CN109087959A - Solar cell encapsulation structure - Google Patents

Solar cell encapsulation structure Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109087959A
CN109087959A CN201810943581.0A CN201810943581A CN109087959A CN 109087959 A CN109087959 A CN 109087959A CN 201810943581 A CN201810943581 A CN 201810943581A CN 109087959 A CN109087959 A CN 109087959A
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electrode
photoelectric conversion
conversion material
solar cell
electrode group
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CN201810943581.0A
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CN109087959B (en
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韩少茹
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Jiangsu Yang High Tech Energy Co ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F19/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one photovoltaic cell covered by group H10F10/00, e.g. photovoltaic modules
    • H10F19/80—Encapsulations or containers for integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, having photovoltaic cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F10/00—Individual photovoltaic cells, e.g. solar cells
    • H10F10/10—Individual photovoltaic cells, e.g. solar cells having potential barriers
    • H10F10/14—Photovoltaic cells having only PN homojunction potential barriers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10F77/20—Electrodes
    • H10F77/206—Electrodes for devices having potential barriers
    • H10F77/211—Electrodes for devices having potential barriers for photovoltaic cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10F77/20—Electrodes
    • H10F77/206—Electrodes for devices having potential barriers
    • H10F77/211—Electrodes for devices having potential barriers for photovoltaic cells
    • H10F77/215—Geometries of grid contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10F77/40—Optical elements or arrangements
    • H10F77/42—Optical elements or arrangements directly associated or integrated with photovoltaic cells, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10F77/40—Optical elements or arrangements
    • H10F77/42—Optical elements or arrangements directly associated or integrated with photovoltaic cells, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H10F77/484—Refractive light-concentrating means, e.g. lenses
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/546—Polycrystalline silicon PV cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/547—Monocrystalline silicon PV cells

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  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

一种太阳能电池封装结构，包括：光电转换材料，用于接受太阳光的照射生成载流子；上电极，设置于光电转换材料上表面；下电极，设置于光电转换材料下表面；上电极包括位于上端的第一电极组以及位于下端的第二电极组；所述第一电极组与第二电极组对应设置，中间形成间隔；密封材料内部设置多个凸透聚光结构，凸透聚光结构设置于上电极正上方，其YZ竖截面最长边与光电转换材料Y轴长度相等；散射结构，其设置于凸透聚光结构与上电极之间，中间设置第二间隔，所述第二间隔宽度设置为凸透聚光结构的聚焦面与该散射结构横截面重叠部分的宽度。

A solar cell encapsulation structure, comprising: a photoelectric conversion material, used to receive sunlight to generate carriers; an upper electrode, arranged on the upper surface of the photoelectric conversion material; a lower electrode, arranged on the lower surface of the photoelectric conversion material; the upper electrode includes The first electrode group at the upper end and the second electrode group at the lower end; the first electrode group and the second electrode group are arranged correspondingly, with a gap formed in the middle; a plurality of convex and transparent concentrating structures are arranged inside the sealing material, and the convex and transparent concentrating structures The structure is arranged directly above the upper electrode, and the longest side of its YZ vertical section is equal to the length of the Y axis of the photoelectric conversion material; the scattering structure is arranged between the convex light-concentrating structure and the upper electrode, and a second interval is arranged in the middle. The width of the second interval is set to be the width of the overlapping portion of the focusing surface of the convex light-concentrating structure and the cross-section of the scattering structure.

Description

Solar cell encapsulation structure
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of encapsulating structures, more particularly, to a kind of encapsulating structure of solar battery.
Background technique
As the mankind continually develop new energy, solar energy is gradually applied in multiple fields by the mankind, solar power generation A kind of new energy, have the characteristics that environmental protection, energy conservation, it is inexhaustible, solar cell module be solar energy hair Highest part is worth in core and solar power system in electric system, effect is to convert solar energy into Electric energy, and solar cell module packaging technology quality directly affects the service life of solar battery.
As the dependence of the natural energy resources resource such as petroleum, natural gas is increasingly aggravated in the scientific and technological progress whole world of the mankind, and The problems such as continuous growth of global energy requirements, the energy, natural environment and climate warm, becomes increasingly conspicuous.It develops and increases and is reproducible green The use of the color energy has been very urgent.The green energy resources such as photovoltaic, biological energy source and wind energy or becoming tradition The best substitute technology of the energy.
