CN109024607A - Expand the device and method that head effect reinforces deep rock mass difference rupture zone using swelling agent - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and a method for reinforcing different fractured areas of deep rock mass by using expansion agent expansion effect, which includes deep rock mass, and there are different fractured rock mass areas and intact rock mass areas inside the deep rock mass; The interior of the broken rock mass area and the complete rock mass area is anchored with anchor rods, and the expansion cement slurry with different contents of expansion agent is poured inside the cracked rock mass areas of different depths or layers where the anchor rods are located to form anchors with different depths. , and then the bolt is anchored inside the deep rock mass; a cushion is arranged on the bolt and at the edge of the fractured rock mass area. The invention has the advantages of greatly shortening the length of the anchoring section, reducing the diameter of the drill hole, greatly improving the pullout resistance, saving construction cost, and saving construction period. It is mainly applicable to bridge and tunnel engineering, port wharf, slope engineering, mine construction, national defense engineering and other projects, and has extensive engineering practical significance and application prospects.

Description

A device for strengthening different fractured areas of deep rock mass by using expansion agent head expansion effect and methods

technical field

The present invention mainly relates to a new type of body-expanding anchoring technology, a method for reinforcing different rupture areas of deep rock mass by utilizing the head-expanding effect of expansion agent, which mainly belongs to the support field of deep high-in-situ stress surrounding rock, and is mainly applicable to bridge and tunnel projects, ports Wharf, slope engineering, mine construction, national defense engineering and other projects.

Background technique

With the rapid development of my country's economy, anchoring technology has been widely used in high-rise buildings, rail transit, bridge and tunnel engineering, urban underground transportation hubs, ports, high reservoir dams, slope engineering, mine construction, national defense engineering and other fields. The engineering community is facing large-scale, technically difficult and risky geotechnical engineering stability issues such as tunnels, underground caverns, shaft support, slope stability, deep foundation pits, structural anti-floating, and high-pressure water pipelines. Existing tunnel anchoring technology exists

The large deformation load of the surrounding rock makes it difficult to support the partitioned fractured surrounding rock, and the damage is serious. The anchorage section of the anchor bolt is too long (up to 6-12m), and the pullout resistance per unit anchor length is low. Non-linear deformation damage such as roof caving, side panels and floor drums, high repair rate, and increased support costs. And the construction cost is too high and the construction period is long. The new type of expansion anchoring technology is one of the best ways to ensure the safety, economy, efficiency and environmental protection of the above-mentioned engineering construction.

In view of the above problems, the present invention proposes a method for reinforcing different fractured areas of deep rock mass by using the expansion agent expansion effect in tunnel engineering. The difference in the form of the anchorage section, the traditional anchor bolt relies on the cohesive force and friction effect between the anchorage section and the surrounding soil to transmit the load, so the anchoring force depends on the length of the effective anchorage section; while the expansion expansion anchor mainly depends on the expansion The end pressure of the extruded body is loaded, and the anchoring force mainly depends on the bearing area of the end of the expanded extruded body, so the length of the expanded extruded body only needs to meet the requirements for effective compaction of the soil. length can be shortened. Moreover, this technology has the advantages of greatly shortening the length of the anchorage section, reducing the diameter of the drill hole, greatly improving the pullout resistance, saving construction costs, and saving construction periods.

Contents of the invention

The invention discloses a method for reinforcing different cracked areas of deep rock mass by utilizing the expanding head effect of expansion agent in tunnel engineering. Aiming at the broken areas of surrounding rocks with different depths in tunnel engineering, it is proposed to add a certain amount of expansion agent to cement slurry Using the self-expanding properties of the expansion agent, multiple expansion heads are formed in different depths of different stratified surrounding rock crushing areas, and a circular iron plate is installed at the bottom of the traditional anchor, which improves the traditional tension anchor into Pressure-type anchor rods, the use of expansion head and pressure-type anchor rods makes the traditional anchor rod rely on the cohesive force and friction effect between the anchorage section and the surrounding soil to transmit force and load. The new anchor rod mainly relies on expansion and expansion. The end pressure of the body is loaded, and the size of the anchoring force mainly depends on the bearing area of the end of the expansion expansion body. The length of the expansion expansion body proposed in this invention only needs to meet the requirements of being able to effectively compact the soil. The length of the anchoring section can be significantly shortened. The invention has the advantages of greatly shortening the length of the anchoring section, reducing the diameter of the drill hole, greatly improving the pullout resistance, saving construction cost, and saving construction period. It is mainly applicable to bridge and tunnel engineering, port wharf, slope engineering, mine construction, national defense engineering and other projects, and has extensive engineering practical significance and application prospects.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned technical characteristics, the purpose of the present invention is achieved in this way: the device for reinforcing different fractured areas of deep rock mass by utilizing the head expanding effect of the expansion agent includes a deep rock mass, and there are different fractures inside the deep rock mass A rock mass area and a complete rock mass area; the inside of the cracked rock mass area and the complete rock mass area are anchored with anchor rods, and the inside of the cracked rock mass areas of different depths or layers where the anchor rods are located is poured with expansion agents with different contents. The cement slurry is expanded to form anchor bodies of different depths, and then the anchor rod is anchored inside the deep rock mass; a cushion layer is arranged on the anchor rod and at the edge of the fractured rock mass area.

