CN109005969B - Method for cutting podocarpus macrophyllus in summer - Google Patents
Method for cutting podocarpus macrophyllus in summer Download PDFInfo
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- CN109005969B CN109005969B CN201810838443.6A CN201810838443A CN109005969B CN 109005969 B CN109005969 B CN 109005969B CN 201810838443 A CN201810838443 A CN 201810838443A CN 109005969 B CN109005969 B CN 109005969B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation
Abstract
A method for cutting Japanese podocarpus herb in summer comprises the following steps: constructing a nursery greenhouse; treating a soil matrix: the seedbed soil used for the cuttage of the nutrition pots needs to be exposed for 48 hours in summer for sterilization treatment by utilizing the high temperature in summer, and the soil needs to be turned over for 1-2 times during the exposure period; the insolated soil is screened by a sieve of 4mm and then is filled into a nutrition pot; fertilizing: when the soil is loaded into a nutrition pot, 2.5-4g of pure N and P are applied to each kilogram of soil2O5 2.0‑5g，K2Fertilizing at the proportion of O2.0-3.5 g, uniformly mixing with soil and loading into a pot; collecting cutting shoots; refrigerating and moisturizing; rooting; cutting; performing later-period management; and (5) outplanting. According to the method, the seedbed soil is subjected to sterilization and disinfection treatment by insolation at high temperature in summer, and base fertilizer is applied, so that the problem that the seedling cultivation and planting technology of the podocarpus macrophyllus is limited by seasons is well solved, the cuttage technology of the podocarpus macrophyllus is innovated under the high-temperature condition in summer, and the cuttage survival rate of the podocarpus macrophyllus is up to 82% or more.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for cuttage of podocarpus macrophyllus in summer, and belongs to the technical field of forest planting.
Background
The Japanese pine is a kind of pine, also named as Japanese cedar, Changqing Japanese cedar, China fir, golden pine, Xianbai, Japanese cedar and Jiangnan cypress, is evergreen arbor, can be as high as 18 m, usually trimmed to keep low and short, leaves are grown, arranged in a spiral shape, also divided into male and female, the seed tray is larger than the seed, the seed tray is mature and red, and the seed tray is added with green seed, looks like an optical head and wears red monkshood, so the Japanese pine is named as Japanese pine. The arhat pine is produced in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong and other provinces, and is cultivated in all the provinces of the south of the Yangtze river. The potted Arhat pine has high value because of its ornamental value and its timber for building, medicine and carving.
The podocarpus macrophyllus is a semi-positive tree species and grows well in a semi-negative environment. The propagation is carried out by seeding and cutting. Among them, the cutting method is generally carried out in spring and autumn, and the cutting is generally considered to be not suitable in summer in high-temperature seasons. As the Arhat pine is a slow-growing tree species, the existing quantity can not meet the requirements of yard greening and high-grade residential landscape, and particularly, the large-specification Arhat pine with beautiful shape is difficult to request. Therefore, it is very important to explore the cutting survival technology of the podocarpus macrophyllus in different seasons.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of the prior art, the invention provides a method for cutting podocarpus macrophyllus in summer, which utilizes high temperature in summer to perform sterilization and disinfection treatment on seedbed soil exposed to the sun, applies base fertilizer, solves the problem that the podocarpus macrophyllus seedling raising and planting technology is limited by seasons, and creates the cutting technology of the podocarpus macrophyllus in high temperature seasons in summer.
