CN108988884B - High-bandwidth large-dynamic-range equivalent sampling receiver - Google Patents
High-bandwidth large-dynamic-range equivalent sampling receiver Download PDFInfo
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- CN108988884B CN108988884B CN201810991507.6A CN201810991507A CN108988884B CN 108988884 B CN108988884 B CN 108988884B CN 201810991507 A CN201810991507 A CN 201810991507A CN 108988884 B CN108988884 B CN 108988884B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/06—Receivers
- H04B1/10—Means associated with receiver for limiting or suppressing noise or interference
- H04B1/12—Neutralising, balancing, or compensation arrangements
- H04B1/123—Neutralising, balancing, or compensation arrangements using adaptive balancing or compensation means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/06—Receivers
- H04B1/16—Circuits
Abstract
A high bandwidth large dynamic range equivalent sampling receiver, comprising: the switch module is used for controlling whether the radio frequency signal can enter the equivalent sampling receiver or not; a gain module located downstream of the switch module; the sampling module is used for sampling the radio frequency signal passing through the gain module and outputting a sampling signal; and a signal processing module for post-processing the sampled signal, wherein the gain module comprises: the time-varying gain module is used for performing variable gain control on the radio-frequency signal after passing through the switch under the setting of a time-varying gain value so as to realize dynamic gain adjustment; and the fixed gain module is positioned at the downstream of the time-varying gain module and is used for carrying out fixed gain amplification on the radio frequency signal. The invention can increase the dynamic range of the equivalent sampling receiver on the premise of ensuring high bandwidth.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of radar reception, in particular to an equivalent sampling receiver for a radar.
Background
The ultra-wideband technology is a radar detection technology with good resolution and penetration depth, and can carry out non-invasive detection and imaging on hidden underground targets or moving targets behind walls. The receiver is typically designed by adopting a sampling gate structure circuit, a time domain sampling stepping pulse circuit and a post-sampling conditioning circuit to realize the conversion from a radio frequency signal to an audio signal, thereby reducing the requirement on an analog-to-digital converter and the design difficulty of the receiver. The receivers are all realized by adopting an equivalent sampling method, and the defects are that the dynamic range of a sampling gate is difficult to increase, and the bandwidth is difficult to realize.
In order to expand the dynamic range, the current equivalent sampling receiver places time-varying amplification or program-controlled amplification behind an audio signal, namely, performs one-stage or even two-stage time-varying gain amplification at a position behind a sampling gate, and although the design can improve a certain dynamic range, the design is finally restricted by the dynamic range of the sampling gate; the dynamic range of the sampling gate under the ultra-wideband condition basically does not exceed 60dB, and the typical design mode cannot meet the requirements of reaching a higher dynamic range and obtaining more deep echo information. Meanwhile, the dynamic range of the ultra-wideband radar receiver designed by adopting a typical sampling gate is not high, the effect of realizing deep detection of the receiver is influenced, and the ultra-wideband radar receiver is particularly applied to ultra-deep detection. In addition, in deep space exploration applications, the radar antenna cannot be close to the ground (for example, the antenna is mounted on a vehicle body of a patrol instrument and a detector platform), so that attenuation of a transmitted signal and direct wave coupling are aggravated, and the performance of a receiver is further influenced.
In some equivalent sampling oscilloscopes in the prior art, a preposed amplifier and an attenuator are also considered to be adopted to control signals and improve the dynamic range, so that the limitation caused by the stage of a sampling gate is avoided, but the method is only set from the angle of signal conditioning, asynchronous measurement is met, and the system does not need to be synchronous. The ultra-wideband radar cannot adopt the setting mode, the mode cannot synchronously avoid the influence of direct waves and cannot ensure that echo signals can be reliably sampled through a sampling gate synchronously along with a stepping clock after being pushed backwards along with a sampling time point.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of the existing receiver realized by adopting an equivalent sampling method, the invention provides a high-bandwidth large-dynamic-range equivalent sampling receiver, which comprises the following steps:
the switch module is used for controlling whether the radio frequency signal can enter the equivalent sampling receiver or not;
a gain module located downstream of the switch module;
the sampling module is used for sampling the radio frequency signal passing through the gain module and outputting a sampling signal; and
a signal processing module for post-processing the sampled signal,
wherein the gain module comprises:
the time-varying gain module is used for performing variable gain control on the radio-frequency signal after passing through the switch under the setting of a time-varying gain value so as to realize dynamic gain adjustment; and
and the fixed gain module is positioned at the downstream of the time-varying gain module and is used for carrying out fixed gain amplification on the radio-frequency signal.
