CN109086340A - Evaluation object recognition methods based on semantic feature - Google Patents

Evaluation object recognition methods based on semantic feature Download PDF

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CN109086340A
CN109086340A CN201810748969.5A CN201810748969A CN109086340A CN 109086340 A CN109086340 A CN 109086340A CN 201810748969 A CN201810748969 A CN 201810748969A CN 109086340 A CN109086340 A CN 109086340A
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feature
evaluation object
semantic
word
corpus
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谢珺
谷兴龙
梁凤梅
杨云云
侯文丽
续欣莹
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Taiyuan University of Technology
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Taiyuan University of Technology
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Abstract

Evaluation object recognition methods based on semantic feature, belong to text mining field, it is characterized by: the problem of the problem of short text evaluation object is extracted is converted into information extraction, first short text corpus is pre-processed, user-defined feature template, corresponding feature is extracted in short text according to template, carries out evaluation object identification using conditional random field models.The present invention not only allows for lexical characteristics, is also introduced into semantic feature, takes full advantage of contextual information;Present invention introduces semantic features, and bluebeard compound feature improves the accuracy of evaluation object extraction.

Description

Evaluation object recognition methods based on semantic feature
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of evaluation object recognition methods for being based on semantic feature (Semantic features), belong to Text mining field.
Background technique
In recent years, with the popularity of the internet and the fast development of e-commerce, more and more consumers are liked The commodity that online purchase oneself is liked, in order to express oneself for the attitude of commodity, consumer can deliver on electric business platform and comment By this also causes network comment to sharply increase, and forms commercially valuable large data sets.Utilize natural language processing technique The emotion for including in these network comment data sets is excavated, sentiment analysis is carried out, there is certain finger for businessman and consumer Lead meaning.It deepens continuously along with the research of sentiment analysis, fine-grained sentiment analysis is also of interest by more and more scholars. Fine granularity sentiment analysis is exactly the emotional orientation analysis based on evaluation unit, and so-called evaluation unit is exactly by evaluation object With the feature viewpoint pair of word or phrase composition with emotional color.Therefore the identification of evaluation object is fine granularity sentiment analysis Basis.
Evaluation object is generally a sentence institute main topic of discussion, and the modification of evaluating word is mainly shown as in comment text Object.Evaluation object identification is proposed by Liu Bing earliest, and the noun for having upper frequency or nominal phrase are considered as Evaluation object.The research of evaluation object identification, the method for being generally based on rule/template in the early stage, the rule of formulation includes word The forms such as sequence rules, part-of-speech rule, syntactic rule.Kim etc. understands the semantic relation between word and word by the template of formulation, So that semantic role be mirrored in frame, using newsletter archive as data set, identify viewpoint in text, viewpoint holder, And related subject.In addition to this, some scholars find out the candidate evaluations pair frequently occurred using the method for association rule mining As then using wrong sample in the method removal candidate target of two kinds of beta prunings.
With the rise of topic model, more and more scholars apply it to sentiment analysis field, and due to evaluation Object is generally main topic of discussion in sentence, therefore topic model can be used to carry out the identification of evaluation object.There is scholar to make The evaluation object in comment on commodity text is excavated with the topic model of more granularities, and zhang etc. is on this basis to similar Evaluation object is clustered, and proposes the recall rate for having changed identification to a certain extent.Then, some scholars are by topic model and maximum entropy Model combines, identify comment in evaluation object, evaluating word.
In recent years, as conditional random field models are at the natural languages such as Chinese word segmentation, part-of-speech tagging, name Entity recognition The progress obtained in reason task has scholar to start to propose to be applied in evaluation object identification.The it is proposeds such as Niklas Jako will Evaluation object identification mission sees the task of marking, and carries out evaluation object identification using single features, single template.Domestic some The characteristics of person is according to Chinese text proposes evaluation object based on syntactic structure or based on part of speech feature in conjunction with syntactic analysis Contextual information is preferably utilized in recognition methods.Ge Wang etc. has been carried out using conditional random field models and word feature across neck The evaluation object in domain identifies.
Summary of the invention
The invention aims to can make full use of the contextual information of short text to improve the precision that evaluation object extracts, Information extraction problem is converted by the identification problem of short text evaluation object, introduces the semantic feature of short text sentence to introduce More contextual informations realize a kind of evaluation object recognition methods based on semantic feature.
Evaluation object recognition methods based on semantic feature, it is characterised in that: first comment corpus is pre-processed;It makes by oneself Adopted feature templates extract corresponding feature in comment corpus according to template;Evaluation object is carried out using conditional random field models Identification.
The evaluation object recognition methods includes the following steps:
