CN109024476A - Base self collapsing levee dam geotechnique's woven fabric very floodway is washed in a pan in cross flow - Google Patents

Base self collapsing levee dam geotechnique's woven fabric very floodway is washed in a pan in cross flow Download PDF

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CN109024476A
CN109024476A CN201810944216.1A CN201810944216A CN109024476A CN 109024476 A CN109024476 A CN 109024476A CN 201810944216 A CN201810944216 A CN 201810944216A CN 109024476 A CN109024476 A CN 109024476A
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dam
dams
dykes
woven fabric
levee
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叶兴
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/10—Dams; Dykes; Sluice ways or other structures for dykes, dams, or the like
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B8/00—Details of barrages or weirs ; Energy dissipating devices carried by lock or dry-dock gates
    • E02B8/06—Spillways; Devices for dissipation of energy, e.g. for reducing eddies also for lock or dry-dock gates
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
    • Y02A10/11—Hard structures, e.g. dams, dykes or breakwaters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
    • Y02A10/30—Flood prevention; Flood or storm water management, e.g. using flood barriers

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

Base self collapsing levee dam geotechnique's woven fabric very floodway is washed in a pan in cross flow, the national defence that the hydraulic engineering and dykes and dams reply water for belonging to emergency spillway engineering are attacked.The present invention it specifically include that by cross flow wash in a pan Ji Zikuidiba prevent and reduce natural disasters design theory design cross flow wash in a pan Ji Zikuidiba；It includes that base self collapsing levee dam is washed in a pan in cross flow, cross flow washes in a pan base and draws and rush self collapsing levee dam that Ji Zikuidiba (1) is washed in a pan in cross flow；The geotechnological woven fabric mask of geotechnological woven fabric very floodway (2) is including geotechnological woven fabric fish scale shape mask (II-a), geotechnological woven fabric threading without squama mask (II-b), concrete slab first geotechnique's woven fabric threading without squama mask (II-c), chemical fibre netting loose stone first geotechnique's woven fabric threading fish scale mask (II-d), L shape geotechnique's woven fabric threading geotechnique's woven fabric fish scale shape mask (II-e).The present invention is suitable for that reservoir auxiliary dam, key dam, higher dyke, higher ditch head dam across a river be controllable, automatic very flood diversion, and structure it is simple, it is easy to implement, cheap, safe and reliable, do not take up an area permanently.

Description

Base self collapsing levee dam geotechnique's woven fabric very floodway is washed in a pan in cross flow
Technical field
The invention belongs to dykes and dams very flood diversion hydraulic engineering technical fields, also belong to the defense technology field that reply water is attacked, Ji Zikuidiba and geotechnological woven fabric very floodway design method are washed in a pan more particularly to cross flow.
Background technique
Japanese 75 western Japan heavy rains in 2018, Cangfu city very breaches a dyke for one river of raised path between farm fields；No. 10 typhoon " lion in 2016 Sub- mountain " heavy rain causes Hokkaido, Japan and the Northeast to breach a dyke；On September 11 days 10,2015 successive two this generations of river floods Unrestrained dike bursts, and 20 centimetres of dykes and dams that 10 years one 4 meters high for meeting standard of flood are crossed after eagre inrush.It inrushes and not only makes It is lost at fortune, due to the uncertainty of flood, is also withdrawn to local government's tissue and bring problem, also cause personnel's wound It dies, economically developed Japan inrushes year after year, this is the problem that global technical problem is also national governments' flood prevention management. The dyke of China's substandard, silt arrester, check dam, head-work, the water crossing damaged or destroyed by flood of canal system slope are also technical problem；Boundary river It is problem with trans-boundary water flood diversion；Do not have and builds the medium or smallsized river of detention basin how flood diversion is problem；Sluice management is divided to support Shield maintenance, the single flood releasing structure contingency of reservoir are problems；The plastic garbages such as medical treatment, the utilization of old chemical fibre clothes are problems.
The dike of numerous low water heads is solved using the method for emerging et al. the self collapsing levee dam geosynthetics very floodway of leaf Dam breaking problem.Due to there is no self collapsing levee dam design theory, become the obstacle of popularization and application.Self collapsing levee dam is ancient in China and has It, ancient times Dujiang weir just uses blown sand weir, can be found everywhere as Japanese dyke overflows 20 centimetres of cases just burst of water, this explanation is burst certainly Dykes and dams have feasibility, but also have self collapsing levee dam not burst in time the case for causing key dam to overflow dam, the state since the fifties Inside and outside to furnish a huge amount of money for carry out the self collapsing levee dam design theory that experimental study is not built consensus, it is pendent as 60 years Worldwide theoretical puzzle.Self bursting dam is introduced into Design of Reservoirs in modern American people, nineteen fifty-nine E.RoyTinney is " from weir of bursting Performance of flushing " in text, introduce prototype and model investigation, self bursting dam systematic Study opened, because self bursting dam is overproof Flood enables that probability is small, low cost, automatic opening, advantage convenient for management, and countries in the world is caused to furnish a huge amount of money for follow up immediately Research.The F Sai Tuerke of Turkey in 1978 points out that " hard surface anti-impact makes self bursting dam in " a kind of novel spillway " It is difficult to the problem of bursting, is solved using jet-bedding is drawn ".Zhang Kejian is in " Zhejiang reservoir spillway building overview and related waterpower knowledge Topic " in point out that " after 75.8 flood of Henan China, planning and design institute of Ministry of Water Resources and Power Industry organizes the provinces such as Henan, Liaoning, Zhejiang, Anhui to have The experimental study that design R&D institution carries out self bursting dam is closed, not only live prototype or large scale model test cost are very big, and The dam body that testing data also can only explain under this kind of dam type and this kind of experimental condition washes away situation, can not design and mention for self bursting dam For generally can provide the analysis calculation method of application and just once occurred in small-sized hilly pond reservoir because the temporary adhesive low bank of earth between fields not by and When destroy by rush of water and cause inundating the dam by flood." emphasis of China's research is also to draw jet-bedding and draw washing pipe, the disadvantage is that testing expenses are high and draw Jet-bedding scale, the design of spacing need test determine, not can guarantee in face of uncertain flood draw in time it is routed, draw jet-bedding maintenance pipe Reason is also problem.Guo Jun draws in recommending Swedish patent " the certainly routed weir of the novel flood control water blocking formula of Hydroplus-one kind " With inventor " the long-term consolidation of self bursting dam is allowed to be difficult in flood period by the problem of destroying by rush of water ", using the concrete anti-seepage to topple automatically Wall solves the problems, such as consolidated clay, and because can precisely quantify the condition of bursting, more than ten of country is used, but the requirement of its dissipation and scouring It is high, cost is high and topples and will cause disaster of surging greatly very much from bursting.Pang Min points out " geotechnique " formula emergency spillway is designed from bursting " Film self collapsing levee dam breaking is fast ", it can protect to stay without reference to geomembrane and swim the problem of dam body retardance is washed away." Chinese rivers flood control Book series-Haihe River volume " using self collapsing levee dam, there is the shortcomings that being unable to control because self collapsing levee is anti-in Haihe River, and it is alternative side with human-generated explosives Case.There is presently no the design theories that self collapsing levee is prevented, generally general is human-generated explosives flood diversion method, and advantage can overcome consolidation Clay, hard surface are uncertain, once the management of disadvantage flood season and explosive management require, high, explosion flood diversion is out of control.Dykes and dams burst It is very universal, without the feasible self collapsing levee dam design theory with common recognition, just there is no a complete set technology, the reason of be present self bursting dam Design theory is to quantify to reach standard of flood as defined in specification, i.e., self bursting dam, which starts to start to reservoir level, rises to standard water The time of position and self bursting dam time of bursting coincide, and various dams are from bursting that phenomenon mechanism is all very complicated can solve without mathematical model at present； At present by research technique, only draw that jet-bedding self bursting dam is big to have similitude than ruler bulk testing, draws three face consolidated clays of jet-bedding Statically indeterminate structure complicate the issue, while test can't resolve the uncertainty, unlimitedness and consolidated clay of flood and hard Changing road surface causes from the uncertain problem burst, and current all self bursting dams by experimental design must be rare dilute chance flood Water is hardly obtained the verifying of practice；A large amount of middle-size and small-size dams for being limited by economic technology condition, head-work, dyke, canal system are built Object, cofferdam are built, specification can only allow super standard flood damaged or destroyed by flood.
Super standard flood of the invention further includes flood caused by attacking more than administrative standard and war water, and floodway includes water Library spillway, emergency spillway, head-work flood-diversion sluice and dyke flood-diversion sluice, dykes and dams include reservoir dam and river and lake dyke, soil Geosynthetics include geotechnological plate, bamboo wound composite plate, composite geo-membrane, waterproof geotechnological woven fabric, colour bar cloth, non-woven fabrics Add colour bar cloth, geomembrane cloth includes geomembrane, plastic film, the waterproof geotechnological woven fabric of software.
In conclusion establish self collapsing levee dam design theory and complete set technology to be related to Homeland Security in the urgent need to address Theoretical and technical problem.
According to " the blown sands mechanism " on blown sands weir, leaf emerging et al. rock-fill dams damaged or destroyed by flood mathematical model and origin cause of formation Dynamic Coupling are utilized The method of evolution and 1978 Nian Zhesheng water conservancy and hydropower Science Institutes etc. " report of South Mountain reservoir self bursting dam experimental stage " data, builds Vertical dykes and dams burst mechanism, and the dykes and dams for recycling leaf emerging are prevented and reduced natural disasters the method for design theory, establish self collapsing levee dam and prevent and reduce natural disasters and set Meter theory and complete set technology provide a kind of method to solve pendent global problem.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention: being prevented and reduced natural disasters design theory using the unrestrained water dykes and dams mechanism building self collapsing levee dam that bursts, crack from The dam that inrushes does not have the global problem of Quantitative design theory, by overflow water dykes and dams burst mechanism invention be suitable for any head at It covers cross flow and washes in a pan base self collapsing levee dam structure, construct complete cross flow by dykes and dams design theory of preventing and reducing natural disasters and wash in a pan base self collapsing levee dam formula geotechnique It is included in the specification with intellectual property and provided fundamental basis and technical support by woven fabric very floodway, above to solve Problem provides a kind of new method, realizes the target for ensuring Homeland Security.
Cross flow of the present invention is washed in a pan Ji Zikuidiba and is independent of each other with geotechnological woven fabric very floodway, and base self collapsing levee is washed in a pan in cross flow Dam apply also for geotechnological plate, non-woven fabrics, colour bar cloth, stone masonry, concrete structure very floodway, geotechnological woven fabric very floodway is also Draw suitable for geotechnological plate self collapsing levee dam, geomembrane cloth self collapsing levee dam, cross flow confluence and rushes self collapsing levee dam.Base self collapsing levee dam soil is washed in a pan in cross flow Work woven fabric very floodway be suitable for any rivers, lake, canal system, dyke any head emergency spillway.
In order to achieve the above object, core technology of the present invention is that Ji Zikuidiba and geotechnological woven fabric very floodway two are washed in a pan in cross flow It covers independent structure and self collapsing levee dam mutually to prevent and reduce natural disasters design theory, theory is the target of structure, structural support theory.
