CN109033531A - A kind of electric powered motor matching optimization method based on multiple objective programming - Google Patents
A kind of electric powered motor matching optimization method based on multiple objective programming Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The electric powered motor matching optimization method based on multiple objective programming that the invention discloses a kind of.Method determines the vehicle performance index and key parameter of electric car first；The preliminary type selection calculation of dynamical system is carried out followed by physical equation, and the factors such as market is combined to determine a variety of dynamical system selecting type schemes；Next, using Cruise software emulation, the corresponding vehicle performance of evaluation different dynamic matching scheme；Finally, comprehensively considering many factors such as the power performance of each matching scheme, economic performance, cost, comprehensive optimal power matching scheme is determined using the excellent sequence solution of multiple objective programming.The present invention calculates the vehicle performances index such as max. speed, course continuation mileage according to the parameter of the components such as enterprise's alternate motor, battery, and the factors such as cost is combined to filter out Optimum Matching scheme from multiple schemes, research and development practical to electric car have important guiding effect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electric car field more particularly to a kind of electric powered motor matching based on multiple objective programming are excellent
Change method.
Background technique
The dynamical system matched design of electric car is a step crucial in electric car research and development of products, dynamical system
The vehicle performances such as the max. speed of electric car, max. climb slope, acceleration capacity, running efficiency, continual mileage are risen with design
Conclusive effect.
Currently, the dynamical system matching correct of electric car calculates required mainly from the performance indicator of vehicle
Motor, battery relevant parameter.But in the automobile R&D process of enterprise practical, often first have a few money motors, battery it is standby
Scheme is selected, the cost and corresponding vehicle performance further according to each matching scheme are screened.Therefore, how alternative according to enterprise
The parameter of the components such as motor, battery calculates the vehicle performances index such as max. speed, course continuation mileage, and combine the factors such as cost from
Optimum Matching scheme is filtered out in multiple schemes, needs to carry out the power matching based on multiple-objection optimization, this is to electric car reality
Border research and development have important guiding effect.
Summary of the invention
Blank and disadvantage in view of the prior art, present invention seek to address that cannot be taken into account in existing matching process enterprise for
The various aspects needs of problems such as electric automobile whole dynamic property, economy, cost control, provides a kind of electricity based on multiple objective programming
Electrical automobile power matching optimization method.The present invention it is specific the technical solution adopted is as follows:
A kind of electric powered motor matching optimization method based on multiple objective programming the following steps are included:
1) type selecting, requirements of type selecting are as follows: according to the relationship of motor peak power and power performance, motor peak value are carried out to motor
Power PmaxOtherwise it is less than required power of motor P when electric car max. speedmax,v, max. climb slope when required power of motor
Pmax,aWith power of motor P needed for the acceleration timemax,t；According to the relationship of motor peak torque and power performance, motor peak torque
TmaxRequired motor torque T when not less than electric car max. speedmax,v, max. climb slope when required motor torque Tmax,aWith add
Motor torque T needed for the fast timemax,t；According to the relationship of motor peak speed and power performance, the motor under max. speed is determined
Peak speed nmax；After the completion of choice of electrical machine, it is determined for compliance with the parameter of all alternate motors of requirement；
2) to battery carry out type selecting, requirements of type selecting are as follows: according to when driving at a constant speed output power of motor and it is attainable most
Big continual mileage determines the capacity C of power batteryb；Peak power can be reached according to motor and torque determines the maximum of battery pack
Discharge current Ib,maxWith voltage rating Um,e；After the completion of battery type selecting, it is determined for compliance with the parameter of all alternative batteries of requirement；
3) match the gear range of retarder: the transmission ratio i of retarder must not drop below by motor peak speed and electricity
The transmission ratio i that electrical automobile max. speed determinesmin, it is also necessary to no more than by the corresponding torque capacity of motor peak speed point and electricity
The transmission ratio i that running resistance when electrical automobile max. speed determinesmax1, it is also necessary to no more than by motor peak torque and electronic vapour
The transmission ratio i that running resistance when vehicle max. climb slope determinesmax2；After the completion of matching, it is determined for compliance with all of requirement and alternatively subtracts
The parameter of fast device；
4) the dynamical system components parameter according to step 1), 2), 3) determined, combination form q kind spare power system
With scheme；
5) whole vehicle model of electric car is built in Cruise software, inputs every kind of spare power system matches scheme
Dynamical system components parameter obtains the performance parameter of electric car under every kind of scheme, the performance parameter by simulation calculation
Including max. speed, hundred kilometers of acceleration time, max. climb slope, NEDC state of cyclic operation continual mileage；
6) on the basis of the electric car performance parameter obtained in step 5), the p objective functions for needing to optimize is determined, are adopted
With the excellent sequence solution of multiple-objection optimization, q kind dynamical system matching scheme is comprehensively compared, determines Optimum Matching scheme.
