CN109046183A - A kind of F- T synthesis fixed bed reactors thermal control system - Google Patents
A kind of F- T synthesis fixed bed reactors thermal control system Download PDFInfo
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- CN109046183A CN109046183A CN201810845229.3A CN201810845229A CN109046183A CN 109046183 A CN109046183 A CN 109046183A CN 201810845229 A CN201810845229 A CN 201810845229A CN 109046183 A CN109046183 A CN 109046183A
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
- B01J8/06—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactors; the solid particles being arranged in tubes
- B01J8/067—Heating or cooling the reactor
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- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/001—Controlling catalytic processes
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
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- C10G2/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
- C10G2/30—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
- C10G2/32—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts
- C10G2/34—Apparatus, reactors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
- B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2208/00026—Controlling or regulating the heat exchange system
- B01J2208/00035—Controlling or regulating the heat exchange system involving measured parameters
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- B01J2208/00061—Temperature measurement of the reactants
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of F- T synthesis fixed bed reactors thermal control system, including, for contacting hot synthesis gas with catalyst Fischer-Tropsch synthesis occurs for fixed bed reactors；Air preheater is synthesized, for synthesis gas and steam to be carried out first time heat exchange, obtains the condensed water that the synthesis gas tentatively preheated and steam are formed through heat exchange；Drum, it is controlled for the vapor-liquid separation of circulation overheated water and vapour mixture, the pressure of steam, and steam is supplied into the synthesis air preheater, circulation overheated water is supplied with absorbing reaction heat to reactor, and receives the mixture of condensed water and superheated water and steam；Gas-heat exchanger is synthesized, for the synthesis gas tentatively preheated and thermal material to be carried out second of heat exchange, to obtain for the hot synthesis gas supplied to fixed bed reactors.System of the invention, is able to achieve efficient utilization and the energy regenerating of internal system heat, and realizes that the efficient circulation of water in system utilizes.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of F- T synthesis fixed bed reactors thermal control systems.
Background technique
It is that raw material is in catalyst (iron series or cobalt system) and suitably anti-that F- T synthesis, which is with synthesis gas (hydrogen and carbon monoxide),
Under the conditions of answering, the technical process of liquid fuel is generated, is one of the method for the carbon containing resource high-efficiency trans-utilization of non-petroleum.
Fixed bed reactors are chemical industry, petrochemical industry and the common traditional reactor type of energy field, have flexible form more
Sample, it is easy to operate the features such as.In the industrial application of fixed bed reactors, catalyst is generally seated in reaction tube, unstripped gas
Reaction is contacted, and moves thermal medium and then passes through from the shell of reactor, septate heat transfer is carried out in reaction tube wall, reaction heat is moved
Out.
It, can be in reaction tube if heat conduction is not in time if fixed bed reactors are applied to Fischer-Tropsch reaction process
Biggish temperature gradient is axially and radially generated, especially reaction tube hub hot spot easy to form, causes catalyst carbon deposition, finally
Lead to its inactivation, or even " temperature runaway " phenomenon occur, reaction process is difficult to control.Therefore, it is necessary to adopt an effective measure fixed bed
The heat generated in reactor removes in time.
In order to reduce catalyst bed axially and radially temperature gradient, on the one hand constant temperature is arranged in the prior art outside reaction tube
Heat-conducting medium take reaction heat away；On the other hand as far as possible reduce reaction tube internal diameter, shorten catalyst bed in reaction heat to
The distance of outer transmitting, so that reaction heat is taken away by heat-conducting medium as early as possible.For large-scale fixed bed reactors, realize that this process is usual
Can be using boiler system: from drum come circulation overheated water enter the hot media channels that takes of fixed bed reactors, absorbing reaction is logical
It is vaporized after the reaction heat that road heat transfer comes, vaporizes and be discharged to public engineer system outside the steam of generation.But existing boiler system needs
A large amount of water are expended, and heat utilization is insufficient；In addition, the heat conducting effect of fixed bed reactors also remains to be further improved.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a kind of F- T synthesis fixed bed reactors thermal control system, not only using the system
It can reduce the radial and axial temperature difference of reactor, remove reaction heat in time, but also be able to achieve the efficient benefit of internal system heat
With and energy regenerating, and realize water in system efficient circulation utilize.
