machining, avoided piston ring excircle quality to suffer destruction, and guaranteed production efficiency and economic benefits.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is an isometric view of one embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a combination of a positioning shaft and a fixture base according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a detached state of the positioning shaft and the fixture base according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a front view of one embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is an enlarged view at I of fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is an enlarged view at III of fig. 4.
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is an enlarged view at II of fig. 7.
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a positioning shaft according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numbers and corresponding part names in the drawings:
1-a fixture body, 11-a fixture base body, 111-a machine tool clamping part, 112-a part processing part, 12-a clamping mechanism, 121-a pin, 122-a pressing block, 123-a pressing bolt, 13-a set screw, 2-a positioning shaft, 21-a guide part, 22-a straight section part, 23-a cone part and 3-a piston ring.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.
Fig. 1 to 9 show a preferred embodiment of the present invention:
as shown in figure 1, the clamp for finishing the inner hole of the piston ring comprises a clamp body 1, a positioning shaft 2 and a piston ring 3; the piston ring 3 is a processed part and comprises a piston ring inner hole and a piston ring outer circle; the clamp body 1 comprises a clamp base body 11 and a clamping mechanism 12; the fixture base body 11 is an integrated whole of a stepped shaft structure and comprises a machine tool clamping part 111 and a part processing part 112, wherein the machine tool clamping part 111 is a small shaft part of the stepped shaft structure, and the part processing part 112 is a large shaft part of the stepped shaft structure; the clamping mechanisms 12 are arranged in the part processing part 112 and are distributed in a plurality of circumferential arrays along the rotation central axis of the clamp base body 11; the positioning shaft 2 is a shaft-like part and comprises a part a and a part B, as shown in fig. 7, a positioning hole is formed in the fixture base body 11, the central axis of the positioning hole is coaxial with the central axis of the fixture base body 11, the part a is matched with the positioning hole, the part B is matched with the inner hole of the piston ring, fig. 2 is a combined state of the positioning shaft 2 and the fixture base body 11, as shown in fig. 2, the part a can be inserted into the positioning hole, so that the positioning shaft 2 is combined with the fixture base body 11, and when the combination is completed, the central axis of the positioning shaft 2 is coaxial with the central axis of the fixture base body 11, as shown in fig. 2, as shown in fig. 3, the part a can also be pulled out of the positioning hole, so that the positioning shaft 2 is separated from the fixture base body 11; the B portion can be clearance fitted with the piston ring bore as shown in fig. 7, the clearance fitting existing before the piston ring bore is machined.
The invention aims to provide a clamp which can be used in a common machine tool to finish the inner hole of a piston ring, the size is ensured, and the quality of the outer surface of the piston ring 3 is not damaged, so that the design is adopted, and the overall design scheme is as follows:
utilize the piston ring hole from the location processing that changes traditional into quantitative processing, evenly get rid of the machining allowance on hole surface after the location, realized that this design has adopted design as above: the inner hole finish machining of the piston ring 3 is carried out, the process is arranged on a grinding machine or a numerical control lathe, aiming at the characteristics of the two devices, the fixture body 1 is designed into a machine tool clamping part 111 and a part processing part 112 shown in figures 1 and 7, the part processing part 112 is used for processing the piston ring 3, the machine tool clamping part 111 is used for connecting a machine tool and the fixture body 1, three claws of the machine tool can clamp the machine tool clamping part 111, so that the machine tool and the fixture body 1 are connected into a whole, and the fixture body 1 can synchronously rotate a main shaft of the machine tool;
the positioning shaft 2 is used for positioning an inner hole of a piston ring, the positioning shaft 2 is divided into a part A and a part B, the positioning hole shown in fig. 7 is arranged in the clamp base body 11, the part A can be inserted into the positioning hole to be combined with the clamp base body 11 as shown in fig. 2, when the positioning shaft 2 and the clamp base body 11 are in a combined shape, the outer circle of the piston ring is wrapped by copper sheets or other soft strips, and then the piston ring 3 is sleeved on the part B to be in clearance fit with the inner hole of the piston ring, so that the positioning of the positioning shaft 2 on the piston ring 3 is completed;
as shown in fig. 2, the clamping mechanism 12 is used for fixing the piston ring 3, and after the piston ring 3 is positioned by the positioning shaft 2, the clamping mechanism 12 can clamp and fix the outer circle of the piston ring, so that the outer circle of the piston ring cannot be damaged due to the protection of the soft strip material; because the part A can be pulled out of the positioning hole, the positioning shaft 2 is detached from the fixture base body 11, after the piston ring 3 is fixed by the clamping mechanism 12, as shown in fig. 3, the positioning shaft 2 is detached from the fixture base body 11, so that the matching between the part B and the inner hole of the piston ring is released, the main shaft of the machine tool is controlled to rotate at the moment, the piston ring 3 on the fixture body 1 is driven to rotate, and the machining of the inner hole of the piston ring by using a cutting tool such as a turning tool, a grinding wheel and the like is completed in the rotating process.