Preferably, in the step 1), the motor peak power Pmax, electric car max. speed when required motor
Power Pmax,v, max. climb slope when required power of motor Pmax,a, power of motor P needed for the acceleration timemax,t, calculation formula is as follows:
Pmax≥max{Pmax,v,Pmax,a,Pmax,t}
Wherein vmaxFor max. speed, ηtFor power train gross efficiency, mtFor kerb weight, g is acceleration of gravity, and f is to roll
Resistance, CDFor coefficient of air resistance, A is frontal area, viSpeed when climbing for maximum, M are fully loaded quality, αmaxFor maximum
Ramp angle, vtSpeed, δ correction coefficient of rotating mass, t are corresponded to for the acceleration timeaccFor 0-vtAcceleration time.
Preferably, in the step 1), the motor peak torque Tmax, electric car max. speed when required motor
Torque Tmax,v, max. climb slope when required motor torque Tmax,a, motor torque T needed for the acceleration timemax,t, calculation formula such as
Under:
Tmax≥max{Tmax,v,Tmax,a,Tmax,t}
Wherein i is transmission ratio, and r is vehicle wheel roll radius.
Preferably, the motor peak speed n in the step 1), under the max. speedmaxCalculation formula is as follows:
Preferably, in the step 2), the capacity C of the power batterybCalculation formula is as follows:
Wherein S is continual mileage, and e is unit distance consumption energy, Ub,eFor battery module rated operational voltage, DOD is to put
Electric depth, ηmFor electric efficiency, veFor economic speed.
Preferably, in the step 2), the maximum discharge current Ib,maxCalculation formula is as follows:
Wherein NmFor number of motors.
Preferably, the transmission ratio i calculating of retarder described in step 3) is as follows:
imin≤i≤min{imax1,imax2}
Wherein iminFor the transmission ratio determined by motor peak speed and electric car max. speed, imax1For by motor peak
The transmission ratio that running resistance when being worth the corresponding torque capacity of revolving speed point and electric car max. speed determines, imax2For by motor
The transmission ratio that running resistance when peak torque and electric car max. climb slope determines, TnmaxIt is corresponding for motor peak speed point
Torque capacity.
Preferably, in the step 6), using the excellent sequence solution of multiple-objection optimization, to q kind dynamical system matching scheme into
Row is comprehensively compared, and determines Optimum Matching scheme, specifically includes following sub-step:
61) remember P={ 1,2 ..., p }, Q={ 1,2 ..., q }, fl(xi)(l∈P；I ∈ Q) indicate i-th kind of matching scheme
L objective functions, the mathematical model of Multiobjective Programming are as follows:
Minf (x)=(k1f1(x),k2f2(x) ..., kpfp(x))
Wherein:
62) excellent ordinal number is calculated:
WhereinFor the feasible solution x of first of targetiWith all other feasible solution xjExcellent ordinal number when comparing；
63) excellent ordinal number weighted sum is taken
Wherein ωlFor the weighting coefficient of first of objective function, and meet
64) K is selectediThe maximum corresponding scheme of value is Optimum Matching scheme.
A kind of electric powered motor matching optimization method based on multiple objective programming of the invention, according to the vehicle of enterprise expectations
Performance indicator calculates the parameter and standard for obtaining dynamical system by physical equation, uses Cruise software emulation, and evaluation is different
The corresponding vehicle performance of power matching scheme.Finally, comprehensively considering the power performance of each matching scheme, economic performance, cost etc.