In some embodiments, the switch module comprises:
the switch control circuit is used for receiving the stepping clock pulse and generating a wave gate width signal; and
a switch, the opening and closing of which is controlled by the gate width signal.
In some embodiments, the sampling module comprises:
the sampling pulse forming circuit is used for receiving the stepping clock pulse and generating a sampling pulse; and
and the sampling gate is positioned at the downstream of the fixed gain module and is used for completing the sampling of the radio-frequency signal under the action of the sampling pulse.
In some embodiments, the signal processing module includes a signal conditioning circuit downstream of the sampling gate for impedance matching and amplification processing of the sampled signal.
In some embodiments, the signal processing module further comprises:
the time sequence forming circuit is used for receiving the stepping clock pulse and generating two paths of time sequence signals;
a first sample-and-hold circuit downstream of the signal conditioning circuit; and
a second sample-and-hold circuit downstream of the first sample-and-hold circuit,
and the first sampling and holding circuit and the second sampling and holding circuit respectively carry out sampling, holding and tracking on the signals output by the signal conditioning circuit under the control of the two paths of timing signals.
In some embodiments, the two timing signals are a first sample-and-hold signal and a second sample-and-hold signal respectively;
when the sampling pulse is generated, the first sample-and-hold circuit enters a hold state under the control of the first sample-and-hold signal; the second sample and hold circuit enters a sampling state under control of the second sample and hold signal.
Based on the technical scheme, the invention at least obtains the following beneficial effects:
compared with the existing receiver realized by adopting an equivalent sampling method, the equivalent sampling receiver provided by the invention realizes that the dynamic range of the receiver is increased on the premise of ensuring high bandwidth.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a high bandwidth large dynamic range equivalent sampling receiver according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a timing diagram of the equivalent sampling receiver of FIG. 1 in operation;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of dynamic range and bandwidth testing of a high bandwidth large dynamic range equivalent sampling receiver according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the calibration of the microwave signal source of FIG. 3;
fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating a result of a bandwidth test of an equivalent sampling receiver according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the described embodiments of the invention without any inventive step, are within the scope of protection of the invention.
Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
The embodiment of the invention provides a high-bandwidth large-dynamic-range equivalent sampling receiver which comprises a switch module, a gain module, a sampling module and a signal processing module and can be used as a radar receiver. The switch module is used for controlling whether the radio frequency signal can enter the receiver or not; the sampling module is used for sampling the radio frequency signal passing through the gain module and outputting a sampling signal, and the signal processing module is used for post-processing the sampling signal.
Referring to fig. 1, a block diagram of an equivalent sampling receiver according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. The gain module is located downstream of the switch module and can be divided into a time varying gain module 3 and a fixed gain module 4. The time-varying gain module 3 is configured to perform variable gain control on the radio frequency signal after passing through the switch under the setting of the time-varying gain value D, so as to implement dynamic gain adjustment. A fixed gain module 4 is located downstream of the time varying gain module 3 for fixed gain amplification of the radio frequency signal.
According to some embodiments, the switch module comprises a switch control circuit 2 and a switch 1. The switch control circuit 2 is used for receiving the stepping clock pulse and generating a wave gate width signal. The gate width signal controls the opening and closing of the switch 1. In this embodiment, the switch 1 is used as a front-end switch of the equivalent sampling receiver, and whether an echo signal can enter the equivalent sampling receiver or not is ensured under the control of a gate width signal, and a direct wave signal is blocked; when the rising edge of the step clock pulse arrives, the switch control circuit 2 forms a gate width signal to control the switch 1.