(1) data prediction: corpus of text is obtained in the online comment of electric business website by web crawlers, to comment Corpus is segmented, part-of-speech tagging, emotion word mark and semantic role are analyzed, and obtains word feature, part of speech from comment corpus Feature, emotion word feature, semantic role feature;
(2) training pattern: it is used as training set by extracting 4/5ths in the comment corpus of data prediction, from training set The feature of extraction trains customized feature templates, according to training result obtains the weight of each feature;
(3) evaluation object identifies: i.e. using remaining 1/5th comments corpus as test set, being obtained according to step (2) Feature templates, corresponding with template word feature, part of speech feature, emotion word feature and semantic role are extracted in test set Feature, then using conditional random field models design conditions probability P (y | x), x is list entries, and y is output sequence, will be tested The feature of concentration obtains optimum as output sequence as list entries, evaluation object, evaluating word from list entries.
Semantic feature is introduced, the semantic feature includes emotion word feature, semantic role feature, is estimated by emotion word feature The position of evaluation object is counted, and actor and word denoting the receiver of an action person in sentence are captured by semantic role feature.
By introducing semantic feature, including emotion word feature, semantic role feature, to make full use of short text sentence Contextual information.
Example sentence (1): " cell phone appearance sees that delivery is quickly very well."
Emotion word feature (sen): referring to and judge whether current word belongs to emotion word, right if being currently emotion word The feature answered is 1, is otherwise 0, belongs to Boolean type feature.Emotion word is to contain commentator for modifying evaluation object To the attitude of commodity, can very likely there be evaluation object near emotion word in a sentence, reflect to a certain extent Therefore the position feature of evaluation object introduces the identification that emotion word feature is conducive to evaluation object.Such as: in example sentence (1) " good-looking ", " fast " belong to emotion word.
Semantic role feature (srl): referring to and carry out semantic character labeling (SRL) to each ingredient in sentence, semantic role Mark is a kind of semantic analysis technology of shallow-layer, marks the opinion that certain phrases in sentence are given predicate (verb, adjective etc.) First (i.e. semantic role), such as actor, the word denoting the receiver of an action person, the timing, location and method of event.Still language is carried out to example sentence (1) Adopted role analysis, analysis result is as shown in Figure 1, wherein there are two predicate " good-looking ", " fast ", and by taking " good-looking " as an example, " very " is it Degree or mode (generally being indicated with ADV), and the noun phrase of " cell phone appearance " composition is its actor (generally with A0 table Show), that is, the evaluation object that the sentence unit includes.Therefore, semantic role analysis facilitates the extraction of information, to evaluation pair The identification of elephant has certain directive significance, and the identification of evaluation object will be may consequently contribute to by introducing semantic feature.
Present invention introduces semantic features, and bluebeard compound feature improves the accuracy of evaluation object extraction.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the evaluation object recognition methods based on semantic feature.
Specific embodiment
Evaluation object identifying system based on semantic feature includes data prediction, training pattern and identification three phases.
Corpus is tested from web crawlers, is to have carried out crawling for mobile phone comment from major electric business website, it is collected One shares original word number 245221407 in comment on commodity, altogether 4904600 comments, of different Chinese characters occurs Number is 32757.Training corpus, which takes, crawls 4/5ths of corpus, and remaining corpus is as testing material.
Step 1: pre-processing to experiment corpus, pretreatment stage includes the following aspects:
1, it segments, is the sequence labelling problem based on word sequence by participle task modeling.For inputting the word sequence of sentence, Model marks the label on a mark word boundary to each word in sentence, by calling in language technology platform (LTP) Ltp_test main program, detailed step are as follows:
1) language technology platform (LTP) item file, model file downloading;
2) create project folder D: myprojects LTP (can be optionally);Ltp_ after model file is decompressed Data file is put into project folder;Dll, exe file after item file is decompressed all copies to project folder Under, last complete listed files;
3) using python routine call in project folder configured ltp_test, in a program setting ginseng The option of number last_stage is ws (participle), completes the participle task to corpus of text.
2, part-of-speech tagging is similar to participle task, is word-based sequence labelling problem by part-of-speech tagging task modeling, When carrying out part-of-speech tagging, method that reference pair corpus is segmented, it is only necessary in a program by parameter last_stage's Option is set as pos (part-of-speech tagging), and part-of-speech tagging task can be completed.
3, emotion word marks, and after participle, part-of-speech tagging, is manually marked to the emotion word occurred in text, such as The fruit word belongs to emotion word and is then designated as 1, is otherwise designated as 0, emotion word includes adjective emotion word and verb emotion word.
4, semantic role feature is extracted, and the extraction of semantic role is broadly divided into two subtasks, one is predicate is (generally Verb, adjective) identification, secondly be exactly argument (semantic role, such as actor A0, word denoting the receiver of an action person A1) identification and divide Class.Sentence progress syntactic analysis is obtained into syntax tree, and beta pruning is carried out to syntax tree, removes the mark that can not become semantic role Unit is infused, the argument selected then is given using classifier, is finally classified to argument, classification is all tag along sorts, is returned The data returned are xml format, therefrom extract semantic role feature.Semantic role list of labels such as table 1:
