CN109169178A - A kind of apposition conch meal and gravel fill out Haiti greening dedicated substrate and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of apposition conch meal and gravel fill out Haiti greening dedicated substrate and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109169178A CN109169178A CN201811070411.2A CN201811070411A CN109169178A CN 109169178 A CN109169178 A CN 109169178A CN 201811070411 A CN201811070411 A CN 201811070411A CN 109169178 A CN109169178 A CN 109169178A
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 158
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229920002521 Macromolecule Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 235000021384 green leafy vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims description 31
- 210000000481 Breast Anatomy 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002459 sustained Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 241001464837 Viridiplantae Species 0.000 claims description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001264 neutralization Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000050 nutritive Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 40
- 241000195955 Equisetum hyemale Species 0.000 description 18
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 15
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 244000106835 Bindesalat Species 0.000 description 11
- 241000167562 Pittosporum tobira Species 0.000 description 11
- 235000000318 Bindesalat Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 235000003228 Lactuca sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 5
- 210000003608 Feces Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 4
- WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-UHOFOFEASA-O Serpentine Natural products O=C(OC)C=1[C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](C)OC=1)C[n+]1c(c3[nH]c4c(c3cc1)cccc4)C2 WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-UHOFOFEASA-O 0.000 description 4
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 240000008415 Lactuca sativa Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene (PE) Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001488 breeding Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000003917 Bambusa tulda Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000208822 Lactuca Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- ODGAOXROABLFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Polynoxylin Chemical compound O=C.NC(N)=O ODGAOXROABLFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004083 survival Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000219501 Casuarina Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 102000013275 Somatomedins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010026080 Somatomedins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920002522 Wood fibre Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003630 growth substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006011 modification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000015170 shellfish Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004642 transportation engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002025 wood fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/15—Leaf crops, e.g. lettuce or spinach
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
- A01G24/35—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds containing water-absorbing polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
- C05F5/002—Solid waste from mechanical processing of material, e.g. seed coats, olive pits, almond shells, fruit residue, rice hulls
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/90—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting the nitrification of ammonium compounds or urea in the soil
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of apposition conch meals and gravel to fill out Haiti greening dedicated substrate and preparation method thereof.The dedicated substrate includes the mixture, dual control vegetable oil film-coated controlled release fertilizer and water-retaining type macromolecule crosslink agent being made of peat, coco bran, organic fertilizer, and proportions are 1000 liters: 1~50 kilograms: 1~6 kilogram.Dedicated substrate formula science of the present invention, physicochemical character is stablized, high temperature, the rainy and brash environment of conch meal and gritty texture soil can be adapted to very well, controlled-release effect is good, Nutrient Release and supplying mode meet demand of plant growth under hot environment, also the nutritive peculiarity of plant is adapted to, water-retaining property is strong；It is combined with planting pit surrounding and bottom building Anti-lost growth promotion Tiny ecosystem cultivation circle, greening seedling survives completely, and growth is fast, has achieved the effect that afforesting island and planting vegetable with filling in the sea to grow grain without soil.And matrix formulations and simple process, safety, practicable the factorial production are worth large scale application.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of fertilizers.It reclaims land from the sea soil more particularly, to a kind of apposition conch meal and gravel
Afforest dedicated substrate and preparation method thereof.
Background technique
Marine reclamation land, which is also named, reclaims fields from the sea, fills in the sea to grow grain, or cries and fill out sea, encloses sea, levee-surrounded field, refers to shell, native stone, building
Rubbish, engine components etc. fill land, island or even islands and reefs at new land along edge.It can be seen that original sea area, lake
Area or riverbank are changed into land, and common filler more or less contains soil, that is to say, that fill out the soil of sea construction along the coastline
In general ground is easier to plant trees or cultivate, because the soil in filler has nutrient, there is the ability for breeding plant.So
And when the material for filling out sea does not include soil, then enclosing the field of sea achievements just almost without nutriment, without vitality；
When all seabed conch meals of the material filled in the sea to grow grain and gravel mince, then soil not only lacks the required battalion of plant growth
Substance is supported, and the soil permeability built is poor, fertility is extremely low, soil pH is high, is unsuitable for plant growth.
China, in order to improve the living condition of South China Sea officers and men stationed on the island, has filled out sea and has built in the case where legal
Tens of thousands of square kilometres of land.It is not both that it is to blow that sea, which carries out the method that apposition makes ground, with common marine reclamation land along the coastline
Embankment formula, is the land built with professional ship and pump acquisition seabed shell, the quality on land with the higher conch meal of salt content and
It based on gravel, and is accumulated after being crushed, not only land is heavy in texture, soil is hard, permeability is very poor, and the fertility of soil is almost
It is zero.Other than calcium, magnesium, silicon and a small amount of microelement, substantially free of nutrients such as N P and Ks necessary to plant growth and development.
However, in order to create excellent living environment and and the food such as necessary vegetables of surviving are provided, it would be highly desirable to solve the problems, such as be
How water, fertilizer, air and heat and the biology of plant are coordinated on the so low soil of fertility.
It is well known that nutrient necessary to plant has 17 kinds, wherein N P and K is the three elements of plant.Therefore, do not have
N P and K plant almost develop by growth arrest.It is so intended to solve to mince with conch meal and gravel as main medium culture by fertilising
The problem of plant, will solve the problems, such as following three aspects first: 1) how improve the fertilizer-preserving ability shellfish of conch meal and gravel
Shell powder and gravel mince no fertilizer-preserving ability, after the nutrients such as N P and K impose on this boundary's matter, will not generate chemisorption, physical absorption amount
Also seldom, therefore leaching loss of nutrient is lost seriously.2) how to solve the problems, such as earth's surface high temperature cause fertilizer nutrient lose conch meal and
The thermal capacity of gravel itself is small, and acutely, in the Nanhai area in the torrid zone and illumination abundance, the temperature of earth's surface can be high for soil moisture variation
It is even higher up to 50 degree or more, not only common fertilizer nutrient volatilization loss quickly under such high temperature, and also it is common coated release-controlled
Fertilizer can also lose controlled release properties, the volatilization of nutrient for easily causing the volatilization loss of fertilizer nitrogen and having discharged.3) how to solve
Certainly conch meal and gravel are not retained fluid-tight problem conch meal and gravel is not retained not only, and waterproof, and rain a slot,
It is hard such as knife after rain.Even if above-mentioned two problems solve, if medium water shortage, plant cannot survive in the same old way.As it can be seen that using conventional
Cultivation technique and method and capital goods in the agricultural sector, i.e., conventional fertilizer and water and fertilizer management technology be not suitable with above-mentioned cultivation ring
Border cannot solve the above problems.