Above-mentioned purpose is realized by following technical scheme: base self collapsing levee dam geotechnique's woven fabric very floodway is washed in a pan in cross flow, Design theory of the naughty Ji Zikuidiba of foundation cross flow preventing and reducing natural disasters designs cross flow and washes in a pan Ji Zikuidiba, and foundation super standard flood dykes and dams are prevented Calamity mitigation Theoretical Design geotechnique woven fabric very floodway, cross flow wash in a pan base self collapsing levee dam bottom and connect geotechnological woven fabric very floodway, Geotechnological woven fabric very floodway two sides connect dykes and dams bank, and floating body netting trash rack is arranged in geotechnological woven fabric very floodway upstream；It is super Standard flood dykes and dams are prevented and reduced natural disasters theory, it is to ruin mechanism according to flood discharge beach water in field and target of preventing and reducing natural disasters determines that geotechnological woven fabric is non- The structure type and scale of normal floodway are overflow using the theory of preventing and reducing natural disasters for dispersing flood diversion, decentralized storage of water is attacked as reply war water The naughty base self collapsing levee dam geotechnique's woven fabric very floodway of stream washes in a pan base self collapsing levee dam cross flow elevation by cross flow and is divided into the naughty base of single-stage cross flow certainly Base self collapsing levee dam geotechnique's woven fabric very floodway is washed in a pan in the dam geotechnique's woven fabric that inrushes very floodway, multistage cross flow, and base is washed in a pan in multistage cross flow Geotechnique's woven fabric very floodway in self collapsing levee dam is that have two or more depth displacements for differential diSelf collapsing levee dam floodway, it wrap Multistage separation levee slope self collapsing levee dam very floodway, multistage staggered floor separation levee self collapsing levee dam very floodway, multistage staggered floor side is included to expand Self collapsing levee dam very floodway, multistage staggered floor lamination self collapsing levee dam very floodway, multistage separation levee slope self collapsing levee dam divide very much Big vast road, by taking 3 hole, 2 grades of separation levee slopes self collapsing levee dam geotechnique's woven fabric very floodway as an example, it include 1 grade of geosynthetics every Dike, geotechnological woven fabric slope protection successively separate slope connection 1 grade of slope self collapsing levee dam, 2 grades of slopes self collapsing levee dam, 1 grade of self collapsing levee dam, 2 Grade self collapsing levee dam, dykes and dams height difference be followed successively by 1 grade of differential d1, 2 grades of differential d2；Multistage staggered floor separation levee self collapsing levee dam very floodway, It is the very floodway that separation levee separates staggered floor self collapsing levee dam；Self collapsing levee dam very floodway is expanded in multistage staggered floor side, it is step by step The very floodway burst certainly to two sides extension；Multistage staggered floor lamination self collapsing levee dam very floodway, it is step by step to downward extension From routed very floodway.
For the mesh more than further realizing, cross flow washes in a pan Ji Zikuidiba and prevents and reduces natural disasters design theory, it is according to dykes and dams Mechanism of bursting washes in a pan the structure type of Ji Zikuidiba with target design cross flow of preventing and reducing natural disasters, and Ji Zikuidiba is washed in a pan in Quantitative design cross flow Base self collapsing levee dam zoning is washed in a pan in differential, cross flow, and self collapsing levee dam is prevented and reduced natural disasters design theory, it is the mechanism and anti-of bursting according to dykes and dams The structure type on calamity mitigation target design self collapsing levee dam, Quantitative design self collapsing levee dam is differential, self collapsing levee dam zoning；Unrestrained water dykes and dams Burst mechanism, it is that unrestrained water dykes and dams cross flow rate is more than that erosion damage will occur for soil body anti-impact flow velocity dykes and dams, and it is unrestrained to overflow water dykes and dams Stream erosion damage causes unrestrained water dykes and dams geometry to change, and unrestrained water dykes and dams geometry, which changes, causes unrestrained water dykes and dams flow-shape Change, it is further exacerbated by erosion damage, and the change of unrestrained water dykes and dams flow-shape necessarily passes the critical erosion damage of various fixations Weir headwater depth, unrestrained water dykes and dams geometry change cause seepage through soil mass and stress changes, and seepage through soil mass and stress are more than the soil body Permissive permeability gradient, shearing strength, tensile strength will cause various unrestrained water dykes and dams burst be broken to because coupling destroy dynamic Evolution forms unrestrained water dykes and dams erosion damage and bursts to dykes and dams, then the differentiation stable to dykes and dams crevasse；Critical dykes and dams headcut scour is broken Bad weir headwater depth HdIf wider dykes and dams top is channel flow using formula (1), formula (2) simultaneous solution HdIf dykes and dams top is weir flow Using formula (2), formula (3) simultaneous solution Hd, critical dykes and dams top incision erosion damage weir headwater depth Hu, using (4), (5) simultaneous solution Hu, critical not erosion damage weir headwater depth Hn, using (6), (7) simultaneous solution Hn, differential diUsing formula (8), cross flow washes in a pan base certainly Dam zoning inrush using formula (9), (10), (11), uses non-uniform flow to inquire into slope foot flow velocity if dykes and dams are shorter,
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11)
In formula: hi、vi、hi+1、vi+1- respectively represent the dykes and dams top stream upstream and downstream section depth of water (m) of section, flow velocity (m/s), in it is initial hi+1Using critical depth of water hk；△l,il- respectively represent dykes and dams top stream segment length (m), dykes and dams top Parallel to the flow direction longitudinal slope； J— Represent the average hydraulic gradient on dykes and dams top；Vd- represent slope surface initial velocity in downstream at the dykes and dams level of tail water；N, R, i-generation respectively Table dykes and dams downstream slope surface roughness, hydraulic radius (m), longitudinal slope；Q, ε, m, σ, B-respectively represent dykes and dams top flow (m3/ s), side receive Contracting coefficient, discharge coefficient, to flood coefficient, cross flow wide (m)；G-represents acceleration of gravity (m/s2)；α-represents velocity flow profile system Number；v0- represent velocity of approach (m/s)； Vu- represent dykes and dams top parting hard surface, sandstone dam body, dykes and dams clay cut-off wall Dynamic flow velocity (m/s)；Vn- represent dykes and dams clay cut-off wall or sandstone dam body non-scouring velocity (m/s)； di- i-stage is differential, m； Hd- critical dykes and dams headcut scour destroys weir headwater depth, m；Ai- water level rise rate and dykes and dams burst speed and engineering order because The self collapsing levee dams or self collapsing levee dam at different levels of element and dike dam heightening；He- represent and draw punching pin dykes and dams height, m；Hu- represent critical dykes and dams Push up incision erosion damage weir headwater depth, m；As- represent sub- dam heightening, m；β-mother's sandstone dyke (dam) and the easy sand surfing of female non-sticky The inclination angle in stone earth embankment dam area upstream and downstream line of demarcation,；The easy sand surfing stone earth embankment dam internal friction angle of φ-mother's non-sticky,；T-mother's sandstone Dyke (dam) and the easy sand surfing stone earth embankment dam area horizontal dividing lines of female non-sticky female sandstone dyke (dam) scour hole depth below, m；K-punching Cheat coefficient；The critical dykes and dams headcut scour of q-destroys discharge per unit width, m3/s.m；Z-water levels of upstream and downstream is poor, m；ht- downstream water depth, m；Unrestrained water dykes and dams burst be broken to because coupling destroy dynamical evolution, be typical case, cross flow dykes and dams downstream slope with unrestrained water Clay Microstructure It is open channel uniform flow erosion damage that erosion damage, which takes place, is that unrestrained water dykes and dams downstream sandy soil slope headcut scour destroys starting at this time Stage；And then develop into straight line landslide destruction, down stream erosion damage, road surface down stream erosion damage, Clay Microstructure cantilever down stream, circle Arc landslide is destroyed, the unrestrained water dykes and dams crevasse initial phase of fall damage；And then develop under unrestrained water dykes and dams Clay Microstructure generation The unrestrained water dykes and dams for cutting erosion damage, unrestrained water dykes and dams Clay Microstructure cantilever generation fracture or the stress rupture to topple burst the stage, most The unrestrained water dykes and dams crevasse stabilization sub stage is formed afterwards.
In order to further realize the above object, Ji Zikuidiba is washed in a pan in cross flow, it includes that cross flow is washed in a pan base self collapsing levee dam, overflow The naughty base of stream, which draws, rushes self collapsing levee dam；Base self collapsing levee dam is washed in a pan in cross flow, it includes that base self collapsing levee dam, the clay heart are washed in a pan in Clay Microstructure cross flow Wall cross flow washes in a pan sloping core cross flow under base self collapsing levee dam, clay and washes in a pan base self collapsing levee dam, naughty base of geomembrane cloth bag impervious body cross flow Self collapsing levee dam, wherein base self collapsing levee dam is washed in a pan in Clay Microstructure cross flow, it includes sub- Clay Microstructure, the easy sand surfing stone soil of sub- non-sticky Dyke (dam), the easy sand surfing stone earth embankment dam body of female non-sticky, geomembrane water distribution tiling lid；The naughty base of cross flow, which draws, rushes self collapsing levee dam, it includes Clay Microstructure cross flow wash in a pan base draw rush self collapsing levee dam, clay core wall cross flow is washed in a pan base and is drawn and rushes under self collapsing levee dam, clay sloping core cross flow and wash in a pan base Draw rush self collapsing levee dam, geomembrane cloth bag impervious body cross flow washes in a pan base lamination small dike dam and draws and rush self collapsing levee dam, wherein Clay Microstructure cross flow Naughty base, which draws, rushes self collapsing levee dam, it includes sub- Clay Microstructure, the easy sand surfing stone earth embankment dam body of sub- non-sticky, female Clay Microstructure, female sandstone Dyke (dam), the easy sand surfing stone earth embankment Ba Qu of female non-sticky, forbidden lamella geomembrane water distribution tiling lid, sandy soil protective layer, parting hard surface, Forbidden lamella geomembrane water distribution tiling lid, its longitudinal joint is that downstream geomembrane cloth is overlapped on against the current on the geomembrane cloth of upstream, is rushed using drawing Small dike's height of dam, the easy sand surfing stone earth embankment dam area internal friction angle of female non-sticky, female sandstone dyke (dam) scour hole depth divide self collapsing levee dam point Area.
In order to further realize the above object, geotechnological woven fabric very floodway, it included water and soil dykes and dams, geotechnological woven fabric Mask, soil body protective layer, it is made of geotechnological woven fabric mask multiple fish scale shape units, and fish scale shape unit adds in the high region of flow velocity It gathering and sets, geotechnological woven fabric mask includes following form, by taking two neighboring fish scale shape unit as an example, geotechnological woven fabric fish scale shape mask, It includes that stream rides over above the fish scale shape unit of downstream upstream fish scale shape unit downstream, and fish scale shape unit, it includes that trapezoidal geotechnique knits Cloth closes threading, geotechnological woven fabric flap, the soil body, bar line；For geotechnological woven fabric threading without squama mask, it includes upstream without under squama unit End connection downstream is swum without squama unit upstream end, no squama unit includes trapezoidal geotechnological woven fabric closing threading, geotechnological woven fabric without scale, soil Body；Concrete slab first geotechnique's woven fabric mask, it includes chemical fiber rope, chemical fiber rope system precast slab first piece, geotechnological woven fabric threading Without squama mask；Chemical fibre netting loose stone first geotechnique's woven fabric threading fish scale mask, it includes chemical fiber rope, chemical fibre netting loose stone, soil Work woven fabric threading is without squama mask；Beams of concrete stake fish scale shape mask, it includes beams of concrete, geotechnological woven fabric flap, concrete Stake, bar line, soil matrix, concrete-pile squeeze into soil matrix；L shape geotechnique's woven fabric threading geotechnique's woven fabric fish scale shape mask, it includes open type L Banket body in shape geotechnique's woven fabric threading, and the shape geotechnique woven fabric threading top open type L connects geotechnological woven fabric flap upstream end.
Geotechnological woven fabric flap, it includes single layer geotechnique woven fabric and following pattern, and disjunctor geotechnique's woven fabric mould bag, it includes n Sewing line connects first geotechnological woven fabric, second geotechnological woven fabric constitutes n-1 mould bag, bankets in mould bag, geotechnological woven fabric mould Bag length direction flow arrangement downstream；Prefabricated geotechnique's woven fabric mould bag, it includes the prefabricated geotechnological woven fabric bag of connection sewing line connection sealing, Sealing prefabricated geotechnological woven fabric bag successively includes first geotechnological woven fabric, second geotechnological woven fabric, sealed sewing line, the soil body in bag, It seals prefabricated geotechnique and knits cloth bag length direction flow arrangement downstream.