The present invention be reach its purpose, the technical solution adopted is as follows:
A kind of F- T synthesis fixed bed reactors thermal control system, including,
Fixed bed reactors occur Fischer-Tropsch synthesis for contacting hot synthesis gas with catalyst, obtain containing reaction
The thermal material of product and unreacted synthesis gas；The fixed bed reactors are equipped with overheat water inlet, for receiving circulation overheated water；
The shifting hot media channel being connected to cyclical superheating water inlet is equipped in fixed bed reactors, the part circulation overheated water is described
It moves after hot media channel interior suction receives reaction heat caused by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and is vaporizated into steam, form circulation overheated water and steaming
The mixture of vapour；
Air preheater is synthesized, for synthesis gas and steam progress first time heat exchange that will be to be preheated, obtains preliminary preheating
Synthesis gas and the condensed water that is formed through heat exchange of the steam；
Gas-heat exchanger is synthesized, for by the obtained synthesis gas tentatively preheated of the synthesis air preheater and institute
It states the obtained thermal material of fixed bed reactors and carries out second of heat exchange, to obtain for the heat supplied to fixed bed reactors
Synthesis gas；
Drum, for into the synthesis air preheater for the steam applied to the first time heat exchange and to fixed bed
Reactor supplies the circulation overheated water with absorbing reaction heat, be also used to receive formed in the synthesis air preheater it is described cold
Condensate and the mixture for receiving the circulation overheated water and steam that are formed in the fixed bed reactors, and to circulation overheated water
Vapor-liquid separation and control steam pressure are carried out with vapour mixture；
Preferably, in fixed bed reactors, the absorbing reaction when circulation overheated water flows through the shifting hot media channel
The part being vaporized after heat is 1-90wt%, preferably 10-70wt%, more preferably 20-50wt%.
Preferably, the fixed bed reactors include tower body, are in axial direction equipped with multiple spaced and parallel arrangements in tower body
Reaction tube, and reaction tube in be equipped with radial radiator；The hot media channel includes between adjacent reaction pipe and reaction tube
Space between tower body inner wall is formed by channel；The whole axially extending arrangement along reaction tube of radial radiator,
Radial radiator includes the multiple cooling fins extended along reaction tube radial direction, and it is multiple to be divided into the inner cavity of reaction tube
Independent Catalyst packing cavity；It is further preferred that the material of the radial radiator is aluminium, copper material, steel or aluminium
Alloy, more preferably aluminium.
Radial radiator is preferably arranged in reaction tube: the axle center heat that (I) can will be most difficult to removal passes through thermally conductive
The preferable cooling material of effect is exported to the wall direction of reactor tower body, and solving fixed bed reactors, there are radial temperature ladders
Spend big problem；(II) it is (straight can be considered as several traditional shell-and-tube reactors for a reaction tube (diameter is generally 10-80mm)
Diameter is usually 19-25mm) set, each individual region cut by radiator can be considered that an independent traditional tubulation is anti-
Device is answered, this set helps to reduce reaction tube quantity, reduces reactor cost, and the amplification of reactor is also more convenient.
Preferably, the axle center of the radial radiator is equipped with Thermal couple casing pipe, and the radial radiator includes concentric
Inner ring radiating area and outer ring radiating area, the inner ring radiating area is interior to be equipped with by the axle center along radially towards outer ring radiating area
Multiple cooling fins that direction extends；Equipped with multiple multiple cooling fins extended along radial direction in the outer ring radiating area；Institute
The inner cavity for stating reaction tube is divided into multiple independent Catalyst packing cavitys by the cooling fin of inner ring radiating area and outer ring radiating area；
It is further preferred that the inner cavity of the reaction tube is divided into 6-30 independent Catalyst packing cavitys.
In preferred some embodiments, multiple cooling fins of the inner ring radiating area are integrally in the distribution of " rice " font.
Preferably, the inner ring radiating area is that the identical catalyst of multiple radial cross-sectional areas fills by cooling fin even partition
It fills a vacancy chamber；The outer ring radiating area is divided into the identical Catalyst packing cavity of multiple radial cross-sectional areas by cooling fin；Into one
Step is preferred, and the radial cross-sectional area of each Catalyst packing cavity of inner ring radiating area and outer ring radiating area is equal；
It is further preferred that the inside radius r of inner ring radiating area is 0.55-0.65 times of the inside radius R of entire reaction tube.
Preferably, multiple reaction tubes uniform intervals in tower body are arranged；It is further preferred that one in multiple reaction tubes
Reaction tube is managed centered on the arrangement of tower body axle center, and remaining reaction pipe is arranged around the central tube uniform intervals；Further preferably
, the distance between central axis of arbitrary adjacent two reaction tubes L is 3-10 times of reaction tube inside radius R.
In preferred some specific embodiments, the top or top of the tower body are equipped with for inputting the hot synthesis gas
Synthesis gas entrance；The bottom or lower part of the tower body are equipped with the material outlet for the thermal material to be discharged.
Preferably, gas pre-distributor is equipped in the tower body, gas pre-distributor directly connects with the synthesis gas entrance
It connects；Gas distribution plate is equipped in space between at the top of the gas pre-distributor and the reaction tube；The gas divides in advance
The hot synthesis gas that orchestration and gas distribution plate are used to make to be inputted by the synthesis gas entrance is radially square before entering reaction tube
To being uniformly distributed.By the way that gas pre-distributor and gas distribution plate are arranged in reactor, by the synthesis gas edge of synthesis gas entrance
After radially uniform distribution, enters back into reaction tube and participate in reaction, when solving synthesis gas and being flowed in reactor column body, radial distribution
Catalyst utilization can be improved in the problem of uneven (center is large-minded, and wall surface is narrow-minded), and it is radial and axial warm to reduce reactor
Difference.