In addition, film-coated controlled release fertilizer product is adapted for the fertilizer applied under the conditions of sandy ground, rainwater are more etc..It is that soilless cultivation is planted
The fertilizer of object first choice, but general film-coated controlled release fertilizer is all for the control designed and manufactured under room temperature and Routine Management measure
Release fertilizer is unsuitable for South Sea apposition conch meal and gravel encloses sea although can be used for soilless cultivation and similar reclaimed land
It builds up fields the growing environment that soil and its locating high temperature and brash takes place frequently.On the one hand the nutrient in common film-coated controlled release fertilizer coating
It will soon be discharged at a high temperature of chiltern medium and cause plant fertilizer deficiency；On the other hand conventional film-coated controlled release fertilizer is general only
It seldom include middle microelement comprising a great number of elements N P and K；For third in method of administration, the somatomedin of usual plant is soil
Earth, coat fertilizer impose on the influence for being not exposed to temperature shock to fertilizer efficiency period after soil.Therefore common fertilizing method is unsuitable for south
Extra large apposition conch meal and gravel are built up fields soil.Although and there are many patented product of soilless culture substrate and technology, major part
It is the cultivation matrix and method for continental climate and crops, is inevitably not suitable with the ecological environment that the South Sea is reclaimed land from the sea.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects and deficiency of the listing prior art, provide a kind of suitable South Sea
Apposition conch meal and gravel reclaim land from the sea soil greening, cultivation leaf vegetables dedicated substrate and release and release control fertilizer and preparation method thereof.
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of apposition conch meals and gravel to fill out Haiti greening dedicated substrate.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of planting unit that Haiti is filled out suitable for apposition conch meal and gravel.
Still a further object of the present invention is to provide a kind of implantation methods that Haiti is filled out suitable for apposition conch meal and gravel.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of apposition conch meal and gravel are reclaimed land from the sea soil greening dedicated substrate, including mixture, dual control vegetable oil coating control
Release fertilizer and water-retaining type macromolecule crosslink agent, proportions are 1000 liters: 1~50 kilograms: 1~6 kilogram；The mixture is mud
Charcoal, coco bran, plant source organic fertilizer mixture.By mixture (volume) and dedicated fertilizer (quality), water-retaining type high molecular crosslink
Agent (quality) according to the proportion, is uniformly mixed in batch mixer up to dedicated substrate.
Preferably, mixture, dual control vegetable oil film-coated controlled release fertilizer and water-retaining type macromolecule crosslink agent, proportions are
1000 liters: 5~15 kilograms: 1~6 kilogram.
Preferably, the mixture is by the sterile disease-free peat in 0.1 ~ 1:0.5 of volume ratio~3:0.1~1, coco bran, plant
Source organic fertilizer composition.
Preferably, three kinds of peat, coco bran, organic fertilizer raw materials needed 5mm~15mm to sieve.
Preferably, the coco bran is salt-free coco bran, and the organic fertilizer is plant source organic fertilizer.
Peat and coco bran must pass through disease-free sterile salt-free harmless treatment, ensure that you do not bring island into germ insect pest.
Organic fertilizer be using the non-animal excreta plant source organic materials such as crop material, urban afforestation lop as raw material,
It is formed by high temperature compost, it is necessary to be disease-free sterile salt-free harmless.
Specifically, the water-retaining type macromolecule crosslink agent such as acrylamide and Potassium Acrylate Copolymer etc., the present invention are implemented
France is selected to like gloomy board AQUASORB water-retaining agent in example.
Preferably, the characteristic that there is the dual control vegetable oil film-coated controlled release fertilizer slow control to combine, is according to conch meal and sand
The alkalinity of gravel medium, the film-coated controlled release fertilizer designed without the features such as fertilizer；Specific nature is as follows:
(1) core fertilizer is the nitrogen containing sustained release, and nutrient analysis formula is the sustained release nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer of 15-15-15-TE；
(2) core fertilizer passes through compound coating, is prepared into the vegetable oil film-coated controlled release fertilizer that fertilizer efficiency period is 8m~10m；
(3) core fertilizer nitrogenous (nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, ureaformaldehyde nitrogen), phosphorus (orthophosphates), potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulphur, iron, manganese, copper,
The nutrients such as zinc, boron, fertilizer is in subacidity to neutrality；
(4) its Nutrient Release Characteristics curve, for throughout the year raw green plants, nutrient release curve is " S " type, for leaf vegetables
Class is then in inverted "L" shape or class linear type.
The nutrients release or fertilizer characteristic (mode of fertilizer curve) of the film-coated controlled release fertilizer are that the nutrient of fertilizer is released
Put the number of the thickness, film layer for being controlled by coating layer, on coating layer nutrients release channel number and size.The thickness of coating layer
Determine that the length in nutrients release channel on coating layer, the number of film layer determine the right and wrong degree in channel, coating layer upper channel
Number determine nutrient access roads number, the size in channel determine nutrient pass in and out complexity.In short, coating layer
Thickness, film layer number, the number in nutrients release channel, size, tortuous determine film-coated controlled release fertilizer fertilizer on coating layer
Rate, fertilizer efficiency period and fertilizer characteristic (mode of fertilizer curve).Nutrient release curve is in the release and release control fertilizer fertilizer characteristic of serpentine
Meet the demand of the long breeding time plant growth of the overwhelming majority, release profiles meet in serpentine or the linear fertilizer characteristic of class
The demand of most section breeding time plants.The coating layer of film-coated controlled release fertilizer used in the present invention is with a thickness of 3 ~ 55 um, coating
The number of plies is 1 ~ 3 layer, and the release profiles of single layer film-coated controlled release fertilizer are parabolic type, " S " that bilayer is class linear type, three layers
Type；The density in the nutrient channel on coating layer is 0 ~ 10/100 um2, the diameter in channel is 300nm ~ 5um；The channel of single layer
It is relatively straight and short, multilayer more tortuous and grow.
