Specific embodiment
With reference to embodiments come where attached drawing is explained further and illustrates invention of the invention.
Fig. 1 is one embodiment of hiccup formula protection circuit of the present invention, which can regard a four-pole network as, this four
The input terminal for holding network is (A1), (B1), wherein (A1) termination, by the anode of protection DC power supply, (B1) termination is straight by protection
The cathode in galvanic electricity source, and the reference zero potential as the circuit.The output end of this four-pole network be (A2), (B2), wherein
(A2) end is the anode of output, and (B2) is the cathode of output.Load connects at (A2), the both ends (B2).
First describe the specific design of Fig. 1 circuit.N1, N2 element model TL431 in Fig. 1 is three end adjustable precision electricity
Benchmark is pressed, which has cathode K, anode A and refer to tri- pins of R.
One end of resistance R1 is connected by the anode (A1) of protection DC power supply, the other end of resistance R1 connects N1 element
Cathode, the anode of N1 element connects by the cathode (B1) of protection DC power supply, then by the cathode K of N1 element and refers to R two
Pin be shorted, can be obtained from the cathode of N1 element 2.5V accurate reference voltage output, the present embodiment be exactly in this way, and
One end of resistance R4 is connected to the cathode of N1 element.
One end of resistance R2 is connected by the anode (A1) of protection DC power supply, resistance R3 and capacitor C1 will after being mutually in parallel
By the anode (A1) of protection DC power supply, the other end connects the anode and P-channel field-effect transistor (PEFT) pipe V1 of diode VD1 for one end connection
Grid, the source electrode of field-effect tube V1 connects by the anode (A1) of protection DC power supply;The cathode of diode VD1 connects electricity simultaneously
Hinder the other end of R2 and the cathode of N2 element;The anode of N2 element is connected by the cathode (B1) of protection DC power supply;N2 element
The other end, one end of capacitor C2 and one end of resistance R6 of low reference pin connection resistance R4;The other end connection of capacitor C2 is protected
One end of cathode (B1) and resistance R5 of DC power supply are protected, the other end of resistance R5 connects output negative pole end (B2), resistance R6's
The other end is also connected to output negative pole end (B2).
The source electrode connection of P-channel field-effect transistor (PEFT) pipe V2 is connected by the anode (A1) of protection DC power supply, the cathode of voltage-stabiliser tube VD2
The source electrode of field-effect tube V2 is connect, the grid of field-effect tube V2 connects the anode and resistance of the drain electrode of field-effect tube V1, voltage-stabiliser tube VD2
The other end of one end of R7, resistance R7 connects output negative pole end (B2), and the drain electrode of field-effect tube V2 is output cathode end (A2).
The working principle of Fig. 1 circuit is: by resistance R1 current limliting after energization, N1 element obtain it is electric, it is defeated from the cathode of N1 element
The accurate reference voltage of 2.5V out, the accurate reference voltage of the 2.5V are added in the series arm of resistance R4 and resistance R6 composition,
Design makes the partial pressure 2.4V on resistance R6.Resistance R2 is the current-limiting resistance of N2 element.The appropriate resistance value for choosing resistance R5, when
(A2), when the both ends (B2) are non-loaded or relatively light load no load current or flows through lesser load current on resistance R5,
Then absence of voltage or voltage drop very little (being less than 0.1V) on resistance R5, therefore the low reference pin of N2 element only has 2.4V voltage
Or it is less than 2.5V, so that N2 element is in off state, the grid of P-channel field-effect transistor (PEFT) pipe V1 obtains high electricity by resistance R3
Flat, field-effect tube V1 is also at off state, and the grid of P-channel field-effect transistor (PEFT) pipe V2 obtains low level, field by resistance R7 at this time
Effect pipe V2 is in the conductive state, allows to export electric current, load can work normally.Voltage-stabiliser tube VD2 limits field-effect tube V2
Grid and source electrode between overtension, play a part of protect field-effect tube V2.
When (A2), the both ends (B2) band heavy duty or short circuit, biggish load current or greatly short are flowed through on resistance R5
Road electric current, so that the voltage drop on resistance R5 meets or exceeds 0.1V, the voltage on N2 element reference pin reaches or surpasses at this time
2.5V is crossed, N2 element is in the conductive state, the grid level of field-effect tube V1 has been dragged down, so that field-effect tube V1 is on shape
The drain electrode output high level of state, field-effect tube V1 is added on the grid of field-effect tube V2, and field-effect tube V2 is just in off state,
Cutting output electric current, protects DC power supply.Due to without output electric current, also just without voltage drop on resistance R5,
2.5V is not achieved in voltage on N2 element reference pin, and N2 element is in off state again, and the grid of field-effect tube V1 passes through
Resistance R3 obtains high level again, and field-effect tube V1 is also again at off state, and the grid of field-effect tube V2 passes through electricity at this time
Resistance R7 obtain low level again, field-effect tube V2 is again on state, allow export electric current, if load it is still very heavy or
Person's short circuit phenomenon is not eliminated, then field-effect tube V1 also can constantly alternate conduction and cut-off, and field-effect tube V2 is constantly handed over
For being switched off and on, " hiccup formula " protection is carried out to DC power supply.
