CN109167043A - 溶剂热连锁聚合法制备高分子复合电极材料 - Google Patents
溶剂热连锁聚合法制备高分子复合电极材料 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109167043A CN109167043A CN201811031906.4A CN201811031906A CN109167043A CN 109167043 A CN109167043 A CN 109167043A CN 201811031906 A CN201811031906 A CN 201811031906A CN 109167043 A CN109167043 A CN 109167043A
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- combination electrode
- polymerization method
- chain polymerization
- carbon
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- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910021392 nanocarbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- -1 wherein Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 37
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 20
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 7
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical group O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001870 ammonium persulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- UBEWDCMIDFGDOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(2+);cobalt(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Co+2].[Co+3].[Co+3] UBEWDCMIDFGDOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052751 metal Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021627 Tin(IV) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 claims description 4
- HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 4
- ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc nitrate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- YNJSNEKCXVFDKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(5-amino-1h-indol-3-yl)-2-azaniumylpropanoate Chemical compound C1=C(N)C=C2C(CC(N)C(O)=O)=CNC2=C1 YNJSNEKCXVFDKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003233 pyrroles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004966 Carbon aerogel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052493 LiFePO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021586 Nickel(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ba+2] RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001863 barium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940011182 cobalt acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Co+2] GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001981 cobalt nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(II) acetate Chemical compound [Co+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- OVAQODDUFGFVPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium cobalt(2+) dioxido(dioxo)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[Mn](=O)(=O)([O-])[O-].[Co+2] OVAQODDUFGFVPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940071125 manganese acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940099596 manganese sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- UOGMEBQRZBEZQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);diacetate Chemical compound [Mn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O UOGMEBQRZBEZQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ni+2] BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(ii) nitrate Chemical group [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960001841 potassium permanganate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019394 potassium persulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- AKUNSTOMHUXJOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hydroperoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOO AKUNSTOMHUXJOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 claims 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000006193 liquid solution Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000011206 ternary composite Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 31
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 25
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 11
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- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 8
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- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 description 5
- GKWLILHTTGWKLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxine Chemical compound O1CCOC2=CSC=C21 GKWLILHTTGWKLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C60 fullerene Chemical compound C12=C3C(C4=C56)=C7C8=C5C5=C9C%10=C6C6=C4C1=C1C4=C6C6=C%10C%10=C9C9=C%11C5=C8C5=C8C7=C3C3=C7C2=C1C1=C2C4=C6C4=C%10C6=C9C9=C%11C5=C5C8=C3C3=C7C1=C1C2=C4C6=C2C9=C5C3=C12 XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 101100534511 Gekko japonicus STMN1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910003472 fullerene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 4
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 3
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
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- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrosoferric oxide Chemical compound O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002464 physical blending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- QCSYJICXNUHBML-CGCNXJRXSA-N (6ar,9r,10ar)-n-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-n-(ethylcarbamoyl)-7-prop-2-enyl-6,6a,8,9,10,10a-hexahydro-4h-indolo[4,3-fg]quinoline-9-carboxamide;phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O.C1=CC([C@H]2C[C@H](CN(CC=C)[C@@H]2C2)C(=O)N(CCCN(C)C)C(=O)NCC)=C3C2=CNC3=C1 QCSYJICXNUHBML-CGCNXJRXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011001 backwashing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- QGUAJWGNOXCYJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O QGUAJWGNOXCYJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- AEJIMXVJZFYIHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Cu] AEJIMXVJZFYIHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000002484 cyclic voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012983 electrochemical energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940056319 ferrosoferric oxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002048 multi walled nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- SPIFDSWFDKNERT-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Ni] SPIFDSWFDKNERT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001925 ruthenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000002525 ultrasonication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/32—Carbon-based
- H01G11/36—Nanostructures, e.g. nanofibres, nanotubes or fullerenes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/46—Metal oxides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/48—Conductive polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种溶剂热连锁聚合法制备高分子复合电极材料,通过简单的一步溶剂热连锁聚合法就能制备出具有良好的电化学性能的高分子复合电极材料。本方法具体包括以下步骤:将含有高分子单体、材料A以及引发剂的混合液在一定反应温度下进行溶剂热反应;然后将反应物洗涤干燥,得到高分子复合电极材料,其中,材料A为碳基材料、金属化合物、或碳基材料和金属化合物的混合物,相应的高分子复合电极材料为碳/高分子复合电极材料、金属氧化物/高分子复合电极材料、碳/金属氧化物/高分子三元复合电极材料。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于电极材料领域,具体涉及一种溶剂热连锁聚合法制备高分子复合电极材料。
技术背景
随着世界人口的增加,人们对需要消耗能源的电器依赖程度不断增加,与此同时严重的环境问题,这将对人类的健康、能源安全和环境构成严重威胁,因此迫切需要开发高效的电化学储能设备,当前的储能设备有太阳能电池、燃料电池、锂离子电池和超级电容器。这些储能设备的性能很大程度上取决于内部电极材料的性质。
电极材料主要分为碳基材料、金属氧化物和聚合物材料。其中碳基材料包括碳纳米管、碳纤维、石墨烯、活性炭等,其具有优异的导电性和电化学稳定性,但比容量相对较低;金属氧化物包括金属氧化物包括氧化钌、四氧化三钴、二氧化锰、氧化镍、四氧化三铁、二氧化锡和二氧化钛等,金属氧化物具有较高的理论比电容,但其导电性差,且电化学过程中体积变化大,导致循环稳定性较差。聚合物材料包括聚苯胺(PANI)、聚噻吩(PTh)、聚吡咯(PPy)、聚3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩(PEDOT)等,其具有较高的理论比电容、良好的导电性和机械柔韧性,但循环寿命较短。基于性能互补性原则,将聚合物与碳基材料或金属氧化物复合,可以发挥协同效应,提升复合电极材料的综合性能。
目前合成这种高分子复合电极材料的方法有离位物理共混、原位化学氧化聚合、电化学聚合等。预先合成聚合物材料再与碳基材料离位物理共混的方法简单,但是碳基材料通常会不可逆的团聚在一起形成大的团块,导致碳基材料在溶剂中的分散性降低,影响性能的发挥。原位化学氧化聚合和电化学聚合生产过程对反应条件要求较高。例如文献报道的采用水热法合成石墨烯/PANI复合电极材料,需要预先将苯胺、表面活性剂、引发剂,在冰浴下搅拌24h,生成PANI分散液,然后将PANI分散液与石墨烯分散液混合,最后再进行水热反应得到石墨烯/PANI复合电极材料。该方法工序复杂、产率低,不适合大规模生产应用。因此开发一种高效便捷、低成本的高分子复合电极材料的方法非常重要。