As a kind of selectable preferred embodiment, the preparation method of dual control vegetable oil film-coated controlled release fertilizer of the present invention is such as
Under:
(1) by ureaformaldehyde slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, the ratio of full nitrogen content 30% ~ 70% is accounted for slow-release nitrogen, is blended in film-coated controlled release fertilizer
Raw material in, be first prepared into the core fertilizer of release and release control fertilizer, i.e. slow-release nitrogen type core fertilizer；
(2) with above-mentioned slow-release nitrogen type core fertilizer, the method for referenced patent 201410760543.3 prepares film-coated controlled release fertilizer again,
Up to dual control vegetable oil film-coated controlled release fertilizer.
Preferably, for the cultivation of the nursery stocks such as horse-tail, pittosporum tobira, the optimum proportioning of dedicated substrate is as follows: mixture is mud
0.5 part of charcoal, 1 part of coco bran, 0.5 part of garden media organic fertilizer (0.1 ~ 1:0.5 ~ 1.5:0.1 ~ 1) mixture, three kinds of raw materials are most
Excellent partial size 5mm ~ 15mm；Best release and release control fertilizer is the film-coated controlled release fertilizer that film layer is 3 layers, and fertilizer efficiency period is 240 ~ 300 days；Every cube
Rice mixture is equipped with 8 ~ 15kg Controlled Release Fertilizer and 3 ~ 5kg water-retaining type macromolecule crosslink agent.
Most preferably, for the cultivation of the nursery stocks such as horse-tail, pittosporum tobira, the optimum proportioning of dedicated substrate is as follows: mixture is
0.5 part of peat, 1 part of coco bran, garden media organic fertilizer 0.5 part (0.5:1:0.5) mixture, the optimized particle size of three kinds of raw materials
5mm~10mm；Best release and release control fertilizer is the film-coated controlled release fertilizer that film layer is 3 layers, and fertilizer efficiency period is 300 days；Every cubic metre of mixture is matched
With 10kg Controlled Release Fertilizer and 3kg water-retaining type macromolecule crosslink agent.
Preferably, for the cultivation of leaf vegetables, the proportion of dedicated substrate is as follows: mixture is 0.5 ~ 1 part of peat, coco bran 1 ~ 2
Part, the mixture of 0.5 ~ 1 part of garden media organic fertilizer (0.5 ~ 1:1 ~ 2:0.5 ~ 1), optimized particle size 5mm ~ 10mm of three kinds of raw materials；
Best release and release control fertilizer is the film-coated controlled release fertilizer that film layer is 2 layers, and fertilizer efficiency period is 30 days；Every cubic metre of mixture is equipped with 5 ~ 8kg control
Release fertilizer and 1 ~ 3kg water-retaining type macromolecule crosslink agent.
Most preferably, for the cultivation of leaf vegetables, the optimum proportioning of dedicated substrate is as follows: mixture is 1 part of peat, coco bran 1
Part, the mixture of garden media organic fertilizer 0.5 part (1:1:0.5), the optimized particle size 5mm of three kinds of raw materials；Best release and release control fertilizer is
The film-coated controlled release fertilizer that film layer is 2 layers, fertilizer efficiency period are 30 days；Every cubic metre of mixture is equipped with 5kg Controlled Release Fertilizer and 2kg water-retaining type is high
Molecule cross-link agent.
In addition, being based on above-mentioned dedicated substrate, Haiti is filled out suitable for apposition conch meal and gravel the present invention also provides a kind of
Cultivation circle and cultural method construct a kind of Anti-lost growth promotion Tiny ecosystem cultivation circle, including Anti-lost growth promotion greening seedling
The wooden Tiny ecosystem cultivation circle (for greening seedling) and Anti-lost growth promotion leaf vegetables Tiny ecosystem cultivation bed are (for cultivation leaf vegetables
Speech).
Specifically, the cultivation dress that the present invention provides a kind of suitable for filling out plantation nursery stock in Haiti in apposition conch meal and gravel
It sets, the culture apparatus is bottomed cylindrical shape culture apparatus (Tiny ecosystem cultivation circle), and the middle and lower part of surrounding sets aperture, and bottom surface is set
Aperture.
Preferably, the structure of the bottomed cylindrical shape culture apparatus (Tiny ecosystem cultivation circle) is as follows: 0.4~0.8m of diameter,
High 35~45cm, 0.3~0.5mm of thickness, by its surrounding away from the above aperture of bottom surface 10cm, the diameter in hole is 1.5~2.5cm, hole
With hole center away from for 10~20cm, bottom surface is outside from centre point, aperture at 15~25cm of radius, and the diameter in hole is 1.5~
The center 2.5cm, Kong Yukong is away from for 10~20cm.
It is highly preferred that the structure of the bottomed cylindrical shape culture apparatus (Tiny ecosystem cultivation circle) is as follows: diameter 0.4~
0.8m, high 40cm, 0.3~0.5mm of thickness；For surrounding away from the above aperture of bottom surface 10cm, the diameter in hole is 2cm, the center Kong Yukong away from
For 15cm, bottom surface is outside from centre point, aperture at radius 20cm, and the diameter in hole is 2cm, and the center Kong Yukong is away from for 15cm.
Preferably, when cultivated plant is nursery stock, the bottomed cylindrical shape culture apparatus is thermoplastic polyethylene's polybag,
Its under hot and humid environment 3 years it is non-efflorescing cementitious, can ensure that greening seedling is taken root and survived on island.
The culture apparatus that the present invention provides a kind of suitable for filling out plantation leaf vegetables in Haiti in apposition conch meal and gravel, the cultivation
Training device is cultivation bed, and the both ends setting buckle of slot seals, and groove top is open type.