1 semantic role list of labels of table
Step 2: training set marks, it is to the evaluation object (CO) in the comment text after pretreatment, evaluating word (CC) and other words (OT) are labeled, would generally will be some nominal short according to the granularity of participle, when participle Language is separated, such as: " cell phone appearance " in mobile phone comment is " mobile phone ", " appearance " after participle, in hotel's comment The nominal phrase of this type such as " administrative between " and " big bed room " be respectively after participle " administration ", " " and " big bed ", " room ".When sequence labelling, it is intended that the evaluation object of this type is marked into entire phrase, rather than by two Word marks respectively, therefore we are using BIO mark system herein, and BIO mark is to be labeled as each element " B-X ", and generation refers to X Beginning, " I-X ", generation refers to the centre of X, " O ", and generation refers to other words or punctuation mark, and mark example is as shown in table 1:
Table 1 marks example
Step 3: user-defined feature template, in order to find optimal template window, we define 7 kinds of template temp1- Temp7 difference is as follows:
Temp1=(- 1,0) indicates centered on current word, considers the previous word of the word, window size 2.
Temp2=(- 1,0,1) is indicated centered on current word, considers the previous word and the latter word of the word, window Size is 3.
Temp3=(0,1) indicates centered on current word, considers the latter word of the word, window size 2.
Temp4=(- 2, -1,0) indicates centered on current word, considers the first two words of the word, window size 3.
Temp5=(- 2, -1,0,1,2) is indicated centered on current word, considers the first two words and latter two word of the word, Window size is 5.
Temp6=(0,1,2) indicates centered on current word, considers latter two word of the word, window size 3.
Temp7=(- 3, -2, -1,0,1,2,3) indicates centered on current word, considers first three word and rear three of the word A word, window size 7.
The meaning of template is as shown in table 2:
2 feature templates meaning of table
The meaning of U01 is the 0th column, the 1st row in table 2;The meaning of U02 is the 0th column, the 2nd row, other several principle classes Seemingly, and so on.
Step 4: being trained using training corpus to feature templates, the weight parameter of correlated characteristic is obtained.Condition random One main task of field model is exactly that the weight λ of feature is estimated by training dataset, and logarithm maximum likelihood parameter λ=(λ is estimated from stand-alone training data12,...,λn), wherein λiIt is to be estimated to obtain by L-BFGS method.
Assuming that known training set D={ (X1,Y1),(X2,Y2),...,(XΓ,YΓ), it is used according to maximum entropy model maximum The method of likelihood estimates parameter, then, for conditional probability model p=(y | x, λ), the log-likelihood function of training set D is Shown in formula (1):
It is the experienced probability distribution of training set sample, the formula of conditional probability is shown in formula (2):
Wherein Z (x) is normalization factor.Therefore, the probability of experience distribution and the mathematic expectaion of conditional probability pass through condition Random field models acquire, shown in expression formula such as formula (3), (4):
According to logarithm maximum likelihood function, by seeking the available corresponding parameter of its first derivative, L-BFGS method is than passing Iteration method of scales, the gradient descent method of system are more efficient.This method can be regarded as flight data recorder optimization program it is only necessary to The first derivative for wanting majorized function is provided, shown in expression formula such as formula (5):
According to maximum entropy model principle, the feature distribution expectation of conditional probability model is equal to the expectation of experience distribution, then The problem of parameter Estimation, can be solved by optimization method.
In description above, the gradient calculation expression of log-likelihood function L (λ) is given, i.e. experience is distributedMathematic expectaion subtract the mathematic expectaion of conditional probability p (y | λ, x), which is to pass through conditional random field models It obtains.The mathematic expectaion of experience distribution is that training data concentrates the quantity for meeting the stochastic variable (x, y) of feature constraint, and condition is general The mathematic expectaion of rate is substantially to calculate p (y | λ, x).
Step 4: evaluation object identifies, test set is equally pre-processed, is marked, the method for pre-processing and marking is same Training set, in order to guarantee its consistency, the correlated characteristic of training corpus text be extracted, in conjunction with the trained mould of step 3 Plate introduces the identification that conditional random field models carry out evaluation object, for the sequence X (X of input1,X2,...,Xn), output sequence Y(Y1,Y2,...,Yn) probability calculation formula such as shown in (6):
Z (x) is normalization factor herein, it be all Y shape probability of states and, use Z (x) as denominator, in this way may be used The length of list entries X, X are indicated to ensure required probability less than 1, niIndicate each text feature of input, YiIndicate output sequence The state of column being likely to occur, by text feature XiA series of Y can be obtained after inputiProbability value, we take its maximum value make It is identification as a result, the expression of Z (x) are as follows:
Y herein |eAnd y |vRespectively indicate side and the node of the non-directed graph being made of annotated sequence, tiIndicate the transmitting of side e Characteristic function, skThe state characteristic function being defined on node v, μkAnd λiRespectively indicate the weight of node feature and side feature. tiAnd skAll there is relationship with position, is local feature function.In general, characteristic function tiAnd skValue is 1 or 0;When meeting feature item Value is 1 when part, is otherwise 0.Condition random field is completely by characteristic function ti、skWith corresponding weight λi、μkIt determines.