When field-effect tube V1 is in cut-off, field-effect tube V2 is on, and when field-effect tube V1 is on
When field-effect tube V2 in cut-off, this has transient process from the point of view of microcosmic.When N2 element conductive, capacitor C1 and
Interelectrode capacity between the source electrode and grid of field-effect tube V1 is charged by diode VD1, N2 element, leads field-effect tube V1
As soon as being connected with a delay time, then field-effect tube V2 cut-off also and then delays;Equally when N2 element is in cut-off, capacitor C1
And the charged lotus of interelectrode capacity between the source electrode and grid of field-effect tube V1 will be discharged by resistance R3, cut field-effect tube V1
As soon as only also there is a delay time, then field-effect tube V2 conducting also and then delays.The sum of the two delay times are exactly " to beat
The period of belch ".The source electrode of field-effect tube V1 capacitor C1 compared with the interelectrode capacity amount between grid is negligible, suitably selection capacitor
The value of C1 and resistance R3 can adjust the period of " hiccup ", and the period modulation of usual " hiccup " is that Millisecond is preferable.Capacitor C2
It is connected to the low reference pin of N2 element and by between the cathode (B1) of protection DC power supply, plays a filtering role.
The resistance value of resistance R5 determines the output protected critical value of electric current, if this critical value is IO (A), the then resistance of R5
Value is determined with formula R5=0.1 (V)/IO (A).Such as the output protected critical value of electric current is 10 amperes, then the resistance value of R5 is answered
It is 0.1/10=0.01 ohm.
Fig. 2 circuit is another embodiment of hiccup formula protection circuit of the present invention, and the same circuit can be considered four ends
Network, the input terminal of this four-pole network is (A01), (B01), wherein (A01) is terminated by the anode of protection DC power supply,
(B01) termination is by the cathode of protection DC power supply, and the reference zero potential as the circuit.The output end of this four-pole network is
(A02), (B02), wherein anode of the end (A02) for output, (B02) are the cathode of output.Load connects in (A02), (B02) two
End, Fig. 2 circuit are straight-through are shorted by the anode (A02) of the anode (A01) of protection DC power supply and output.The function of Fig. 2 circuit
Rate adjusts pipe and uses N-channel field-effect tube, connects the cathode in DC power supply.N-channel field-effect tube cheaper is easily purchased.It is therein
N01, N02 element model are all TL431, are three end adjustable precision voltage references.
One end of resistance R01 is connected by the anode (A01) of protection DC power supply, the other end connection N01 member of resistance R01
The cathode of part, the anode of N01 element are connected by the cathode (B01) of protection DC power supply, then by the cathode K of N01 element and reference
Two pins of R are shorted, and the accurate reference voltage output of 2.5V can be obtained from the cathode of N01 element, in this way the present embodiment is exactly
?.And one end of resistance R04 is connected to the cathode of N01 element.
One end of resistance R02 is connected by the anode (A01) of protection DC power supply, the other end of resistance R02 connects resistance
One end of R03 and the base stage of PNP triode V01;The cathode of the other end connection N02 element of resistance R03;The anode of N02 element
Connection is by the cathode (B01) of protection DC power supply;The other end and resistance R06 of the low reference pin connection resistance R04 of N02 element
One end, one end of the other end connection resistance R05 of resistance R06 and the source electrode of N-channel field-effect tube V03, resistance R05's is another
End connection is by the cathode (B01) of protection DC power supply;The drain electrode of field-effect tube V03 is output negative pole end (B02).
The emitter of triode V01 is connected by the anode (A01) of protection DC power supply, the collector of triode V01 connects
One end of connecting resistance R07 and one end of resistance R08, the other end of resistance R07 are connected to the source electrode of field-effect tube V03;Resistance R08
Other end connection diode VD01 anode, cathode connection one end of capacitor C01 of diode VD01, resistance R09 one end
With the grid of N-channel field-effect tube V02;The other end of capacitor C01 and the other end of resistance R09 are connected to field-effect tube V03's
Source electrode;The source electrode of field-effect tube V02 is also connected to the source electrode of field-effect tube V03.
One end of resistance R010 is connected by the anode (A01) of protection DC power supply, the other end of resistance R010 is connected to
The drain electrode of field-effect tube V02, the grid of field-effect tube V03 and voltage-stabiliser tube VD02 cathode, the anode of voltage-stabiliser tube VD02 is connected to
The source electrode of field-effect tube V03.