Preferably, the structure of cultivation bed is as follows: upper 10~20cm of mouth width, 8~12cm of bottom width, deep 10~20cm, long 1~2
M, 0.3~1.0mm of wall thickness.
It is highly preferred that the structure of cultivation bed is as follows: upper mouth width 15cm, bottom width 10cm, depth 15cm, long 1~2 m, wall thickness
0.5mm。
Further, the present invention provides a kind of method for filling out Haiti plantation suitable for apposition conch meal and gravel, including as follows
Step: its surrounding is opened several holes, after being then embedded in underground, inside filled out of the present invention dedicated by preparation culture apparatus first
Matrix, then plant is transplanted wherein.
Preferably, when cultivated plant is nursery stock, the culture apparatus is above-mentioned bottomed cylindrical shape culture apparatus (Tiny ecosystem
Cultivation circle), cultivation nursery stock method is as follows:
S1. after bottomed cylindrical shape culture apparatus being embedded in heatable adobe sleeping platform, it is packed into dedicated substrate, cultivation pit is dug out at center, transplants sapling,
Then it waters to the 60%~70% of maximum water-holding capacity, is in close contact matrix and root with the mode of watering, does not press；
S2. transplant after around trunk frame upper support bar, strut and strut projection between angle be 110 °~130 °；
S3. the last fortnight observes plant strain growth situation daily after transplanting, and observation maintains water content of substrate；
S4. it transplants after two weeks or after sapling grows young leaves, periodically applies fertilizer；Dedicated substrate fertilizer is changed to after tree crown is with luxuriant foliage and spreading branches in leafy profusion, it is fixed
Phase application.
More specifically, cultivation nursery stock method is as follows:
S1. the soil of same size is dug down on the farm according to the size of bottomed cylindrical shape culture apparatus (Tiny ecosystem cultivation circle) before transplanting
Hole, culture apparatus is placed in hole, 0.05~0.20 cubic metre of mixed-matrix will be packed into culture apparatus, digs diameter at center
The cultivation pit of 25~35cm, deep 20~30cm are cultivated, and are then watered to the 60%~70% of maximum water-holding capacity, with the side of watering
Formula is in close contact matrix and root, does not press；
S2. transplant after around trunk frame upper support bar, strut and strut projection between angle be 110 °~130 °；
S3. the last fortnight observes plant strain growth situation daily after transplanting, and water content of substrate is observed, when water content of substrate contains lower than maximum
When water 40%, supplement clear water to the 60%~70% of maximum water-holding capacity；Tree crown can be given to spray clear water early, when late without sunlight direct projection；
S4. it transplants after two weeks, or after growing young leaves, is poured every two weeks with 0.1~0.2% fertilizer solution, continuous 3~4 times；Tree crown
Dedicated substrate fertilizer is changed to after with luxuriant foliage and spreading branches in leafy profusion, according to the ratio of 50~200 grams of release and release control fertilizers of each tree, application in every 3 months is primary.
The Tiny ecosystem cultivation circle plant trees method, feature be built in the ecosphere suitable for sapling growth water, fertilizer, gas,
Thermal environment, be conducive to trees enclosed at this in root and grow up strong and sturdy rapidly, be that trees are later in conch meal and gravel medium
Growth is laid a solid foundation.
As a kind of selectable embodiment, nursery stock is cultivated method particularly includes:
(1) heatable adobe sleeping platform of same size is dug down on the farm, culture apparatus is placed in hole according to the size of Tiny ecosystem cultivation circle before transplanting
In, it will be packed into 0.05~0.20 cubic metre of mixed-matrix in culture apparatus, digs diameter 30cm, the cultivation of deep 25cm at center
Hole, is placed in it for sapling and backfills and cover tree root with the matrix digged up again, then water to the 60%~70% of maximum water-holding capacity,
It is in close contact matrix and root with the mode of watering, also not stepped on foot with hand pressure.
(2) in trunk away from ground 2/3 overhead support, three struts after transplanting, the angle that strut is shown in strut projection is
120°；Blow down sapling to prevent strong wind.Strut can be bamboo pole, waddy or etch-proof metal.
(3) the last fortnight observes plant strain growth situation daily after transplanting, and observes water content of substrate, when water content of substrate is lower than most
When big water content 40%, supplement clear water to the 60%~70% of maximum water-holding capacity；It can be sprayed to tree crown early, when late without sunlight direct projection
Clear water.
(4) transplanting after two weeks, or after growing young leaves, is poured every two weeks with 0.1~0.2% fertilizer solution, continuous 3~4 times；
It is changed to dedicated substrate fertilising after tree crown is with luxuriant foliage and spreading branches in leafy profusion, according to the ratio of 50~200 grams of release and release control fertilizers of each tree, applies within every 3 months
Once.
Furthermore it is preferred that the culture apparatus is above-mentioned cultivation bed when cultivated plant is leaf vegetables；Cultivate the tool of leaf vegetables
Body method are as follows: away from 1~3cm of notch after dedicated substrate is loaded in slot, is compacted；Transplanting has the vegetable seedling of two panels true leaf, and spacing in the rows 8~
12cm waters after having transplanted to the 60%~70% of matrix maximum water-holding capacity.
Particularly preferably, when cultivated plant is leaf vegetables, the bottomed cylindrical shape culture apparatus is upper mouth width 15cm, bottom width
The hard polyethylene plastic channel of 10cm, depth 15cm, long 1 ~ 2 m, wall thickness 0.5mm.The buckle technical ability at slot both ends prevents matrix from slot
In be scattered, and water leaching superfluous in slot can be walked, vegetables is prevented to be flooded extremely.
As a kind of selectable embodiment, leaf vegetables is cultivated method particularly includes: appropriate dedicated substrate is loaded on slot
Away from 1~3cm of notch after interior, compacting；Transplanting has the vegetable seedling of two panels true leaf, and spacing in the rows 10cm, watering to matrix maximum is held after having transplanted
The 60%~70% of water；The working path of 80cm~100cm is stayed between one group, every group of several cultivation beds.Such cultivation bed can be in original
3~5 batches of leaf vegetables are cultivated repeatedly in ground.After 4 batches of plantation, it is proposed that mixed after doing the matrix sunning of all cultivation beds with new matrix 2:1
After refill slot use.