Claims (4)

1. the evaluation object recognition methods based on semantic feature, it is characterised in that: first pre-processed to comment corpus;It is customized Feature templates extract corresponding feature in comment corpus according to template;Evaluation object knowledge is carried out using conditional random field models Not.
2. the evaluation object recognition methods based on semantic feature according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the evaluation object Recognition methods includes the following steps:
(1) corpus of text pre-acquiring and comment corpus pretreatment;I.e. through web crawlers in the online comment of electric business website Corpus of text is obtained, comment corpus is segmented, part-of-speech tagging, emotion word mark and semantic role are analyzed, and from comment Word feature, part of speech feature, emotion word feature, semantic role feature are obtained in corpus;
(2) training pattern;I.e. the comment corpus of extraction 4/5ths is extracted from training set as training set from comment corpus Feature train customized feature templates, according to training result, obtain the weight of each feature;
(3) evaluation object identifies;I.e. using remaining 1/5th comments corpus as test set, the spy obtained according to step (2) Template is levied, it is special that word feature corresponding with template, part of speech feature, emotion word feature and semantic role are extracted in test set Then sign calculates probability P (y | x) using conditional random field models, x is list entries, and y is output sequence, from list entries Obtain optimum.
3. the evaluation object recognition methods based on semantic feature according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: introduce semantic special Sign, the semantic feature include emotion word feature, semantic role feature, by the position of emotion word feature assessment evaluation object, And actor and word denoting the receiver of an action person in sentence are captured by semantic role feature.
4. the evaluation object recognition methods based on semantic feature according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: will be in test set For feature as list entries x, evaluation object, evaluating word, which are used as to export, is used as output sequence y, and design conditions probability P (y | x), take Conditional probability P(y | maximum value x) is as optimum.
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Application publication date: 20181225