The problems stated by the invention are solved by the following technical scheme:
a method for cutting Japanese podocarpus herb in summer comprises the following steps:
a. constructing a nursery greenhouse: building a nursery and a shading greenhouse before cuttage of the podocarpus macrophyllus; selecting sandy loam with good drainage as a nursery, deeply ploughing the soil of the nursery to construct strip platforms with the length of 7-10m, the height of 8-12cm, the width of the upper bottom of 60-80cm and the width of the lower bottom of 70-90cm, and using furrow with the interval of 5-10cm between the strip platforms for drainage; the height of a plastic greenhouse built outside the nursery is 3.2-3.5m, and ventilation and shading are ensured;
b. treating a soil matrix: the seedbed soil used for the cuttage of the nutrition pots needs to be exposed for 48 hours in summer for sterilization treatment by utilizing the high temperature in summer, and the soil needs to be turned over for 1-2 times during the exposure period; the insolated soil is screened by a sieve with the aperture of 4mm and then is filled into a nutrition pot; the depth of the nutrition pot is more than 25cm, the upper caliber is more than 28cm, and the bottom is provided with a water outlet; the soil loading amount of each pot is 5-10kg, the upper edge of the nutrition pot is 5-7cm away from the surface layer of the matrix soil, and after the nutrition pot is loaded, the soil is compacted and is watered thoroughly;
c. fertilizing: when the soil is loaded into a nutrition pot, 2.5-4g of pure N and P are applied to each kilogram of soil2O5 2.0-5g，K2Fertilizing at the proportion of O2.0-3.5 g, uniformly mixing with soil, loading into a pot, and burying 0.5-1kg of humus in the center of the nutrition pot;
d. collecting cutting shoots: selecting a robust grown adult podocarpus macrophyllus plant in summer, selecting a tender branch at the tail end of a crown branch which is disease-free and well-growing and has at least 8-15 leaves, and cutting the branch into cutting slips with the length of 10-18 cm;
e. refrigerating and moisturizing: immediately putting the cut cutting slips into a No. 11 plastic self-sealing bag filled with clear water, sealing the bag, and putting the bag into a prepared finishing box added with ice blocks; when the treatment cannot be carried out immediately, the mixture is put into a refrigerator at 4 ℃ for refrigeration; ice blocks need to be placed in the storage box during carrying or transportation, and the branch leaves are kept from being damaged by extrusion;
f. rooting: the rooting powder is prepared by the following steps: water is 2-2.5: 1000, soaking the lower part of the cutting in a rooting powder solution for 8-10 hours, wherein the length of the lower part of the cutting is 5-8 cm;
g. cuttage: after the soil is soaked in water, cutting the podocarpus macrophyllus cutting slips into the soil of a nutrition pot for 5-8cm within 1-2h, exposing the top ends of the cutting slips to the ground for 5-10cm after cutting, and keeping 6-10 blades of the cutting slips exposed on the surface of the soil;
h. and (4) post management: placing the well-cotted podocarpus macrophyllus nutrition pot on nursery strip table soil in a shady greenhouse so as to exchange water and nutrients with the soil, placing the nutrition pot on a partition shelf in a non-hanging manner, keeping the water content of the nursery soil to be 22-26%, watering once every 1 day, and watering for 9 am: 00-10: 00; watering every 2 days after 6 weeks of cuttage; after autumn equinox-before the next year of grain rain, water is poured every 4 days; watering once every 3 days after the grain rain along with the rising of the air temperature;
i. and (4) outplanting: after the cuttings survive, new buds grow at the top ends of the cutting slips of the podocarpus macrophyllus in the spring of the next year in 3-4 months, and the buds grow into tillers quickly; after the cutting survival period is 2 years, the main stem can grow to more than 30-40cm, the number of the tillers reaches 6-9, and the cutting can be outplanted for afforestation.
In the method for cuttage of the podocarpus macrophyllus in summer, in the step a, cobblestones with the diameter of 5-7cm are scattered on the surface of the nursery soil.
In the method for cuttage of podocarpus macrophyllus in summer, in the step f, the rooting powder component contains indole, naphthylacetic acid and 2, 4 nitre auxiliary agent.
In the method for cuttage of the podocarpus macrophyllus in summer, in the step h, the watering amount of each time is ensured to soak the soil layer by 8-12 cm.