The characteristics of the present invention program: first, a kind of fertilizer conservation moisture-holding cultivation sapling dedicated substrate and its formula are provided, with disease-free
Sterile and inexpensive peat, coco bran, plant source (garden media) organic fertilizer, release and release control fertilizer are main material；Second, providing a kind of be suitble to
Conch meal and gritty texture and hot environment plant greening seedling and leaf vegetables, with the matched control released fertilizer special of dedicated substrate, guarantor
Water cross-linking agent, Nutrient Release meet trees, leaf vegetables growth demand, are suitable for conch meal and gravel hot environment, in height
Under warm environment nutrient will not too fast release and cause burn seedlings early period, later period nutrient will not be caused to supply because discharging early period excessive
Answer deficiency；Third, create one be suitable for conch meal and gravel medium, and with above-mentioned matrix be adapted retain water and nutrients, anti-stream
Micro-ecological environment is lost, as corresponding cultivation techniques.
Dedicated substrate of the present invention formula science, physicochemical character are stablized, and can adapt to conch meal and gritty texture soil very well
High temperature, rainy and brash environment, controlled-release effect is good, and Nutrient Release and supplying mode meet plant growth under hot environment and need
It asks, also adapts to the nutritive peculiarity of plant, water-retaining property is strong；It is combined with that planting pit surrounding and bottom assist degradable poly- second
Alkene film forms water-conservation seepage-resistance, releases and lose pond, building plant life suitable " ecological nest ", i.e. Anti-lost growth promotion Tiny ecosystem
Cultivation circle, greening seedling survive completely, and growth is fast, have reached in afforest island and planting vegetable without soil effect with filling in the sea to grow grain
Fruit.And matrix formulations and simple process, safety, practicable the factorial production are worth large scale application.
The invention has the following advantages:
Compared with current garden media, it is disease-free sterile salt-free that dedicated substrate is afforested in of the invention reclaiming land from the sea, safety, Bu Huizao
At the environmental pollution in the cultivation of tress area, pest and disease damage will not be caused by matrix, matrix is light without soil, conducive to long-distance transportation and makes
With.Control released fertilizer special of the invention is environmentally friendly dual control film-coated controlled release fertilizer, and nutrients release mode and plant absorption are kissed
It closes, utilization rate of fertilizer is high, not will cause the loss leaching loss and its pollution environment of nutrient, can be very good with conch meal and gravel
For plantation forest and the leaf vegetables on the ground of reclaiming land from the sea of main medium.
Have using the dedicated substrate and fertilizer using conch meal and gravel as the plantation on the ground of reclaiming land from the sea of main medium
Following feature:
(1) dedicated substrate of the invention provides mixture and dedicated fertilizer, crosslinking agent composition, is cultivated in conjunction with the Tiny ecosystem of offer
Circle and cultivation technique can be that trees and vegetable growth are built in, conch meal and gravel medium that fertility is extremely low very poor in permeability
One excellent growing environment realizes the coordination of water, fertilizer, air and heat.
(2) invent matrix is sterile, no disease and pests harm, be conducive to protection harm and build up fields the environment and ecological safety in base.
(3) special coated controlled release fertilizer material is the dual control film-coated controlled release fertilizer that slow control combines, and nutrients release is not only able to satisfy tree
Wood and leaf vegetables need fertilizer, and can fertilizer conservation, fertilizer loss leaching loss will not be generated and pollute environment.It is sufficiently large in tree root,
Or before not being deep into conch meal and gravel medium, demand of the trees to nutrient and moisture can be fully met.
(4) matrix provided by the invention, fertilizer and cultivation technique can ensure that trees 100% in conch meal and gravel medium
It survives, realizes and build the woods in the area of filling in the sea to grow grain of conch meal and gravel medium.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is Tiny ecosystem cultivation circle culture substrate bag specification schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is influence of the invention that afforest dedicated substrate and mud-flat soil to horse-tail hat width of reclaiming land from the sea.
Fig. 3 is influence of the invention that afforest dedicated substrate and mud-flat soil to the horse-tail diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground of reclaiming land from the sea.
Fig. 4 is influence of the invention that afforest dedicated substrate and mud-flat soil to the wooden pittosporum tobira hat width of reclaiming land from the sea.
Fig. 5 is the cultivation bed and cultural method schematic diagram that dedicated substrate cultivates leaf vegetables.
Fig. 6 be dedicated substrate and cultivation bed combine to two season romaine lettuce yield influence.
Fig. 7 is substrate culture green plants and leaf vegetables control released fertilizer special fertilizer curve.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with Figure of description and specific embodiment, but embodiment is not to the present invention
It limits in any form.Unless stated otherwise, the present invention uses reagent, method and apparatus routinely try for the art
Agent, method and apparatus.
Unless stated otherwise, following embodiment agents useful for same and material are commercially available.
Following embodiment is control with conventional soil, by comparing with dedicated substrate of the invention and cultural method, is ground
Study carefully the influence that dedicated substrate and its application method grow sapling and leaf vegetables, examines the application effect of the art of this patent and product.
1 kind of plant horse-tail of embodiment
1, dedicated substrate is prepared
(1) peat and salt-free coco bran pass through disease-free sterile salt-free harmless treatment, ensure that you do not bring island into germ insect pest.With
The non-animal excreta plant source organic materials such as crop material, urban afforestation lop is raw material, is formed with by high temperature compost
Machine fertilizer, it is disease-free sterile salt-free harmless.
(2) by three kinds of above-mentioned peat, coco bran, organic fertilizer raw materials cross 5mm ~ 15mm sieve after, according to 0.1 ~ 1:0.5 of volume ratio ~
Then the ratio ingredient of 1:0.1 ~ 1 is uniformly mixed in batch mixer, is prepared into mixture.