The working principle of Fig. 2 circuit is: by resistance R01 current limliting after energization, N01 element obtain it is electric, from the cathode of N01 element
The accurate reference voltage of place's output 2.5V, the accurate reference voltage of the 2.5V are added in the series connection of resistance R04 and resistance R06 composition
Branch road, design make the partial pressure 2.4V on resistance R06.Resistance R02 and resistance R03 is the current-limiting resistance of N02 element.Appropriate choosing
The resistance value for taking resistance R05, when (A02), the both ends (B02) are non-loaded when or relatively light load, no load current on resistance R05
Or lesser load current is flowed through, then absence of voltage or voltage drop very little (being less than 0.1V) on resistance R05, therefore N02
The low reference pin of element only has 2.4V voltage or is less than 2.5V, so that N02 element is in off state, PNP triode V01
Base stage connect on the series connection node of resistance R02 and resistance R03, obtain high level at this time, triode V01 is in off state,
The grid of N-channel field-effect tube V02 is also at low level and cannot be connected, and field-effect tube V02 is in off state, N-channel field effect
Should the grid of pipe V03 high level is obtained by resistance R010, field-effect tube V03 is in the conductive state, allows to export electric current, load
It can work normally.Voltage-stabiliser tube VD02 limits the overtension between the grid and source electrode of field-effect tube V03, plays protection field
The effect of effect pipe V03.
When (A02), the both ends (B02) band heavy duty or short circuit, biggish load current or big is flowed through on resistance R05
Short circuit current, so that the voltage drop on resistance R05 meets or exceeds 0.1V, the voltage on N02 element reference pin reaches at this time
Or more than 2.5V, N02 element is in the conductive state, has dragged down the base potential of triode V01, is on triode V01
The grid of state, field-effect tube V02 obtains high level conducting by resistance R08 and diode VD01, is shorted out field-effect tube
Driving voltage on V03 grid, field-effect tube V03 are just in off state, and cutting output electric current protects DC power supply
Shield.Due to without output electric current, also just without voltage drop on resistance R05, the voltage on N02 element reference pin is not achieved
2.5V, N02 element are in off state again, and the base stage of triode V01 obtains high level again, and field-effect tube V02 is also again
In off state, the grid of field-effect tube V03 obtains high level by resistance R010 again at this time, and field-effect tube V03 is again
It is in the conductive state, allow to export electric current, if still very heavy or short circuit phenomenon is not eliminated for load, the three of Fig. 2 circuit
Pole pipe V01 and field-effect tube V02 also can constantly alternate conduction and cut-off, and field-effect tube V03 constantly alternately end and lead
It is logical, " hiccup formula " protection is carried out to DC power supply.
Similar with Fig. 1 embodiment, when field-effect tube V02 is in cut-off, field-effect tube V03 is on, and on the spot
For field-effect tube V03 in cut-off, this has transient process from the point of view of microcosmic when effect pipe V02 is on.When N2 member
When part is connected, triode V01 is also switched on, and the interelectrode capacity between capacitor C01 and the source electrode and grid of field-effect tube V02 passes through two
Pole pipe VD01, resistance R05 charging, as soon as make field-effect tube V02 conducting have a delay time, then field-effect tube V03 cut-off also with
Delay;Equally when N2 element be in cut-off when, triode V01 is also switched off, the source electrode of capacitor C01 and field-effect tube V02 with
The charged lotus of interelectrode capacity between grid will be discharged by resistance R09, when field-effect tube V02 cut-off being made also to have a delay
Between, then field-effect tube V03 conducting also just and then delays.The period that the sum of the two delay times exactly " have the hiccups ".Field-effect
The source electrode of pipe V02 capacitor C01 compared with the interelectrode capacity amount between grid is negligible, appropriate to choose capacitor C01 and resistance R09
Value, the period of " hiccup " can be adjusted, the period modulation of usual " hiccup " is preferable for Millisecond.
The resistance value of resistance R05 determines the output protected critical value of electric current, if this critical value is IO (A), the then resistance of R05
Value is determined with formula R05=0.1 (V)/IO (A).Such as the output protected critical value of electric current is 10 amperes, then the resistance value of R05
It should be 0.1/10=0.01 ohm.