The invention discloses a method for cutting podocarpus macrophyllus in summer aiming at the growth characteristics of the podocarpus macrophyllus. According to the method, sandy soil with good water drainage is selected as a nursery land, deep ploughing and fine cropping are carried out on seedbed soil, the seedbed soil is subjected to sterilization and disinfection treatment by insolation at high temperature in summer, and base fertilizer is applied, so that the requirement condition of cuttage podocarpus macrophyllus on the physicochemical properties of the matrix soil is met. The method solves the problem that the seedling raising and planting technology of the podocarpus macrophyllus is limited by seasons, innovatively adopts the cutting technology of the podocarpus macrophyllus under the high-temperature condition in summer, the cutting survival rate of the podocarpus macrophyllus reaches 82% or more, new buds grow at the top of the cutting slips of the podocarpus macrophyllus after 3 months next year, and the podocarpus macrophyllus grows at the speed of 1 cm/month and 2.5-3 leaves/month.
Detailed Description
Several embodiments of the invention are provided below:
the following example is an example of the application of the method of the present invention to a university student's scientific park in the belly of the wuling mountain. The area is located in the Guizhou province copper kernel city and belongs to a karst landform development typical area. The climate belongs to a subtropical monsoon humid climate region, and the climate characteristics are mainly shown in that the monsoon climate is obvious and the vertical difference of the climate is obvious. The annual sunshine duration is 1044.7-1266.2h, the annual average temperature is 13.5-17.6 ℃, the daily average temperature is more than 10 ℃, the initial date is at the beginning of 3 late months, the final date is at the beginning of 11 late months, the interval is 250d, and the accumulated temperature is 5300 ℃. The average annual precipitation amount is 1110-1410mm, the frost-free period is 275-317d, the heat is abundant, the illumination is proper, and the precipitation is abundant. When the podocarpus macrophyllus is cut, the physicochemical properties of the matrix soil meet the nutritional requirements of the podocarpus macrophyllus by applying the base fertilizer, as shown in table 1.
Table 1. matrix soil physical and chemical properties of cutting podocarpus macrophyllus satisfy the following conditions
| pH | Nitrate nitrogen (mg/kg) | Ammonium nitrogen (mg/kg) | Total nitrogen (g/kg) | Organic matter (%) | Available phosphorus (mg/kg) | Effective potassium (mg/kg) |
| 3.85-4.7 | 11-26.2 | 5.52-22.1 | 3.2-6.9 | 8.23-17 | 9.5-18 | 105-150 |
Example 1
The method for cutting the podocarpus macrophyllus in summer comprises the following steps: constructing a nursery greenhouse: building a nursery and a shading greenhouse before cuttage of the podocarpus macrophyllus; selecting sandy loam with good water drainage as a nursery, deeply ploughing the soil of the nursery to construct strip platforms with the length of 7-10m, the height of 8-12cm, the width of the upper bottom of 60-80cm and the width of the lower bottom of 70-90cm, wherein furrows with the interval of 5-10cm are used for draining water, and small cobblestones with the diameter of 5-7cm are covered on the surface of the soil of the nursery to drain water and reduce water evaporation; the height of a plastic greenhouse built outside the nursery is 3.2-3.5m, and ventilation and shading are ensured;
treating a soil matrix: the seedbed soil used for the cuttage of the nutrition pots needs to be exposed for 48 hours in summer for sterilization treatment by utilizing the high temperature in summer, and the soil needs to be turned over for 1-2 times during the exposure period; the insolated soil is screened by a sieve with the aperture of 4mm and then is filled into a nutrition pot; the depth of the nutrition pot is more than 25cm, the upper caliber is more than 28cm, and the bottom is provided with a water outlet; the soil loading amount of each pot is 5-10kg, the upper edge of the nutrition pot is 5-7cm away from the surface layer of the matrix soil, and after the nutrition pot is loaded, the soil is compacted and is watered thoroughly;