Many factors determine comprehensive optimal power matching scheme using the excellent sequence solution of multiple objective programming.It is electronic compared to existing
Automobile power matching process, the method for the present invention meet enterprise's electric vehicle development engineering reality, and being capable of Effective selection dynamical system
Selecting type scheme, the optimization vehicle performance of system.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is flow diagram of the invention；
Fig. 2 is Cruise software electric automobile whole Performance Analysis flow diagram；
Fig. 3 is wheel motor distribution driving power system arrangement form.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with attached drawing, to the present invention into
Row is further described.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of electric powered motor matching optimization method based on multiple objective programming the following steps are included:
1) type selecting, requirements of type selecting are as follows: according to the relationship of motor peak power and power performance, motor peak value are carried out to motor
Power PmaxOtherwise it is less than required power of motor P when electric car max. speedmax,v, max. climb slope when required power of motor
Pmax,aWith power of motor P needed for the acceleration timemax,t；According to the relationship of motor peak torque and power performance, motor peak torque
TmaxRequired motor torque T when not less than electric car max. speedmax,v, max. climb slope when required motor torque Tmax,aWith add
Motor torque T needed for the fast timemax,t；According to the relationship of motor peak speed and power performance, the motor under max. speed is determined
Peak speed nmax.The calculation method of each parameter is as follows:
A) motor peak power PmaxRequired power of motor P when not less than electric car max. speedmax,v, max. climb slope
Shi Suoxu power of motor Pmax,a, power of motor P needed for the acceleration timemax,t
Pmax≥max{Pmax,v,Pmax,a,Pmax,t}
Wherein: vmaxFor max. speed；viSpeed when climbing for maximum；αmaxFor maximum ramp angle；vtFor the acceleration time pair
Answer speed；taccFor 0-vtAcceleration time；G is acceleration of gravity；F is rolling resistance；CDFor coefficient of air resistance；A is that front is thrown
Shadow area；M is fully loaded quality；mtFor kerb weight；ηtPower train gross efficiency；δ correction coefficient of rotating mass.
B) motor peak torque TmaxRequired motor torque T when not less than electric car max. speedmax,v, max. climb slope
Shi Suoxu motor torque Tmax,a, motor torque T needed for the acceleration timemax,t
Tmax≥max{Tmax,v,Tmax,a,Tmax,t}
Wherein；I is transmission ratio；R is vehicle wheel roll radius.
C) motor peak speed is calculated
Wherein；nmaxFor motor peak speed.
Several alternate motors are selected from motor to be selected, the relevant parameter of alternate motor cannot be below above-mentioned want
It asks.After the completion of choice of electrical machine, it is determined for compliance with the parameter of all alternate motors of requirement.
2) to battery carry out type selecting, requirements of type selecting are as follows: according to when driving at a constant speed output power of motor and it is attainable most
Big continual mileage determines the capacity C of power batteryb；Peak power can be reached according to motor and torque determines the maximum of battery pack
Discharge current Ib,maxWith voltage rating Um,e.The calculation method of parameter is as follows:
A) capacity C of power batterybMainly determined by the continual mileage of electric car:
Wherein: S is continual mileage；E is unit distance consumption energy；Ub,eFor battery module rated operational voltage；
DOD is depth of discharge.
Wherein, the calculating of unit distance consumption energy e is as follows:
Wherein: ηmFor electric efficiency, veFor economic speed.
B) peak power can be reached according to motor and torque determines the maximum discharge current I of battery packb,maxWith specified electricity
Press Um,e, maximum discharge current Ib,maxWith voltage rating Um,eIt is related, battery maximum discharge current Ib,maxMeet following formula:
Wherein NmFor number of motors.
Several alternative batteries are selected from battery to be selected, the relevant parameter of alternative battery cannot be below above-mentioned want
It asks.After the completion of battery type selecting, it is determined for compliance with the parameter of all alternative batteries of requirement.