During the whole machining process, as shown in fig. 7, the machine tool main shaft and the central shaft of the clamp base body 11 have a coaxial relationship X because the machine tool clamping part 111 and the part machining part 112 are coaxial, and the machine tool clamping part 111 is fixed with the three claws of the machine tool; in addition, when the positioning shaft 2 and the clamp base body 11 are combined, the central axis of the positioning shaft 2 is coaxial with the central axis of the clamp base body 11, and the part B is in clearance fit with the piston ring inner hole, so that in the combined state, the piston ring inner hole central axis and the clamp base body 11 central axis have a coaxial relation Y; in conclusion, due to the coaxial relation X and the coaxial relation Y, the axial leads of a machine tool main shaft, a clamp base body 11 central shaft and a piston ring inner hole central shaft are consistent, the piston ring inner hole is self-positioned by the positioning shaft 2, the piston ring inner hole is processed quantitatively, and the outer circle of the piston ring is wrapped and protected by a soft strip material in the processing process, so that the aim of finish machining the piston ring inner hole is well fulfilled while the quality of the outer circle of the piston ring is not damaged, and the invention is used on a common machine tool such as a grinding machine or a numerical control lathe, so that for enterprises of medium and small batch production types, a special machine tool or a modified common machine tool is not needed, a four-jaw machine tool is not needed for processing, before each piston ring 3 is processed, the piston ring 3 is coaxial with the machine tool main shaft by adjusting the four-jaw position, and the batch processing of the, the production efficiency is ensured while the cost is saved and better economic benefit is brought for enterprises in medium and small batch production.
Further, as shown in fig. 9, the positioning shaft 2 includes a straight section 22 and a tapered section 23, the section a is the tapered section 23, the section B is the straight section 22, the tapered section 23 is shaped as a circular truncated cone, the positioning hole is a tapered hole as shown in fig. 7, the tapered section 23 and the positioning hole are in tapered fit, the straight section 22 is shaped as a cylinder, and the straight section 22 is located at the front end of the tapered section 23. The part A and the locating hole are in taper fit, the clearance fit is different from the traditional cylindrical hole and the cylindrical shaft, manufacturing errors exist, the cylindrical hole and the cylindrical shaft cannot be completely consistent, the actual fit state of the cylindrical hole shaft is interference or clearance fit, and compared with the interference fit, the taper fit is easy to disassemble, the positioning shaft 2 and the clamp base body 11 are convenient to easily realize switching of a combined state and a split state, and compared with the clearance fit, due to the conical surface characteristic of the taper fit, the clearance between the conical surfaces of the positioning shaft 2 and the locating hole can be completely eliminated, so that the conical surfaces of the positioning shaft and the locating hole are fitted, errors generated in processing due to the existence of the clearance are avoided, and further the processing precision of a piston ring inner hole is improved.
Furthermore, the taper of the conical part 23 is 1: 19.18-1: 19.254, and the taper of the positioning hole is consistent with that of the conical part 23. The range value is the range value of Morse taper No. 6-Morse taper No. 4, the Morse taper is commonly used as the taper of various cutter bars of various cutters (such as drill bits and milling cutters) and machine tool main shaft holes in the field of machining, the repeated positioning error of the positioning shaft 2 can be well eliminated by adopting the Morse taper, the positioning shaft 2 is detached from the positioning hole and then is re-installed, the position of the central axis of the positioning shaft 2 cannot be influenced, and the machining consistency of the inner hole of the piston ring is further ensured.