It, can by resistive element R1-R7, three ends in conclusion the first DC power supply hiccup formula of the invention protects circuit
Adjust standard of precision voltage TL431 element N1-N2, capacitor C1-C2, diode VD1, voltage-stabiliser tube VD2, P-channel field-effect transistor (PEFT) pipe V1-
V2 composition, the mode that these elements specifically connect is: one end of resistance R1 is connected by the anode (A1) of protection DC power supply, electricity
The cathode of the other end connection N1 element of R1 is hindered, the anode of N1 element is connected by the cathode (B1) of protection DC power supply, then by N1
The cathode K and reference two pins of R of element are shorted, and one end of resistance R4 are connected to the cathode of N1 element;Resistance R2's
One end is connected by the anode (A1) of protection DC power supply, and one end connect straight by protection by resistance R3 after being mutually in parallel with capacitor C1
The anode (A1) in galvanic electricity source, the other end connect the anode of diode VD1 and the grid of P-channel field-effect transistor (PEFT) pipe V1, field-effect tube V1
Source electrode connection by the anode (A1) of protection DC power supply, the cathode of diode VD1 connects the other end and N2 of resistance R2 simultaneously
The cathode of element;The anode connection of N2 element connects resistance by the cathode (B1) of protection DC power supply, the low reference pin of N2 element
The other end of R4, one end of capacitor C2 and resistance R6 one end;The other end of capacitor C2 is connected by the cathode of protection DC power supply
(B1) and one end of resistance R5, the other end of resistance R5 connect output negative pole end (B2), and the other end of resistance R6 is also connected to defeated
Negative pole end (B2) out;By the anode (A1) of protection DC power supply, voltage-stabiliser tube VD2's is negative for the source electrode connection of P-channel field-effect transistor (PEFT) pipe V2
Pole connects the source electrode of field-effect tube V2, and the grid of field-effect tube V2 connects the anode of the drain electrode of field-effect tube V1, voltage-stabiliser tube VD2
Output negative pole end (B2) is connected with the other end of one end of resistance R7, resistance R7, the drain electrode of field-effect tube V2 is output cathode
It holds (A2).
The appropriate value for choosing capacitor C1 and resistance R3, can adjust the time cycle of " hiccup ", the resistance value of resistance R5 is determined
Determined the protected critical value of output electric current, if this critical value be IO (A), then the resistance value of R5 with formula R5=0.1 (V)/IO (A) come
It determines.
In conclusion second of DC power supply hiccup formula of the invention protects circuit, by resistive element R01-R010, three
Hold adjustable precision voltage reference TL431 element N01-N02, capacitor C01, diode VD01, voltage-stabiliser tube VD02, PNP triode
V01, N-channel field-effect tube V02-V03 composition, the mode that these elements specifically connect is: one end connection of resistance R01 is protected
The anode (A01) of DC power supply, the cathode of the other end connection N01 element of resistance R01 are protected, the anode connection of N01 element is protected
The cathode (B01) of DC power supply is protected, then is shorted by the cathode K of N01 element and with reference to two pins of R, and the one of resistance R04
End is connected to the cathode of N01 element;One end of resistance R02 is connected by the anode (A01) of protection DC power supply, resistance R02's
The other end connects one end of resistance R03 and the base stage of PNP triode V01, and the other end of resistance R03 connects the cathode of N02 element,
By the cathode (B01) of protection DC power supply, the low reference pin connection resistance R04's of N02 element is another for the anode connection of N02 element
One end of one end and resistance R06, one end of the other end connection resistance R05 of resistance R06 and the source electrode of N-channel field-effect tube V03,
The other end of resistance R05 is connected by the cathode (B01) of protection DC power supply, and the drain electrode of field-effect tube V03 is output negative pole end
(B02);The emitter of triode V01 is connected by the anode (A01) of protection DC power supply, the collector of triode V01 connects
One end of resistance R07 and one end of resistance R08, the other end of resistance R07 are connected to the source electrode of field-effect tube V03, resistance R08
Other end connection diode VD01 anode, cathode connection one end of capacitor C01 of diode VD01, resistance R09 one end
With the grid of N-channel field-effect tube V02, the other end of capacitor C01 and the other end of resistance R09 are connected to field-effect tube V03's
Source electrode;The source electrode of field-effect tube V02 is also connected to the source electrode of field-effect tube V03;One end connection resistance R010 is straight by protection
The anode (A01) in galvanic electricity source, the other end of resistance R010 are connected to the grid of the drain electrode of field-effect tube V02, field-effect tube V03
With the cathode of voltage-stabiliser tube VD02, the anode of voltage-stabiliser tube VD02 is connected to the source electrode of field-effect tube V03;Just by protection DC power supply
The anode (A02) of pole (A01) and output is straight-through is shorted.
The appropriate value for choosing capacitor C01 and resistance R09, can adjust the time cycle of " hiccup ", the resistance value of resistance R05
The output protected critical value of electric current is determined, if this critical value is IO (A), the then resistance value of R05 formula R05=0.1 (V)/IO
(A) it determines.
The above is only preferable implementation example of the invention, not makes any form of restriction to invention, is appointed
What those skilled in the art changed or be modified to possibly also with the technology contents of the disclosure above equivalent variations etc.
Embodiment is imitated, but without departing from the technical solutions of the present invention, according to the technical essence of the invention to above embodiments institute
Any simple modification, equivalent change and modification of work, all of which are still within the scope of the technical scheme of the invention.