CN109141303B - Component geometric defect detection system and detection method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a system and a method for detecting geometric defects of a component, relates to the technical field of component defect detection, and solves the technical problem that the whole surface to be detected is difficult to be accurately measured in the whole and local shape in the prior art by adjusting the shape and the position of a guide rail and using a movable detection device in a matching way. The device includes the supporting part that installs the guide rail, can be in on the supporting part along the detection device of guide rail removal, wherein: the guide rail is arranged in parallel to the surface to be detected; the detection device comprises at least two distance measuring sensors, and each distance measuring sensor is perpendicular to the surface to be detected; the invention is used for detecting the geometric defects of the surface to be detected, and the plurality of distance measuring sensors simultaneously detect the detection surface, thereby realizing the continuous measurement of the defects of all measuring points on a plurality of lines and greatly improving the measurement efficiency; meanwhile, the measuring point distance can be set at will, and the millimeter-scale measuring method is suitable for measuring the geometric defects of high-precision and high-density measuring points.

Description

Component geometric defect detection system and detection method

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of component defect detection, in particular to a component geometric defect detection system and a detection method.

Background technique

In the acceptance process of structural engineering, the dimensional deviation and defect amplitude of structural components must meet the requirements of the corresponding construction quality acceptance specification. In the field of steel structure engineering technology, the local geometric initial defects of components directly affect the bearing capacity and deformation of components and structures, and in the local stability and local-global coupling stability tests of components, the local geometric initial defects of plates are also very important. influencing factors.

Defect detection usually refers to the detection of surface defects of items. Surface defect detection uses advanced machine vision detection technology to detect defects such as spots, pits, scratches, chromatic aberration, and defects on the surface of the workpiece. At present, the most widely used defect detection devices are metal surfaces, glass surfaces, paper surfaces, electronic components surfaces and other items that have strict requirements on appearance and clear indicators.

There are many existing measurement methods: the three-coordinate measuring machine can be used to accurately measure the coordinates of each point on the component, and the local geometric initial defects of the component section can be converted, but due to the limitations of the instrument itself, this method is only applicable For components with small size and weight, the cleanliness requirements of components are very high, the equipment is complex, the operating environment requirements are high, and the cost is high. The cost of the traditional 3D imaging scanning technology is too high and the practicability is poor; the measurement method of the ruler and the feeler gauge is used, and the ruler needs to be attached to the surface of the component with the help of external force during the measurement process, and the width of the tip of the feeler gauge determines the In the measuring point area, the efficiency is low and the degree of automation is poor. Although there are some devices that continuously measure the initial geometric defects of structural members, the data of the measurement interface is collected by the displacement sensor installed on the guide rail, but the defect detection devices on the market are all Based on a single measurement point or a detection line, the measurement point on the target surface can only be measured by a single point or a single line, and the measurement efficiency is low. comprehensive analysis and evaluation.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a component geometric defect detection system and a detection method thereof. By adjusting the shape and position of the guide rail, and using a moving detection device, it solves the difficulty in the prior art that the entire surface to be detected is difficult to perform overall and detection. The technical problem of local accurate measurement. The technical effects that can be produced by the preferred technical solutions among the technical solutions provided by the present invention are detailed in the following descriptions.

For achieving the above object, the invention provides the following technical solutions:

A component geometric defect detection system provided by the present invention includes a support part installed with a guide rail, and a detection device that can move along the guide rail on the support part, wherein:

The guide rail is arranged parallel to the surface to be detected;

The detection device includes at least two ranging sensors, and each of the ranging sensors is perpendicular to the surface to be detected;

A data collection device is also included, and each of the ranging sensors is communicably connected to the data collection device.

Preferably, the detection device further comprises: a carrying trolley and a sliding block that can slide on the guide rail, the sliding block is connected to the carrying trolley and slides along the guide rail together, and each of the distance measuring sensors is arranged on the guide rail. on the carrying trolley.

Preferably, it further comprises: a drive motor for providing power to the detection device and a conveyor belt connected with the rotating shaft of the drive motor, and the drive motor rotates to drive the conveyor belt to rotate to move the detection device.