Furthermore, the roughness of the conical surface of the conical part 23 is Ra0.4 at most, and the roughness of the inner hole conical surface of the positioning hole is Ra0.8 at most. The high-precision surface quality enables the positioning shaft 2 to be attached to the conical surface of the positioning hole more tightly, and the situation that the positioning shaft 2 and the positioning hole are abraded due to repeated insertion and extraction in the actual production process and the use is affected is avoided.
Further, as shown in fig. 9, the straight section 22 is provided with ring grooves along the revolution surface, and the number of the ring grooves is 3 along the axial direction. Because the piston ring hole is the finish machining, straight section portion 22 and piston ring hole clearance fit again, so straight section portion 22's the very high manufacturing accuracy of needs, if straight section portion 22 is complete axle, the processing degree of difficulty is higher, adopts the annular design to divide into 3 sections with straight section portion 22, can guarantee required size in the segmentation in the processing, reduces the processing degree of difficulty.
Further, as shown in fig. 9, the positioning shaft 2 further includes a guide portion 21, the guide portion 21 is located at the front end of the straight section 22, the guide portion 21 is cylindrical, and the shaft diameter of the guide portion 21 is smaller than the shaft diameter of the straight section 22. The design of guide part 21 is convenient for establish the piston ring 3 cover and get into and accomplish the location in straight section portion 22, also is convenient for handheld convenient operator simultaneously inserts and takes out from the locating hole with location axle 2.
Furthermore, the maximum clearance fit amount of the part B and the inner hole of the piston ring is determined by the piston ring inner hole to piston ring outer circle run-out value after machining and the rotation precision of a machine tool, the maximum clearance fit amount is T, the rotation precision of the machine tool is P, the piston ring inner hole inner circle run-out value after machining is S, and then T + P<S, the maximum clearance fit value is the clearance fit value when the part B is the minimum limit size and the inner hole of the piston ring is the maximum limit size. During the processing, the accumulated error is ensured to be smaller than the circular runout to be achieved by the inner hole of the piston ring, the accumulated error consists of the maximum clearance matching amount and the rotation precision of the machine tool, and the dimension of the position shaft 2 is set to be
The size of the positioning hole is
The rotation precision P of the machine tool, the circular runout value S of the inner hole of the piston ring, the maximum clearance fit quantity T of the positioning shaft 2 and the positioning hole, and the minimum limit size of the positioning shaft 2 is AminThe maximum limit size of the positioning shaft 2 is AMAXThen A ismin＝A+t1,AMAXA + T2, and a maximum clearance T when the positioning shaft 2 is at the minimum limit size and the positioning hole is at the maximum limit size, i.e. T is aMAX-AminT2-T1, then T2-T1+ P<S。
Furthermore, the positioning shaft 2 is made of CrWMn with the hardness of HRC 55-60. HRC55 ~ 60 CrWMn material is wear-resisting difficult rust, can prolong the life of location axle 2.
Further, as shown in fig. 7 and 8, the fixture body 1 further includes a set screw 13, a screw hole is formed in the fixture base 11, the set screw 13 is connected to the screw hole in a threaded manner, a hole axis of the screw hole is perpendicular to a central axis of the fixture base 11, and the screw hole penetrates from an outer revolution surface of the fixture base 11 to a hole surface of the positioning hole. When the positioning shaft 2 and the clamp base body 11 are combined, the central shaft of the positioning shaft 2 is coaxial with the central shaft of the clamp base body 11, because the positioning shaft 2 is frequently sleeved in a piston ring inner hole in actual processing, the positioning shaft 2 is abraded after long-term use, and if the positioning shaft 2 is not stored or used properly, the positioning shaft 2 is deformed, and further the coaxiality of the central shaft of the positioning shaft 2 and the central shaft of the clamp base body 11 is over-poor, at the moment, the repairing is needed, in order to ensure the coaxial relationship of the positioning shaft 2 and the clamp base body, the positioning shaft 2 and the clamp base body 11 need to be temporarily fixed, a fastening screw 13 presses the positioning shaft 2 on the hole surface of the positioning hole through screw transmission, the temporary fixing of the positioning shaft 2 and the clamp base body 11 is completed, further the repairing work of the positioning shaft 2 can be performed, the repairing mode is grinding, and after the, and grinding the damaged position on the positioning shaft by using a grinding rod, and detecting the circular runout of the repairing position of the positioning shaft by using a mode of erecting a dial gauge by using a magnetic gauge stand after the grinding is finished.