According to some embodiments, the sampling module comprises: a sampling pulse forming circuit 6 and a sampling gate 5. The sampling pulse forming circuit 6 is used for receiving the stepping clock pulse and generating a sampling pulse; the sampling gate 5 is located at the downstream of the fixed gain module 4, and the sampling gate 5 completes the sampling of the radio frequency signal under the action of the sampling pulse. For example, the sampling pulse forming circuit 6 shapes and accelerates the step clock pulse to generate a sampling pulse of picosecond order to open the sampling gate 5.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the sampling gate 5 and the switch 1 are synchronously controlled by a signal generated by a step delay pulse; the synchronous control switch 1, the time-varying gain circuit 3 and the fixed gain circuit 4 are arranged at the front end of a sampling gate 5 of the equivalent sampling receiver, so that the dynamic range of the receiver is improved on the premise of ensuring that the bandwidth meets the requirement; the design method has the advantages of high real-time performance, large dynamic range improvement, less used resources and the like.
According to some embodiments, the signal processing module comprises a signal conditioning circuit 7 downstream of the sampling gate 5, the signal conditioning circuit 7 being adapted to match impedance and amplify the sampled signal.
According to some embodiments, the signal processing module further comprises a timing forming circuit 8, a first sample-and-hold circuit 9 and a second sample-and-hold circuit 10. The first sample-and-hold circuit 9 is located downstream of the signal conditioning circuit 7; the second sample and hold circuit 10 is located downstream of the first sample and hold circuit 9. The time sequence forming circuit 8 receives the stepping clock pulse and generates two paths of time sequence signals; the first sample-and-hold circuit 9 and the second sample-and-hold circuit 10 respectively perform sample-and-hold tracking on the signal output by the signal conditioning circuit under the control of two paths of timing signals.
With further reference to fig. 2, a timing diagram of the operation of the equivalent sampling receiver of fig. 1 is shown. The PRF is a stepping clock pulse with a repetition frequency, and can be generated by triggering a stepping delay circuit by an FPGA chip. SWTH is a gate width signal for controlling the switch 1 at the front end of the equivalent sampling receiver, and when the rising edge of the PRF arrives, the switch control circuit 2 is triggered to generate the gate width signal SWTH. STRBE is a sampling pulse for opening a sampling gate, as shown in fig. 2, with its action time at the center of the gate broadband signal SWTH. The two paths of timing signals are a first sample-hold signal S & H1 and a second sample-hold signal S & H2, and when a sampling pulse STRBE is generated, the first sample-hold circuit 9 enters a hold state under the control of the first sample-hold signal S & H1; the second sample-and-hold circuit 10 enters the sampling state under the control of the second sample-and-hold signal S & H2.
The design bandwidth of the equivalent sampling receiver in the preferred implementation of the invention is 4GHz, for this purpose, a microwave SPST switch is adopted as a switch 1 at the front end of the receiver, the bandwidth meets the requirements of DC-6GHz and high isolation, and the typical value is 55dB @2 GHz. And the switch control circuit 2 controls the gate time of the switch 1 by the gate width signal SWTH. In fig. 2, the timing signal of the receiver is derived from a stepped clock pulse PRF with a repetition frequency with a minimum period T; wave gate width t0The practical design requirement determines that the use requirement of the current high-bandwidth large dynamic receiver is met by adopting the 300ns wave gate width in the embodiment, which is related to the detection depth.
In a preferred implementation of the present invention, the time-varying gain module 3 performs a variable gain control on the rf signal after passing through the switch 1, so as to adjust the dynamic range. The typical control method of the equivalent sampling receiver is to set a time-varying gain value Dn-1 before each initial sampling according to an equivalent sequential sampling method under the action of a step clock pulse PRF, as shown in fig. 2, to obtain the variable gain of the sample point. Before the next step clock pulse PRF comes, a time-varying gain value Dn is set or Dn-1 is maintained to be constant, which is determined by actual requirements, so that a group of variable gain control methods can be obtained to form a control curve. When the equivalent sampling receiver works, the output control is carried out according to the curve, so that the dynamic gain adjustment is obtained, and the dynamic range is effectively improved. And the fixed gain module 4 is used for signal fixed gain amplification, and is beneficial to the sampling operation of the sampling gate 5 on the radio frequency signal.