Preferably, the cyclical superheating water inlet of fixed bed reactors is set to tower body side wall close to the position of reaction tube lower part；
Specifically, the fixed bed reactors are additionally provided with the outlet of overheat water-steam mixture, for exporting by the shifting heat
The circulation overheated water and vapour mixture that medium channel comes out；It is preferred that the overheat water-steam mixture outlet is set to tower
Position of the body sidewall at the top of reaction tube；
Specifically, the drum is equipped with and is connected with the outlet of the overheat water-steam mixtures of fixed bed reactors
Steam inlet, so that the circulation overheated water and vapour mixture that generate in fixed bed reactors are recycled in drum.
Preferably, condensate water pot and drum small pump are additionally provided between the synthesis air preheater and the drum, it is described
Condensate water pot is connected with the condensation-water drain of the synthesis air preheater, for storing the synthesis obtained condensation of air preheater
Water；The drum small pump is for the condensed water in condensate water pot to be pumped in drum；
Preferably, overheat water pump is connected between the drum and the fixed bed reactors, for by following in drum
Ring superheated water is pumped in fixed bed reactors.
In some preferred embodiments, synthesis gas entrance temperature is connected on the synthesis gas entrance of the fixed bed reactors
Control loop is spent, for controlling the synthesis gas temperature that will enter the synthesis gas entrance；The steam of the drum goes out
Mouth is connected with pressure control valve and the fixed bed reactors temperature control loop for controlling the valve opening；
Preferably, being supplied to by the drum and synthesizing the steam of air preheater is low pressure steam, temperature 200-285
DEG C, pressure 1.5-7.0MPa.
Technical solution provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
System of the invention carries out first time heat exchange with synthesis gas using the steam in drum come pre-heated synthesis gas, and
The synthesis gas is further subjected to second of heat exchange with the thermal material that fixed bed reactors are discharged, is obtained anti-for F- T synthesis
The hot synthesis gas answered, so that the heat in system is fully used.Meanwhile in first time heat exchange, the steaming from drum
Vapour and synthesis gas carry out heat exchange and are converted to condensed water, and condensed water is circulated in drum again, and the condensed water is in drum
It is used as circulation overheated water to be input to absorbing reaction heat in fixed bed reactors after reaching overtemperature, and then is changed into steam, benefit
It is utilized with the enclosed circulation that the system realizes water in system, while heat in system is efficiently utilized, energy is returned
It receives, while also having preheated the synthesis gas wait enter fixed bed reactors, and remove reaction heat, control the reaction of fixed bed reactors
Temperature.
The steam that the present invention utilizes drum to be discharged, especially low pressure steam (220-285 DEG C of temperature, pressure 1.5-
7.0MPa), and using reactor outlet thermal material successively synthesis gas is preheated, realizes that internal system heat efficiently utilizes
And energy regenerating, while preheating the synthesis gas into fixed bed reactors.
The radial radiator of arrangement in system of the invention, the preferably reaction tube of fixed bed reactors, will be in reaction tube
Chamber is divided into multiple independent Catalyst packing cavitys；It, can more preferably including concentric inner ring radiating area and outer ring radiating area
Thermal effect is more preferably moved to reach, it is a greater degree of to reduce the radial and axial temperature difference of reactor.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of schematic diagram of F- T synthesis fixed bed reactors thermal control system in embodiment；
Fig. 2 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of radial radiator in reaction tube in embodiment；
Fig. 3 is a kind of arrangement schematic diagram of reaction tube in fixed bed reactors in embodiment.
Fig. 4 is the schematic side view of gas pre-distributor；
Fig. 5 is the schematic top plan view of gas pre-distributor；
Fig. 6 is gas distribution plate schematic top plan view.
Specific embodiment
For a better understanding of the technical solution of the present invention, below with reference to the embodiment content that the present invention is further explained,
But the contents of the present invention are not limited only to following embodiment.