fertilizing: when the soil is loaded into a nutrition pot, 2.5g of pure N and P are applied to each kilogram of soil2O5 2.0g，K2Fertilizing at the proportion of O2.0 g, uniformly mixing the fertilizer with soil, loading the fertilizer into a pot, and burying 0.5kg of humus soil in the center of the nutrition pot;
collecting cutting shoots: selecting a robust grown adult podocarpus macrophyllus plant in summer, selecting a tender branch at the tail end of a crown branch which is disease-free and well-growing and has at least 8-15 leaves, and cutting the branch into cutting slips with the length of 10-18 cm; refrigerating and moisturizing: immediately putting the cut cutting slips into a No. 11 plastic self-sealing bag filled with clear water, sealing the bag, and putting the bag into a prepared finishing box added with ice blocks; when the treatment cannot be carried out immediately, the mixture is put into a refrigerator at 4 ℃ for refrigeration; ice blocks need to be placed in the storage box during carrying or transportation, and the branch leaves are kept from being damaged by extrusion;
rooting: the green Dior rooting powder is prepared by the following steps: water is 2-2.5: 1000, soaking the lower part of the cutting in a 'Green Dior' rooting powder solution for 8-10h, wherein the 'Green Dior' rooting powder mainly comprises indole, naphthylacetic acid and 2, 4 nitre auxiliary agent;
cuttage: after the soil is soaked in water, cutting the podocarpus macrophyllus cutting slips into the soil of a nutrition pot for 5-8cm within 1-2h, exposing the top ends of the cutting slips to the ground for 5-10cm after cutting, and keeping 6-10 blades of the cutting slips exposed on the surface of the soil;
and (4) post management: placing the well-cotted podocarpus macrophyllus nutrition pot on nursery strip table soil in a shady greenhouse so as to exchange water and nutrients with the soil, placing the nutrition pot on a partition shelf in a non-hanging manner, keeping the water content of the nursery soil to be 22-26%, watering once every 1 day, and watering for 9 am: 00-10: 00; watering every 2 days after 6 weeks of cuttage; after autumn equinox-before the next year of grain rain, water is poured every 4 days; watering once every 3 days after the grain rain along with the rise of the air temperature, wherein the watering amount of each time ensures that the soil layer is soaked by 8-12 cm;
and (4) outplanting: after the cuttings survive, new buds grow at the top ends of the cutting slips of the podocarpus macrophyllus in the spring of the next year in 3-4 months, and the buds grow into tillers quickly; after the cutting survival period is 2 years, the main stem can grow to more than 30-40cm, the number of the tillers reaches 6-9, and the cutting can be outplanted for afforestation.
Example 2
Fertilizing: when the soil is loaded into a nutrition pot, pure N4 g and P are applied to each kilogram of soil2O5 5g，K2Fertilizing with the proportion of O3.5 g, mixing the fertilizer with soil, loading the mixture into a pot, burying 0.5kg of humus soil in the center of the nutrition pot, and performing the same other steps as the example 1.
Example 3
Fertilizing: when the soil is loaded into a nutrition pot, 3.0g of pure N and P are applied to each kilogram of soil2O53.0g，K2Fertilizing with the proportion of O3.0 g, mixing the fertilizer with soil, loading the mixture into a pot, burying 0.5kg of humus in the center of the nutrition pot, and performing the same other steps as the example 1.
Example 4
Fertilizing: when the soil is loaded into a nutrition pot, 3.5g of pure N and P are applied to each kilogram of soil2O54.0g，K2Fertilizing with the proportion of O3.0 g, mixing the fertilizer with soil, loading the mixture into a pot, burying 0.5kg of humus in the center of the nutrition pot, and performing the same other steps as the example 1.