(3) 1000 liters of above-mentioned mixture (volume) is taken, with 8 ~ 10 kilograms of film-coated controlled release fertilizer (fertilizer efficiency containing middle microelement
Phase 240 days dual control film-coated controlled release fertilizers, CRF240), the cooperation of 3 kilograms of water-retaining type macromolecule crosslink agents, mixed in batch mixer
Uniformly up to dedicated substrate.
Wherein, the dual control film-coated controlled release fertilizer that film-coated controlled release fertilizer is fertilizer efficiency period 240 ~ 360 days, CRF24 0 or CRF360.
2, horse-tail is planted
(1) prepare culture apparatus (Tiny ecosystem cultivation circle): diameter 80cm, high 40cm, the cylinder of thickness 0.45mm have bottom plastics
Culturing pot, for surrounding away from the above aperture of bottom surface 10cm, the diameter in hole is 2cm, the center Kong Yukong away from for 15cm, bottom surface from centre point to
Outside, aperture at radius 20cm, the diameter in hole are 2cm, and the center Kong Yukong is away from for 15cm.Circle culture substrate is cultivated as Tiny ecosystem
Bag (Fig. 1).
(2) in the crop field that Hainan Le Dong apposition conch meal and gravel are reclaimed land from the sea, the cylinder of diameter 80cm, depth 40cm are dug
Tiny ecosystem is cultivated circle culture substrate bag and is placed in hole, is then charged into 200 and go up the dedicated substrate for stating preparation by heatable adobe sleeping platform, after compacting,
The cultivation pit of diameter 30cm, depth 25cm are dug from the center of bag, is then colonized horse-tail sapling, cover tree root with the matrix dug out.
Watering is in close contact matrix and root with the mode of watering, also should not with hand pressure to the 60% of matrix maximum water-holding capacity after field planting
It is stepped on foot.20 basins are planted altogether, are 20 repetitions.
In trunk away from ground 2/3 overhead support, three struts after transplanting, the angle that strut is shown in strut projection is 120 °；With
Anti- strong wind blows down sapling.Strut can be bamboo pole, waddy or etch-proof metal.The last fortnight observes plant strain growth daily after transplanting
Situation observes water content of substrate, when water content of substrate is lower than maximum water holding capacity 40%, supplement clear water to the 60% of maximum water-holding capacity
~70%；Tree crown can be given to spray clear water early, when late without sunlight direct projection.Transplanting after two weeks, or after growing young leaves, every two weeks with 0.1
~0.2% fertilizer solution is poured, and continuous 3~4 times；Be changed to after tree crown is with luxuriant foliage and spreading branches in leafy profusion dedicated substrate fertilising, according to each tree 50~
The ratio of 200 grams of release and release control fertilizers, application in every 3 months are primary.
3, reference examples are set
Reference examples 1: other than culture substrate is using the mud-flat soil of Hainan Le Dong, basin alms bowl size, serike, water and fertilizer management etc.
Measure is same as Example 1.
4, by 1 year experiment periods, the growing way of two groups of trees is observed and recorded.Embodiment 1 and reference examples 1 are preced with horse-tail
Fig. 2 is shown in the influence of width and the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground.
By Fig. 2 result as it can be seen that after being transplanted horse-tail 1 year on 1 dedicated substrate of embodiment and the pure soil of reference examples 1, wood fiber crops
Yellow survival rate reaches 100%, and the hat width of horse-tail increases respectively to 171cm and 159cm from the 118cm before transplanting.Wherein,
Hat width in dedicated substrate increases 7.5% than hat width in the soil.
Hat width in dedicated substrate is that culture of Casuarina is on the mud-flat soil of Hainan Le Dong with the reason of soil greatly
(simulation is with reclaiming land from the sea), Soil salinity is high, nutrient content is low, retain water and nutrients ability is poor, and nutrient is by dedicated in dedicated substrate
Release and release control fertilizer and organic fertilizer are supplied, and the peat and coco bran in mechanism have stronger water holding capacity, under suitable proportion, dedicated base
Matter has stronger retain water and nutrients feeder capability, lower salinity compared with mud-flat soil, compared with sufficient nutrient.As it can be seen that purer sand soil
For earth, the growth of horse-tail hat width is more conducive to dedicated substrate cultivation horse-tail.
By Fig. 3 the result shows that, the horse-tail diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground cultivated in dedicated substrate than transplant before obvious thickening, dedicated substrate,
The horse-tail diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground of mud-flat soil cultivation is respectively than increasing 41% and 19% before transplanting.The diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground ratio of horse-tail exists in dedicated substrate
The diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground in mud-flat soil increases 18%.One of reason lies also in dedicated substrate has stronger retain water and nutrients to supply compared with mud-flat soil
Fertile ability, lower salinity, compared with sufficient nutrient.As it can be seen that purer sandy soil, is more advantageous to dedicated substrate cultivation horse-tail
Horse-tail breast diameter growth.
2 kinds of plant pittosporum tobiras of embodiment
1, dedicated substrate is prepared
(1) peat and salt-free coco bran pass through disease-free sterile salt-free harmless treatment, ensure that you do not bring island into germ insect pest.With
The non-animal excreta plant source organic materials such as crop material, urban afforestation lop is raw material, is formed with by high temperature compost
Machine fertilizer, it is disease-free sterile salt-free harmless.
(2) by three kinds of above-mentioned peat, coco bran, organic fertilizer raw materials cross 5mm ~ 10mm sieve after, according to 0.1 ~ 1:1 of volume ratio ~
Then the ratio ingredient of 1.5:0.5 ~ 1 is uniformly mixed in batch mixer, is prepared into mixture.
(3) 1000 liters of above-mentioned mixture (volume) is taken, with 8 ~ 15 kilograms of film-coated controlled release fertilizer (fertilizer efficiency containing middle microelement
Phase 240 ~ 360 days dual control film-coated controlled release fertilizers, CRF240 or CRF360), the cooperation of 3 ~ 5 kilograms of water-retaining type macromolecule crosslink agents,
It is uniformly mixed in batch mixer up to dedicated substrate.
Wherein, the dual control film-coated controlled release fertilizer that film-coated controlled release fertilizer is fertilizer efficiency period 240 days, CRF240.
2, pittosporum tobira is planted
Implantation methods are the same as embodiment 1.