F- T synthesis fixed bed reactors thermal control system provided by the invention mainly includes fixed bed reaction referring to Fig. 1
Device 1 synthesizes air preheater 3, drum 2 and synthesis gas-heat exchanger 7.Wherein, fixed bed reactors 1, for by hot synthesis gas with
Fischer-Tropsch synthesis occurs for catalyst contact, obtains the thermal material containing reaction product and unreacted synthesis gas；Fixed bed reaction
Device 1 is equipped with overheat water inlet, for receiving circulation overheated water；It is equipped in fixed bed reactors 1 and is connected to cyclical superheating water inlet
Shifting hot media channel, part (such as 1-90%, preferably 10-70%, more preferable 20-50%) circulation overheated water move thermal medium
Channel interior suction is vaporizated into steam after receiving reaction heat caused by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, forms the mixing of circulation overheated water and steam
Object.Air preheater 3 is synthesized, for synthesis gas that will be to be preheated and the steam progress first time heat exchange from drum 2, is obtained just
The condensed water for walking the synthesis gas of preheating and being formed by steam through heat exchange.Gas-heat exchanger 7 is synthesized, for preheating synthesis gas
The obtained synthesis gas tentatively preheated of device 3 and the obtained thermal material of fixed bed reactors 1 carry out second of heat exchange, to obtain
It must be used for the hot synthesis gas supplied to fixed bed reactors 1.Drum 2, for supplying to be applied to for the first time into synthesis air preheater 3
The steam of heat exchange, and circulation overheated water is supplied to fixed bed reactors with absorbing reaction heat, it is also used to receive synthesis gas pre-
The mixture of the circulation overheated water and steam that are formed in the condensed water and reception fixed bed reactors formed in hot device, and to circulation
Superheated water and vapour mixture carry out vapor-liquid separation and control steam pressure.It is equipped with to enter with superheated water in fixed bed reactors 1
The shifting hot media channel of mouth connection, circulation overheated water are entered to by hot water inlet and are moved in hot media channel, absorb F- T synthesis
Reaction heat caused by reacting, in this course, part superheated water are vaporizated into steam, unboiled superheated water with it is vaporized
Steam form gas-vapor mix (i.e. the mixture of circulation overheated water and steam) and pass through the shifting hot media channel in reactor 1
Outlet (or being the outlet of overheat water-steam mixture) outflow reactor 1.Drum 2 is additionally provided with the overheat with fixed bed reactors 1
Water-steam mixture exports the gas-vapor mix entrance being connected, so that the superheated water and steam that flow out in fixed bed reactors 1
It is recycled in drum 2 and is utilized.
Fixed bed reactors 1 mainly include tower body, are in axial direction equipped with multiple reaction tubes 10, these reaction tubes in tower body
10 spaced and parallel arrangements.And radial radiator 23 is equipped in each reaction tube 10.Radial radiator 23 is in reaction tube
Integrally along the axially extending arrangement of reaction tube 10 in 10, radial radiator 23 includes multiple cooling fins 16,17, and these are dissipated
Backing along reaction tube 10 the rectangular extension of radial direction, it is longitudinal on it is axially extending along reaction tube 10 so that the inner cavity of reaction tube 10 is divided
Multiple independent Catalyst packing cavitys 12 (or being catalyst filling zone) are segmented into, these Catalyst packing cavitys 12 are for filling
Fill out catalyst.In some specific embodiments, the height of radial radiator 23 is identical with the height of reaction tube 10.In reaction tube
The radial radiators 23 of arrangement, the inner cavity of reaction tube 10 are divided into multiple independent Catalyst packing cavitys in 10, can incite somebody to action
It is most difficult to the axle center heat removed and is exported by the preferable cooling material of heat-conducting effect to wall direction, solved calandria type fixed bed
Reactor 1 has that radial symmetry gradient is big；A piece reaction tube 10 can be considered as several traditional tubular reactions
The set of device (diameter is usually 19-25mm), each individual region cut by radial radiator 23 can be considered one solely
Vertical traditional shell and tube reactor, this set help to reduce the quantity of reaction tube 10 in reactor column body, reduce reactor
Manufacturing cost, and reactor amplification and Catalyst packing be also more convenient.
In preferred some embodiments, the axle center of radial radiator 23 is equipped with Thermal couple casing pipe 15, and radial heat dissipation
Device 23 specifically includes inner ring radiating area 14 and outer ring radiating area 13, and the two radiating area arranged concentrics.It is preferred that radial heat dissipation
Device 23 is coaxial with reaction tube 10.Wherein, multiple cooling fins 17 are equipped in inner ring radiating area 14, and these cooling fins are by radiating
The axle center of shape radiator 23 extends to inner ring radiating area and outer ring radiating area along the direction extension radially towards outer ring radiating area
The edge of the two linking, the i.e. outer edge of inner ring radiating area 14；It is preferred that being integrally in " rice " between the cooling fin of inner ring radiating area 14
Font distribution, and the core for being somebody's turn to do " rice " word is to be equipped with the axle center of Thermal couple casing pipe.Multiple heat dissipations also are provided in outer ring radiating area 13
Piece 16, and these cooling fins extend each along radial direction, are extended in reaction tube 10 by the outer edge of inner ring radiating area
Wall.The inner cavity of reaction tube 10 is divided into multiple independent catalysis by the cooling fin in inner ring radiating area and outer ring radiating area as a result,
Cavity 12 is loaded in agent.More preferably in embodiment, it is empty that 10 inner cavity of reaction tube is divided into 6-30 independent Catalyst packings
Chamber.In preferred embodiment, inner ring radiating area is multiple radial directions (referring to reaction tube radial direction) section by cooling fin even partition
The identical Catalyst packing cavity of area；Outer ring radiating area is divided into multiple radial directions (referring to reaction tube radial direction) section face by cooling fin
The identical Catalyst packing cavity of product；More preferably, the diameter of each Catalyst packing cavity of inner ring radiating area and outer ring radiating area
It is equal to (referring to reaction tube radial direction) area of section.In some preferred embodiments, the inside radius r of inner ring radiating area is entire
0.55-0.65 times of the inside radius R of reaction tube 10, so that inner ring radiating area Catalyst packing cavity and outer ring radiating area catalyst
The radial section product for loading cavity is essentially identical, and it is uniform to be conducive to catalyst bed radial temperature.Specifically, can be radial
Radiator is equipped with cyclic annular gusset, which is located between the inner wall and its axle center of reaction tube, and coaxial with reaction tube, from
And the radiating area of radial radiator is integrally divided into inner ring radiating area and outer ring radiating area.