Further, as shown in fig. 4, 5 and 7, the clamping mechanism 12 includes a pin 121, a pressing block 122 and a pressing bolt 123, a piston ring 3 receiving hole shown in fig. 2 and 3 is formed in an end surface of the part processing portion 112, and the piston ring 3 receiving hole is located in front of and coaxial with the positioning hole; the end surface of the part machining part 112 is further provided with a pressing block 122 accommodating groove shown in fig. 2 and 4, the pressing block 122 accommodating groove is provided with an opening of the pressing block 122, and the opening of the pressing block 122 is located on the hole surface of the piston ring 3 accommodating hole; a bolt hole is formed in the part machining part 112, and the bolt hole penetrates from the outer revolution surface of the part machining part 112 to the top surface of the pressing block 122 accommodating groove; the top surface of the pressing block 122 is provided with bolt through holes shown in fig. 4 and 7, as shown in fig. 7, the pressing block 122 is provided with an M side surface and an N side surface which are opposite in position, the M side surface is provided with pin holes, the pin holes are symmetrically arranged at two sides of the bolt through holes, and the pin holes penetrate through the bolt through hole surfaces from the M side surface to the N side surface; as can be seen from fig. 4 and 5, the pressing bolt 123 is composed of a threaded portion and a threaded portion rear bolt end cap, a pin 121 accommodating groove is formed at the end of the threaded portion, the pin 121 accommodating groove is symmetrically arranged on both sides of a rotation center line of the threaded portion, and an opening direction of the pin 121 accommodating groove is parallel to a radial direction of the threaded portion; the combination mode of the clamping mechanism 12 is as follows: the threaded portion and the bolt hole form a threaded connection A, the tail end of the threaded portion can be accommodated in the bolt through hole to form an accommodating assembly B, and after the threaded connection A and the accommodating assembly B are formed, the pin 121 can be in interference fit with the pin hole and penetrates through the pin 121 accommodating groove, so that the pin 121, the pressing block 122 and the pressing bolt 123 become an inseparable integrated unit. The clamping mechanism 12 is a preferred structure of the present invention, and the screw drive of the pressing bolt 123 fixes the piston ring 3 by the pressing block 122 at the front end thereof, thereby completing the machining.
Further, as shown in fig. 4, the clamping mechanisms 12 are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the clamp base 11. The design is convenient for processing and manufacturing and is beneficial to actual operation.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of elastic deformation of a compression surface of the pressing block 122 when the pressing block 122 gradually compresses the piston ring 3, as shown in fig. 4 and fig. 6, the bottom surface of the pressing block 122 is provided with the compression surface, the compression surface is an arc surface, the diameter of the arc surface is smaller than the diameter of the outer circle of the piston ring, the circle center of the arc surface is located on the symmetry center line of the pressing block 122, the side surface of the pressing block 122 is provided with an elastic groove, the elastic groove is a through groove, the symmetry center line of the elastic groove is located on the circle center of the compression surface, the elastic groove is provided with an elastic. Because the diameter of the arc surface is less than the diameter of the outer circle of the piston ring, in the process of clamping stress, as shown in fig. 6, the pressing block 122 can have certain elastic deformation, so that the arc surface at the front end of the pressing block 122 can be fully attached to the outer circle surface of the piston ring, the pressing block and the outer circle surface are ensured to be in surface contact, and the phenomenon that the stress concentration of parts is caused to deform due to the linear contact formed between the pressing block and the outer circle surface caused by manufacturing errors is avoided, so that the.
Furthermore, the pressing surface and the side surface M are intersected to form an arc C, the chord length of the arc C is set to be L, and the diameter D of the outer circle of the piston ring is 0.6D-D. In order to ensure that the clamping is sufficient, a sufficient contact area is required between the pressing surface and the outer circle of the piston ring, when the arc chord length L is equal to 0.6D of the outer circle of the piston ring, the pressing surface can wrap the outer circle of the piston ring by more than 60%, the wrapping of more than 60% is summarized by practical processing experience, and when the wrapping surface reaches more than 60%, the clamping stability can be ensured and the processing is satisfied.