3) match the gear range of retarder: according to the formula in step 1), step 2), the transmission ratio i of retarder must
It must be not less than the transmission ratio i determined by motor peak speed and electric car max. speedmin, it is also necessary to no more than by motor peak
The transmission ratio i that running resistance when being worth the corresponding torque capacity of revolving speed point and electric car max. speed determinesmax1, it is also necessary to no
The transmission ratio i that running resistance when greater than by motor peak torque and electric car max. climb slope determinesmax2.The calculating of parameter
Method is as follows:
imin≤i≤min{imax1,imax2}
Wherein, TnmaxFor the corresponding torque capacity of motor peak speed point, calculate as follows:
Several alternative retarders are selected from retarder to be selected, the relevant parameter of alternative retarder cannot be below
State requirement.After the completion of matching, it is determined for compliance with the parameter of all alternative retarders of requirement.
Above-mentioned alternate motor, battery, retarder particular number can according to need and be determined, such as certain components are true
Determine model, then can only select the model.
4) dynamical system components (motor, the battery, retarder) parameter according to step 1), 2), 3) determined, combination are formed
Q kind spare power system matches scheme, the specific value of q can be determined according to number of combinations.
5) whole vehicle model of electric car is built in Cruise software, inputs every kind of spare power system matches scheme
Dynamical system components parameter, when obtaining the max. speed of electric car under every kind of scheme, hundred kilometers of acceleration by simulation calculation
Between, the performance parameters such as max. climb slope, NEDC state of cyclic operation continual mileage.Cruise software electric automobile whole performance simulation point
It is as shown in Figure 2 to analyse process.
6) on the basis of the electric car performance parameter obtained in step 5), the p objective functions for needing to optimize is determined, are needed
The objective function to be optimized can need to be adjusted, can also increase into the performance parameter that step 5) obtains according to producer
Originally, the objective function of economic performance etc..Using the excellent sequence solution of multiple-objection optimization, to q kind dynamical system matching scheme dynamic
Power performance, economy, cost etc. are comprehensively compared, and determine Optimum Matching scheme.
Specific step is as follows for the excellent sequence solution of multiple-objection optimization:
61) remember P={ 1,2 ..., p }, Q={ 1,2 ..., q }, fl(xi)(l∈P；I ∈ Q) indicate i-th kind of matching scheme
L objective functions, the mathematical model of Multiobjective Programming are as follows:
Minf (x)=(k1f1(x),k2f2(x) ..., kpfp(x))
Wherein:
62) excellent ordinal number is calculated:
WhereinFor the feasible solution x of first of targetiWith all other feasible solution xjExcellent ordinal number when (j ≠ i) compares；
63) excellent ordinal number weighted sum is taken
Wherein ωlFor the weighting coefficient of first of objective function, and meet
64) K is selectediThe maximum corresponding scheme of value is Optimum Matching scheme.
The above method is applied in specific embodiment below, so as to those skilled in the art can better understand that this hair
Bright effect.
Embodiment
The present embodiment uses dynamical system design method for optimization of matching proposed by the present invention, and matched design uses wheel motor
The Novel power system of distributed type four-wheel-driven electric car is driven by four wheel motors, the power of each wheel motor output
It can be transmitted to again wheel by a retarder, the arrangement form of the electric car is as shown in Figure 3.
Its whole-car parameters is kerb weight 1720kg, is fully loaded with quality 2050kg, radius of wheel 0.311m, frontal area
2.60m2, it is driven gross efficiency 95%, coefficient of air resistance 0.398, acceleration of gravity 9.8m/s2, economic speed 60km/h.
1) choice of electrical machine: being limited by corporate resources and cost, and the choice of electrical machine with symbol M 1 it has been determined that indicated, correlation
Parameter is motor maximum power 24kW, motor torque capacity 110Nm, motor maximum (top) speed 8000r/min, Rated motor revolving speed
3500r/min。
2) battery type selecting: battery indicates that B1 relevant parameter is voltage rating there are two types of selection with symbol B1, B2 respectively
325.6V, final discharging voltage 264V, maximum discharge current 249.6A, peak discharge current 240A, battery gross energy
124.8Ah, battery gross energy 40.64kWh；B2 relevant parameter is voltage rating 325.6V, final discharging voltage 264V, maximum are put
Electric current 371.2A, peak discharge current 240A, battery gross energy 185.6Ah, battery gross energy 60.44kWh.