The material of radial radiator 23 is preferably adopted as aluminium, copper material, steel or aluminium alloy, more preferably aluminium, with
Obtain preferable heat dissipation effect.In some embodiments, the length of Thermal couple casing pipe 15 and the height of central tube are identical；It is excellent
Choosing, Thermal couple casing pipe is stainless steel tube, for example, 1/4 inch or 3/8 inch of stainless steel tube.Thermal couple casing pipe for being inserted into wherein
Temperature-measuring heat couple monitors catalyst in reaction tube 10 for measuring the reaction temperature of 10 internal catalyst bed layer of central tube and reaction tube
The temperature of bed is in axial distribution.
It is that uniform intervals are parallel between the intracorporal multiple reaction tubes 10 of 1 tower of fixed bed reactors in preferred embodiment
Arrangement.In preferred some embodiments, referring to fig. 2, a reaction tube 10 in multiple reaction tubes 10 is along tower body axle center cloth
Pipe 10-1 centered on setting, remaining reaction pipe 10 are arranged around central tube 10-1 uniform intervals；A kind of preferably specific real
It applies in mode, the distance between central axis of adjacent two reaction tubes 10 L is 3-10 times of 10 inside radius R of reaction tube, specifically
Such as 4 times, it can be ensured that move the circulation area demand of the passage of heat, while improving the effective use of reactor volume again, so that reaction
Device compact overall structure, reduces investment outlay.
Specifically, fixed bed reactors 1 of the invention, synthesis gas entrance is set to the top or top of tower body, the synthesis
Gas entrance is used as Fischer-Tropsch synthesis for inputting hot synthesis gas.Synthesis gas entrance is further preferably connected on the synthesis gas entrance
Temperature control loop 9 is controlled for the temperature to the synthesis gas from synthesis gas-heat exchanger 7.Tower body bottom or
Lower part sets material outlet, the product and unreacted synthesis gas obtained for reaction to be discharged.The material outlet is connected to
Gas-heat exchanger 7 is synthesized, for carrying out heat exchange with the synthesis gas II tentatively preheated from synthesis air preheater 3, thus right
Synthesis gas II is further preheated.
In some preferred embodiments, gas pre-distributor 21 and gas distribution plate 22 are additionally provided in tower body.Wherein, gas
Body pre-distributor 21 is directly connect with synthesis gas entrance, and gas distribution plate 22 is set to gas pre-distributor 21 and reaction tube 10 pushes up
In space between portion, that is, the tower body inner cavity in the space.Pass through the work of gas pre-distributor 21 and gas distribution plate 22
With so that being evenly distributed before entering reaction tube 10 in radial direction after synthesis gas enters tower body by synthesis gas entrance；
After the radially even distribution of synthesis gas, enters back into reaction tube 10 and participate in reaction, solve synthesis gas and flowed in reactor column body
When, the problem of radial distribution unevenness (center is large-minded, and wall surface is narrow-minded), it can be improved catalyst utilization, reduce reactor diameter
To and axial temperature difference.The specific structure of gas pre-distributor and gas distribution plate is not particularly limited, as long as can reach in radial direction
Direction evenly distributes the effect of gas.For example, in some preferred embodiments, referring to fig. 4-5, in gas pre-distributor
21 side wall offers elongate holes 18, and quantity can be 4-12 etc., offer round hole 19 in bottom, quantity can be 2-
6 holes, preferably bottom opening area are 0.3-0.6 times of side-wall hole area；Referring to Fig. 6, can be open on gas distribution plate
Equipped with multiple equally distributed round holes 20, the diameter of this some holes can be 0.1-6.0mm, and more preferable 1.0-3.0mm is preferably opened
Hole area is the 5-70%, more preferable 15-55% of 1 cross-sectional area of fixed bed reactors；It is pre- using the gas of these preferred structures
Distributor and gas distribution plate can achieve preferable gas distribution effects.