Furthermore, the difference between the diameter of the arc surface and the diameter of the outer circle of the piston ring is not more than 0.05 mm. The amount of elastic deformation of the pressing piece 122 and the magnitude of the required clamping force are controlled by the difference in diameters.
Further, the radius of the piston ring 3 accommodating hole is larger than the outer circle radius of the piston ring, and the radius difference between the two is 25-30 cm. The difference between the two radiuses is convenient for an operator to hold the piston ring 3 and sleeve the piston ring into the positioning shaft 2, and the piston ring 3 can be taken out after the processing is finished.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a piston ring hole anchor clamps for finish machining which characterized in that: comprises a clamp body (1), a positioning shaft (2) and a piston ring (3);
the piston ring (3) is a processed part and is of a tubular structure and comprises a piston ring inner hole and a piston ring outer circle;
the clamp body (1) comprises a clamp base body (11) and a clamping mechanism (12); the fixture base body (11) is an integrated whole of a stepped shaft structure and comprises a machine tool clamping part (111) and a part processing part (112), the machine tool clamping part (111) is a small shaft part of the stepped shaft structure, the part processing part (112) is a large shaft part of the stepped shaft structure, and the machine tool clamping part (111) and the part processing part (112) are coaxial;
the clamping mechanisms (12) are arranged in the part processing part (112) and are distributed in a plurality of circumferential arrays along the rotary central shaft of the clamp base body (11);
the positioning shaft (2) is a shaft part and comprises a part A and a part B, a positioning hole is arranged in the clamp base body (11), the central axis of the positioning hole is coaxial with the central axis of the clamp base body (11), the part A can be inserted into the positioning hole, so that the positioning shaft (2) is combined with the clamp base body (11), when the combination is completed, the central axis of the positioning shaft (2) is coaxial with the central axis of the clamp base body (11), and the part A can also be pulled out of the positioning hole, so that the positioning shaft (2) is separated from the clamp base body (11);
the part B can be in clearance fit with the piston ring inner hole, and the clearance fit exists before the piston ring inner hole is machined;
the clamping mechanism (12) comprises a pin (121), a pressing block (122) and a pressing bolt (123), a piston ring accommodating hole is formed in the end face of the part machining portion (112), and the piston ring accommodating hole is located in front of the positioning hole and coaxial with the positioning hole;
a pressing block accommodating groove is further formed in the end face of the part machining portion (112), a pressing block opening is formed in the pressing block accommodating groove, and the pressing block opening is located in the hole face of the piston ring accommodating hole; a bolt hole is formed in the part machining part (112), and the bolt hole penetrates from the outer revolution surface of the part machining part (112) to the top surface of the pressing block accommodating groove;
the top surface of the pressing block (122) is provided with a bolt through hole, the pressing block (122) is provided with an M side surface and an N side surface which are opposite in position, the M side surface is provided with a pin hole, the pin holes are symmetrically arranged at two sides of the bolt through hole, and the pin holes penetrate through the bolt through hole surface from the M side surface to the N side surface;
the compression bolt (123) consists of a threaded part and a bolt end cover positioned behind the threaded part, pin accommodating grooves are formed in the tail end of the threaded part and are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the rotation center line of the threaded part, and the forming direction of the pin accommodating grooves is parallel to the radial direction of the threaded part;
the combination mode of the clamping mechanism (12) is as follows: the threaded part forms a threaded connection A with the bolt hole, the tail end of the threaded part can be accommodated in the bolt through hole to form an accommodating assembly B, and after the threaded connection A and the accommodating assembly B are formed, the pin (121) can be in interference fit with the pin hole and penetrates through the pin accommodating groove, so that the pin (121), the pressing block (122) and the pressing bolt (123) form an inseparable integrated unit;
the pressing block (122) is characterized in that a pressing surface is arranged on the bottom surface of the pressing block (122), the pressing surface is an arc surface, the diameter of the arc surface is smaller than the diameter of an outer circle of a piston ring, the circle center of the arc surface is located on the symmetrical center line of the pressing block (122), an elastic groove is arranged on the side surface of the pressing block (122), the elastic groove is a through groove, the symmetrical center line of the elastic groove is located on the circle center of the pressing surface, an elastic opening is formed in the elastic groove, and the elastic opening is located.