Claims (2)
1. A method for cuttage of podocarpus macrophyllus in summer is characterized in that cuttage of the podocarpus macrophyllus is carried out in summer, and the method comprises the following steps:
a. constructing a nursery greenhouse: building a nursery and a shading greenhouse before cuttage of the podocarpus macrophyllus; selecting sandy loam with good drainage as a nursery, deeply ploughing the soil of the nursery to construct strip platforms with the length of 7-10m, the height of 8-12cm, the width of the upper bottom of 60-80cm and the width of the lower bottom of 70-90cm, and using furrow with the interval of 5-10cm between the strip platforms for drainage; the height of a plastic greenhouse built outside the nursery is 3.2-3.5m, and ventilation and shading are ensured; sporadically covering small cobblestones with the diameter of 5-7cm on the surface of the nursery soil;
b. treating a soil matrix: the seedbed soil used for nutrition pot cuttage is subjected to sterilization treatment for 48 hours in summer by utilizing the high temperature in summer, and the soil needs to be turned over for 1-2 times during the insolation period; the insolated soil is screened by a sieve with the aperture of 4mm and then is filled into a nutrition pot; the depth of the nutrition pot is more than 25cm, the upper caliber is more than 28cm, and the bottom is provided with a water outlet; the soil loading amount of each pot is 5-10kg, the upper edge of the nutrition pot is 5-7cm away from the surface layer of the matrix soil, and after the nutrition pot is loaded, the soil is compacted and is watered thoroughly;
c. fertilizing: when the soil is loaded into a nutrition pot, 2.5-4g of pure N and P are applied to each kilogram of soil2O5 2.0-5g，K2Fertilizing at the proportion of O2.0-3.5 g, uniformly mixing with soil, loading into a pot, and burying 0.5kg of humus in the center of the nutrition pot;
d. collecting cutting shoots: selecting a robust grown adult Japanese cypress plant in summer, selecting a tender branch at the tail end of a crown branch which is disease-free and well-grown and has at least 8 leaves, and cutting the branch into a cutting shoot with the length of 10-18 cm;
e. refrigerating and moisturizing: immediately putting the cut cutting slips into a No. 11 plastic self-sealing bag filled with clear water, sealing the bag, and putting the bag into a prepared finishing box added with ice blocks; when the treatment cannot be carried out immediately, the mixture is put into a refrigerator at 4 ℃ for refrigeration; ice blocks need to be placed in the storage box during transportation, and the branch leaves are kept from being damaged by extrusion;
f. rooting: the rooting powder is prepared by the following steps: water is 2-2.5: 1000, soaking the lower part of the cutting slips 5-8cm in the rooting powder solution for 8-10 h;
g. cuttage: after the soil is soaked in water, cutting the podocarpus macrophyllus cutting slips into the soil of a nutrition pot for 5-8cm within 1-2h, exposing the top ends of the cutting slips to the ground for 5-10cm after cutting, and keeping 6-10 blades of the cutting slips exposed on the surface of the soil;
h. and (4) post management: placing the well-cotted podocarpus macrophyllus nutrition pot on nursery strip table soil in a shady greenhouse so as to exchange water and nutrients with the soil, placing the nutrition pot on a partition shelf in a non-hanging manner, keeping the water content of the nursery soil at 20-22%, watering once every 1 day, and watering for 9 am: 00-10: 00; watering every 2 days after 6 weeks of cuttage; after autumn equinox-before the next year of grain rain, water is poured every 4 days; watering once every 3 days after the grain rain along with the rising of the air temperature;
i. and (4) outplanting: after the cutting shoots survive, new buds grow at the top ends of the cutting shoots of the podocarpus macrophyllus in the spring of the next year in 3-4 months and quickly grow into tillers; after the cutting shoots survive for 2 years, the main stems can grow to be more than 30-40cm, the number of the tillers reaches 6-9, and the cutting shoots are outplanted for forestation.
2. The method for summer cuttage of podocarpus macrophyllus according to claim 1, wherein: in the step h, the watering amount of each time is ensured to be 8-12cm through the soil layer.
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