Preferably, it also includes: a guide rail accuracy calibration device, the guide rail accuracy calibration device includes a water tank with water parallel to the guide rail and located below the guide rail, and a detection paper is laid on the water surface as the distance measurement The reflective layer of the sensor.

Preferably, the support part comprises a first bracket arranged horizontally for installing the guide rail, a second bracket arranged vertically for supporting the first bracket, and a second bracket arranged for supporting and connecting the first bracket Each auxiliary support member of the bracket and the second bracket.

Preferably, it also includes an adjustment device for adjusting the shape and position of the guide rail, the adjustment device comprising: an adjustable aluminum alloy profile installed with the guide rail and an adjustment member for adjusting the aluminum alloy profile; wherein: the aluminum alloy The alloy profile is movably connected with the first bracket through the adjusting piece.

Preferably, the first bracket is a channel steel beam, the channel steel beam is arranged laterally, the guide rail is arranged at the slot position of the channel steel beam, and a hole is arranged perpendicular to the length direction of the channel steel beam, The web of the channel beam is provided with a first hole and a second hole, and the holes are arranged in multiple groups in the longitudinal direction of the channel beam; a third hole is arranged on the flange of the channel beam. strip holes, the third strip holes are arranged in multiples in the length direction of the channel steel beam, and the third strip holes and the first strip holes and the second strip holes are located in the same vertical plane inside.

Preferably, the adjusting member includes a first bolt, a second bolt and a third bolt, and the first bolt and the second bolt pass through the first and second holes and the aluminum The alloy profiles are movably connected, and a conical spring is arranged between the first bolt and the second bolt and the aluminum alloy profile; the third bolt is connected to the aluminum alloy profile through the third hole Active connection.

The detection method of the component geometric defect detection system provided by the present invention comprises the following steps:

Step S1: guide rail flatness calibration, including

A. Place the water tank under the detection device;

B. add water in the water tank;

C. Put the detection paper into the water tank, make one side of the detection paper first contact the water surface and then gradually lay it until all of it is laid on the water surface, and after standing for a preset time, until the water completely soaks the detection paper;

D. Adjust the installation position of the distance-measuring sensor so that the detection paper is within the measurement range of the distance-measuring sensor;

E. the detection device moves along the guide rail to collect the data information of each of the distance measuring sensors;

Determine whether each data point falls near the same plane with sufficient accuracy;

If not, adjust the shape and position of the rails.

Step S2: Geometric defect detection, including:

a. Place the surface to be detected under the detection device;

b. Install each of the ranging sensors and make each of the ranging sensors perpendicular to the surface to be detected;

c. The detection device moves along the guide rail to collect data information of each of the ranging sensors;

Determine whether the difference between the values of each data information is within the preset difference range;

If not, the plane to be inspected is unqualified.

In the technical solution provided by the present invention, by arranging the detection device provided with at least two distance measuring sensors on the support portion, when the detection device slides on the support portion, the entire surface to be detected can be simultaneously detected for defects.

The preferred technical solution of the present invention can at least produce the following technical effects: by setting the drive motor and the conveyor belt to drive the detection device to move, the automation and detection accuracy of the component geometric defect detection system are further improved; a guide rail flatness calibration device is also provided, which can The flatness and straightness of the guide rail in the defect detection system meet the requirements, which is convenient for the later detection of the surface to be detected.

Description of drawings

In order to explain the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art more clearly, the following briefly introduces the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only These are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.

1 is a schematic front view of the structure of a component geometric defect detection system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

2 is a schematic side view of the structure of a component geometric defect detection system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

3 is an enlarged view of part A of a component geometric defect detection system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of part B of a component geometric defect detection system provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure, 1-support part; 11-first support; 12-second support; 13-support auxiliary support member; 2-guide rail; 3-detection device; 31-carrying trolley; 32-slider; 4-ranging sensor ;5-conveyor belt;6-rail precision calibration device;61-water tank;62-test paper;71-first hole;72-second hole;73-third hole;8-adjustment device;81- Aluminum alloy profile; 82-adjustment piece; 83-teflon gasket; 84-steel washer; 85-nut; 86-arc washer; 821-first bolt; 822-second bolt; 823-third Bolt; 9-Conical Spring; 10-Drive Motor.