Specifically, cyclical superheating water inlet is located at the position in tower body side wall close to 10 lower part of reaction tube；Superheated water-steam
Mixture outlet is located at tower body side wall close to the position at the top of reaction tube 10, and superheated water is from the cyclical superheating water inlet for being located at lower part
Into after tower body, into (the i.e. shifting hot media channel of channel 11 between reaction tube 10 or between reaction tube 10 and tower body side wall
11) reaction heat that comes of heat transfer and gasified as steam, and then in absorbing reaction pipe 10, from superposed superheated water-steam
Mixture outlet output.Specifically, the outlet of overheat water-steam mixture is and the connection of drum 2, the specially water with drum 2
The connection of vapour mixture inlet, thus, the circulation overheated water and vapour mixture will loop in drum 2 and further utilize.Drum 2
Overheat water pump is connected between the overheat water inlet of fixed bed reactors 1, superheated water in drum 2 (or be cyclical superheating
Water) it is pumped into fixed bed reactors 1 by overheating water pump.
Specifically, being additionally provided with condensate water pot 4 and drum small pump 5, condensed water between synthesis air preheater 3 and drum 2
Tank 4 is connected with the condensation-water drain of synthesis air preheater 3, for storing the synthesis obtained condensed water of air preheater 3；Drum is mended
Water pump 5 is recycled for the condensed water in condensate water pot to be pumped in drum 2, which reaches in drum 2
Superheated water can be further generated after overtemperature, as the shifting thermal medium in fixed bed reactors 1.
In some embodiments, the steam (vapor) outlet of drum 2 is connected with pressure control valve and fixed bed reaction
The aperture of device temperature control loop 8, the pressure control valve is controlled by pressure control loop 8, the vapour pressure in drum 2
Power is more than pressure control valve opening after setting value, and the steam in drum 2 leaves drum 2 by valve, and then is input to synthesis
First time heat exchange is carried out with synthesis gas in air preheater 3.Pressure control valve aperture is controlled using pressure control loop is
This field routine techniques does not repeat this.Preferably, by the drum 2 be supplied to synthesize air preheater 3 steam be in it is low
Steam is pressed, temperature is 220-285 DEG C, pressure 1.5-7.0MPa.
F- T synthesis fixed bed reactors thermal control system of the invention, main working process are as follows: conjunction to be preheated
It introduces at gas from synthesis air preheater 3, after carrying out first time heat exchange with the steam that drum 2 ejects, continues anti-with fixed bed
The thermal material for answering device 1 to be discharged carries out second of heat exchange in synthesis gas-heat exchanger 7.Steam condensation after first time heat exchange
Condensed water is formed afterwards and enters condensate water pot 4, and drum 2 is then sent back to by drum small pump 5, returns to the condensed water of drum 2 in vapour
Reach overtemperature in packet 2, becomes circulation overheated water together with the superheated water in drum.By overheat water pump 6 by circulation overheated water
Fixed bed reactors 1 are sent into, part circulation overheated water vaporizes after absorbing reaction heat, becomes steam, unboiled cyclical superheating
The mixture of water and steam enters above fixed bed reactors 1 returns to drum 2, realize internal system water recycle and
Reach and moves hot purpose.
The hot synthesis gas obtained after heat exchange twice enters from the top synthesis gas entrance of fixed bed reactors 1,
Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, reaction product and unreacted synthesis gas (thermal material) are carried out in fixed bed reactors 1 from fixed bed reactors 1
Lower part outflow, by synthesis gas-heat exchanger 7 and synthesis gas heat exchange after discharge system.Expense is partially absorbed in circulation overheated water
It is vaporized after support synthetic reaction heat, into drum 2, ensure that the constant temperature method of fixed bed reactors 1, unboiled cyclical superheating
Steam after water and vaporization enters drum 2 together and carries out the separation of water and steam, after the pressure in drum is more than setting value
Steam leaves drum (by 8 control valve aperture of fixed bed reactors pressure control loop) by pressure control valve, starts to steam
Water circulation inside vapour-condensation-drum water charging system.Superheated water (i.e. circulation overheated water) in drum is pumped to instead by superheated water
It answers device to move hot media channel, starts the circulation that reactor takes hot systems.
In order to make it easy to understand, it is solid to carry out F- T synthesis using system of the invention in a kind of specific embodiment below
The process that fixed bed reactor carries out heat regulation is illustrated, but be should not be construed as technical solution of the present invention and be confined to
This:
1 diameter 0.42m of fixed bed reactors, total height 2.5m, reaction tube 10 is 2.0m long, diameter 60mm, the number of reaction tube 10
Amount is 7, arrangement mode such as Fig. 2.The radial aluminium radiator of arrangement, structure are as shown in Figure 3 in reaction tube 10.
It is spheric catalyst SFT814 (Zhejiang Twrd New Material Co., Ltd.'s manufacture) filling that 17.3L has been activated by total amount
In reaction tube 10, particle size range is 30-120 μm, room temperature synthesis gas (hydrogen 21.8Nm3/ h, carbon monoxide 7.3Nm3/ h) from
The top for synthesizing air preheater 3 introduces, and after carrying out first time heat exchange with the steam that drum 2 ejects, temperature reaches 160 DEG C,
Continue the thermal material (product) being discharged with fixed bed reactors 1 and carry out second of heat exchange in synthesis gas-heat exchanger 7, synthesizes
Temperature degree reaches 235 DEG C (synthesis gas inlet temperature control loop 9 passes through control valve aperture 25-30%).