Solar-photovoltaic technology is the photovoltaic effect principle based on semiconductor, using solar battery by solar energy It is converted into electric energy.Its most crucial device is solar battery.When solar irradiation is mapped on solar battery, battery is inhaled Photon energy is received, electron-hole pair is generated.Under the effect of battery built in field, light induced electron and hole are separated, battery two There is the accumulation of heterocharge in end, i.e. generation " photovoltage ", built in field two sides extraction electrode and connect load, then bear Load just has " photoproduction " electric current to pass through, to obtain power output.
The commercial conversion efficiency for improving solar battery, is solar energy industry pursuit constant always.Solar battery Performance is to be determined by the photoelectric characteristic of the battery, and the loss of battery performance is mainly derived from optical loss and electricity damage It loses.Solar battery optical loss mainly includes that battery front surface reflection loss and electrode stop caused contact grid line Shadow loss.Wherein, it can get rather low light by flannelette and antireflective coating technology to reflect, reduce the reflection of battery front surface Loss.
Optical loss caused by stopping for the electrode of solar battery, the prior art, which mainly passes through, will be incident on electrode Light refraction scatters to the region other than electrode, to increase effective light.But the light that part reflects or scatters is still It may be irradiated on electrode.To solve the above-mentioned problems, earlier application, which proposes, is arranged spacer structure in electrode width direction, leads to It crosses and focusing structure is set in encapsulating material in being spaced, light irradiation electrode will be avoided to lead by the light focusing that is irradiated to electrode The loss of cause.But since the width of electrode is usually all arranged to very narrow structure, setting interval is for production therebetween Technique it is more demanding.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of improved solar cell encapsulation structure and solar battery, can reduce for system Make the requirement of technique.
As one aspect of the present invention, a kind of solar cell encapsulation structure is provided, comprising: light incident layer is used for The incidence of sunlight；Photoelectric conversion material, the irradiation for being used to receive sunlight generate carrier；Sealing material is set to Between light incident layer and photoelectric conversion material；Top electrode is set to photoelectric conversion material upper surface；Lower electrode, is set to Photoelectric conversion material lower surface；It is characterized by: the top electrode includes positioned at the first electrode group of upper end and positioned at lower end Second electrode group；Described first electric electrode group is correspondingly arranged with second electrode group, and centre forms interval；It is set inside sealing material Multiple convex lens concentration structures are set, convex lens concentration structure is set to right above top electrode, YZ vertical section longest edge and photoelectric conversion Material Y-axis equal length；Height of the convex lens concentration structure apart from top electrode is set, is located at its focus in the interval.
Preferably, the sealing material be ethane-acetic acid ethyenyl resin copolymer (EVA), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), Polycarbonate (PC), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), low density polyethylene (LDPE) (LDPE), polypropylene (PP), one of polystyrene (PS), TPU, silicone, ionomer, light-cured resin or several.
Preferably, the material of the convex lens concentration structure is ethane-acetic acid ethyenyl resin copolymer (EVA), polyvinyl alcohol contracts Butyraldehyde (PVB), polycarbonate (PC), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), low density polyethylene (LDPE) (LDPE), one of polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), TPU, silicone, ionomer, light-cured resin or It is several.
Preferably, the refractive index of the convex lens concentration structure material is greater than the refractive index of sealing material.
It preferably, further include the reflection layer for being set to bottom.
Preferably, the material of top electrode and lower electrode includes TCO material or conductive metallic material.
Preferably, surface texture is arranged in the inner surface of the light incident surface layer.
Preferably, the interval midpoint is located on the extended line of convex lens primary optical axis, makes the remittance of the convex lens concentration structure Focus irradiation is into the interval.
Preferably, including the diffusing structure being set between convex lens concentration structure and top electrode, the diffusing structure has The second interval of centre setting, second interval width are set as the focusing surface and diffusing structure cross of the convex lens concentration structure The width of section lap.
Preferably, the light incident layer is glass.
Preferably, the photoelectric conversion material is crystalline silicon.