The integrity of the complete rock mass area is very good, with few cracks and dense connections; the cracked rock mass area is formed by the accumulation of cracked rocks, with large gaps, and the cracked rocks can be shifted and fit together, and there is a certain degree of compression sex.

The fractured rock mass area and the complete rock mass area are layered and interlaced at different depths inside the deep rock mass.

The anchors of different depths include a first layer of head expansion agent anchor formed in the first layer of fractured rock mass area and a second layer of head expansion expansion agent anchor formed in the second layer of fractured rock mass area.

A perforated circular iron plate is set on the anchor rod, and the perforated circular iron plate is fixed on the bottom end of the anchor rod by a washer and a nut.

The anchor rod is a steel anchor rod with certain flexibility and strength, which is firmly connected with the disc.

Ordinary cement mortar is poured outside the hole where the anchor rod is located, and a certain amount of expansion agent is added to the ordinary cement mortar, and the content range of the expansion agent is below 40%.

The cushion layer is made of circular flexible rubber material, and the central part is processed with a hole with the same diameter as the steel bar, so as to separate the ordinary cement slurry and the expanded cement slurry.

Any method for reinforcing different fractured areas of deep rock mass by utilizing the expansion agent head expansion effect is characterized in that it includes the following steps:

Step1: Material preparation: ordinary cement mortar, expansion agent, anchor cable, anchor rod, acoustic wave detector;

Step2: Use a sound wave detector to detect: Use a sound wave detector to accurately locate the location, quantity and scope of the rupture area. The measured sound velocity is 4000m/s-6000m/s as a complete rock mass area, and the sound velocity is lower than 4000m/s. Rock mass area;

Step3: Drilling: Use a drilling machine to drill holes of corresponding size according to the divided area;

Step4: Configure water: cement: sand: expansion agent according to a certain mix ratio, and expand the cement mortar with a ratio of a: b: c: d, and prepare a certain proportion of ordinary cement slurry;

Step5: Assemble the anchor rod: Tighten one end of the anchor cable with a nut, add a gasket, then thread the anchor rod through the small hole in the middle of the disc, add a gasket on the opposite side of the disc, and tighten it with a nut , using two nuts to tightly connect and fix the anchor cable and the disc.

Step6: grouting;

Step7: Carry out maintenance on the poured slurry. After the maintenance is completed, use the expansion expansion head and the tension anchor to form a multi-layer expansion expansion anchor in the fracture zone at different depths, and compact the surrounding rock through radial expansion expansion. Relying on the end pressure action of the expansion extruded body to increase the pullout resistance of the anchor rod.

The specific operation process of Step 6 is as follows: After inserting the anchor rod into the hole, use pressure grouting to pour expansion cement mortar with an expansion agent content of a in the first layered area of the cracked rock mass area, so that the expansion cement slurry enters the cracked rock mass area. After the first expansion anchorage section is poured, the cushion layer is laid; in the complete rockmass area next to the first layer of rupture area, it is poured by pressure grouting equipment Ordinary cement mortar, and then lay gaskets, and pour expansion cement mortar with expansion agent content b in the second cracked delamination area above the complete rock mass area to form the second layer of head expansion expansion agent anchoring body, expand the expansion agent in the second layer Common cement slurry is poured on the first expansion agent anchor body to form a complete anchor body.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the beneficial effects of:

1. The present invention innovatively proposes that the expansion agent be used in the rock bolt engineering, aiming at the surrounding rock crushing areas of different depths in the tunnel engineering, using the self-expansion property of the expansion agent to form in the different layered surrounding rock crushing areas of different depths Expanding the head multiple times improves the traditional tension anchor to a pressure anchor. Using the expansion head and pressure anchor makes the traditional anchor rely on the bonding force and friction effect between the anchorage section and the surrounding soil to transmit the force load The working principle of the new type of anchor rod is mainly carried by the end pressure of the expansion extruded body, and the anchoring force mainly depends on the bearing area of the end of the expanded extruded body.