3) it matches gear range: being calculated by preliminary physical equation, and in view of limitation is processed in the design of retarder,
The transmission ratio of retarder is between 6~7.5, it is thus determined that retarder transmission ratio has 6.0,6.5,7.0,7.5 4 kind of selection.
4) to sum up, it is as shown in the table to share 8 kinds of schemes for the dynamical system type selecting of the electric car:
5) Cruise software emulation: building the whole vehicle model of electric car in Cruise software, inputs under different schemes
The parameters such as motor, battery, retarder, simulation calculation obtains the max. speed (km/h) of 8 kinds of schemes, maximum ramp angle
The performances such as (%), 0-60km/h acceleration time (s), 60-100km/h acceleration time (s), continual mileage (km) are as shown in the table:
6) it the excellent sequence solution of multiple objective programming: in present case, in addition to considering the performance factors such as dynamic property, economic shape, also needs
Consider the manufacturing cost of vehicle: retarder cost is little by ratios affect；It is ginseng with current 200 dollars/kWh of industrial situation
It examines, determines that battery price is as shown in the table.
Therefore, it shares max. speed, maximum ramp angle, the 0-60km/h acceleration time, the 60-100km/h acceleration time, continue
Total 6 objective functions of mileage, battery cost are sailed, use f respectivelyl(x) (l=1,2 ..., 6) is indicated, the weighting of each objective function
Coefficient value is respectively 0.15,0.15,0.1,0.1,0.2,0.3.
Excellent ordinal number when each target function value and other project plan comparisons of eight kinds of matching schemes is checked in list, such as following table institute
Show.
According to calculated result, the excellent ordinal number weighted sum K of scheme M1B1R2iValue is up to 4, i.e. selection gross energy is
It is optimal case that battery (B1), the retarder transmission ratio of 40.64kWh, which takes 6.5 (R2),.According to enterprise to each performance parameter of vehicle and
The attention degree of cost takes different values to weighting coefficient, can obtain different optimum results.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to restrict the invention, for the skill of this field
For art personnel, the invention may be variously modified and varied.All within the spirits and principles of the present invention, made any to repair
Change, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of electric powered motor matching optimization method based on multiple objective programming, it is characterised in that the following steps are included:
1) type selecting, requirements of type selecting are as follows: according to the relationship of motor peak power and power performance, motor peak power are carried out to motor
PmaxOtherwise it is less than required power of motor P when electric car max. speedmax,v, max. climb slope when required power of motor Pmax,aWith
Power of motor P needed for acceleration timemax,t；According to the relationship of motor peak torque and power performance, motor peak torque TmaxIt is not small
Required motor torque T when electric car max. speedmax,v, max. climb slope when required motor torque Tmax,aAnd the acceleration time
Required motor torque Tmax,t；According to the relationship of motor peak speed and power performance, determine that the motor peak value under max. speed turns
Fast nmax；After the completion of choice of electrical machine, it is determined for compliance with the parameter of all alternate motors of requirement；
2) type selecting, requirements of type selecting are carried out to battery are as follows: according to output power of motor when driving at a constant speed and attainable maximum continuous
Sail the capacity C that mileage determines power batteryb；Peak power can be reached according to motor and torque determines that the maximum of battery pack discharges
Electric current Ib,maxWith voltage rating Um,e；After the completion of battery type selecting, it is determined for compliance with the parameter of all alternative batteries of requirement；
3) match the gear range of retarder: the transmission ratio i of retarder must not drop below by motor peak speed and electronic vapour
The transmission ratio i that vehicle max. speed determinesmin, it is also necessary to no more than by the corresponding torque capacity of motor peak speed point and electronic vapour
The transmission ratio i that running resistance when vehicle max. speed determinesmax1, it is also necessary to no more than by motor peak torque and electric car most
The transmission ratio i that running resistance when big climbable gradient determinesmax2；After the completion of matching, it is determined for compliance with all alternative retarders of requirement
Parameter；
4) the dynamical system components parameter according to step 1), 2), 3) determined, combination form q kind spare power system matches side
Case；
5) whole vehicle model of electric car is built in Cruise software, inputs the power of every kind of spare power system matches scheme
System parts parameter, the performance parameter of electric car under every kind of scheme is obtained by simulation calculation, and the performance parameter includes
Max. speed, hundred kilometers of acceleration time, max. climb slope, NEDC state of cyclic operation continual mileage；
6) on the basis of the electric car performance parameter obtained in step 5), the p objective functions for needing to optimize are determined, using more
The excellent sequence solution of objective optimization is comprehensively compared q kind dynamical system matching scheme, determines Optimum Matching scheme.