Beneficial effects of the present invention: the national defence value that reply war water of the invention is attacked, the geotechnique including the present invention Self collapsing levee dam, the emergency spillway of synthetic material can meet an urgent need now build, be inexpensive, feature easy to implement, it is for coping with war Water is attacked；Reply upper pond water attacks dam break and surges disaster, now builds it at the auxiliary dam, bank weir of reservoir and prevents or reduces dam break Disaster, now building on head-work two sides dyke or barrage, which prevents dam break from surging, destroys head-work；On rivers flood-diversion sluice Trip, which now builds it and prevents dam break from surging, to destroy flood-diversion sluice and changes its course；Dyke dispersion in rivers two sides builds it and prevents dam break from surging and break Ruining dyke leads to river diversion and the disaster of surging that inrushes；Wartime, dispersion for the entire people was now built with small-sized dyke of the invention, medium and small Type reservoir filling, agricultural supplies water on the spot, reduce water attack high dam dam break risk, reduce flood arable land, reduce water supply project and land occupation, It reduces agriculture excessive exploitation of groundwater and threatens cities and towns safe drinking water, large reservoir water is avoided to attack high dam dam break disaster and to ecological environment It influences, Ensuring Food Safety, solution water attacks large reservoir dam break disaster, water attacks cutting reservoir water source and threatens grain security, drinking-water The problem of safety.
Cross flow of the invention washes in a pan Ji Zikuidiba and prevents and reduces natural disasters the learning value of design theory, and the present invention quantifies ancient Chinese " blown sands weir " and international self collapsing levee dam length is well solved up to more than 60 years science hardly possiblies using " geosynthetics " new material Topic and technical bottleneck, the Theory comparison of it and existing individual experimental design self bursting dam, fundamental difference is mechanism of being burst using dykes and dams Quito grade self collapsing levee dam is washed in a pan in Quantitative design cross flow, base self collapsing levee dam subregion is washed in a pan in Quantitative design cross flow, it solves existing to test The critical condition and the problem from the time of bursting for obtaining the self bursting dam of individual, that is, solve and furnish a huge amount of money for both at home and abroad without the generation of solution Criticality theoretical puzzle fills up the blank of self collapsing levee dam design theory, to formulate self collapsing levee dam specification, being popularization and application self collapsing levee dam It provides fundamental basis；Remotely to control, being controlled automatically in hydraulic engineering using safety theory and technical guarantee is provided, solve complete The remote middle-size and small-size hydraulic engineering of ball urbanization lacks the problem of management duty personnel.Quantitative design multistage self collapsing levee dam it is differential, It solves the problems, such as the theoretical indeterminable super standard flood uncertainty of existing design, unlimitedness；Burst by unrestrained water dykes and dams Be broken to because coupling destroy dynamical evolution, invent set of partition type self collapsing levee dam, change the structure on existing self collapsing levee dam, press " blown sands mechanism " divides self collapsing levee dam subregion with the easy sand surfing stone soil of non-sticky, utilizes the viscous of the easy sand surfing stone soil of standardized non-sticky Native content, gradation, median particle diameter Quantitative design self collapsing levee dam subregion thereby determine that it is solved from critical condition of bursting, from the time of bursting Probabilistic problem that the theoretical indeterminable consolidated clay of existing design, hard surface, coarse grain diameter sandstone dyke (dam) are burst certainly, Partition type self collapsing levee dam structure is mutually supported with self collapsing levee dam Quantitative design, realize self collapsing levee dam it is reliable, predictable, controllable from It bursts.It establishes cross flow and washes in a pan base self collapsing levee dam design theory, further support the emerging dykes and dams of leaf to prevent and reduce natural disasters design theory, and expand to High water head；It is big according to the fast of high bank dam breaking, generation disaster, by the emerging theory of preventing and reducing natural disasters of leaf, in design, in maximum dykes and dams Place increases the differential height prevented and reduced natural disasters, and in flood-fighting, increases the differential height prevented and reduced natural disasters at maximum dykes and dams, prevents most Burst at big dykes and dams, break through one line design theory of existing dykes and dams, provides theoretical foundation to modify existing dam designs specification；With Critical erosion damage weir headwater depth is differential as self collapsing levee dam, draws the basis for quantitative design of punching pin dykes and dams height, then is aided with Ai、Az Increase coefficient to solve the problems, such as the uncertain flood of different dykes and dams, do not know from routed；Using drawing, punching pin dykes and dams are high, cohesiveless soil is easy Sand surfing stone internal friction angle and scour hole depth quantify self collapsing levee dam subregion, it avoids consolidated clay, hard surface, coarse grain diameter sandstone Dyke (dam) flow-shape change procedure and various unrestrained water dykes and dams burst be broken to because coupling destroy dynamical evolution it is extremely multiple Miscellaneous process forms fixed critical condition of bursting certainly, from the time of bursting, change is numerous to be by standardized Quantitative design self collapsing levee dam subregion Letter has operability;Unrestrained water dykes and dams burst be broken to because coupling destroy dynamical evolution, burst self collapsing levee dam is extremely complex Certainly presentation neutralizing is dynamical evolution mechanism, provides fundamental basis to establish complete self collapsing levee dam structure, has theory that can introduce Undergraduate course classroom is linked together the links of design, construction, management, and unrestrained water dykes and dams downstream sandstone slight slope is traced to the source punching Brush destroys, and, to be multistage from differential design is burst and self collapsing levee dam zoning design is provided fundamental basis, it discloses sufficiently high existing for it Clay core body self collapsing levee dam is the self collapsing levee dam that can be used as the non-water level that rises suddenly and sharply, certainly for the built short self collapsing levee dam of discriminatory analysis Burst reliability, for selection create short self collapsing levee dam type formula foundation be provided, it can be used for announcement self bursting dam and does not burst in time And cause key dam burst case the reason of；Unrestrained water dykes and dams crevasse initial phase, it draws punching pin embankment structure, self collapsing levee dam point to determine The design of cloth area is provided fundamental basis, and then solves the self collapsing levee dam with hard surface, consolidated clay, coarse grain diameter sandstone dyke (dam) Design theory problem, dykes and dams crevasse stabilization sub stage can be determined that the residual and flood diversion ability on self collapsing levee dam；Self collapsing levee dam crest end is solid Clay is tied, is that low flow velocity impact resilience is big, low water head tension stress is big, this also discloses some self collapsing levee dams cannot be in time from routed original Cause is to crack consolidated clay from probabilistic key of bursting, draws punching pin dykes and dams for invention and provide theoretical foundation；It is existing to draw jet-bedding formula Self collapsing levee dam Clay Microstructure is three faces consolidation statically indeterminate structure, the key that present self bursting dam test can not be general is disclosed, for invention The cross flow self collapsing levee dam of cantilever design and cross flow confluence self collapsing levee dam structure provide theoretical foundation；The anti-design of base self collapsing levee is washed in a pan in cross flow Theoretical target is to prevent and reduce natural disasters, and is not only to utilize self collapsing levee dam certainly routed fastly but also certainly routed slowly using self collapsing levee dam, because short Anti- slow burst of self collapsing levee for lasting flood is also mitigation.Base is washed in a pan in the scientific research value of the routed mechanism of unrestrained water dykes and dams of the invention, subregion cross flow As long as self collapsing levee dam small dike dam is fast and reliable burst after, self collapsing levee dam has the upper raising speed that the super ability of letting out slows down dykes and dams water level at this time Degree, while obtaining enough heads that washes away and accelerating to be getting faster from bursting from bursting, so unrestrained by the research of prototype cross-section model Flow female dykes and dams top surface part on self collapsing levee dam from bursting, be instead of whole self collapsing levee dam it is relatively safe, may determine that accordingly from bursting Reliability, can satisfy design requirement, without greatly than ruler test or bulk testing, test simply have operability, this hair Bright theory can be by section verification experimental verification with cantilever design, and similar projects can adopt test result, to formulate Self collapsing levee dam standard carries out scientific experiment research, provides test theory foundation for concrete engineering experimental study, it is also to crack top The key of the global problem of point.Acquisition unsaturation is tested using undisturbed soil and saturation consolidated clay impervious body cantilever design is critical Condition obtains clay allowable tensile stress, initial velocity using section prototype, can find out identical clay accordingly in concretion state With now roll state from routed pass property；Critical dykes and dams headcut scour, which can be obtained, by soil body initial velocity destroys water on weir Depth, critical dykes and dams incision erosion damage weir headwater depth, critical not erosion damage weir headwater depth；Study the easy sand surfing stone soil of non-sticky certainly The routed time can establish standardized self collapsing levee dam zoning design, by section experimental study coarse grain diameter sandstone body initial velocity with And the incision rate of various flow velocitys, so that it may determine Ai、AzStandard value.
Public welfare value of the invention and the value that brings the Yellow River under control, the invention is simple and feasible, it is inexpensive can be towards small dyke Little Wei peasant household, which provides commonweal technology guidance, has operability, fills up the blank of private small micro- Hydraulic Engineering Design management, is The transition of new era hydraulic society provides technical support, private self-built naturally profitable, totality social economy of magnanimity little Wei peasant household effect It is beneficial high, while avoiding great economic loss and environmental disruption caused by magnanimity dyke damaged or destroyed by flood.The present invention can solve silt arrester system One bursts problem, improves China and brings the Yellow River under control unique silt arrester design, avoids jeopardizing the Yellow River safety.
The present invention is conducive to flood prevention management: dispersing flood diversion to the equilibrium of beach field using the present invention, substandard flood flood diversion uses Fixed cycle rotation system, water level automatic forecasting system is arranged at flood diversion, its solution never has the cross-border small of the condition for building detention basin Flood diversion problem in basin river solves the problems, such as that building high, the separate village of flood-diversion sluice cost collects management, solves existing concentration and floods injustice at one Flat flood-diversion sluice addressing problem.Since low cost of the present invention, unattended, automatic controllable flood diversion are economical, technically feasible；Cause To there is the flood diversion water level in determining flood diversion place, determination to be aided with automatic forecasting system again, resident, peasant understand autonomous organizations prevention, Automatically it withdraws, government organization flood control is withdrawn and is also easy.