3, reference examples are set
Reference examples 2: other than culture substrate is using the mud-flat soil of Hainan Le Dong, basin alms bowl size, serike, water and fertilizer management etc.
Measure is same as Example 2.
4, by 1 year experiment periods, the growing way of two groups of trees is observed and recorded.Embodiment 2 and reference examples 2 are to pittosporum tobira hat width
Influence see Fig. 4.
The results show that pittosporum tobira equal energy normal growth on dedicated substrate and mud-flat soil, survival rate is 100%.It is transplanting
Hat width significantly increases in 1 year afterwards, and wherein the hat width increase in dedicated substrate becomes apparent from, and the basic seedling before relatively transplanting increases
61%, mud-flat soil increases 44%.
Should the result shows that, dedicated substrate of the invention be more advantageous to pittosporum tobira growth and hat width increase.Its reason is lain also in
Dedicated substrate has stronger retain water and nutrients feeder capability, lower salinity compared with mud-flat soil, compared with sufficient nutrient.As it can be seen that with specially
Be conducive to it with substrate culture pittosporum tobira and expand rapidly hat width, achievees the effect that greening.
3 kinds of plant romaine lettuce of embodiment
1, dedicated substrate is prepared
(1) peat and salt-free coco bran pass through disease-free sterile salt-free harmless treatment, ensure that you do not bring island into germ insect pest.With
The non-animal excreta plant source organic materials such as crop material, urban afforestation lop is raw material, is formed with by high temperature compost
Machine fertilizer, it is disease-free sterile salt-free harmless.
(2) after three kinds of above-mentioned peat, coco bran, organic fertilizer raw materials being crossed 5mm ~ 10mm sieve, according to volume ratio 0.5 ~ 1:1 ~ 2:
Then 0.5 ~ 1 ratio ingredient is uniformly mixed in batch mixer, is prepared into mixture.
(3) 1000 liters of above-mentioned mixture (volume) is taken, with 5 ~ 8 kilograms of film-coated controlled release fertilizer (fertilizer efficiency containing middle microelement
Phase 30 ~ 60 days dual control film-coated controlled release fertilizers, CRFCRF30 or CRF60), the cooperation of 1 ~ 3 kilogram of water-retaining type macromolecule crosslink agent,
It is uniformly mixed in batch mixer up to dedicated substrate.
Wherein, the dual control film-coated controlled release fertilizer that film-coated controlled release fertilizer is fertilizer efficiency period 30 days, CRF30.
2, romaine lettuce is planted
(1) prepare culture apparatus (Tiny ecosystem cultivation bed): upper mouth width 15cm, bottom width 10cm, depth 15cm, long 1~2 m, wall thickness
The both ends setting buckle of the hard polyethylene plastic channel of 0.5mm, slot seals, and groove top is open type, and the buckle technical ability at slot both ends is anti-
Only matrix is scattered from slot, and can walk water leaching superfluous in slot, and vegetables is prevented to be flooded extremely.
(2) away from notch 2cm after appropriate dedicated substrate being loaded in slot, being compacted.Transplanting has the romaine lettuce seedling of two panels true leaf, transplanting
When in slot matrix small wooden push the hole more somewhat larger than romaine lettuce seedling substrate block aside, substrate block is placed in hole, periphery is then used
Matrix seal the gap on substrate block periphery, spacing in the rows 10cm.It waters after having transplanted to the 60% of matrix maximum water-holding capacity.Every 6 cultivations
The working path (Fig. 5) of 80cm~100cm is stayed between one group of slot, every group of training.Staff is at arm's length when service aisle works
Range is exactly three cultivation beds, facilitates its transplanting, fertilising, spray etc., such cultivation bed can cultivate in situ 3~5 batches repeatedly
Leaf vegetables.After 4 batches of plantation, it is proposed that the matrix of all cultivation beds is removed and is mixed, dry it is dry after mixed with new matrix 2:1 after tankage again
It uses.
3, result such as Fig. 6
Using the matrix of embodiment 3, for the winter most beneficial for Growth of Lettuce and be unfavorable for Growth of Lettuce summer lettuce and
Speech, romaine lettuce can normal growth.The yield of winter romaine lettuce is greater than the yield of summer lettuce, this and the result of soil cultivation complete one
It causes.Winter romaine lettuce is 551 ± 35 grams in the fresh vegetable yield for the romaine lettuce that one meter of cultivation bed is grown, and conversion per mu yield is 2450 kilograms.
Summer is 156 ± 9 grams in the fresh vegetable yield for the romaine lettuce that one meter of cultivation bed is grown, and conversion per mu yield is 694 kilograms.It is possible thereby to agree
It is fixed, the leaf vegetables such as Lettuce in Soilless Culture may be implemented using the dedicated substrate and romaine lettuce cultivation technique of embodiment 3, solve to reclaim land from the sea
Demand of the regional resident personnel's daily life to vegetables.
4 dual control film-coated controlled release fertilizer nutrient of embodiment releases rate test
Control released fertilizer special in Examples 1 and 2 is to specialize in landscape tree growth fertilizer used, the dedicated control in embodiment 3
Release fertilizer is the fertilizer for specializing in leaf vegetables.The former grows in the long-term four seasons, and the fertilizer efficiency period of required fertilizer is long, general fertilizer applied in the spring season, fertilizer efficiency
Phase can ensure 8 months；The latter's growth period general 40~50 days, fertilizer efficiency period was within 60.For the plant that growth period is long
Object, nutrient supply should be that early period is slow, and mid-term is fast, and the later period is slow once again, this is exactly " S " sigmoid growth curve.It can from Fig. 7 result
See, not only CRF240, i.e., the controlled release phase of fertilizer used in Examples 1 and 2, the nutrient supply time supplied at 240 days at 240 days
Fertile curve is " S " type, illustrates that the fertilizer that Examples 1 and 2 provide is suitable for substrate culture horse-tail and pittosporum tobira.May be used also from Fig. 7 result
With discovery, the nutrient release curve for the CRF60 of leaf vegetables growth is inverted "L" shape or class linear type, and this supply dope just accords with
The growth periods such as symphysis dish short leaf vegetables regulation of fertilizer requirement, i.e., the slow and suitable fertilizer that the growth period of leaf vegetables can substantially at the uniform velocity.It can
See, CRF60 is adapted for the Suitable controlled-release fertilizer of substrate culture leaf vegetables.