Detailed ways

In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other implementations obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

A specific embodiment of the present invention provides a component geometric defect detection system. With reference to FIG. 1, it includes a support part 1 equipped with a guide rail 2, and a detection device 3 that can move along the guide rail 2 on the support part, wherein:

The guide rail 2 is arranged parallel to the surface to be detected;

The detection device 3 includes at least two ranging sensors 4, and each ranging sensor 4 is perpendicular to the surface to be detected; multiple ranging sensors are provided, and when the device is working, the multiple ranging sensors can simultaneously detect the entire surface to be detected or Precise measurements locally. When detecting the whole, it is only necessary to install the detection device with multiple ranging sensors to pass over the entire surface to be detected; when the local accurate detection is performed, increase the measurement frequency of the ranging sensor, and the detection device only needs to pass over the part of the surface to be detected.

It also includes a data acquisition device, each ranging sensor 4 is connected communicatively with the data acquisition device, and the data acquisition device can collect and store the data detected by the ranging sensor.

3, the detection device 3 further includes: a carriage 31 and a sliding block 32 that can slide on the guide rail, the sliding block 32 is arranged on the guide rail 2, and the sliding block 32 is connected with the carriage trolley 31, and the carriage trolley 31 directly The slider 31 is fixedly connected to the slider, and the connection method can be bolted or welded. The slider 31 can control the movement direction of the carrying trolley 31 and also play a smooth sliding role. Each ranging sensor 4 is arranged on the carrying trolley 31 .

1 , the component geometric defect detection system provided by the present invention further includes a drive motor 10 that provides power to the detection device 3 and a conveyor belt 5 connected to the rotating shaft of the drive motor 10 , and the drive motor 10 rotates to drive the conveyor belt 5 . Rotate to move the detection device 3 . The drive motor in the embodiment of the present invention is provided at one end of the support portion, and pulleys for the conveying belt to move are provided at both ends and the middle position of the support portion. The conveying belt is directly connected with the slider or the carriage, and the drive motor can be reversed Rotate, drive the detection device to move from one end to the other end, and can also return to the original position.

The embodiment provided by the present invention also includes: a guide rail accuracy calibration device 6, the guide rail accuracy calibration device 6 includes a water tank 61 containing water parallel to the guide rail 2 and located below the guide rail 2, and a detection paper 62 is laid on the water surface as a distance measuring sensor 4; the water tank in the embodiment provided by the present invention is a rectangular parallelepiped water tank, which is placed directly below the detection device. The length direction of the water tank is consistent with the length direction of the guide rail, and the length of the water tank is not less than the full length of the guide rail to be calibrated, so as to meet the requirements of the guide rail flatness calibration. Because when the length of the water tank is insufficient, the precision calibration of the guide rail must be carried out in sections, and the straightness error of the guide rail in each section will be significantly smaller than the straightness error of the whole guide rail measurement, which will bring more difficulty to the shape adjustment. Error accumulation will also occur during multi-stage adjustment, so it is difficult to achieve a linear state for each guide rail and a planar state for two guide rails.

2 , in the embodiment provided by the present invention, the support portion includes a first bracket 11 arranged horizontally for installing the guide rail, a second bracket 12 arranged vertically for supporting the first bracket 11 , and a second bracket 12 arranged for supporting the first bracket 11 . The auxiliary support rods that support and connect the first bracket 11 and the second bracket 12, the first brackets are arranged in parallel, and the two first brackets are provided with second brackets at both ends. The lower end of the second bracket is provided with a base, the base supports the entire support portion, the first bracket is a channel beam, the channel beam is arranged laterally, the guide rail 2 is arranged at the slot position of the channel beam, and a hole is arranged in the vertical direction of the channel beam, The web of the channel beam is provided with a first hole 71 and a second hole 72, and the holes are arranged in multiple groups along the length direction of the channel beam; a third hole 73 is provided on the channel beam flange, so The third hole 73 is arranged in a plurality of lengths of the channel beam, and the third hole 73 is located on the same vertical plane as the first hole 71 and the second hole 72. The present invention provides The arrangement of the strip holes in the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 , the strip holes are elongated through holes, which can pass through the adjusting member, and the adjusting member can translate in the strip hole.