Ji Zikuidiba is washed in a pan in cross flow of the invention, and the fundamental difference with existing self collapsing levee dam is that (1) bursts according to self collapsing levee dam Certainly mechanism, changes the structure on existing clay core body self collapsing levee dam, construct it is set of it is cheap, structure is simple, it is super let out it is super routed Subtract the cross flow surged and wash in a pan Ji Zikuidiba, according to self collapsing levee dam breaking mechanism, super lets out that super routed to subtract the cross flow surged naughty to set of Ji Zikuidiba carries out subregion and Quantitative design, solve existing self collapsing levee dam can not solve it is probabilistic, unlimited overproof The problem of flood problem and uncontrollable disaster of surging, solve the insurmountable consolidated clay in existing self collapsing levee dam, hard surface, Coarse grain diameter sandstone dam body solves the difficulty that existing self bursting dam design can not be general using individual test from probabilistic problem of bursting Topic;(2) it is that the horizontal bedding bundle clay core body of geosynthetics pulls to downstream that base self collapsing levee dam subregion effect is washed in a pan in cross flow It is placed on the easy sand surfing stone earth embankment dam area of female non-sticky, cross flow scour of tracing to the source causes the easy sand surfing stone earth embankment dam area straight line of female non-sticky Prolong on landslide, washes in a pan gap clay core body basis, cuts down downstream dam body, the sub- clay core body under water pressure, soil pressure effect Occurring overturning, the higher headcut scour of cross flow head destroys faster, it has the super routed ability of cross flow, cross flow surpasses and lets out ability, it Solve the problems, such as that existing self collapsing levee dam can not solve super standard flood uncertainty, unlimitedness；Coarse grain diameter or dike containing cohesive soil Dam body also slows down dam break and surges disaster while reducing cost using natural material using slow burst；Consolidated clay impervious body, under It cuts flow velocity and guarantees that safety under conditions of bursting, is burst slowly using consolidated clay and slows down dam break and surge；Self collapsing levee dam subregion is used for cross flow Base self collapsing levee dam is washed in a pan, it solves the problems, such as that the low self collapsing levee dam breaking of high weir is slow, the overflow dike of relatively high geotechnological woven fabric mask Dam can control flood diversion water level, can also realize and directly disperse flood diversion towards beach field, suitable for automatic, controllable point compared with low height The self collapsing levee dam of flood；Clay Microstructure cross flow washes in a pan base self collapsing levee dam base self collapsing levee dam more naughty than clay core wall cross flow and bursts certainly slowly, preceding Person's is big from foundation engineering amount of bursting, the former the advantages of impervious body maintenance it is convenient, they can be by its structure of Specification Design；Under clay Base self collapsing levee dam is washed in a pan in the cross flow of sloping core and base self collapsing levee dam is washed in a pan in geomembrane cloth bag impervious body cross flow, they the advantages of be from bursting It is fast and small from foundation engineering amount of bursting, the former the shortcomings that be to seepage flow, dam slide stabilization requirement is high, can follow without specification, the latter's advantage is Antiseepage and dam slide stabilization are good the disadvantage is that cost is high；Self collapsing levee dam subregion draws for the naughty base of cross flow rushes self collapsing levee dam, fast on small dike dam After speed is burst, water flow is pierced in the horizontal joint of forbidden lamella geomembrane water distribution tiling lid, is started and is washed away it, prevents from protecting self collapsing levee Dam, it obtain be enough to wash away female clay core body, female sandstone dyke (dam) or parting hard surface draw swash of wave speed, while in hydraulic pressure The clay cut-off wall cantilever beam on wider mother's self collapsing levee dam under power, soil pressure, seepage effect, easily fracture stress rupture, it Solve it is existing from bursting uncertain problem, Clay Microstructure cross flow wash in a pan base draw rush self collapsing levee dam, clay core wall cross flow wash in a pan base draw punching from Sloping core cross flow under dam, clay of inrushing wash in a pan base draw rush self collapsing levee dam, geomembrane cloth bag impervious body cross flow washes in a pan base lamination small dike dam and draws punching Self collapsing levee dam is successively accelerated from speed of bursting, they are suitable for solving the problems, such as that the retardance of hard surface is burst certainly.Certainly with existing cross flow The dam that inrushes compares, now only reservoir self bursting dam, the present invention cover reservoir dam and the various heads of river and lake canal dyke it is complete from Routed dam configuration；Compared with cross flow self collapsing levee dam, the present invention is not influenced by consolidated clay, hard surface；Certainly with existing geomembrane The dam that inrushes compares, forbidden lamella of the present invention from bursting geomembrane cloth antiseepage curtain and self collapsing levee dam subregion prevents its retardance from routed problem, And its selection is not limited to geomembrane, and cheap film cloth is chosen according to self collapsing levee dam head；Prevent with the concrete to topple automatically Seep wall to compare, low cost of the present invention, can gradual control surge, avoid the topple dam that inrushes of disaster from surging；With human-generated explosives flood diversion ratio It is unattended compared with, the present invention, automatic controllable flood diversion, convenient for management；With it is existing draw washing pipe, draw jet-bedding self collapsing levee dam compared with, it is wider Cross flow dykes and dams the easy cantilever design burst, it solves existing have lock to draw jet-bedding, draw the solid clay core in three faces of washing pipe The problem of individual testing data design is pressed on wall self collapsing levee dam, it controls automatic flood diversion without gate.
Base self collapsing levee dam geotechnique's woven fabric very floodway is washed in a pan in cross flow of the invention: with the existing self collapsing levee dam basic area of floodway It is not according to self collapsing levee dam breaking mechanism, using theory of preventing and reducing natural disasters, to carry out the height difference, more on self collapsing levee dam and non-overflow dykes and dams The differential Quantitative design in grade self collapsing levee dam, the small routed, great flood of small water are burst greatly, and realization is prevented and reduced natural disasters, it solves the nothing of super standard flood Sex-limited, probabilistic problem solves the problems, such as individual experimental design multistage self bursting dam at present；It is overproof according to very floodway Design theory of flood preventing and reducing natural disasters designs geotechnological woven fabric very floodway, solves numerous small hydraulic project damaged or destroyed by floods and towards beach field The problem of flood diversion.Compared with the multistage self collapsing levee dam emergency spillway emerging with leaf, Ye Xing only limits on pervious multistage self collapsing levee dam low Towards beach field, it is widely applicable that the present invention expands to geosynthetics on material for head flood diversion, increases separation levee, tiltedly in structure Slope connection；Staggered floor advantage of the invention is that structure and hydraulics characteristic are simple, and disadvantage is not suitable for vehicle pass-through, is suitable for small dike certainly Inrush dam, and separation levee advantage is can to set up Simple bridge temporarily convenient for traffic and block diffluence pass, and shunting elevation of weir crest can be flexible Arrangement, by flood diversion elevation of weir crest can timely flood diversion, flushed with ground have it is super let out ability and take into account water drainage, the disadvantage is that Project amount is big, requires high or flood diversion in time dyke and reservoir suitable for traffic, can quickly face especially in war and build just Bridge resumes traffic with functions of national defense；Slope advantage is open to traffic, the disadvantage is that it is complicated from hydraulic characteristic of bursting, from water level of bursting It is difficult to accurate grading control, is suitable for the demanding self collapsing levee dam of traffic；It is that shared dissipation and scouring section project amount is small that advantage is expanded in side Structure is simple, the disadvantage is that flood diversion water level is single and small compared with the super ability of letting out of high weir, once flood diversion blocks traffic, is suitable for traffic The dyke and small reservoir for having drainage gate of less demanding；Multilevel stack advantage is that project amount is small, and flood diversion weir height is variable, great flood Big point, small point of small flood, structure is complicated and requires stack height larger for disadvantage, is suitable for higher self collapsing levee dam, traffic requires not High, flood diversion limited width dykes and dams.With the Design of Reservoirs project plan comparison of no emergency spillway, the present invention can have lock to avoid single The contingency for controlling the earth and rockfill dam dam abutment spillway in big aperture jeopardizes the problem of earth dam safety, avoids cost high and opens at full capacity The problem that the maintenance that needs to furnish a huge amount of money for is corroded with the extremely low steel construction of probability, avoids outdoor concrete by aging, freeze thawing, jelly It is swollen, sedimentation, seepage erosion problem；Compared with flood-diversion sluice, the present invention there is no gate corrosion, outdoor concrete aging, freeze thawing, Frost heave and routine servicing maintenance and problem of management, automatic flood diversion avoid administrative vulnerability, burst war water from attacking problem；With single flood diversion Lock compares, and washes in a pan the automatic flood diversion of Ji Zikuidiba equipped with cross flow, can use long-range control and automatic control flood-diversion sluice solves cities and towns Numerous remote gates lack the problem of administrative staff under the conditions of change；Compared with dykes and dams are without lock floodway, concrete must without lock floodway Right higher weir head needs higher non-overflow dykes and dams if large discharge per unit, and reservoir inundation is big, can not be directly to beach field point Flood, low cost of the present invention control smaller weir head using wide floodway, reduce non-overflow dykes and dams height, can be directly to beach Field flood diversion needs longer overfall dam if small discharge per unit width, and project cost is high, and project cost of the present invention is low to use longer overflow Dykes and dams flood small；Compared with existing multistage self collapsing levee dam concrete emergency spillway, existing concrete dividing pier form cost is high, Cost of the present invention is extremely low；Compared with no flood diversion building, geotechnological woven fabric very floodway cost of the invention is extremely low, it is change The design theory for allowing the damaged or destroyed by flood of hydraulic engineering super standard flood now, establishes dykes and dams super standard flood and prevents and reduces natural disasters and theoretical provide skill Art support.It can prevent silt arrester from uniformly bursting, and avoid jeopardizing the Yellow River safety；It can prevent a large amount of standard of flood it is low, Without the very River Embankment of flood diversion measure, canal structure, cofferdam damaged or destroyed by flood；Its trans-boundary water, boundary river flood diversion provide a kind of flood diversion Scheme；Its geosynthetics can use plastic garbage and make, and utilizes for plastic garbage and provides new way；It can be all kinds of The mating dykes and dams flood diversion measure of dykes and dams.
Geotechnological woven fabric very floodway of the invention: compared with the emerging geosynthetics of leaf very floodway, in structure The upper structure for increasing armor with scales attached to fabric, suitable for more high water head, higher flow rate, has floating material floodway, compares on material, the present invention The geotechnological woven fabric advantage used is can to meet an urgent need now to build, and the civilian geotechnological woven fabric of chemical fabric replacement can be taken over for use by encountering war；Floating body Netting trash rack structure is simply easy to implement, and the geosynthetics smaller suitable for floating material, shunting discharge per unit width is small is burst certainly Dykes and dams；The threading of fish scale shape unit is improved to suitable for the trapezoidal of sandy soil ground and closing threading, geotechnological woven fabric fish scale shape mask Fish scale shape overlap joint play the role of drainage pressure-reducing dispersing water flow shearing force, prevent from lifting under uplift pressure, local damage flowing pressure Work of digging woven fabric fish scale shape mask, disadvantage overlap excessive project amount and increase；For geotechnological woven fabric threading without squama mask, advantage structure is simple Project amount saves, the very floodway suitable for small flow velocity；Concrete slab first geotechnique's woven fabric mask, chemical fibre netting loose stone first geotechnique Woven fabric mask, advantage resist floating material or have the very floodway of bed load, can save trash rack, and disadvantage cost is high, is applicable in In the self collapsing levee dam compared with high water head；Reinforced concrete pile beam geotechnique's woven fabric fish scale shape unit is suitable for existing Tu Shidiba and reconstructs For self collapsing levee dam；L shape geotechnique's woven fabric threading geotechnique's woven fabric fish scale shape mask is suitable for trapezoidal geosynthetics multilevel stack certainly Inrush dam river bottom protection.The present invention is used for low water head self collapsing levee dam；Disjunctor geotechnique's woven fabric mould bag, it can use hydraulic reclamation, and low cost is applied Work is convenient, has thin sand and soil suitable for construction site；Prefabricated geotechnique's woven fabric mould bag, can be sewed using mould machine scene, be fitted For lacking the area of sandy soil, building stones.
Detailed description of the invention:
Base self collapsing levee dam geotechnique's woven fabric very floodway schematic longitudinal section is washed in a pan in Fig. 1 cross flow；
Base self collapsing levee dam geotechnique's woven fabric very floodway pattern elevation view schematic diagram is washed in a pan in Fig. 2 multistage cross flow；
Base self collapsing levee dam type formula skiagraph schematic diagram is washed in a pan in Fig. 3 cross flow；
Fig. 4 fish scale shape unit pattern detail drawing schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment: it with reference to the accompanying drawing elaborates preferred forms of the invention (referring to Fig. 1, figure 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4).
Embodiment 1: certain basin dyke washes in a pan base self collapsing levee dam geotechnique's woven fabric very floodway example using cross flow, washes in a pan according to cross flow Base self collapsing levee dam 1 is washed in a pan in Ji Zikuidiba design theory design cross flow of preventing and reducing natural disasters, and is prevented and reduced natural disasters reason according to super standard flood dykes and dams By geotechnological woven fabric very floodway 2 is designed, cross flow washes in a pan 1 bottom of base self collapsing levee dam and connects geotechnological woven fabric very floodway 2, and geotechnique knits Cloth very 2 two sides of floodway connect dykes and dams bank 3, and geotechnological woven fabric very 2 upstream of floodway is arranged floating body netting trash rack 4, intercepts Floating material prevents floating material from destroying geotechnological woven fabric very floodway；Super standard flood dykes and dams are prevented and reduced natural disasters theory, it is according to letting out Big vast beach water in field ruins mechanism and the structure type and scale of the determining geotechnological woven fabric of target of preventing and reducing natural disasters very floodway, with dispersion point Base self collapsing levee dam geotechnique's woven fabric very floodway is washed in a pan in the theory of preventing and reducing natural disasters that flood, decentralized storage of water are attacked as reply war water, cross flow 1 cross flow elevation of base self collapsing levee dam is washed in a pan by cross flow be divided into single-stage cross flow wash in a pan base self collapsing levee dam geotechnique's woven fabric very floodway, multistage unrestrained It flows and washes in a pan base self collapsing levee dam geotechnique's woven fabric very floodway, it is to have that base self collapsing levee dam geotechnique's woven fabric very floodway is washed in a pan in multistage cross flow More than two depth displacements are differential diSelf collapsing levee dam floodway, it includes multistage separation levee slope self collapsing levee dam very flood diversion Self collapsing levee dam very floodway, multistage staggered floor lamination are expanded in road, multistage staggered floor separation levee self collapsing levee dam very floodway, multistage staggered floor side Self collapsing levee dam very floodway, multistage to burst greatly from the small routed, flood of small water of bursting, separation levee slope self collapsing levee dam very floodway, with 3 holes For 2 grades of separation levee slopes self collapsing levee dam geotechnique's woven fabric very floodway, it includes 1 grade of geosynthetics separation levee III -1, geotechnique Woven fabric slope protection 2-3 successively separate slope connection I -1,2 grade of 1 grade of slope self collapsing levee dam slope self collapsing levee dam I -2, when 1 grade of slope from The dam Man Shui that inrushes causes its flood diversion of bursting, and 1 grade of geotechnological woven fabric river bottom protection 2-2-1 elevation is above the ground level, it can control flood diversion water level, Small water is small to burst, and when 2 grades of slopes self collapsing levee dam overflows water, it bursts flood diversion, and 2 grades of geotechnique woven fabric river bottom protection 2-2-2 and ground are neat Flat, it plays the role of flood diversion and water drainage, and separation levee advantage, which can temporarily put up a temporary bridge, to be conducive to emergency traffic and block up, the disadvantage is that engineering Amount is big, and slope advantage is easy for non-flood diversion phase traffic, the disadvantage is that being difficult to accurate flood diversion water level from water flow complexity of bursting；It is multistage wrong Layer separation levee self collapsing levee dam very floodway, it is the very floodway that separation levee separates staggered floor self collapsing levee dam, and staggered floor advantage is from routed Water flow is simply easy to accurate flood diversion water level, and disadvantage cannot function as car lane use, draw suitable for small dike dam and rush self collapsing levee dam； Self collapsing levee dam very floodway is expanded in multistage staggered floor side, it is step by step to two sides extension from routed very floodway, and advantage is shared Dissipation and scouring section is to reduce engineering, the simple low cost of structure, the disadvantage is that control water level is single；Multistage staggered floor lamination self collapsing levee dam is non- Normal floodway, it is to share dissipation and scouring section to downward extension from routed very floodway step by step to reduce project amount, disadvantage knot Structure is complicated, and advantage is more water level control flood diversion.