发明内容
本发明是为了解决上述问题而进行的,目的在于提供一种溶剂热连锁聚合法制备高分子复合电极材料,通过简单的一步溶剂热连锁聚合法就能制备出具有良好的电化学性能的高分子复合电极材料。
本发明为了实现上述目的,采用了以下方案:
本发明提供一种溶剂热连锁聚合法制备高分子复合电极材料,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:将含有聚合物单体、材料A以及引发剂的混合液在一定温度下进行溶剂热处理,单体在材料A表面发生连锁聚合反应生成电活性高分子;然后将反应物洗涤干燥,得到高分子复合电极材料,其中,材料A为碳基材料、金属化合物、或碳基材料和金属化合物的混合物,相应的高分子复合电极材料为碳/高分子复合电极材料、金属氧化物/高分子复合电极材料、碳/金属氧化物/聚合物三元复合电极材料。
优选地,本发明提供的溶剂热连锁聚合法制备高分子复合电极材料,还可以具有以下特征:反应温度为120~250℃,反应时间为4~16h。
优选地,本发明提供的溶剂热连锁聚合法制备高分子复合电极材料,还可以具有以下特征:材料A的分散液为:将材料A加入溶剂中,超声5~30min后形成的溶液。
优选地,本发明提供的溶剂热连锁聚合法制备高分子复合电极材料,还可以具有以下特征:碳基材料为石墨烯、乙炔黑、碳纳米管、活性炭、碳纤维、碳气凝胶中的任意一种。
优选地,本发明提供的溶剂热连锁聚合法还可以具有以下特征:金属化合物为金属氧化物或金属盐,金属氧化物为二氧化钛、二氧化钌、二氧化锰、四氧化三钴、氧化镍、氧化铁、氧化锌、二氧化锡中的至少一种,金属盐为硝酸镍、氯化镍、醋酸钴、氯化钴、硝酸钴、硫酸锰、高锰酸钾、醋酸锰、氢氧化铜、氢氧化钡、氢氧化钠、氢氧化镍、磷酸铁锂、氯化锡、四氯化锡、三氯化铁、硝酸锌、钛酸锂、镍钴锰酸锂中的至少一种。
优选地,本发明提供的溶剂热连锁聚合法制备高分子复合电极材料,还可以具有以下特征:聚合物单体为3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩、苯胺、吡咯、噻吩、(VETEM)、(STBA)、(STMN)中的至少一种。
优选地,本发明提供的溶剂热连锁聚合法制备高分子复合电极材料,还可以具有以下特征:引发剂为三氯化铁、过硫酸铵、过硫酸钾、偶氮二异丁氰、过氧化苯甲酸、叔丁基过氧化氢中的任意一种。
优选地,本发明提供的溶剂热连锁聚合法制备高分子复合电极材料,还可以具有以下特征:在混合液中,溶剂为水、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、乙醇、丙醇、二氯甲烷中的至少一种。
优选地,本发明提供的溶剂热连锁聚合法制备高分子复合电极材料,还可以具有以下特征:混合液的配置方法为:首先将聚合物单体与材料A于溶液中混合均匀,然后再加入引发剂并混合均匀。
优选地,本发明提供的溶剂热连锁聚合法制备高分子复合电极材料,还可以具有以下特征:混合液的配置方法为:将聚合物单体溶于溶剂中超声5~30min形成单体溶液,将材料A加入溶剂中超声5~30min形成A溶液,然后将单体溶液与A溶液混合,搅拌5~30min,形成形成初混液;再将引发剂加入初混液中,搅拌并超声数分钟。
以上所有超声处理过程的功率均为100~600W。另外,制备得到的碳/高分子复合电极材料中,碳基材料的质量百分比为:5~30%;金属氧化物/高分子复合电极材料中,金属氧化物的质量百分比为:10~60%;碳/金属氧化物/聚合物三元复合电极材料中,碳基材料的质量百分比为:5~20%,金属氧化物的质量百分比为:20-60%,聚合物的质量百分比为:10~30%。
发明的作用与效果
本发明将聚合物单体、碳基材料或金属化合物、引发剂混合在一起通过简单的一步溶剂热法,使单体通过连锁聚合反应直接在碳基材料或金属氧化物表面聚合,制备出高分子复合电极材料,聚合物与碳材料或金属氧化物结合,有利于发挥协同效应,得到具有比电容高、倍率性能好且循环寿命长的电化学储能电极材料。金属离子与聚合物单体通过溶剂热连锁聚合法得到的金属氧化物/高分子复合电极材料中,聚合物的包覆作用也可使金属化物颗粒尺寸趋向于更小化,同样增大了比表面积,进而提高性能。
特别是,碳基材料为氧化石墨烯的情况下,氧化石墨烯还可通过溶剂热同步还原成石墨烯,提高复合材料导电性,并且聚合物均匀附着在石墨烯上,有效提升活性材料的比表面积,使活性材料与电解液的有效接触面积增大,从而提高比电容,同时抑制聚合物在充放电过程中的体积变化,提升材料的循环稳定性。
综上,本方法过程简单、高效、形貌和结构可控,并且生产成本低,非常易于工业化和节能环保,为发展低成本、高性能的高分子复合电极材料提供了理论依据和实践基础,也为能源危机和环境问题的解决开辟了新的方向。
附图说明
图1为实施例一种制备的石墨烯/PEDOT复合电极材料的扫描电镜(SEM)图;
图2为实施例一中制备的石墨烯/PEDOT复合电极材料的透射电子显微镜(TEM)图;
图3为实施例一中制备的石墨烯/PEDOT复合电极材料的循环伏安(CV)曲线图;
图4为实施例一中制备的石墨烯/PEDOT复合电极材料的恒电流充放电(GCD)曲线图;
图5为实施例一中制备的石墨烯/PEDOT复合电极材料的循环稳定性曲线图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明涉及的溶剂热连锁聚合法制备高分子复合电极材料的具体实施方案进行详细地说明。
<实施例一>
本实施例一中是通过溶剂热连锁聚合法制备石墨烯/PEDOT复合电极材料。
制备方法:
1)称取25mg的氧化石墨烯,加入25mL的蒸馏水,并在200W的超声功率下超声30min,制成氧化石墨烯分散液。
2)称取0.355g的EDOT,溶于12.5mL乙醇和蒸馏水按体积比1:1配好的溶液中,搅拌均匀,然后加入上述氧化石墨烯分散液中,混合搅拌10min。
3)称取1.014g三氯化铁溶于12.5mL的蒸馏水中,随后加入到EDOT和氧化石墨烯的混合溶液中,一起混合搅拌10min,并超声10min。