3 and 4, the embodiments provided by the present invention further include: an adjustment device 8 for adjusting the position of the guide rail, and the adjustment device 8 includes: an aluminum alloy profile 81 on which the guide rail 2 is installed and whose posture can be adjusted and an adjustment aluminum alloy The adjusting piece 82 of the profile 81 ; wherein: the aluminum alloy profile 81 and the first bracket 11 are movably connected through the adjusting piece 82 . The structure of the aluminum alloy profile can adapt to the installation of the guide rail, and it is easy to install the adjustment parts. The adjusting member 82 includes a first bolt 821, a second bolt 822 and a third bolt 823. The first bolt 821 and the second bolt 822 are movably connected to the aluminum alloy section 81 through the first hole 71 and the second hole 72, and are A conical spring 9 is provided between the first bolt 821 and the second bolt 822 and the aluminum alloy profile 81 ; the third bolt 823 is movably connected to the aluminum alloy profile 81 through the third hole 73 . The above-mentioned adjusting member can be a T-shaped bolt, which is convenient for external adjustment, and the T-shaped head is not easy to move when placed inside the aluminum alloy profile. A PTFE gasket and a steel washer are also sleeved on the first bolt and the second bolt; the third bolt is provided with an arc-shaped washer at the position in contact with the strip hole of the channel steel beam.

The adjustment direction of the guide rail can be adjusted with multiple degrees of freedom, such as horizontal, vertical and rotational. When the first bolt in the channel beam and the nut on the second bolt are screwed at the same distance, the conical spring compresses or releases the same distance, which can make the guide rail move in the horizontal direction. This horizontal direction is the opening of the channel beam. direction; when the first bolt in the channel beam and the nut on the second bolt are screwed in different directions or only one is screwed, then the guide rail will form an angle with the horizontal direction; when the third bolt is adjusted, it can be realized The translation of the guide rail in the vertical direction, the vertical direction is perpendicular to the above-mentioned horizontal direction. The arc-shaped washer set at the third bolt is convenient for the bolt to be fixed in various inclined postures. The PTFE washer set on the first bolt and the second bolt is conducive to the sliding of the bolt at the corresponding position. The third bolt Nuts on both sides are set at the connection with the channel steel beam to realize bidirectional adjustment and final tightening at this position. There is no operating space required for nut adjustment on the inner side of the channel steel at the first bolt and the second bolt. The inner conical spring is set at the place. During the installation process, the compression force is applied to make the spring compress and deform. With the expansion and contraction ability of the inner spring, the two-way adjustment can be realized by adjusting the outer nut of the first bolt and the second bolt. The constant pressing force of the conical spring acts to fix the position of the rail.

A specific embodiment of the present invention also provides a detection method for a component geometric defect detection system, comprising the following steps:

Step S1: guide rail flatness calibration, including

A. Place the water tank (61) under the detection device (3);

B. add water in the water tank (61);

C. Put the detection paper (62) into the water tank (61), make the side of the detection paper (62) first contact the water surface and then gradually lay it on the water surface until all of it is laid on the water surface, and leave it for a preset time until the water is completely Immersion detection paper (62);

D. Adjust the installation position of the distance measuring sensor (4) so that the detection paper (62) is within the measuring range of the distance measuring sensor (4);

E. The detection device (3) moves along the guide rail to collect the data information of each ranging sensor (4);

Determine whether each data point falls near the same plane with sufficient accuracy;

If not, adjust the shape and position of the rails.

Once the rail accuracy calibration is complete, the S2 measurement can be repeated without needing to perform the S1 adjustment each time.

Step S2: Geometric defect detection, including:

a. Place the surface to be detected under the detection device (3);

b. Install each ranging sensor (4) and make each ranging sensor (4) perpendicular to the surface to be detected;

c. The detection device (3) moves along the guide rail to collect data information of each ranging sensor (4);

Determine whether the difference between the values of each data information is within the preset difference range;

If not, the surface to be inspected is unqualified.