Cross flow washes in a pan Ji Zikuidiba and prevents and reduces natural disasters design theory, it is that mechanism of bursting according to dykes and dams is set with target of preventing and reducing natural disasters The structure type that Ji Zikuidiba is washed in a pan in cross flow is counted, the naughty base self collapsing levee dam of Quantitative design cross flow is differential, base self collapsing levee dam body is washed in a pan in cross flow Subregion, unrestrained water dykes and dams burst mechanism, it is that unrestrained water dykes and dams cross flow rate is more than that soil body anti-impact flow velocity dykes and dams will wash away brokenly Bad, unrestrained water dykes and dams cross flow erosion damage causes unrestrained water dykes and dams geometry to change, and unrestrained water dykes and dams geometry change causes unrestrained water The change of dykes and dams flow-shape, it is further exacerbated by erosion damage, and the change of unrestrained water dykes and dams flow-shape necessarily passes various solid Fixed critical erosion damage weir headwater depth, unrestrained water dykes and dams geometry change cause seepage through soil mass and stress changes, seepage through soil mass with Stress be more than the permissive permeability gradient of the soil body, shearing strength, tensile strength will cause various unrestrained water dykes and dams burst be broken to because Coupling destroy dynamical evolution, form unrestrained water dykes and dams erosion damage and burst to dykes and dams, then the differentiation stable to dykes and dams crevasse；It is critical Dykes and dams headcut scour destroys weir headwater depth HdIf wider dykes and dams top is channel flow using formula (1), formula (2) simultaneous solution Hd, such as Fruit dykes and dams top is weir flow using formula (2), formula (3) simultaneous solution Hd, critical dykes and dams top incision erosion damage weir headwater depth Hu, use (4), (5) simultaneous solution Hu, critical not erosion damage weir headwater depth Hn, using (6), (7) simultaneous solution Hn, differential diUsing public affairs Formula (8), cross flow wash in a pan base self collapsing levee dam zoning and use formula (9), (10), (11), if dykes and dams are shorter to use non-uniform flow Inquire into slope foot flow velocity,
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11)
In formula: hi、vi、hi+1、vi+1- respectively represent the dykes and dams top stream upstream and downstream section depth of water (m) of section, flow velocity (m/s), in it is initial hi+1Using critical depth of water hk；△l,il- respectively represent dykes and dams top stream segment length (m), dykes and dams top Parallel to the flow direction longitudinal slope； J— Represent the average hydraulic gradient on dykes and dams top；Vd- represent slope surface initial velocity in downstream at the dykes and dams level of tail water；N, R, i-generation respectively Table dykes and dams downstream slope surface roughness, hydraulic radius (m), longitudinal slope；Q, ε, m, σ, B-respectively represent dykes and dams top flow (m3/ s), side receive Contracting coefficient, discharge coefficient, to flood coefficient, cross flow wide (m)；G-represents acceleration of gravity (m/s2)；α-represents velocity flow profile system Number；v0- represent velocity of approach (m/s)； Vu- represent dykes and dams top parting hard surface, sandstone dam body, dykes and dams clay cut-off wall Dynamic flow velocity (m/s)；Vn- represent dykes and dams clay cut-off wall or sandstone dam body non-scouring velocity (m/s)； di- i-stage is differential, m； Hd- critical dykes and dams headcut scour destroys weir headwater depth, m；Ai- water level rise rate and dykes and dams burst speed and engineering order because The self collapsing levee dams or self collapsing levee dam at different levels of element and dike dam heightening；He- represent and draw punching pin dykes and dams height, m；Hu- represent critical dykes and dams Push up incision erosion damage weir headwater depth, m；As- represent sub- dam heightening, m；β-mother's sandstone dyke (dam) and the easy sand surfing of female non-sticky The inclination angle in stone earth embankment dam area upstream and downstream line of demarcation,；The easy sand surfing stone earth embankment dam internal friction angle of φ-mother's non-sticky,；T-mother's sandstone Dyke (dam) and the easy sand surfing stone earth embankment dam area horizontal dividing lines of female non-sticky female sandstone dyke (dam) scour hole depth below, m；K-punching Cheat coefficient；The critical dykes and dams headcut scour of q-destroys discharge per unit width, m3/s.m；Z-water levels of upstream and downstream is poor, m；ht- downstream water depth, m；Unrestrained water dykes and dams burst be broken to because coupling destroy dynamical evolution, be pole the extremely complex presentation abbreviation that bursts in self collapsing levee dam Its simple mechanism provides fundamental basis to establish the naughty base self collapsing levee dam structure of complete cross flow, fills up self collapsing levee dam design theory Blank, be typical case with unrestrained water Clay Microstructure, it is that open channel uniform flow washes away brokenly that erosion damage, which takes place, in cross flow dykes and dams downstream slope It is bad, it is that unrestrained water dykes and dams downstream sandy soil slope headcut scour destroys initial phase at this time, base is washed in a pan in differential design of bursting certainly for multistage and cross flow The design of self collapsing levee dam is provided fundamental basis, and corresponding weir headwater depth is that critical dykes and dams headcut scour destroys weir headwater depth Hd, it is grade Quantizing design is provided fundamental basis；Washing away makes dam base dam slope steepening, forms open channel nonuniform flow precipitation fluidised form layer step by step Face erosion damage, the higher level of tracing to the source of dykes and dams wash away it is faster, overflow the water dam base gradient be greater than sandy soil internal friction angle after, Sha Xing Earth embankment dam body generates the straight line landslide that inclination angle is sandy soil internal friction angle and destroys, and dykes and dams slope surface is transferred, gone out in dykes and dams slope surface Down stream erosion damage is developed into existing turning point, and dykes and dams are higher, and down stream headcut scour is faster；When unrestrained water dykes and dams downstream slope straight line comes down It extending under the hard surface of dykes and dams top, hard surface forms cantilever down stream, hard surface down stream erosion damage is formed at dam abutment, In the case where self weight, water recast are used moment of flexure stress rupture occurs for the cantilever hard surface on scour hard surface basis, Clay Microstructure downstream And local shedding, develop as Clay Microstructure cantilever down stream, the easy sand surfing stone earth embankment dam body of non-sticky is lost after dykes and dams Clay Microstructure Support generates the Circular Slip peeled off layer by layer under osmotic pressure, Gravitative Loads and destroys, and is unrestrained water dykes and dams crevasse starting at this time Stage provides fundamental basis to determine that cross flow washes in a pan the design of base self collapsing levee dam structure and draws the design of punching pin embankment structure；When unrestrained water dykes and dams When Clay Microstructure top loses hard surface scour protection, overflows water dykes and dams Clay Microstructure and incision erosion damage, top unsaturation occurs The big incision of consolidated clay anti-impact flow velocity is slow, and seepage flow saturation consolidated clay anti-impact flow velocity in bottom is small and the big incision of flow velocity is fast, and clay is oblique Wall overflows the stress rupture that water dykes and dams Clay Microstructure cantilever occurs fracture or topples, top under self weight, water pressure, soil pressure effect Unsaturation consolidated clay cohesiveness, internal friction angle are big, and tension stress is big, and generation stress rupture is slow, bottom unsaturation consolidated clay Cohesiveness, internal friction angle are small, and tension stress is small, and generation stress rupture is fast, and the crevasse depth of water increases, the quick incision of crevasse Clay Microstructure Erosion damage just forms unrestrained water dykes and dams and bursts the stage, and then solves the theoretical puzzle of consolidated clay, in critical dykes and dams headcut scour It destroys under the conditions of the headwater depth of weir, overflowing water dykes and dams crevasse initial phase evolution is a slow process, and it is more lower slower to overflow water dykes and dams； In dykes and dams weir headwater depth in critical dykes and dams top incision erosion damage weir headwater depth HuUnder the conditions of, dykes and dams top downstream hard surface is first Occur to destroy and on prolong, unrestrained water dykes and dams Clay Microstructure loses scour protection and incision erosion damage occurs, and forms unrestrained water dykes and dams crevasse Initial phase, while downstream slope occurs headcut scour and destroys, and is just quickly evolved to unrestrained water dykes and dams and bursts the stage；When water on dykes and dams weir As deep as arrive critical not erosion damage weir headwater depth Hn, upstream water level landing downstream water depth increases after bursting due to unrestrained water dykes and dams, dike Crevasse flow velocity in dam reduces, and when the flow velocity of crevasse critical flow is lower than Clay Microstructure non-scouring velocity, dykes and dams crevasse lateral incision is slow, is formed unrestrained The water dykes and dams crevasse stabilization sub stage, it is possible to determine that the residual and flood diversion ability on self collapsing levee dam；The relatively narrow jet-bedding formula self collapsing levee dam that draws is three The affixed statically indeterminate structure in face, cohesiveness, the internal friction angle of top unsaturation consolidated clay are larger, fracture, answering of toppling Power is destroyed slow, and cohesiveness, the internal friction angle that bottom is saturated consolidated clay are smaller, fracture, the stress rupture that topples it is fast；Cantilever The cross flow of structure washes in a pan Ji Zikuidiba and obtains A using the test of top local section model testi、As。
Ji Zikuidiba is washed in a pan in cross flow, it includes that base self collapsing levee dam is washed in a pan in cross flow, cross flow washes in a pan base and draws and rush self collapsing levee dam；Geotechnique closes It pulls to downstream at material horizontal bedding bundle clay core body to be placed on the easy sand surfing stone earth embankment dam area of female non-sticky, cross flow is traced to the source Scour causes to prolong on the easy sand surfing stone earth embankment dam area straight line landslide of female non-sticky, and downstream dam is cut down on the sub- clay core body basis of scour Body, overturning occurs for sub- clay core body under water pressure, soil pressure effect, and the higher headcut scour of cross flow head destroys more Fastly, it has that the super routed ability of cross flow, cross flow is super lets out ability, it solves existing self collapsing levee dam, and can not to solve super standard flood uncertain Property, unlimitedness problem, using drawing the easy sand surfing stone earth embankment dam area internal friction angle of high, the female non-sticky of punching pin dykes and dams, female sandstone dykes and dams Body scour hole depth divides self collapsing levee dam subregion, Quantitative design self collapsing levee dam subregion.Base self collapsing levee dam is washed in a pan in cross flow, passes through overflow dike Dam is controlled compared with high score flood level, and suitable for controlling the reservoir compared with high score flood level, river, it includes following form: Clay Microstructure Base self collapsing levee dam 1-a is washed in a pan in cross flow, it includes sub- Clay Microstructure 1-1-a, the easy sand surfing stone earth embankment dam body 1-2-a of sub- non-sticky, mother The easy sand surfing stone earth embankment dam body 1-3-a of non-sticky, geomembrane water distribution tiling lid 1-4-a；Base self collapsing levee dam is washed in a pan in clay core wall cross flow 1-b, it successively includes sub- clay core wall 1-1-b, the easy sand surfing stone earth embankment dam body 1-2-b of sub- non-sticky, the easy sand surfing stone of female non-sticky Earth embankment dam body 1-3-b, geomembrane water distribution tiling lid 1-4-b；Base self collapsing levee dam 1-c is washed in a pan in sloping core cross flow under clay, it includes son The easy sand surfing stone earth embankment dam body 1-2-c of sloping core 1-1-c, sub- non-sticky under clay, the easy sand surfing stone earth embankment dam body 1-3-c of female