There are one-to-one relationships for the saturated vapor pressure of existing steam pressure, that is, water and temperature together with water, that is, control one
Fixed steam pressure just determines the vapourizing temperature of water.The principle of drum is exactly by controlling the pressure of saturated steam to control
The temperature of superheated water processed.And circulation overheated water in reactor as moving thermal medium, once the shifting thermal medium as low-temperature end
Temperature secures, and according to heat transfer characteristic, the temperature of the catalyst bed as temperature end will also be fixed on one accordingly
Value.The effect of drum controls the reaction temperature of F- T synthesis using the saturated vapor pressure of drum exactly according to above-mentioned principle.
The working principle of drum is the prior art well-known to those skilled in the art, is not repeated one by one this.
Synthesis gas carries out Fischer-Tropsch synthesis under the effect of the catalyst, while releasing a large amount of heat.In order to control reaction
Reaction temperature in device makes vapor (steam) temperature generate variation in certain value using the method for adjusting drum pressure.Under the present embodiment
Temperature of reactor control is at 250 DEG C, and drum pressure control is in 3.1MPa, and cyclical superheating coolant-temperature gage is 235 DEG C, cyclical superheating water flow
Amount be 1.5t/h, circulation overheated water after reactor absorbing reaction heat, 41kg superheated water therein be vaporized into for overheat
The synthermal steam of water.
The condensed water formed after steam condensation after first time heat exchange enters condensate water pot 4, then by drum small pump 5
Send drum 2 back to, the condensed water for returning to drum 2, which reaches to be sent by overheat water pump 6 after overtemperature (235 DEG C) in drum 2, to be fixed
Bed reactor 1；Vaporization becomes steam after the superheated water absorbing reaction heat of part, escapes and enter vapour above fixed bed reactors 1
Packet 2 realizes recycling for internal system water.
Hot synthesis gas after heat exchange twice enters fixed bed from the synthesis gas entrance on the top of fixed bed reactors 1
It in reactor 1, carries out Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (235 DEG C of temperature), reaction product flows out (thermal material) from the lower part of reactor 1.Take
The heat that support synthetic reaction generates is taken away by overheat water vapor heat absorption, to guarantee the constant temperature method of fixed bed reactors, recycles
Steam after superheated water and vaporization enters drum 2, and pressure of the steam in drum is more than to pass through after setting value (such as 3.1MPa)
Valve leaves drum (by 8 control valve aperture of fixed bed reactors temperature control loop).
Through detecting, the fixed bed reactors maximum radial temperature difference is 2.4 DEG C, and the maximum axial temperature difference is 3.7 DEG C.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that under the introduction of this specification, the present invention can be made some modifications or
Adjustment.These modifications or adjustment should also be as within the scope of the claims in the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of F- T synthesis fixed bed reactors thermal control system, which is characterized in that including,
For contacting hot synthesis gas with catalyst Fischer-Tropsch synthesis occurs for fixed bed reactors, and acquisition contains reaction product
With the thermal material of unreacted synthesis gas；The fixed bed reactors are equipped with overheat water inlet, for receiving circulation overheated water；It is fixed
The shifting hot media channel being connected to cyclical superheating water inlet is equipped in bed reactor, the part circulation overheated water is in the shifting warm
Medium channel interior suction, which is received, is vaporizated into steam after reaction heat caused by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, form circulation overheated water and steam
Mixture；
Air preheater is synthesized, for synthesis gas and steam progress first time heat exchange that will be to be preheated, obtains the conjunction tentatively preheated
The condensed water formed at gas and the steam through heat exchange；
Synthesize gas-heat exchanger, for by the obtained synthesis gas tentatively preheated of the synthesis air preheater with it is described solid
The obtained thermal material of fixed bed reactor carries out second of heat exchange, to obtain for the thermal synthesis supplied to fixed bed reactors
Gas；
Drum, for into the synthesis air preheater for the steam applied to the first time heat exchange and to fixed bed reaction
Device supplies the circulation overheated water with absorbing reaction heat, is also used to receive the condensed water formed in the synthesis air preheater
With the mixture for receiving the circulation overheated water and steam that are formed in the fixed bed reactors, and to circulation overheated water and steaming
Vapour mixture carries out vapor-liquid separation and control steam pressure；
Preferably, in fixed bed reactors, when the circulation overheated water flows through the shifting hot media channel after absorbing reaction heat
The part being vaporized is 1-90wt%, preferably 10-70wt%, more preferably 20-50wt%.