2. a kind of electric powered motor matching optimization method based on multiple objective programming according to claim 1, feature
It is in the step 1), the motor peak power Pmax, electric car max. speed when required power of motor Pmax,v, it is maximum
Required power of motor P when climbable gradientmax,a, power of motor P needed for the acceleration timemax,t, calculation formula is as follows:
Pmax≥max{Pmax,v,Pmax,a,Pmax,t}
Wherein vmaxFor max. speed, ηtFor power train gross efficiency, mtFor kerb weight, g is acceleration of gravity, and f is rolling resistance,
CDFor coefficient of air resistance, A is frontal area, viSpeed when climbing for maximum, M are fully loaded quality, αmaxFor maximum climbing
Angle, vtSpeed, δ correction coefficient of rotating mass, t are corresponded to for the acceleration timeaccFor 0-vtAcceleration time.
3. a kind of electric powered motor matching optimization method based on multiple objective programming according to claim 1, feature
It is in the step 1), the motor peak torque Tmax, electric car max. speed when required motor torque Tmax,v, it is maximum
Required motor torque T when climbable gradientmax,a, motor torque T needed for the acceleration timemax,t, calculation formula it is as follows:
Tmax≥max{Tmax,v,Tmax,a,Tmax,t}
Wherein i is transmission ratio, and r is vehicle wheel roll radius.
4. a kind of electric powered motor matching optimization method based on multiple objective programming according to claim 1, feature
It is in the step 1), the motor peak speed n under the max. speedmaxCalculation formula is as follows:
5. a kind of electric powered motor matching optimization method based on multiple objective programming according to claim 1, feature
It is in the step 2), the capacity C of the power batterybCalculation formula is as follows:
Wherein S is continual mileage, and e is unit distance consumption energy, Ub,eFor battery module rated operational voltage, DOD is that electric discharge is deep
Degree, ηmFor electric efficiency, veFor economic speed.
6. a kind of electric powered motor matching optimization method based on multiple objective programming according to claim 1, feature
It is in the step 2), the maximum discharge current Ib,maxCalculation formula is as follows:
Wherein NmFor number of motors.
7. a kind of electric powered motor matching optimization method based on multiple objective programming according to claim 1, feature
It is as follows to be that the transmission ratio i of retarder described in step 3) is calculated:
imin≤i≤min{imax1,imax2}
Wherein iminFor the transmission ratio determined by motor peak speed and electric car max. speed, imax1For by motor peak speed
The transmission ratio that running resistance when the corresponding torque capacity of point and electric car max. speed determines, imax2To be turned by motor peak value
The transmission ratio that running resistance when square and electric car max. climb slope determines, TnmaxFor the corresponding maximum of motor peak speed point
Torque.
8. a kind of electric powered motor matching optimization method based on multiple objective programming according to claim 1, feature
It is in the step 6), using the excellent sequence solution of multiple-objection optimization, q kind dynamical system matching scheme is comprehensively compared, really
Determine Optimum Matching scheme, specifically include following sub-step:
61) remember P={ 1,2 ..., p }, Q={ 1,2 ..., q }, fl(xi)(l∈P；I ∈ Q) indicate l of i-th kind of matching scheme
Objective function, the mathematical model of Multiobjective Programming are as follows:
Minf (x)=(k1f1(x),k2f2(x) ..., kpfp(x))
Wherein:
62) excellent ordinal number is calculated:
WhereinFor the feasible solution x of first of targetiWith all other feasible solution xjExcellent ordinal number when comparing；
63) excellent ordinal number weighted sum is taken
Wherein ωlFor the weighting coefficient of first of objective function, and meet
64) K is selectediThe maximum corresponding scheme of value is Optimum Matching scheme.
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