2. This technology is an upgrade of the traditional bolt technology, which not only retains the advantages of the original technology, but also improves its shortcomings, and improves the reliability and safety of the technology.

3. The new type of expansion bolt proposed by this invention can effectively avoid the hidden danger of corrosion caused by tensile cracking of the tension anchor, can effectively center the expansion section of the bolt, increase the thickness of the protective layer, and effectively resist corrosion The corrosion of steel bars by groundwater and soil ensures the durability of the anchor structure.

4. The new multi-layer head-expanding bolt proposed by the present invention can produce expansion, compression and compaction of the surrounding rock, which can improve the bearing performance of the surrounding rock, significantly increase the bearing capacity of the bolt, and thus save 10-15% of the project cost.

5. This invention utilizes the characteristics of large-volume expansive cement to form multiple expansion heads for the entire anchor cable, which improves the overall pull-out resistance and effectively solves the fluidity of crushed stones in the fracture area and the misalignment of surrounding rocks. , the friction between the rocks increases, which improves the overall strength and self-supporting force of the rock.

6. Expansion extruded cement mortar has high strength, good water resistance, not only durable but also cost-effective, low cost, good durability, economical and practical.

7. The invention has the advantages of greatly shortening the length of the anchorage section, reducing the diameter of the borehole, greatly improving the pullout resistance, saving construction costs, and saving construction periods. It is mainly suitable for bridge and tunnel engineering, slope engineering and other projects, and has extensive applications. Engineering practice significance and application prospect.

Description of drawings

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and embodiments.

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic detailed view of the anchor rod structure involved in the present invention.

In the figure, deep rock mass 1, fractured rock mass 2, complete rock mass area 3, cushion layer 4, ordinary cement mortar 5, ordinary mortar anchorage section 6, first layer expansion agent anchor body 7, second layer expansion head Expansion agent anchor body 8, anchor rod 9, circular iron plate 10, nut 11, gasket 12.

Detailed ways

Embodiments of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Example 1:

Referring to Fig. 1-2, the device for reinforcing different fractured areas of deep rock mass by using expansion agent expansion effect, it includes deep rock mass 1, and there are different fractured rock mass areas 2 and intact rock mass inside said deep rock mass 1 Zone 3; the inside of the cracked rock mass zone 2 and the complete rock mass zone 3 are anchored with bolts 9, and the different depths or layers of the cracked rock mass zone 2 where the bolt 9 is located are filled with expansion agents with different contents. The cement slurry forms anchor bodies of different depths, and then anchors the anchor rod 9 inside the deep rock mass 1; a cushion layer 4 is arranged on the anchor rod 9 and at the edge of the fractured rock mass area 2. By adopting the reinforcement device of the above structure, in the construction process, by forming anchor bodies of different depths in the fractured rock mass area 2, and then reinforcing the bolt 9 type, the expansion head and pressure type anchor are used to make the traditional anchor The rod relies on the cohesive force and friction effect between the anchorage segment and the surrounding soil to transmit the force load. The invention has the advantages of greatly shortening the length of the anchoring section, reducing the diameter of the drill hole, greatly improving the pullout resistance, saving construction cost, and saving construction period.

Further, the integrity of the complete rock mass area 3 is very good, with few cracks and dense connections; the cracked rock mass area 2 is formed by the accumulation of cracked rocks, with large gaps, and the cracked rocks can be moved and fitted together. , has a certain compressibility. It is the main reason affecting the stability of surrounding rock caverns, and expansion cement slurry can be used for support in this section.

Further, the fractured rock mass area 2 and the intact rock mass area 3 are layered and interlaced at different depths inside the deep rock mass 1 . The detector can be divided into fractured rock mass area and intact rock mass area.

Further, the anchors of different depths include the first layer of head expansion expansion agent anchoring body 7 formed in the first layer of fractured rock mass area and the second layer of head expansion expansion agent anchoring body formed in the second layer of fractured rock mass area Body 8. Anchor bolts are driven into fractured rock mass areas that are layered and staggered at different depths, and expansion agent cement slurry with different contents of expansion agent is poured in each layer for reinforcement. The purpose is to form different fractured rock mass areas in different layers. The expanded head anchor body forms multiple expanded heads, which can greatly shorten the length of the anchorage section and the unit pull-out force.