As another aspect of the present invention, a kind of solar battery is provided comprising one of above-mentioned solar-electricity Pond encapsulating structure.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the solar cell encapsulation structure front schematic view of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the top view of the electrode structure of the solar cell encapsulation structure of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the partial side view of the solar cell encapsulation structure of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
In order to illustrate more clearly of technical solution of the present invention, embodiment will be used simply to be situated between the present invention below Continue, it should be apparent that, be described below in be only one embodiment of the present of invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art come It says, without any creative labor, other technical solutions can also be obtained according to these embodiments, also belonged to Disclosure of the invention range.
The solar cell encapsulation structure of the embodiment of the present invention successively includes as shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3 shows back from bottom to up Plate 100, sealing material 200, lower electrode 300, photoelectric conversion material 400, top electrode 500, sealing material 600, light incident layer 700。
Backboard 100 is located at the surface of the non-light side of solar battery, for providing structural support to solar battery.Light Incident layer 700 is set to the sensitive side of solar battery, the incidence for sunlight.Existing Normal back plate can be used with before Plate material, such as can be the materials such as glass, plastics, metal.In a preferred embodiment, solar battery is used glass as The backboard 100 of plate and the material of light incident layer 700.
Sealing material provides structural support and positioning for solar battery route equipment, at the same isolated environment and it is extraneous because Influence of the element for photoelectric conversion material and route.The position of sealing material is in the centre of solar cell module, with light Incident layer 700 and the mutual gluing of backboard 100, wrap photoelectric conversion material 400 comprising are located under photoelectricity dress conversion materials 400 The sealing material 600 of 400 top of sealing material 200 and photoelectric conversion material of side.Ethylene-acetate can be used in sealing material Ethylene resin copolymer (EVA), polycarbonate (PC), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), gathers polyvinyl butyral (PVB) Vinyl chloride (PVC), low density polyethylene (LDPE) (LDPE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), TPU, silicone, ionomeric One of object, light-cured resin are several.
Photoelectric conversion material 400 is the semiconductor devices for luminous energy being directly translated into using photoelectric conversion effect electric energy, too Sun generates electronics-hole pair after capable of being irradiated to photoelectric conversion material 400, after electronics-hole in space-charge region to generating, It is built electric field separates immediately, light induced electron is pushed into the area n, and photohole is pushed into the area P.So being produced in p-n junction two sides The accumulation of positive and negative charge forms the photoproduction electric field opposite with built in field, in the case where PN junction is opened a way, photogenerated current and just When equal to electric current, stable potential difference is set up at PN junction both ends, becomes open-circuit voltage, so that PN junction be made to play the work of power supply With.Existing crystal silicon material can be used as photoelectric conversion material 400, such as monocrystalline silicon, polysilicon, thin film silicon and amorphous silicon Deng.
The electrode of solar battery includes lower electrode 300 and top electrode 500, wherein lower electrode 300 is set to photoelectricity and turns 400 lower surface of conversion materials, top electrode 500 are set to 400 upper surface of photoelectric conversion material, collect and come from photoelectric conversion material 400 Photogenerated carrier.Top electrode 500 and lower electrode 300 can be the single layer structure comprising conductive material, or Multilayered structure.
Electrode material can be conductive metallic material by comprising silver or aluminium, copper, nickel, tin, gold etc. or their alloy etc. Conductive material is made, and is also possible to such as TCO material.Other than the layer comprising these conductive materials, can also have Layer comprising transparent conductive oxide, such as zinc oxide, tin oxide etc..
As shown in Fig. 2, top electrode 500 includes the first electrode group 501 and second electrode group 502 being oppositely arranged.First Electrode group 501 is set to the upper end of 400 upper surface of photoelectric conversion material, and second electrode group 501 is set to photoelectric conversion material 400 The lower end of upper surface, X-axis coordinate is identical, and length is less than the half of photoelectric conversion material 400Y shaft length, thus first electrode Interval 503 is formed between group 501 and second electrode group 502.
Multiple convex lens concentration structures 601 corresponding with top electrode 500, convex lens concentration structure are set inside sealing material 600 601 are set to the surface of top electrode 500, and YZ vertical section is convex lens structures, YZ vertical section longest edge and photoelectric conversion material Expect that 400Y shaft length is equal.The material of convex lens concentration structure 601 can be ethane-acetic acid ethyenyl resin copolymer (EVA), polyethylene Butyral (PVB), polycarbonate (PC), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), low density polyethylene (LDPE) (LDPE), one of polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), TPU, silicone, ionomer, light-cured resin or It is several.When selecting the material of convex lens concentration structure 601, its refractive index is set to be greater than the material of sealing material 600, so as to be formed It focuses, such as when using EVA or PVB as sealing material 600, material of the PVC as convex lens concentration structure 601 can be used Material.