4)将最后得到的溶液转移至聚四氟乙烯内衬中,再将内衬放入反应釜中进行溶剂热反应。反应的温度为180℃,反应时间为12h。
5)待反应结束温度降至室温后,取出产物用水和乙醇反复洗涤、抽滤至滤液澄清透明,滤饼在真空干燥箱下干燥,干燥温度为80℃,干燥时间为24h。
性能表征:
将所得的石墨烯/PEDOT复合电极材料采用扫描电镜和透射电镜进行拍摄,其形貌如图1和2所示,可以观察到PEDOT聚合物大小是纳米尺寸并且均匀附着在石墨烯片层上。
进一步将所得的石墨烯/PEDOT复合电极材料制成电容器进行测试,如图3~4所示,该复合电极材料在扫描速率为10mV/s进行循环伏安测试时,比电容量达到415F/g;在电流密度为2.5A/g进行充放电测试时,比电容达到248F/g,表明该复合电极材料具有较高的比电容量;如图5所示,对该复合电极材料进行5000次充放电循环,比电容量保持率仍达到81%,表明其具有较高的电容保持率。
本方法制备的复合电极材料的性能优于大部分文献报道,例如采用化学氧化法制备PEDOT/多壁碳纳米管/石墨烯复合电极材料(Synthetic Metals,2014,189:69-76),其在电流密度为0.5A/g的时候比电容量只有133F/g,并且其复合电极材料循环4000圈后比电容保持率为88%。此外,采用电沉积法制备的MnO2/PEDOT复合电极材料(Journal of theAmerican Chemical Society,2008,130(10):2942-2943)在电流密度为5mA/cm2时的比电容量仅为210F/g,且制备方法比本发明方法复杂。
<实施例二>
本实施例二中,通过溶剂热连锁聚合法制备碳纳米管/PANI复合电极材料,具体包括如下步骤:
1)称取50mg碳纳米管,加入25mL乙醇和蒸馏水按体积比1:1配好的溶液,并在400W的超声功率下超声30min。
2)量取1mL的苯胺单体,加入到预先超声处理好的碳纳米管分散液混合搅拌15min。
3)称取1.38g无水三氯化铁溶于15mL的蒸馏水中,随后加入到苯胺单体和碳纳米管的混合溶液中一起混合搅拌10min,并超声10min。
4)将最后得到的混合溶液转移至聚四氟乙烯内衬中,再将内衬放入反应釜中进行溶剂热反应,反应的温度为120℃,反应时间为10h。
5)待反应结束温度降至室温后,取出产物用水和乙醇反复洗涤至洗出液澄清透明,随后抽滤,在真空干燥箱下干燥,干燥温度为60℃,干燥时间为24h。
<实施例三>
本实施例三中,通过溶剂热连锁聚合法制备碳纤维/PTh复合电极材料,具体包括如下步骤:
1)称取25mg的碳纤维,加入25mL乙醇和蒸馏水按体积比1:1配好的溶液,并在200W的超声功率下超声30min。
2)称取0.355g的噻吩,溶于12.5mL乙醇和蒸馏水按体积比1:1配好的溶液中,搅拌均匀,然后加入预先超声处理好的碳纤维分散液混合搅拌10min。
3)称取1.014g无水三氯化铁溶于12.5mL的蒸馏水中,随后加入到噻吩和碳纤维的混合溶液中一起混合搅拌10min,并超声10min。
4)将最后得到的溶液转移至聚四氟乙烯内衬中,再将内衬放入反应釜中进行溶剂热反应,反应的温度为150℃,反应时间为12h。
5)待反应结束温度降至室温后,取出产物用水和乙醇反复洗涤至洗出液澄清透明,随后抽滤,在真空干燥箱下干燥,干燥温度为80℃,干燥时间为12h。
<实施例四>
本实施例四中,通过溶剂热连锁聚合法制备富勒烯/PPy复合电极材料,具体包括如下步骤:
1)称取30mg的富勒烯,加入30mL的蒸馏水,并在400W的超声功率下超声30min。
2)量取1.5mL的吡咯单体溶于10mL乙醇和蒸馏水按体积比1:1配好的溶液中,搅拌均匀并加入到预先超声好的富勒烯分散液中混合搅拌10min。
3)称取1.25g的过硫酸铵,溶于10mL蒸馏水中随后加入到吡咯和富勒烯的混合溶液中一起混合搅拌10min,并超声10min。
4)将最后得到的溶液转移至聚四氟乙烯内衬中,再将内衬放入反应釜中进行溶剂热反应,反应的温度为180℃,反应时间为12h。
5)待反应结束温度降至室温后,取出产物用水和乙醇反复洗涤至中性,随后抽滤,在真空干燥箱下干燥,干燥温度为80℃,干燥时间为12h。
<实施例五>
本实施例五中,通过溶剂热连锁聚合法制备石墨烯/聚STMN复合电极材料,具体包括如下步骤:
1)称取40mg的石墨烯,加入40mL的乙醇和蒸馏水按体积比3:1配好的溶液中,并在300W的超声功率下超声60min。
2)量取1.5mL的STMN单体溶于20mL乙醇和蒸馏水按体积比3:1配好的溶液中,搅拌均匀并加入到预先超声好的石墨烯分散液中混合搅拌10min。
3)称取0.15g的偶氮二异丁氰溶于10mL蒸馏水中,随后加入到上述石墨烯和STMN混合溶液中,一起混合搅拌10min,并超声10min。
4)将最后得到的溶液转移至聚四氟乙烯内衬中,再将内衬放入反应釜中进行溶剂热反应,反应的温度为120℃,反应时间为6h。
5)待反应结束后,加入0.2g过氧化苯甲酸,60℃下搅拌反应2h,产物用水和乙醇反复洗涤至中性,随后抽滤,在真空干燥箱下干燥,干燥温度为80℃,干燥时间为12h。
<实施例六>
本实施例六中,通过溶剂热连锁聚合法制备MnO2/PANI复合电极材料,具体包括如下步骤:
1)称取2.0g MnO2纳米粉末加入到100mL的蒸馏水中,超声分散10min。
2)称取0.355g的苯胺单体,溶于12.5mL乙醇和蒸馏水按体积比1:1配好的溶液中,搅拌均匀后加入到步骤1溶液中。
3)称取0.95g过硫酸铵溶于12.5mL的蒸馏水中,随后加入MnO2和苯胺的混合溶液中,一起混合搅拌10min,并超声10min。
4)将最后得到的溶液转移至聚四氟乙烯内衬中,再将内衬放入反应釜中进行溶剂热反应,反应的温度为250℃,反应时间为4h。
5)待反应结束温度降至室温后,取出产物用水和乙醇反复洗涤至洗出液澄清透明,随后抽滤,在真空干燥箱下干燥,干燥温度为80℃,干燥时间为24h。
<实施例七>
本实施例七中,通过溶剂热连锁聚合法制备NiCoO2/PANI复合电极材料,具体包括如下步骤:
1)称取1.45g六水硝酸镍和2.91g六水硝酸钴加入到100mL的蒸馏水,搅拌10min,随后滴加10mL含0.6g氢氧化钾的水溶液,一起混合搅拌10min,并超声10min。
2)称取0.355g的苯胺单体,溶于12.5mL乙醇和蒸馏水按体积比2:1配好的溶液中,搅拌均匀后加入到步骤1溶液中。
3)称取0.95g过硫酸铵溶于12.5mL的蒸馏水中,随后加入步骤2溶液中,一起混合搅拌10min,并超声10min。
4)将最后得到的溶液转移至聚四氟乙烯内衬中,再将内衬放入反应釜中进行溶剂热反应,反应的温度为200℃,反应时间为6h。
5)待反应结束温度降至室温后,取出产物用水和乙醇反复洗涤至洗出液澄清透明,随后抽滤,在真空干燥箱下干燥,干燥温度为80℃,干燥时间为24h。
<实施例八>
本实施例八中,通过溶剂热连锁聚合法制备SnO2/石墨烯/PEDOT三元复合电极材料,具体包括如下步骤:
1)称取25mg的氧化石墨烯,加入25mL的蒸馏水,并在300W的超声功率下超声30min。
2)称取0.355g的EDOT,溶于12.5mL乙醇和蒸馏水按体积比1:1配好的溶液中,搅拌均匀,然后加入预先超声处理好的氧化石墨烯分散液混合搅拌10min。
3)称取0.8g过硫酸铵溶于12.5mL的蒸馏水中,随后加入到EDOT和氧化石墨烯的混合溶液中一起混合搅拌10min,并超声10min。
4)称取2.0g SnCl4·5H2O溶于15mL的蒸馏水,搅拌均匀并加入到第三步的混合溶液中。
5)称取1.6g NaOH溶于15mL蒸馏水并加入到第四步混合溶液搅拌均匀。
6)将最后得到的溶液转移至聚四氟乙烯内衬中,再将内衬放入反应釜中进行溶剂热反应,反应的温度为200℃,反应时间为8h。
7)待反应结束温度降至室温后,取出产物用水和乙醇反复洗涤至洗出液澄清透明,随后抽滤,在真空干燥箱下干燥,干燥温度为80℃,干燥时间为24h。
分析测试结果表明,实施例2~8所制备的高分子复合材料均具有比较理想的形貌结构,高分子均匀地包覆到碳材料或金属氧化物表面,有利于发挥复合电极材料中各组分之间的协同效应,因而复合材料电极具有较高的比电容、优异的倍率性能和良好的循环稳定性。
以上实施例仅仅是对本发明技术方案所做的举例说明。本发明所涉及的溶剂热连锁聚合法制备高分子复合电极材料并不仅仅限定于在以上实施例中所描述的内容,而是以权利要求所限定的范围为准。本发明所属领域技术人员在该实施例的基础上所做的任何修改或补充或等效替换,都在本发明的权利要求所要求保护的范围内。
Claims (9)
1.溶剂热连锁聚合法制备高分子复合电极材料,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
将含有聚合物单体、材料A以及引发剂的混合液在一定反应温度下进行溶剂热连锁聚合反应;然后将反应物洗涤干燥,得到高分子复合电极材料,
其中,所述材料A为碳基材料、金属化合物、或碳基材料和金属化合物的混合物,相应的所述高分子复合电极材料为碳/高分子复合电极材料、金属氧化物/高分子复合电极材料、碳/金属氧化物/聚合物三元复合电极材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的溶剂热连锁聚合法制备高分子复合电极材料,其特征在于:
其中,所述反应温度为120~250℃,反应时间为4~16h。
3.根据权利要求1所述的溶剂热连锁聚合法制备高分子复合电极材料,其特征在于:
其中,所述碳基材料为石墨烯、乙炔黑、碳纳米管、活性炭、碳纤维、碳气凝胶中的任意一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的溶剂热连锁聚合法制备高分子复合电极材料,其特征在于:
其中,所述金属化合物为金属氧化物或金属盐,
所述金属氧化物为二氧化钛、二氧化钌、二氧化锰、四氧化三钴、氧化镍、氧化铁、氧化锌、二氧化锡中的至少一种,
所述金属盐为硝酸镍、氯化镍、醋酸钴、氯化钴、硝酸钴、硫酸锰、高锰酸钾、醋酸锰、氢氧化铜、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钡、氢氧化镍、磷酸铁锂、氯化锡、四氯化锡、三氯化铁、硝酸锌、钛酸锂、镍钴锰酸锂中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的溶剂热连锁聚合法制备高分子复合电极材料,其特征在于:
其中,所述聚合物单体为聚合物单体为3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩、苯胺、吡咯、噻吩、中的至少一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的溶剂热连锁聚合法制备高分子复合电极材料,其特征在于:
其中,所述引发剂为三氯化铁、过硫酸铵、过硫酸钾、偶氮二异丁氰、过氧化苯甲酸、叔丁基过氧化氢中的任意一种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的溶剂热连锁聚合法制备高分子复合电极材料,其特征在于:
其中,在混合液中,溶剂为水、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、乙醇、丙醇、二氯甲烷中的至少一种。
8.根据权利要求1所述的溶剂热连锁聚合法制备高分子复合电极材料,其特征在于:
其中,所述混合液的配置方法为:首先将所述聚合物单体与所述材料A于溶液中混合均匀,然后再加入引发剂并混合均匀。
9.根据权利要求8所述的溶剂热连锁聚合法制备高分子复合电极材料,其特征在于:
其中,所述混合液的配置方法为:将所述聚合物单体溶于溶剂中超声5~30min形成单体溶液,将所述材料A加入溶剂中超声5~30min形成A溶液,然后将所述单体溶液与所述A溶液混合,搅拌5~30min,形成初混液;再将引发剂加入初混液中,搅拌并超声数分钟。
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Application publication date: 20190108 |