The above are only specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention. should be included within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (5)

1. A component geometric defect detection system, characterized in that it comprises a support part (1) on which a guide rail (2) is installed, and a detection device (1) that can move along the guide rail (2) on the support part (1). 3), where: The guide rail (2) is arranged parallel to the surface to be detected; The detection device (3) comprises at least two distance measuring sensors (4), and each of the distance measuring sensors (4) is perpendicular to the surface to be detected; It also includes a data acquisition device, and each of the ranging sensors (4) is communicably connected to the data acquisition device; The support part comprises a first bracket (11) arranged horizontally for installing the guide rail, a second bracket (12) arranged vertically and used to support the first bracket (11), and a second bracket (12) arranged for supporting the first bracket (11). and each auxiliary support member (13) connected with the first bracket (11) and the second bracket (12); It also includes an adjustment device (8) for adjusting the shape and position of the guide rail, the adjustment device (8) comprising: an aluminum alloy profile (81) installed on the guide rail (2) and adjustable in posture and adjusting the An adjustment piece (82) of an aluminum alloy profile (81); wherein: the aluminum alloy profile (81) is movably connected to the first bracket (11) through an adjustment piece (82); The first bracket (11) is a channel steel beam, the channel steel beam is arranged laterally, the guide rail (2) is arranged at the slot position of the channel steel beam, and a bar is arranged perpendicular to the length direction of the channel steel beam. Holes, a first hole (71) and a second hole (72) are arranged on the web of the channel beam, and the holes are arranged in multiple groups along the length direction of the channel beam; The flange of the channel steel beam is provided with a third hole (73), the third hole (73) is arranged in a plurality of lengths of the channel steel beam, and the third hole (73) is connected with the channel beam. The first hole (71) and the second hole (72) are located on the same vertical plane; The adjusting member (82) includes a first bolt (821), a second bolt (822) and a third bolt (823), and the first bolt (821) and the second bolt (822) pass through the The first hole (71) and the second hole (72) are movably connected to the aluminum alloy profile (81), and the first bolt (821) and the second bolt (822) are connected to the A conical spring (9) is arranged between the aluminum alloy profiles (81); the third bolt (823) is movably connected to the aluminum alloy profile (81) through the third hole (73); the An arc-shaped washer (86) is provided at the position of the third bolt (823) in contact with the third hole (73). 2. The component geometric defect detection system according to claim 1, wherein the detection device (3) further comprises: a carriage (31) and a slider (32) capable of sliding on the guide rail (2) ), the slider (32) is connected with the carrying trolley (31) to slide along the guide rail (2) together, and each of the distance measuring sensors (4) is arranged on the carrying trolley (31). 3. The component geometric defect detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, further comprising: a driving motor (10) for providing power to the detection device (3) and a rotating shaft with the driving motor (10) With the connected conveyor belt (5), the rotation of the drive motor (10) drives the conveyor belt (5) to rotate, so as to move the detection device (3). 4. The component geometric defect detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, further comprising: a guide rail precision calibration device (6), the guide rail precision calibration device (6) comprising a guide rail (2) parallel to the guide rail and located at A water tank (61) containing water under the guide rail (2), a detection paper (62) is laid on the water surface to serve as a flat, high-precision reflective layer of the distance measuring sensor (4). 5. The detection method based on the component geometric defect detection system according to claim 4, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: Step S1: guide rail flatness calibration, including A. Place the water tank (61) under the detection device (3); B. add water in the water tank (61); C. Put the detection paper (62) in the water tank (61), make one side of the detection paper (62) first contact the water surface and then gradually lay it on the water surface until all of it is laid on the water surface, and leave it for a preset time. , until the water completely soaks the detection paper (62); D. Adjust the installation position of the distance-measuring sensor (4) so that the detection paper (62) is within the measurement range of the distance-measuring sensor (4); E. The detection device (3) moves along the guide rail (2) to collect data information of each of the distance measuring sensors (4); Determine whether each data point falls near the same plane with sufficient accuracy; If not, adjust the shape and position of the guide rail (2); Step S2: Geometric defect detection, including: a. Place the surface to be detected under the detection device (3); b. Install each of the ranging sensors (4) and make each of the ranging sensors (4) perpendicular to the surface to be detected; c. The detection device (3) moves along the guide rail (2) to collect data information of each of the distance measuring sensors (4); Determine whether the difference between the values of each data information is within the preset difference range; If not, the surface to be inspected is unqualified.

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