Height of the convex lens concentration structure 601 apart from top electrode 500 is set, make the focus of its convex lens concentration structure 601 with it is upper Electrode 500 is generally aligned in the same plane, and is spaced 503 midpoint and is located on the extended line of 601 primary optical axis of convex lens concentration structure, keeps convex lens poly- The converged light of photo structure 601 is irradiated in interval 503, to be emitted onto the light focusing of top electrode 500, avoid refraction or When scattering, light is irradiated to optical loss caused by top electrode 500.
Embodiment through the invention, by the setting of convex lens concentration structure 601 and top electrode 500, in top electrode 500 Interval is set on length direction, is emitted onto the light of electrode, the length direction of top electrode 500 is focused on by focusing structure, On the one hand loss caused by avoiding light irradiation electrode is avoided, simultaneously because electrode length direction setting interval is relatively easy, Technique is required relatively low.
It, can be to be scattered as shown in figure 3, being arranged between convex lens concentration structure 601 and group electrode 501 in preferred embodiment Structure 602, the second interval 603 of setting among diffusing structure 602, the width at the second interval 603 are set as convex lens concentration structure 601 Focusing surface and the 602 cross section lap of diffusing structure width, so as to further by the light except focusing surface It scatters in photoelectric conversion material.
Particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in the present invention in any one or more embodiments or can be shown It can be combined in any suitable manner in example.In addition, without conflicting with each other, those skilled in the art can be by this specification Described in the features of different embodiments or examples and different embodiments or examples be combined.It is all of the invention Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so within spirit and principle, are included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1.一种太阳能电池封装结构，包括：光电转换材料，其用于接受太阳光的照射生成载流子；上电极，其设置于光电转换材料上表面；下电极，其设置于光电转换材料下表面；上电极包括位于上端的第一电极组以及位于下端的第二电极组；所述第一电极组与第二电极组对应设置，中间形成间隔；密封材料内部设置多个凸透聚光结构，凸透聚光结构设置于上电极正上方，其YZ竖截面最长边与光电转换材料Y轴长度相等；散射结构，其设置于凸透聚光结构与上电极之间，其中间设置第二间隔，所述第二间隔宽度设置为所述凸透聚光结构的聚焦面与该散射结构横截面重叠部分的宽度。1. A solar cell packaging structure, comprising: a photoelectric conversion material, which is used to receive sunlight to generate carriers; an upper electrode, which is arranged on the upper surface of the photoelectric conversion material; a lower electrode, which is arranged under the photoelectric conversion material Surface; the upper electrode includes a first electrode group located at the upper end and a second electrode group located at the lower end; the first electrode group and the second electrode group are arranged correspondingly, and a gap is formed in the middle; a plurality of convex light-concentrating structures are arranged inside the sealing material , the convex light-concentrating structure is arranged directly above the upper electrode, and the longest side of the YZ vertical section is equal to the Y-axis length of the photoelectric conversion material; the scattering structure is arranged between the convex light-condensing structure and the upper electrode, and the second Two intervals, the width of the second interval is set as the width of the overlapping portion of the focusing surface of the convex light-concentrating structure and the cross-section of the scattering structure. 2.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能电池封装结构，其特征在于：还包括位于底部的背板。2 . The solar cell packaging structure according to claim 1 , further comprising a back sheet at the bottom. 3.根据权利要求3所述的太阳能电池封装结构，其特征在于：所述光电转换材料为晶硅材料。3. The solar cell packaging structure according to claim 3, wherein the photoelectric conversion material is crystalline silicon material. 4.根据权利要求3所述的太阳能电池封装结构，其特征在于：所述晶硅材料包括单晶硅，多晶硅，薄膜硅和非晶硅等。4. The solar cell packaging structure according to claim 3, wherein the crystalline silicon material includes single crystal silicon, polycrystalline silicon, thin film silicon and amorphous silicon. 5.根据权利要求4所述的太阳能电池封装结构，其特征在于：所述上电极以及下电极为单层结构或者多层结构。5 . The solar cell packaging structure according to claim 4 , wherein the upper electrode and the lower electrode are a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure.
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