The formulation optimization of 5 dedicated substrate of embodiment
By largely exploring and optimize experiment, the dedicated substrate preferred plan below for three classes plant is obtained:
(1) nursery stocks such as horse-tail, pittosporum tobira:
Mixture is the mixture of 0.5 part of peat, 1 part of coco bran, garden media organic fertilizer 0.5 part (0.5:1:0.5), three kinds of raw materials
Optimized particle size 5mm ~ 10mm.
Best release and release control fertilizer is the film-coated controlled release fertilizer that film layer is 3 layers, and fertilizer efficiency period is 300 days；Every cubic metre of mixture is matched
With 10kg Controlled Release Fertilizer and 3kg water-retaining type macromolecule crosslink agent.
(2) leaf vegetables:
Mixture is the mixture of 1 part of peat, 1 part of coco bran, garden media organic fertilizer 0.5 part (1:1:0.5), and three kinds of raw materials are most
Excellent partial size 5mm.
Best release and release control fertilizer is the film-coated controlled release fertilizer that film layer is 2 layers, and fertilizer efficiency period is 30 days；Every cubic metre of mixture is equipped with
5kg Controlled Release Fertilizer and 2kg water-retaining type macromolecule crosslink agent.
The above embodiment is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but embodiments of the present invention are not by above-described embodiment
Limitation, other any changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention,
It should be equivalent substitute mode, be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of apposition conch meal and gravel are reclaimed land from the sea, dedicated substrate is afforested in soil, which is characterized in that including mixture, dual control
Vegetable oil film-coated controlled release fertilizer and water-retaining type macromolecule crosslink agent, proportions are as follows: be equipped with 1~50,000 in every 1000 liters of mixtures
Gram dual control vegetable oil film-coated controlled release fertilizer and 1~6 kilogram of water-retaining type macromolecule crosslink agent；The mixture is peat, coco bran, has
The mixture of machine fertilizer.
2. dedicated substrate according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the mixture is by volume ratio 0.1~1:0.5~3:
0.1~1 peat, coco bran, organic fertilizer composition.
3. dedicated substrate according to claim 1 or claim 2, which is characterized in that the coco bran is salt-free coco bran, and the organic fertilizer is
Plant source organic fertilizer.
4. dedicated substrate according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the specifics of the dual control vegetable oil film-coated controlled release fertilizer
Matter is as follows:
(1) core fertilizer is the nitrogen containing sustained release, and nutrient analysis formula is the sustained release nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer of 15-15-15-TE；
(2) it is core fertilizer by compound coating, is prepared into the vegetable oil film-coated controlled release fertilizer that fertilizer efficiency period is 8m~10m；
(3) core fertilizer is nitrogenous, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulphur, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, boron, and fertilizer is in subacidity to neutral；
(4) its Nutrient Release Characteristics curve: for throughout the year raw green plants, nutrient release curve is " S " type；For leaf vegetables
Class is then in inverted "L" shape or class linear type.
5. a kind of culture apparatus for filling out Haiti plantation suitable for apposition conch meal and gravel, which is characterized in that when cultivated plant is seedling
When wooden, the culture apparatus is bottomed cylindrical shape culture apparatus, and the middle and lower part of surrounding sets aperture, and bottom surface sets aperture；Work as cultivation
When plant is leaf vegetables, the culture apparatus is cultivation bed, and the both ends setting buckle of slot seals, and groove top is open type.
6. culture apparatus according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the diameter 0.4 of the bottomed cylindrical shape culture apparatus
~0.8m, high 35~45cm, 0.3~0.5mm of thickness, and its surrounding away from the above aperture of bottom surface 10cm, the diameter in hole is 1.5~
The center 2.5cm, Kong Yukong is away from for 10~20cm, and bottom surface is outside from centre point, and the diameter of aperture at 15~25cm of radius, hole is
The center 1.5~2.5cm, Kong Yukong is away from for 10~20cm；Upper 10~20cm of mouth width, the 8~12cm of bottom width, deep 10 of the cultivation bed
~20cm, long 1~2 m, 0.3~1.0mm of wall thickness.
7. a kind of method for filling out Haiti plantation suitable for apposition conch meal and gravel, which comprises the steps of: quasi- first
The standby culture apparatus of claim 5 or 6, is embedded in underground after its surrounding is opened several holes, then in fill out Claims 1 to 44 and appoint
One dedicated substrate, then plant is transplanted wherein.
8. the method according to the description of claim 7 is characterized in that the culture apparatus is power when cultivated plant is nursery stock
Benefit requires the 5 or 6 bottomed cylindrical shape culture apparatus, and specific implantation methods are as follows:
S1. after bottomed cylindrical shape culture apparatus being embedded in heatable adobe sleeping platform, it is packed into dedicated substrate, cultivation pit is dug out at center, transplants sapling,
Then it waters to the 60%~70% of maximum water-holding capacity, is in close contact matrix and root with the mode of watering, does not press；
S2. transplant after around trunk frame upper support bar, strut and strut projection between angle be 110 °~130 °；
S3. the last fortnight observes plant strain growth situation daily after transplanting, and observation maintains water content of substrate；
S4. it transplants after two weeks or after sapling grows young leaves, periodically applies fertilizer；Dedicated substrate fertilizer is changed to after tree crown is with luxuriant foliage and spreading branches in leafy profusion, it is fixed
Phase application.
9. the method according to the description of claim 7 is characterized in that the culture apparatus is power when cultivated plant is leaf vegetables
Benefit requires 5 or 6 cultivation beds, cultivates leaf vegetables method particularly includes: dedicated substrate is loaded in slot, compacting, transplants vegetable seedling, moved
It waters after having planted to the 60%~70% of matrix maximum water-holding capacity.
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| CN109169178B (en) | 2021-02-19 |
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