non-sticky, Geomembrane water distribution tiling lid 1-4-c；Base self collapsing levee dam 1-d is washed in a pan in geomembrane cloth bag impervious body cross flow, it includes sub- geomembrane cloth The easy sand surfing stone soil of soil body 1-1-D, the easy sand surfing stone earth embankment dam body 1-2-d of sub- non-sticky, female non-sticky in bag impervious body 1-1-d, bag Dyke (dam) 1-3-d, geomembrane water distribution tiling lid 1-4-d, Clay Microstructure cross flow are washed in a pan base self collapsing levee dam and are washed in a pan than clay core wall cross flow Base self collapsing levee dam is slow from bursting, the former is big from foundation engineering amount of bursting, the former the advantages of impervious body maintenance it is convenient, they can be by Its structure of Specification Design；Base self collapsing levee dam is washed in a pan in the cross flow of sloping core under clay and geomembrane cloth bag impervious body cross flow washes in a pan base and bursts certainly Dykes and dams, they the advantages of be from burst it is fast and from foundation engineering amount of bursting it is small, the former the shortcomings that be to seepage flow, dam slide stabilization requirement it is high, It can be followed without specification, the latter's advantage is that antiseepage and dam slide stabilization are good the disadvantage is that cost is high.The naughty base of cross flow, which draws, rushes self collapsing levee dam, in small dike After dam quickly bursts, water flow is pierced in the horizontal joint of forbidden lamella geomembrane water distribution tiling lid, starts and washes away it, prevents from protecting from routed Dykes and dams, it obtain be enough to wash away female clay core body, female sandstone dyke (dam) or parting hard surface draw swash of wave speed, while in water The clay cut-off wall cantilever beam on wider mother's self collapsing levee dam under pressure, soil pressure, seepage effect, easily fracture stress rupture, It solves existing uncertain problem of bursting certainly, it includes following form: the naughty base of Clay Microstructure cross flow, which draws, rushes self collapsing levee dam 1-e, it Including sub- Clay Microstructure 1-1-e, the easy sand surfing stone earth embankment dam body 1-2-e of sub- non-sticky, female Clay Microstructure 1-3-e, female sandstone dykes and dams Body 1-4-e, the easy sand surfing stone earth embankment dam area 1-4-E of female non-sticky, forbidden lamella geomembrane water distribution tiling lid 1-5-e, sandy soil protective layer 1- 6-e, parting hard surface 1-7-e, forbidden lamella geomembrane water distribution tiling lid 1-5-e, its longitudinal joint is that downstream geomembrane cloth is taken against the current It connects on the geomembrane cloth of upstream；Clay core wall cross flow washes in a pan base and draws and rushes self collapsing levee dam 1-f, it successively include sub- clay core wall 1-1-f, The easy sand surfing stone earth embankment dam body 1-2-f of sub- non-sticky, female clay core wall 1-3-f, female sandstone dyke (dam) 1-4-f, female non-sticky easily rush Sandstone earth embankment dam area 1-4-F, forbidden lamella geomembrane water distribution tiling lid 1-5-f, sandy soil protective layer 1-6-f, parting hard surface 1-7- f；The naughty base of sloping core cross flow, which draws, under clay rushes self collapsing levee dam 1-g, it includes sloping core 1-1-g under sub- clay, the easy sand surfing stone of sub- non-sticky Earth embankment dam body 1-2-g, female Clay Microstructure 1-3-g, female sandstone dyke (dam) 1-4-g, the easy sand surfing stone earth embankment dam area 1-4- of female non-sticky G, forbidden lamella geomembrane water distribution tiling lid 1-5-g, sandy soil protective layer 1-6-g, parting hard surface 1-7-g；It bursts on the above self collapsing levee dam Certainly speed is successively accelerated, they are suitable for solving the problems, such as that the retardance of hard surface is burst certainly；Geomembrane cloth bag impervious body cross flow is washed in a pan Base lamination small dike, which draws on dam, rushes self collapsing levee dam 1-h, it successively include sub- geomembrane cloth bag impervious body 1-1-h, soil body 1-1-H in bag, The easy sand surfing stone earth embankment dam body 1-2-h of the sub- non-sticky of lamination, female Clay Microstructure 1-3-h, female sandstone dyke (dam) 1-4-h, female non-sticky Easy sand surfing stone earth embankment dam area 1-4-H, forbidden lamella geomembrane water distribution tiling lid 1-5-h, parting hard surface 1-6-h；When clay is oblique Foundation of wall, which is washed in a pan to occur to collapse, loses antiseepage function, easily rushes under seepage effect, and then seepage erosion, parting hard surface occurs It collapses, reaches and draw punching effect, draw the big condition of punching pin dam construction amount suitable for having traffic requirement and building.
Geotechnological woven fabric very floodway 2, it included water and soil dykes and dams 2-1, geotechnological woven fabric mask, soil body protective layer 2-4, soil It includes geotechnological woven fabric river bottom protection 2-2, geotechnological woven fabric slope protection 2-3 to work woven fabric mask, geotechnological woven fabric mask it by multiple fish scale shape lists Member is constituted, and fish scale shape unit encrypts arrangement in the high region of flow velocity, and geotechnological woven fabric mask includes following form, with two neighboring fish For squama shape unit, geotechnological II-a of woven fabric fish scale shape mask, geotechnological woven fabric fish scale shape mask plays the role of drainage pressure-reducing, it includes Stream rides over above the fish scale shape unit II-B-a of downstream upstream fish scale shape unit II-A-a downstream, and fish scale shape unit, it includes trapezoidal Banket II -3-a of body in geotechnological woven fabric closing II -1-a of threading, the trapezoidal fixed geotechnological woven fabric flap of geotechnique's woven fabric closing threading, Prolong once the geotechnological trapezoidal geotechnological woven fabric closing threading retardance of woven fabric flap generation accidental destruction a lot of is washed away, geotechnological woven fabric Flap erosion control, trapezoidal geotechnique's woven fabric closing II downstream -1-a of threading connect geotechnological II -2-a of woven fabric flap, geotechnological woven fabric Stream is overlapped on the threading downstream of downstream fish scale shape unit II-B-a, geotechnological II -2-a of woven fabric flap to II -2-a of flap downstream Above the permeable connection downstream fish scale shape unit II-B-a of end connecting rod line II -4-a, II -4-a of bar line；Geotechnological woven fabric threading without II-b of squama mask, suitable for the floodway of small flow velocity, it include upstream without the squama downstream unit II-A-b connection downstream without squama list First II upstream end-B-b, no squama unit, it includes trapezoidal geotechnological woven fabric closing II -1-b of threading, geotechnological woven fabric without II -2- of scale B, II -3-b of the soil body；II-c of concrete slab first geotechnique's woven fabric mask, it includes that II top surface -4-c of chemical fiber rope connection chemical fiber rope system is pre- II -5-c of concrete slab first piece processed, the anti-floating material of anti-impact adapt to foundation deformation, and II bottom surface -4-c of chemical fiber rope connects geotechnological woven fabric and wears Band is without II-b of squama mask；II-d of chemical fibre netting loose stone first geotechnique's woven fabric mask, the anti-floating material of anti-impact adapt to foundation deformation, cost Lower than concrete slab first, it includes II top surface -4-d of chemical fiber rope connection, II -5-d of chemical fibre netting loose stone, II bottom -4-d of chemical fiber rope Face connects geotechnological woven fabric threading without II-b of squama mask；II-e of beams of concrete stake fish scale shape mask, it include II -1-e of beams of concrete, Geotechnological II -2-e of woven fabric flap, II -3-e of concrete-pile, II -4-e of bar line, II -5-e of soil matrix, II -3-e of concrete-pile are squeezed into II -5-e of soil matrix is suitable for existing dykes and dams and reconstructs overflow dike dam；II-f of L shape geotechnique's woven fabric threading geotechnique's woven fabric fish scale shape mask, Suitable for multistage trapezoidal geosynthetics lamination mask, it includes the body that bankets in II -1-f of open type L shape geotechnique's woven fabric threading II -3-f, II top -1-f of open type L shape geotechnique's woven fabric threading connect geotechnological II upstream end -2-f of woven fabric flap；Geotechnological woven fabric Flap, it includes single layer geotechnique woven fabric, II-g of disjunctor geotechnique's woven fabric mould bag, prefabricated geotechnological II-h of woven fabric mould bag, disjunctor geotechnique II-g of woven fabric mould bag, it includes II -3-g connection of n sewing line, first II -1-g of geotechnological woven fabric, second geotechnique's woven fabric II - 2-g constitutes n-1 mould bag, and banket in mould bag II -4-g, and geotechnological woven fabric mould bag length direction flow arrangement downstream, banketing can use Hydraulic reclamation, it is low cost, easy for construction, there is thin sand and soil suitable for construction site；Prefabricated II-h of geotechnique's woven fabric mould bag, it includes connecting sewing The prefabricated geotechnological woven fabric bag of II -5-h connection of line sealing processed, sealing prefabricated geotechnological woven fabric bag successively includes first geotechnique's woven fabric II - 1-h, second geotechnological II -2-h of woven fabric, II -3-h of sealed sewing line, II -4-h of the soil body in bag, it is long to seal prefabricated geotechnological woven fabric bag Direction flow arrangement downstream is spent, sealing prefabricated geotechnological woven fabric bag can sew using mould machine scene, suitable for no sandy soil Area.
Non-cohesive soil of the invention refers to that control cohesive soil content guarantees that it is from straight line landslide, easy sand surfing stone occur when bursting Refer to that sandstone initial velocity is lower than the sandstone in critical erosive velocity.High 3 meters of weir or more and 1 meter of weir head or more of geotechnological woven fabric Very floodway type selection should carry out hydraulic model test verifying.
Embodiment 2, to disperse flood diversion, decentralized storage of water copes with all kinds of super standard flood embodiments.1) upper pond water is coped with It attacks dam break to surge disaster, now builds it at the auxiliary dam, bank weir of reservoir and prevent or reduce dam break disaster, in head-work two sides Now building on dyke or barrage, which prevents dam break from surging, destroys head-work；Now building it in rivers flood-diversion sluice upstream prevents dam break from surging It destroys flood-diversion sluice and changes its course；Dyke dispersion in rivers two sides build its prevent dam break surge destroy dyke cause river diversion and Inrush disaster of surging.2) prevent unusual time cutting reservoir water source from threatening grain security, safe drinking water, dam break disaster, dispersion is existing It builds with small-sized dyke of the invention, medium and small reservoirs water storage, on the spot agricultural water supply, reduces water and attack high dam dam break risk, reduce It floods arable land, reduce water supply project and land occupation, the agriculture excessive exploitation of groundwater threat cities and towns safe drinking water of reduction, large reservoir is avoided to burst Dam disaster and influence to ecological environment, Ensuring Food Safety.3) upstream state of trans-boundary water uses self collapsing levee of the invention The automatic flood diversion of dam floodway, solution inrush and river diversion, uncontrollable flood damage, high bank are caused to burst and cause extinction Problem, solve the problems, such as that backward country's numerous inrush of provincial standard low frequency threatens grain security.Boundary river two sides country uses Dyke is protected in the automatic flood diversion of self collapsing levee dam floodway of the invention, controls the disaster that inrushes, and solution inrushes and leads to river diversion, can not control Flood damage, the high bank of system, which burst, causes the problem of extinction, solves the numerous prestige that inrushes of two countries' dyke standard low frequency backward in economy Coerce the problem of grain security and lives and properties.Since the present invention had both included bursting suitable for oneself of developed country or important engineering Dykes and dams armored concrete floodway also includes suitable for the inexpensive easy to implement of national or insignificant engineering underdeveloped Self collapsing levee dam geosynthetics very floodway, so it is widely used.