Further, the anchor rod 9 is covered with a perforated circular iron plate 10 , and the perforated circular iron plate 10 is fixed on the bottom end of the anchor rod 9 through a washer 12 and a nut 11 .

Further, the anchor rod 9 is made of a steel anchor rod with certain flexibility and strength, and the connection with the disk is firm. Make the whole anchor body have strong shear resistance.

Further, ordinary cement mortar 5 is poured outside the hole where the anchor rod 9 is located, and a certain amount of expansion agent is added to the ordinary cement mortar 5, and the content range of the expansion agent is below 40%. Configure water: cement: sand: expansion cement mortar with expansion agent a: b: c: d according to the appropriate mix ratio.

Further, the cushion layer 4 is made of circular flexible rubber material, and the central part is processed with a hole with the same diameter as the steel bar, so as to separate the ordinary cement slurry 5 and the expanded cement slurry.

Example 2:

Any method for reinforcing different fractured areas of deep rock mass by using expansion agent head expansion effect, is characterized in that it includes the following steps:

Step1: Material preparation: ordinary cement mortar, expansion agent, anchor cable, anchor rod, acoustic wave detector;

Step2: Use a sound wave detector to detect: Use a sound wave detector to accurately locate the location, quantity and scope of the rupture area. The measured sound velocity is 4000m/s-6000m/s as a complete rock mass area, and the sound velocity is lower than 4000m/s. Rock mass area;

Step3: Drilling: Use a drilling machine to drill holes of corresponding size according to the divided area;

Step4: Configure water: cement: sand: expansion agent according to a certain mix ratio, and expand the cement mortar with a ratio of a: b: c: d, and prepare a certain proportion of ordinary cement slurry;

Step5: Assemble the anchor rod: Tighten one end of the anchor cable with a nut, add a gasket, then thread the anchor rod through the small hole in the middle of the disc, add a gasket on the opposite side of the disc, and tighten it with a nut , using two nuts to tightly connect and fix the anchor cable and the disc.

Step6: grouting;

Step7: Carry out maintenance on the poured slurry. After the maintenance is completed, use the expansion expansion head and the tension anchor to form a multi-layer expansion expansion anchor in the fracture zone at different depths, and compact the surrounding rock through radial expansion expansion. Relying on the end pressure action of the expansion extruded body to increase the pullout resistance of the anchor rod.

The specific operation process of Step 6 is, after the anchor rod 9 is inserted into the hole, the expansion cement mortar with an expansion agent content of a is poured in the first layered area of the fractured rock mass area 2 by pressure grouting, so that the expansion cement slurry enters Crack the gap in the rock mass 2, consolidate the rock, and form the first layer of expansion agent anchor 7, and lay the cushion layer 4 after the pouring of the first expansion anchorage section is completed; Common cement mortar 5 is poured by pressure grouting equipment, and then gasket 11 is laid, and in the second cracked delamination area on the upper part of the complete rock mass area 3, expansive cement mortar with an expansion agent content of b is poured to form the second layer of head expansion An anchoring body 8 is poured on the second layer of expansion agent anchoring body 8 to seal with common cement slurry to form a complete anchoring body.

The obtained data is sorted out to obtain an analysis table of the internal damage changes of the rock sample reflected in the loading and unloading process.