2. F- T synthesis fixed bed reactors thermal control system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
The fixed bed reactors include tower body, and the reaction tube of multiple spaced and parallel arrangements is in axial direction equipped in tower body, and
Radial radiator is equipped in reaction tube；The shifting hot media channel includes between adjacent reaction pipe and reaction tube and tower body inner wall
Between space be formed by channel；
The whole axially extending arrangement along reaction tube of radial radiator, radial radiator includes along reaction tube radial direction side
To multiple cooling fins of extension, and the inner cavity of reaction tube is made to be divided into multiple independent Catalyst packing cavitys；
Preferably, the material of the radial radiator is aluminium, copper material, steel or aluminium alloy, more preferably aluminium.
3. F- T synthesis fixed bed reactors thermal control system according to claim 2, which is characterized in that
The axle center of the radial radiator is equipped with Thermal couple casing pipe, the radial radiator include concentric inner ring radiating area and
Outer ring radiating area, the inner ring radiating area is interior to be equipped with by the axle center along the more of the direction extension radially towards outer ring radiating area
A cooling fin；Equipped with multiple multiple cooling fins extended along radial direction in the outer ring radiating area；The reaction tube it is interior
Chamber is divided into multiple independent Catalyst packing cavitys by the cooling fin of inner ring radiating area and outer ring radiating area；
Preferably, the inner cavity of the reaction tube is divided into 6-30 independent Catalyst packing cavitys.
Preferably, multiple cooling fins of the inner ring radiating area are integrally in the distribution of " rice " font.
4. F- T synthesis fixed bed reactors thermal control system according to claim 3, which is characterized in that
The inner ring radiating area is the identical Catalyst packing cavity of multiple radial cross-sectional areas by cooling fin even partition；
The outer ring radiating area is divided into the identical Catalyst packing cavity of multiple radial cross-sectional areas by cooling fin；
Preferably, the radial cross-sectional area of each Catalyst packing cavity of inner ring radiating area and outer ring radiating area is equal；
Preferably, the inside radius r of inner ring radiating area is 0.55-0.65 times of the inside radius R of entire reaction tube.
5. according to the described in any item F- T synthesis fixed bed reactors thermal control systems of claim 2-4, which is characterized in that
Multiple reaction tubes uniform intervals in tower body are arranged；
Preferably, a reaction tube in multiple reaction tubes is managed centered on the arrangement of tower body axle center, and remaining reaction pipe surrounds should
Central tube uniform intervals arrangement；It is further preferred that the distance between central axis of arbitrary adjacent two reaction tubes L is anti-
It should be 3-10 times of pipe inside radius R.
6. according to the described in any item F- T synthesis fixed bed reactors thermal control systems of claim 2-5, which is characterized in that
The top or top of the tower body are equipped with the synthesis gas entrance for inputting the hot synthesis gas；
The bottom or lower part of the tower body are equipped with the material outlet for the thermal material to be discharged.
7. F- T synthesis fixed bed reactors thermal control system according to claim 6, which is characterized in that
Gas pre-distributor is equipped in the tower body, gas pre-distributor is directly connect with the synthesis gas entrance；In the gas
Gas distribution plate is equipped in space between at the top of body pre-distributor and the reaction tube；The gas pre-distributor and gas point
Matching board is used to that the hot synthesis gas inputted by the synthesis gas entrance to be made radially to be uniformly distributed before entering reaction tube.
8. according to the described in any item F- T synthesis fixed bed reactors thermal control systems of claim 2-7, which is characterized in that
The cyclical superheating water inlet of fixed bed reactors is set to tower body side wall close to the position of reaction tube lower part；
The fixed bed reactors are additionally provided with the outlet of overheat water-steam mixture, are gone out for exporting by the shifting hot media channel
The circulation overheated water and vapour mixture come；It is preferred that the overheat water-steam mixture outlet is close set on tower body side wall
Position at the top of reaction tube；
The drum is equipped with the gas-vapor mix being connected with the outlet of the overheat water-steam mixture of fixed bed reactors and enters
Mouthful, so that the circulation overheated water and vapour mixture that generate in fixed bed reactors are recycled in drum.
9. F- T synthesis fixed bed reactors thermal control system according to claim 8, which is characterized in that
Condensate water pot and drum small pump, the condensate water pot and institute are additionally provided between the synthesis air preheater and the drum
The condensation-water drain for stating synthesis air preheater is connected, for storing the synthesis obtained condensed water of air preheater；The drum is mended
Water pump is for the condensed water in condensate water pot to be pumped in drum；
Overheat water pump is connected between the drum and the fixed bed reactors, for pumping the circulation overheated water in drum
Into fixed bed reactors.
10. -9 described in any item F- T synthesis fixed bed reactors thermal control systems according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
Synthesis gas inlet temperature control loop is connected on the synthesis gas entrance of the fixed bed reactors, for will enter
The temperature of the hot synthesis gas of the synthesis gas entrance is controlled；
The steam (vapor) outlet of the drum is connected with pressure control valve and the fixed bed reactors for controlling the valve opening
Temperature control loop；
Preferably, being supplied to by the drum and synthesizing the steam of air preheater is low pressure steam, and temperature is 200-285 DEG C, pressure
Power is 1.5-7.0MPa.
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