Dyke embodiment is protected in embodiment 3, controllable flood diversion: certain Inter-regional small watershed river does not have the item for building detention basin Part, building flood-diversion sluice, not only cost is high, collects management and problem far from village, and not building detention basin flood-diversion sluice addressing is exactly problem, is concentrated Unfairness at one is flooded to be opposed.For this situation, flood diversion is dispersed to the equilibrium of beach field using the present invention, substandard flood flood diversion uses Automatic forecasting system is arranged at flood diversion for fixed cycle rotation system.Due to low cost of the present invention, unattended, automatic controllable flood diversion Economical, technically feasible；Because of its fair flood diversion, resident, peasant can receive solution dykes and dams addressing protected in detention basin flood diversion by no means Problem, management problems；Because having determining flood diversion place, automatic flood diversion water level, resident, peasant can withdraw automatically, government organization Flood control is withdrawn and is also easy;Controllable flood diversion reduces the disaster of surging that inrushes, and controllable flood diversion reduces the effectiveness factors that inrush.
Certainly, the above description is not a limitation of the present invention, and the present invention is also not limited to the example above, this technology neck The variations, modifications, additions or substitutions that the technical staff in domain is made within the essential scope of the present invention also should belong to of the invention Protection scope.

Claims (4)

1. base self collapsing levee dam geotechnique's woven fabric very floodway is washed in a pan in cross flow, it is characterised in that it includes washing in a pan base self collapsing levee according to cross flow Ji Zikuidiba (1) is washed in a pan in dam design theory design cross flow of preventing and reducing natural disasters, and is prevented and reduced natural disasters Theoretical Design according to super standard flood dykes and dams Geotechnological woven fabric very floodway (2), the cross flow wash in a pan (1) bottom Ji Zikuidiba and connect geotechnological woven fabric very floodway (2), institute Geotechnological woven fabric very floodway (2) two sides connection dykes and dams bank (3) is stated, floating body rope is arranged in geotechnological woven fabric very floodway (2) upstream Net trash rack (4)；The super standard flood dykes and dams are prevented and reduced natural disasters theory, it is to ruin mechanism according to flood discharge beach water in field and prevent and reduce natural disasters Target determines the structure type and scale of geotechnological woven fabric very floodway, to disperse flood diversion, decentralized storage of water as coping with war water The theory of preventing and reducing natural disasters attacked, cross flow wash in a pan base self collapsing levee dam geotechnique's woven fabric very floodway and wash in a pan Ji Zikuidiba (1) cross flow by cross flow It is non-that elevation is divided into the naughty base self collapsing levee dam geotechnique's woven fabric of single-stage cross flow very floodway, the naughty base self collapsing levee dam geotechnique's woven fabric of multistage cross flow Normal floodway, it is differential that the naughty base self collapsing levee dam geotechnique's woven fabric very floodway of multistage cross flow, which is with more than two depth displacements, diSelf collapsing levee dam floodway, it includes multistage separation levee slope self collapsing levee dam very floodway, multistage staggered floor separation levee self collapsing levee Self collapsing levee dam very floodway, multistage staggered floor lamination self collapsing levee dam very floodway, institute are expanded in dam very floodway, multistage staggered floor side Multistage separation levee slope self collapsing levee dam very floodway is stated, is with 3 hole, 2 grades of separation levee slopes self collapsing levee dam geotechnique's woven fabric very floodway , it includes that successively separation slope connects 1 grade of slope certainly for 1 grade of geosynthetics separation levee (III -1), geotechnological woven fabric slope protection (2-3) Inrush dam (I -1), 2 grades of slopes self collapsing levee dam (I -2), 1 grade of self collapsing levee dam, 2 grades of self collapsing levee dams, dykes and dams height difference be followed successively by 1 grade Differential d1, 2 grades of differential d2；The multistage staggered floor separation levee self collapsing levee dam very floodway, it is that separation levee separates staggered floor self collapsing levee dam Very floodway；Self collapsing levee dam very floodway is expanded in the multistage staggered floor side, it is to divide very much to two sides extension from what is burst step by step Big vast road；The multistage staggered floor lamination self collapsing levee dam very floodway, it is the very floodway burst certainly to downward extension step by step.
2. base self collapsing levee dam geotechnique's woven fabric very floodway is washed in a pan in cross flow according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the cross flow Naughty Ji Zikuidiba prevents and reduces natural disasters design theory, it be burst mechanism according to dykes and dams and target design cross flow of preventing and reducing natural disasters wash in a pan base from Inrush the structure type on dam, and Quantitative design cross flow washes in a pan that base self collapsing levee dam is differential, base self collapsing levee dam zoning, the unrestrained water are washed in a pan in cross flow Dykes and dams burst mechanism, it is that unrestrained water dykes and dams cross flow rate is more than that erosion damage, Man Shuidi will occur for soil body anti-impact flow velocity dykes and dams Dam cross flow erosion damage causes unrestrained water dykes and dams geometry to change, and unrestrained water dykes and dams geometry change causes unrestrained water dykes and dams water flow stream The change of state, it is further exacerbated by erosion damage, and the change of unrestrained water dykes and dams flow-shape necessarily passes that various fixations are critical to wash away Weir headwater depth is destroyed, unrestrained water dykes and dams geometry change causes seepage through soil mass and stress changes, and seepage through soil mass and stress are more than soil The permissive permeability gradient of body, shearing strength, tensile strength will cause various unrestrained water dykes and dams burst be broken to because coupling destroy Dynamical evolution forms unrestrained water dykes and dams erosion damage and bursts to dykes and dams, then the differentiation stable to dykes and dams crevasse；It is described critical to wash away brokenly Bad weir headwater depth includes that critical dykes and dams headcut scour destroys weir headwater depth Hd, critical dykes and dams top incision erosion damage weir headwater depth Hu、 Critical not erosion damage weir headwater depth Hn, the cross flow wash in a pan base self collapsing levee dam it is differential be cross flows at different levels wash in a pan base self collapsing levee height of dam difference and The referred to as differential d of the height difference between Ji Zikuidiba and dykes and dams is washed in a pan in highest cross flowi, the cross flow washes in a pan base self collapsing levee dam zoning, it It is to divide self collapsing levee dam subregion with the easy sand surfing stone soil of non-sticky of control cohesive soil content by " blown sands mechanism ", using drawing punching pin Dykes and dams height divides primary and secondary dykes and dams subregion, divides female sandstone by the oblique line upstream and downstream at inclination angle of the easy sand surfing stone soil internal friction angle of non-sticky Dyke (dam) and the easy sand surfing stone earth embankment Ba Qu of female non-sticky are non-using dyke (dam) scour hole depth horizontal bar denominator sandstone dyke (dam) and mother Sticky easily sand surfing stone earth embankment dam differentiation area, washes in a pan base self collapsing levee dam type formula in conjunction with cross flow and determines that base self collapsing levee dam zoning is washed in a pan in cross flow, " the blown sands mechanism ", it is that flow rate of water flow is more than sandstone start velocity, and sandstone will be flown away by punching；The critical dykes and dams are traced to the source Erosion damage weir headwater depth HdIf wider dykes and dams top is channel flow using formula (1), formula (2) simultaneous solution HdIf dykes and dams top It is weir flow using formula (2), formula (3) simultaneous solution Hd, the critical dykes and dams top incision erosion damage weir headwater depth Hu, using (4), (5) simultaneous solution Hu, the critical not erosion damage weir headwater depth Hn, using (6), (7) simultaneous solution Hn, differential diUsing public affairs Formula (8), cross flow wash in a pan base self collapsing levee dam zoning and use formula (9), (10), (11), if dykes and dams are shorter to use non-uniform flow Inquire into slope foot flow velocity,
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11)
In formula: hi、vi、hi+1、vi+1- respectively represent the dykes and dams top stream upstream and downstream section depth of water (m) of section, flow velocity (m/s), in it is initial hi+1Using critical depth of water hk；△l,il- respectively represent dykes and dams top stream segment length (m), dykes and dams top Parallel to the flow direction longitudinal slope； J— Represent the average hydraulic gradient on dykes and dams top；Vd- represent slope surface initial velocity in downstream at the dykes and dams level of tail water；N, R, i-generation respectively Table dykes and dams downstream slope surface roughness, hydraulic radius (m), longitudinal slope；Q, ε, m, σ, B-respectively represent dykes and dams top flow (m3/ s), side receive Contracting coefficient, discharge coefficient, to flood coefficient, cross flow wide (m)；G-represents acceleration of gravity (m/s2)；α-represents velocity flow profile system Number；v0- represent velocity of approach (m/s)； Vu- represent dykes and dams top parting hard surface, sandstone dam body, dykes and dams clay cut-off wall Dynamic flow velocity (m/s)；Vn- represent dykes and dams clay cut-off wall or sandstone dam body non-scouring velocity (m/s)； di- i-stage is differential, m； Hd- critical dykes and dams headcut scour destroys weir headwater depth, m；Ai- water level rise rate and dykes and dams burst speed and engineering order because The self collapsing levee dams or self collapsing levee dam at different levels of element and dike dam heightening；He- represent and draw punching pin dykes and dams height, m；Hu- represent critical dykes and dams Push up incision erosion damage weir headwater depth, m；As- represent sub- dam heightening, m；β-mother's sandstone dyke (dam) and the easy sand surfing of female non-sticky The inclination angle in stone earth embankment dam area upstream and downstream line of demarcation,；The easy sand surfing stone earth embankment dam internal friction angle of φ-mother's non-sticky,；T-mother's sandstone Dyke (dam) and the easy sand surfing stone earth embankment dam area horizontal dividing lines of female non-sticky female sandstone dyke (dam) scour hole depth below, m；K-punching Cheat coefficient；The critical dykes and dams headcut scour of q-destroys discharge per unit width, m3/s.m；Z-water levels of upstream and downstream is poor, m；ht- downstream water depth, m；