2. The jig for finishing the inner hole of the piston ring according to claim 1, wherein: the positioning shaft (2) comprises a straight section part (22) and a cone part (23), the A part is the cone part (23), the B part is the straight section part (22), the cone part (23) is in the shape of a circular truncated cone, the positioning hole is a cone hole, the cone part (23) is in taper fit with the positioning hole, the straight section part (22) is in the shape of a cylinder, and the straight section part (22) is located at the front end of the cone part (23).
3. The jig for finishing the inner hole of the piston ring according to claim 2, wherein: the positioning shaft (2) further comprises a guide part (21), the guide part (21) is located at the front end of the straight section part (22), the guide part (21) is cylindrical in shape, and the shaft diameter of the guide part (21) is smaller than that of the straight section part (22).
4. The jig for finishing the inner hole of the piston ring according to claim 1, wherein: and the maximum clearance fit amount of the part B and the inner hole of the piston ring is determined by the piston ring inner hole after machining to the outer circle run-out value S of the piston ring and the rotation precision of a machine tool, the maximum clearance fit amount is T, the rotation precision of the machine tool is P, the circle run-out value S of the inner hole of the piston ring after machining is T + P < S, and the maximum clearance fit amount is the clearance fit value when the part B is the minimum limit size and the inner hole of the piston ring is the maximum limit size.
5. The jig for finishing the inner hole of the piston ring according to claim 1, wherein: the fixture body (1) further comprises a set screw (13), a screw hole is formed in the fixture base body (11), the set screw (13) is connected into the screw hole in a threaded mode, the axis of the screw hole is perpendicular to the central shaft of the fixture base body (11), and the screw hole penetrates through the outer revolution surface of the fixture base body (11) to the hole surface of the positioning hole of the fixture base body (11).
6. The jig for finishing the inner hole of the piston ring according to claim 1, wherein: the clamping mechanisms (12) are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the clamp base body (11).
7. The jig for finishing the inner hole of the piston ring according to claim 1, wherein: the compression surface and the side surface M are intersected to form an arc C, the chord length of the arc C is set to be L, and the diameter D of the outer circle of the piston ring is 0.6D-D.
8. The jig for finishing the inner hole of the piston ring according to claim 1, wherein: the difference between the diameter of the arc surface and the diameter of the outer circle of the piston ring is not more than 0.05 mm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201811359504.7A CN109176101B (en) | 2018-11-15 | 2018-11-15 | Clamp for finish machining of inner hole of piston ring |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811359504.7A CN109176101B (en) | 2018-11-15 | 2018-11-15 | Clamp for finish machining of inner hole of piston ring |
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| CN109176101A CN109176101A (en) | 2019-01-11 |
| CN109176101B true CN109176101B (en) | 2020-12-08 |
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| CN201811359504.7A Active CN109176101B (en) | 2018-11-15 | 2018-11-15 | Clamp for finish machining of inner hole of piston ring |
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| CN114800265A (en) * | 2021-01-18 | 2022-07-29 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | A grinding tool for burning formula releaser door |
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| DE4201715A1 (en) * | 1992-01-23 | 1993-07-29 | Peter Baumgaertner | Precision boring tool with size adjustment - has boring bar held in sleeve which has bore eccentric to holder axis and permits size adjustment by rotation of bar in sleeve |
| JP2001047337A (en) * | 1999-08-05 | 2001-02-20 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Inside surface machining jig |
| CN102814676A (en) * | 2012-08-31 | 2012-12-12 | 烟台艾迪液压科技有限公司 | Inner hole re-machining tool for workpieces with asymmetric contours |
| CN105904266A (en) * | 2016-07-02 | 2016-08-31 | 徐华林 | Turning clamp for inner hole of bearing pedestal |
| CN107363270A (en) * | 2017-08-17 | 2017-11-21 | 安徽卓煌机械设备有限公司 | A kind of large-scale roller surface repairs anti-deformation truning fixture |
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