The above-mentioned embodiments are used to illustrate the present invention, rather than to limit the present invention. Within the spirit of the present invention and the protection scope of the claims, any modification and change made to the present invention will fall into the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A device for reinforcing different fractured areas of deep rock mass by using expansion agent expansion effect, characterized in that it includes deep rock mass (1), and there are different fractured rock mass areas inside the deep rock mass (1) ( 2) and the complete rock mass area (3); the inside of the fractured rock mass area (2) and the complete rock mass area (3) are anchored with anchor rods (9), and the anchor rods (9) are located at different depths or The layered fractured rock mass area (2) is poured with expansive cement slurry with different contents of expansion agent to form anchors of different depths, and then the anchor rod (9) is anchored inside the deep rock mass (1); the anchor rod ( 9) A cushion (4) is provided on and at the edge of the fractured rock mass area (2). 2. The device for reinforcing different fractured areas of deep rock mass by using expansion agent expansion effect according to claim 1, characterized in that: the integrity of the complete rock mass area (3) is very good, there are few cracks, and the connection Dense; the fractured rock mass area (2) is formed by the accumulation of fractured rocks, with large gaps, and the fractured rocks can be shifted and fit together, and have certain compressibility. 3. The device according to claim 1 or 2, which utilizes expansion agent expansion effect to reinforce different fractured areas of deep rock mass, characterized in that: the fractured rock mass area (2) and the intact rock mass area (3) In the deep rock mass (1), there are layers of different depths and interlaced distribution. 4. The device for reinforcing different fractured areas of deep rock mass by using expansion agent expansion effect according to claim 1, characterized in that: said anchors of different depths include the first layer formed in the fractured rock mass area of the first layer. A layer of head expansion expansion agent anchor (7) and a second layer of head expansion expansion agent anchor (8) formed in the fractured rock mass area of the second layer. 5. The device for reinforcing different fractured areas of deep rock mass by using expansion agent head expansion effect according to claim 1, characterized in that: the anchor rod (9) is covered with a perforated circular iron plate (10) , the perforated circular iron plate (10) is fixed on the bottom end of the anchor rod (9) through a washer (12) and a nut (11). 6. The device for reinforcing different fractured areas of deep rock mass by using expansion agent head expansion effect according to claim 5, characterized in that: the anchor rod (9) adopts a steel anchor rod with certain flexibility and strong strength , firmly connected with the disc. 7. The device for reinforcing different fractured areas of deep rock mass by utilizing the head-expanding effect of the expansion agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: ordinary cement mortar (5) is poured outside the hole where the anchor rod (9) is located , adding a certain amount of expansion agent into the ordinary cement mortar (5), and the content range of the expansion agent is below 40%. 8. The device for reinforcing different fractured areas of deep rock mass by using expansion agent expansion effect according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cushion layer (4) is made of circular flexible rubber material, and the central part is processed with Holes with the same diameter of steel bars, thereby separating ordinary cement slurry (5) and expanded cement slurry. 9. any one of claims 1-8 utilizes the expansion agent expansion head effect to carry out the method for reinforcing different fracture zones of deep rock mass, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps: Step1: Material preparation: ordinary cement mortar, expansion agent, anchor cable, anchor rod, acoustic wave detector; Step2: Use a sound wave detector to detect: Use a sound wave detector to accurately locate the location, quantity and scope of the rupture area. The measured sound velocity is 4000m/s-6000m/s as a complete rock mass area, and the sound velocity is lower than 4000m/s. Rock mass area; Step3: Drilling: Use a drilling machine to drill holes of corresponding size according to the divided area; Step4: Configure water: cement: sand: expansion agent according to a certain mix ratio, and expand the cement mortar with a ratio of a: b: c: d, and prepare a certain proportion of ordinary cement slurry; Step5: Assemble the anchor rod: Tighten one end of the anchor cable with a nut, add a gasket, then thread the anchor rod through the small hole in the middle of the disc, add a gasket on the opposite side of the disc, and tighten it with a nut , use two nuts to tightly connect and fix the anchor cable and the disc; Step6: grouting; Step7: Carry out maintenance on the poured slurry. After the maintenance is completed, use the expansion expansion head and the tension anchor to form a multi-layer expansion expansion anchor in the fracture zone at different depths, and compact the surrounding rock through radial expansion expansion. Relying on the end pressure action of the expansion extruded body to increase the pullout resistance of the anchor rod. 10. According to claim 9, the method for reinforcing different fractured areas of deep rock mass by utilizing the head-expanding effect of the expansion agent is characterized in that: the specific operation process of Step 6 is that after inserting the bolt (9) into the hole, Use pressure grouting to pour expansive cement mortar with an expansion agent content of a in the first layered area of the cracked rock mass area (2), so that the expanded cement slurry enters the gaps in the cracked rock mass (2), consolidates the rock, and forms the first layer Head expansion expansion agent anchor (7), after the first expansion anchoring section is poured, the cushion layer (4) is laid; in the complete rock mass area (3) immediately following the first cracked area, ordinary cement is poured by pressure grouting equipment Mortar (5), and then lay gaskets (11), pour expansion cement mortar with expansion agent content b in the second cracked layered area on the upper part of the complete rock mass area (3), to form the second layer of expansion agent anchoring body (8), pour ordinary cement slurry on the second layer of expansion agent anchor body (8) to form a complete anchor body.