The unrestrained water dykes and dams burst be broken to because coupling destroy dynamical evolution, be typical case, cross flow dykes and dams with unrestrained water Clay Microstructure It is open channel uniform flow erosion damage that erosion damage, which takes place, in downstream slope, and corresponding weir headwater depth is broken for critical dykes and dams headcut scour Bad weir headwater depth HdHeadcut scour destroy initial phase；Washing away makes dam base dam slope steepening, formed open channel nonuniform flow by Grade precipitation fluidised form level erosion damage overflows the water dam base gradient greater than after sandy soil internal friction angle, and sand earth embankment dam body generates Inclination angle is that the straight line landslide of sandy soil internal friction angle is destroyed, and dykes and dams slope surface is transferred, and turning point differentiation occurs in dykes and dams slope surface For down stream erosion damage, dykes and dams are higher, and down stream headcut scour is faster；When slope straight line landslide in unrestrained water dykes and dams downstream extends to dykes and dams top Under hard surface, hard surface forms cantilever down stream erosion damage, and scour hard surface is basic, and the cantilever in Clay Microstructure downstream is hard Change road surface and moment of flexure stress rupture and local shedding occurs in the case where self weight, water recast are used, develops as Clay Microstructure cantilever down stream, seeping It generates the Circular Slip peeled off layer by layer under saturating pressure, Gravitative Loads to destroy, in the case where washing away landslide coupling and destroying, cross flow dykes and dams are viscous Native sloping core is thinning and seepage erosion occurs and empties roadbed, and hard surface occurs to collapse broken under self weight, water weight, dynamic water souring It is bad, i.e., unrestrained water dykes and dams crevasse initial phase；When unrestrained water dykes and dams Clay Microstructure top loses hard surface scour protection, water dykes and dams are overflow Incision erosion damage occurs for Clay Microstructure, and the big incision of top unsaturation consolidated clay anti-impact flow velocity is slow, bottom seepage flow saturation consolidation Clay anti-impact flow velocity is small and the big incision of flow velocity is fast, and it is oblique that Clay Microstructure overflows water dykes and dams clay under self weight, water pressure, soil pressure effect The stress rupture that wall cantilever occurs fracture or topples, top unsaturation consolidated clay cohesiveness, internal friction angle are big, tension stress Greatly, it is slow that stress rupture occurs, bottom unsaturation consolidated clay generation stress rupture is fast, and the crevasse depth of water increases, crevasse Clay Microstructure Quick incision erosion damage just forms unrestrained water dykes and dams and bursts the stage, under the conditions of critical dykes and dams headcut scour destroys weir headwater depth, Unrestrained water dykes and dams crevasse initial phase evolution is a slow process, and it is more lower slower to overflow water dykes and dams；Facing in dykes and dams weir headwater depth Boundary dykes and dams top incision erosion damage weir headwater depth HuUnder the conditions of, dykes and dams top downstream parting hard surface occur first destroy and on Prolong, unrestrained water dykes and dams Clay Microstructure loses scour protection and incision erosion damage occurs, and forms unrestrained water dykes and dams crevasse initial phase, simultaneously Downstream slope occurs headcut scour and destroys, and is just quickly evolved to unrestrained water dykes and dams and bursts the stage；When dykes and dams weir headwater depth reach it is critical not Erosion damage weir headwater depth Hn, dykes and dams crevasse lateral incision is slow, forms the unrestrained water dykes and dams crevasse stabilization sub stage；Relatively narrow jet-bedding formula of drawing is burst certainly Dykes and dams are the affixed statically indeterminate structures in three faces, and cohesiveness, the internal friction angle of top unsaturation consolidated clay are larger, fracture, The stress rupture to topple is slow, and cohesiveness, the internal friction angle that bottom is saturated consolidated clay are smaller, fractures, the stress that topples is broken It is bad fast；The cross flow of cantilever design washes in a pan base self collapsing levee Ba Zikuidiba and obtains A using top local section model testi、As。
3. base self collapsing levee dam geotechnique's woven fabric very floodway is washed in a pan in cross flow according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the cross flow Washing in a pan Ji Zikuidiba (1), it includes that base self collapsing levee dam is washed in a pan in cross flow, cross flow washes in a pan base and draws and rush self collapsing levee dam；The cross flow washes in a pan base certainly Inrush dam, including following form: base self collapsing levee dam (1-a) is washed in a pan in Clay Microstructure cross flow, it includes geomembrane water distribution tiling lid (1- 4-a) upstream end connects geotechnological woven fabric very floodway (2), and the geomembrane water distribution tiling lid downstream (1-4-a) connexon clay is oblique The bottom surface wall (1-1-a), the geomembrane water distribution tiling lid bottom surface (1-4-a) connect the easy sand surfing stone earth embankment dam body (1-3-a) of female non-sticky, The easy sand surfing stone earth embankment dam body bottom surface (1-3-a) of mother's non-sticky connects geotechnological woven fabric very floodway (2), female non-sticky and easily rushes The easy sand surfing stone earth embankment dam body (1-2-a) of the top surface sandstone earth embankment dam body (1-3-a) connexon non-sticky；Base is washed in a pan in clay core wall cross flow Self collapsing levee dam (1-b), it successively includes sub- clay core wall (1-1-b), the easy sand surfing stone earth embankment dam body (1-2-b) of sub- non-sticky, mother The easy sand surfing stone earth embankment dam body (1-3-b) of non-sticky, geomembrane water distribution tiling lid (1-4-b)；Sloping core cross flow washes in a pan base certainly under clay Inrush dam (1-c), it successively includes the easy sand surfing stone earth embankment dam body (1-2-c) of sloping core (1-1-c), sub- non-sticky under sub- clay, mother The easy sand surfing stone earth embankment dam body (1-3-c) of non-sticky, geomembrane water distribution tiling lid (1-4-c)；Geomembrane cloth bag impervious body cross flow is washed in a pan Base self collapsing levee dam (1-d), it successively includes sub- geomembrane cloth bag impervious body (1-1-d), the soil body (1-5-D), son are non-stick in bag Property easy sand surfing stone earth embankment dam body (1-2-d), the easy sand surfing stone earth embankment dam body (1-3-d) of female non-sticky, geomembrane water distribution tiling lid (1- 4-d), sub- geomembrane cloth bag impervious body (1-1-d) the upstream base angle connection geomembrane water distribution tiling lid (1-4-d), son geotechnique Film cloth bag impervious body (1-1-d) fills out the soil body in bag (1-1-D)；The naughty base of the cross flow, which draws, rushes self collapsing levee dam, it includes following form: The naughty base of Clay Microstructure cross flow, which draws, rushes self collapsing levee dam (1-e), it successively includes sub- Clay Microstructure (1-1-e), the easy sand surfing of sub- non-sticky Stone earth embankment dam body (1-2-e), female Clay Microstructure (1-3-e), female sandstone dyke (dam) (1-4-e), the easy sand surfing stone earth embankment of female non-sticky Ba Qu (1-4-E), forbidden lamella geomembrane water distribution tiling lid (1-5-e), sandy soil protective layer (1-6-e), parting hard surface (1-7- E), the forbidden lamella geomembrane water distribution tiling lid (1-5-e), its longitudinal joint is that downstream geomembrane cloth is overlapped on upstream geomembrane against the current On cloth；Clay core wall cross flow washes in a pan base and draws and rushes self collapsing levee dam (1-f), it successively includes that sub- clay core wall (1-1-f), sub- non-sticky are easy Sand surfing stone earth embankment dam body (1-2-f), female clay core wall (1-3-f), female sandstone dyke (dam) (1-4-f), the easy sand surfing stone of female non-sticky Earth embankment Ba Qu (1-4-F), forbidden lamella geomembrane water distribution tiling lid (1-5-f), sandy soil protective layer (1-6-f), parting hard surface (1- 7-f)；Sloping core cross flow washes in a pan base and draws and rushes self collapsing levee dam (1-g) under clay, it successively includes that sloping core (1-1-g) under sub- clay, son are non-stick Property easy sand surfing stone earth embankment dam body (1-2-g), female Clay Microstructure (1-3-g), female sandstone dyke (dam) (1-4-g), female non-sticky easily rush Sandstone earth embankment Ba Qu (1-4-G), forbidden lamella geomembrane water distribution tiling lid (1-5-g), sandy soil protective layer (1-6-g), parting harden road Face (1-7-g)；The naughty base lamination small dike dam of geomembrane cloth bag impervious body cross flow, which draws, rushes self collapsing levee dam (1-h), it successively includes sub- soil The easy sand surfing stone earth embankment dam body (1-2-h) of the soil body (1-1-H), the sub- non-sticky of lamination, mother in work film cloth bag impervious body (1-1-h), bag Clay Microstructure (1-3-h), female sandstone dyke (dam) (1-4-h), the easy sand surfing stone earth embankment Ba Qu (1-4-H) of female non-sticky, forbidden lamella geotechnique Film water distribution tiling lid (1-5-h), parting hard surface (1-6-h)；Using drawing the easy sand surfing stone earth embankment of high, the female non-sticky of punching pin dykes and dams Dam area internal friction angle, female sandstone dyke (dam) scour hole depth divide self collapsing levee dam subregion.
4. base self collapsing levee dam geotechnique's woven fabric very floodway is washed in a pan in cross flow according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the geotechnique Woven fabric very floodway (2), it included that the water and soil dykes and dams top surface (2-1) connects geotechnological woven fabric mask, geotechnique's woven fabric mask Top surface connects soil body protective layer (2-4), geotechnological woven fabric mask it include geotechnological woven fabric river bottom protection (2-2), geotechnological woven fabric slope protection (2- 3), the geotechnological woven fabric mask it be made of multiple fish scale shape units, fish scale shape unit encrypts arrangement, soil in the high region of flow velocity Work woven fabric mask includes following form, and by taking two neighboring fish scale shape unit as an example, geotechnological woven fabric fish scale shape mask (II-a), it is wrapped Including upstream fish scale shape unit (II-A-a), stream rides over downstream fish scale shape unit (II-B-a) above downstream, the fish scale shape unit, It includes banketing body (II -3-a) in trapezoidal geotechnological woven fabric closing threading (II -1-a), and trapezoidal geotechnique's woven fabric closes threading (II -1- A) downstream connects geotechnological woven fabric flap (II -2-a), and stream is overlapped on downstream to geotechnique's woven fabric flap (II -2-a) downstream The threading downstream of fish scale shape unit (II-B-a), geotechnological woven fabric flap (II -2-a) end connecting rod line (II -4-a), institute State the permeable connection downstream fish scale shape unit (II-B-a) of bar line (II -4-a) above；Geotechnological woven fabric threading without squama mask (II-b), It includes upstream without the squama unit downstream (II-A-b) connection downstream without the upstream end squama unit (II-B-b), the no squama unit, It successively includes trapezoidal geotechnological woven fabric closing threading (II -1-b), geotechnological woven fabric without scale (II -2-b), the soil body (II -3-b)；It is mixed Concrete board first geotechnique's woven fabric mask (II-c), it includes the chemical fiber rope top surface (II -4-c) connection chemical fiber rope system precast slab first Piece (II -5-c), the chemical fiber rope bottom surface (II -4-c) connect geotechnological woven fabric threading without squama mask (II-b)；Chemical fibre netting loose stone first Geotechnological woven fabric mask (II-d), it includes the chemical fiber rope top surface (II -4-d) connection chemical fibre netting loose stone (II -5-d), chemical fiber rope The bottom surface (II -4-d) connects geotechnological woven fabric threading without squama mask (II-b)；Beams of concrete stake fish scale shape mask (II-e), it includes Beams of concrete (II -1-e), geotechnological woven fabric flap (II -2-e), concrete-pile (II -3-e), bar line (II -4-e), soil matrix (II -5-e), the concrete-pile (II -3-e) squeeze into soil matrix (II -5-e)；L shape geotechnique's woven fabric threading geotechnique's woven fabric fish scale shape shield Face (II-f), it includes banketing body (II -3-f) in open type L shape geotechnique's woven fabric threading (II -1-f), and open type L shape geotechnique knits The cloth threading top (II -1-f) connects geotechnological upstream end woven fabric flap (II -2-f)；Geotechnique's woven fabric flap, it includes Single layer geotechnique woven fabric, disjunctor geotechnique's woven fabric mould bag (II-g), prefabricated geotechnological woven fabric mould bag (II-h), the disjunctor geotechnique woven fabric mould Bag (II-g), it includes that n sewing line (II -3-g) connects first geotechnological woven fabric (II -1-g), second geotechnological woven fabric (II - N-1 mould bag 2-g) is constituted, is banketed (II -4-g) in the mould bag, geotechnological woven fabric mould bag length direction flow arrangement downstream；It is described Prefabricated geotechnique's woven fabric mould bag (II-h), it includes the prefabricated geotechnological woven fabric bag of connection sewing line (II -5-h) connection sealing, described close Sealing prefabricated geotechnological woven fabric bag successively includes first geotechnological woven fabric (II -1-h), second geotechnological woven fabric (II -2-h), sealing seam The soil body (II -4-h) in line (II -3-h) processed, bag, seals prefabricated geotechnique and knits cloth bag length direction flow arrangement downstream.
CN201810944216.1A 2018-08-18 2018-08-18 Base self collapsing levee dam geotechnique's woven fabric very floodway is washed in a pan in cross flow Pending CN109024476A (en)

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CN113430962A (en) * 2021-06-29 2021-09-24 四川大学 Self-bursting type water passing bridge culvert suitable for area where mountain torrents are easy to occur
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CN110823027A (en) * 2019-10-12 2020-02-21 南昌大学 A kind of flood control blasting opening structure of embankment and its setting method
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CN116522435A (en) * 2023-03-21 2023-08-01 浙江省水利河口研究院(浙江省海洋规划设计研究院) Water-spreading dike arrangement method based on hierarchical fortification
CN116522435B (en) * 2023-03-21 2024-03-26 浙江省水利河口研究院(浙江省海洋规划设计研究院) Water-spreading dike arrangement method based on hierarchical fortification

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Application publication date: 20181218