In a preferred implementation of the invention, the stepped clock pulse PRF is divided into two paths: one path enters a switch control circuit 1 to control the switch 1 at the front end to be opened, so that a signal enters a time-varying gain module 3 through the switch 1 to carry out gain adjustment; the other path enters a sampling pulse forming circuit 6 and a timing forming circuit 8. The sampling pulse generating circuit 6 is used for forming a picosecond-magnitude extremely narrow pulse, so that the sampling gate 5 is reliably opened under the action of the extremely narrow pulse, and an input signal is reliably sampled by the sampling gate 5. Preferably, the sampling gate 5 is formed by a Sampling Phase Detector (SPD), and the SPD contains a path of Step Recovery Diode (SRD) therein, which can further shape and accelerate the sampling pulse and ensure the symmetry of the sampling pulse; meanwhile, the two sampling diodes are arranged in the sampling gate, the consistency of the two sampling diodes is good, the bandwidth requirement of the sampling gate is guaranteed, and the SPD bandwidth selected in the embodiment is 22 GHz.
As shown in FIG. 2, when the sampling gate is opened by the sampling pulse STRBE, the first sample-and-hold circuit 9 immediately enters a hold state from a sampling state, and a signal S is held by the first sample-and-hold signal&H1 signal controlThe holding state is a low level state, and the width is maintained at t2The size of the sampling signal satisfies the reliable sampling of the second sample-and-hold circuit 10; and the second sample-and-hold circuit 10 is supplied with the second sample-and-hold signal S&H2 signal control, the process of which is the reverse of the former, with a delay of t3Then the sample state is entered from the holding state, and the sampling time is t4And the requirement of minimum time is met. Passing through t4Thereafter, the signal is held by the second sample-and-hold circuit 10 until the next sampling starts to be updated. The ideal holding time is consistent with the repetition period.
The output signal of the second sample-and-hold circuit 10 is a low-frequency signal, which can be filtered by a post-stage filter circuit or digitized by a low-speed ADC, so as to reduce the rf signal to an audio signal for acquisition, and reduce the design and processing requirements of the back-end circuit.
The results of dynamic range and bandwidth testing of an equivalent sampling receiver in a preferred implementation of the invention will now be described. Referring to fig. 3, the device for testing includes a signal source 11, a microwave signal source 12, an equivalent sampling receiver 13 and a real-time oscilloscope 14.
Before testing, the microwave signal source 12 needs to be calibrated first. Referring to fig. 4, the microwave signal source 12 sequentially outputs the set standard signals according to the frequency points, and after passing through the power meter 15, the PC16 records the power output obtained when all frequency points are at 50 ohm characteristic impedance. The calibration is to calibrate the output of the microwave signal source to the position of the end face a, calibrate the actual power value measured at each frequency point to a certain standard power value, such as 0dBm, and store the power value in the microwave signal source 12, and dynamically call the calibration value to calibrate when the test is performed.
Referring to fig. 3, the calibrated microwave signal source 12 sequentially and manually selects and outputs the test bandwidth and the dynamic range according to the set frequency point. The bandwidth test results are shown in fig. 5, and it can be seen that the invention can obtain the bandwidth results of-3 dB above 4 GHz. The dynamic range test results are shown in the following table:
in the table, the temperature is the temperature set by the incubator; telemetry is the amplifier module telemetry temperature. It can be seen that the dynamic range is better than 85 dB. Therefore, the equivalent sampling receiver provided by the embodiment of the invention can increase the dynamic range of the receiver under the condition of ensuring high bandwidth.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A high bandwidth large dynamic range equivalent sampling receiver, comprising:
the switch module is used for generating a wave gate width signal so as to control whether the radio frequency signal can enter the equivalent sampling receiver or not;
a gain module located downstream of the switch module;
the sampling module is used for sampling the radio frequency signal passing through the gain module and outputting a sampling signal; and
a signal processing module for post-processing the sampled signal, the signal processing module comprising:
the signal conditioning circuit is positioned at the downstream of the sampling gate and is used for performing impedance matching and amplification processing on the sampling signal;
a first sample-and-hold circuit downstream of the signal conditioning circuit; and
a second sample and hold circuit downstream of the first sample and hold circuit;
the time sequence forming circuit is used for receiving the stepping clock pulse and generating two paths of time sequence signals;
the first sampling and holding circuit and the second sampling and holding circuit respectively carry out sampling, holding and tracking on the signals output by the signal conditioning circuit under the control of the two paths of timing signals;
wherein the gain module comprises:
the time-varying gain module is used for performing variable gain control on the radio-frequency signal after passing through the switch under the setting of a time-varying gain value so as to realize dynamic gain adjustment; and
and the fixed gain module is positioned at the downstream of the time-varying gain module and is used for carrying out fixed gain amplification on the radio-frequency signal.
2. The high-bandwidth large dynamic range equivalent sampling receiver of claim 1, wherein said switching module comprises:
the switch control circuit is used for receiving the stepping clock pulse and generating a wave gate width signal; and
a switch, the opening and closing of which is controlled by the gate width signal.
3. The high-bandwidth large dynamic range equivalent sampling receiver of claim 1, wherein said sampling module comprises:
the sampling pulse forming circuit is used for receiving the stepping clock pulse and generating a sampling pulse; and
and the sampling gate is positioned at the downstream of the fixed gain module and is used for completing the sampling of the radio-frequency signal under the action of the sampling pulse.
4. The high-bandwidth large-dynamic-range equivalent sampling receiver according to claim 1, wherein the two paths of timing signals are a first sample-and-hold signal and a second sample-and-hold signal, respectively;
when the sampling pulse is generated, the first sample-and-hold circuit enters a hold state under the control of the first sample-and-hold signal; the second sample and hold circuit enters a sampling state under control of the second sample and hold signal.
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| US7565393B2 (en) * | 2005-06-29 | 2009-07-21 | Intel Corporation | Discrete time filter having gain for digital sampling receivers |
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| JP2009100237A (en) * | 2007-10-17 | 2009-05-07 | Panasonic Corp | Sampling receiver |
| CN201548603U (en) * | 2009-11-02 | 2010-08-11 | 北京普源精电科技有限公司 | Digital oscilloscope with equivalent sampling functions |
| CN102386869A (en) * | 2010-08-27 | 2012-03-21 | 杭州中科微电子有限公司 | Analog/digital configurable variable-gain amplifier |
| CN102466748B (en) * | 2010-11-03 | 2016-08-03 | 北京普源精电科技有限公司 | There is the digital oscilloscope of equivalent sampling function and for the equivalent sampling method of digital oscilloscope |
| CN202041638U (en) * | 2011-02-28 | 2011-11-16 | 武汉大学 | Analog front end of VHF (Very High Frequency) radar receiver |
| CN103684492A (en) * | 2012-09-24 | 2014-03-26 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Radio frequency signal sampling device, a reception machine and a base station. |
| US9641361B2 (en) * | 2013-11-19 | 2017-05-02 | Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute | Sub-sampling receiver |
| US9893752B2 (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2018-02-13 | Skyworks Solutions, Inc. | Diversity receiver front end system with variable-gain amplifiers |
| CN108267628A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2018-07-10 | 北京普源精电科技有限公司 | Mixed signal oscillograph with equivalent sampling function |
| CN107769807A (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2018-03-06 | 北京航宇创通技术有限公司 | Radio frequency sampling device |
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| US7565393B2 (en) * | 2005-06-29 | 2009-07-21 | Intel Corporation | Discrete time filter having gain for digital sampling receivers |
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