CN108988765A - Solar panel electrically powered steering apparatus using same - Google Patents
Solar panel electrically powered steering apparatus using same Download PDFInfo
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- CN108988765A CN108988765A CN201810907026.2A CN201810907026A CN108988765A CN 108988765 A CN108988765 A CN 108988765A CN 201810907026 A CN201810907026 A CN 201810907026A CN 108988765 A CN108988765 A CN 108988765A
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 5
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- 241000237858 Gastropoda Species 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011900 installation process Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
- H02S20/30—Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment
- H02S20/32—Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment specially adapted for solar tracking
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种太阳能电池板电动转向装置，具有底座，底座上端面安装有推力轴承，推力轴承上端面固定有内侧壁具有齿圈的套筒，套筒上端面固连有安装太阳能电池板且同步地球自转速度的顶盖，位于推力轴承内圈内的底座上安装有步进电机和轴承架，步进电机输出轴传动连接有蜗杆，轴承架上通过垂直设置的齿轮轴安装有行星齿轮系，所述行星齿轮系具有的太阳轮与啮合传动蜗杆的蜗轮同轴设置，太阳轮两侧分别啮合有与所述齿圈啮合传动的行星轮。本发明通过调节步进电机转速，采用蜗轮蜗杆和行星齿轮系的传动减速，实现太阳能电池板追踪太阳的功能且在一天内自动回复到凌晨初始角度位置，结构紧凑，提高了转向装置承载能力及传动的平稳性。
The invention relates to a solar battery panel electric steering device, which has a base, a thrust bearing is installed on the upper end surface of the base, a sleeve with a gear ring on the inner side wall is fixed on the upper end surface of the thrust bearing, and a solar battery panel is installed on the upper end surface of the sleeve. The top cover of the synchronous earth rotation speed, the stepper motor and the bearing frame are installed on the base located in the inner ring of the thrust bearing, the output shaft of the stepper motor is connected to the worm, and the planetary gear system is installed on the bearing frame through the gear shaft arranged vertically , the sun gear of the planetary gear train is arranged coaxially with the worm gear meshing with the transmission worm, and planetary gears meshing with the ring gear are respectively meshed on both sides of the sun gear. The invention adjusts the speed of the stepping motor and adopts the transmission deceleration of the worm gear and the planetary gear system to realize the function of the solar panel to track the sun and automatically return to the initial angle position in the early morning within one day. The structure is compact and the bearing capacity of the steering device is improved. The smoothness of transmission.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种单自由度旋转且能自动回正的太阳能电池板电动转向装置。The invention relates to a single-degree-of-freedom rotating solar panel electric steering device that can automatically return to normal.
背景技术Background technique
太阳能是一种清洁、可再生新能源，取之不尽用之不竭。目前，太阳能的光电转换主要通过硅基太阳能电池板来实现，为最大化实现太阳能转化效率，应保证太阳光线相对于太阳能电池板平面的入射角度，以吸收更多的太阳光线。传统的太阳能电池板的安装底座多采用固定式，在太阳东升西落过程中会损失很多可转换能量，导致整体转换效率降低。发明专利ZL201210416005.3公开了一种前后支撑型的斜单轴太阳能追踪系统；实用新型专利ZL201320220908.4公开了一种通过光敏元件反馈控制，带动弓形齿轮转动和托架转动，从而实现太阳能电池板转动的装置；发明专利ZL 201610458750.2公开了一种利用梯形台和齿轨、齿轮机构调节倾角，追踪太阳光的装置。但上述现有的太阳能电池板转向装置在结构上较为复杂，或者难以完全追踪太阳而影响太阳能的转换效率。Solar energy is a clean, renewable new energy source that is inexhaustible. At present, the photoelectric conversion of solar energy is mainly realized by silicon-based solar panels. In order to maximize the conversion efficiency of solar energy, the incident angle of sunlight relative to the plane of the solar panel should be ensured to absorb more sunlight. The installation bases of traditional solar panels are mostly fixed, and a lot of convertible energy will be lost during the rising and setting of the sun, resulting in a decrease in the overall conversion efficiency. Invention patent ZL201210416005.3 discloses an oblique single-axis solar tracking system with front and rear support; utility model patent ZL201320220908.4 discloses a solar panel driven by feedback control of photosensitive elements to drive the bow-shaped gear to rotate and the bracket to rotate. Rotating device; Invention patent ZL 201610458750.2 discloses a device that uses a trapezoidal table, rack and gear mechanism to adjust the inclination and track sunlight. However, the above-mentioned existing solar panel steering device is relatively complex in structure, or it is difficult to completely track the sun, which affects the conversion efficiency of solar energy.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明要解决的技术问题是：为了克服现有技术中之不足，本发明提供一种结构简单紧凑、稳定并可追踪太阳从而提高太阳能转换率的太阳能电池板电动转向装置。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: in order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a solar panel electric steering device with a simple and compact structure, which is stable and can track the sun so as to improve the conversion rate of solar energy.
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：一种太阳能电池板电动转向装置，具有底座，所述的底座上端面安装有推力轴承，推力轴承上端面固定有内侧壁具有齿圈的套筒，套筒上端面固连有安装太阳能电池板的顶盖，位于推力轴承内圈内的底座上安装有步进电机和轴承架，步进电机输出轴传动连接有蜗杆，轴承架上通过垂直设置的齿轮轴安装有行星齿轮系，所述行星齿轮系具有的太阳轮与啮合传动蜗杆的蜗轮同轴设置，太阳轮两侧分别啮合有与所述齿圈啮合传动的行星轮，所述的顶盖同步地球自转速度而实现电池板与太阳光线的垂直照射。The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: a solar panel electric steering device with a base, a thrust bearing is installed on the upper end surface of the base, and a sleeve with a gear ring on the inner wall is fixed on the upper end surface of the thrust bearing , the upper end of the sleeve is fixedly connected with a top cover for installing solar panels, and a stepping motor and a bearing frame are installed on the base located in the inner ring of the thrust bearing. The gear shaft of the gear shaft is equipped with a planetary gear system, and the sun gear of the planetary gear system is arranged coaxially with the worm gear meshing with the transmission worm. The two sides of the sun gear are respectively meshed with the planetary gears meshing with the ring gear. The cover synchronizes the rotation speed of the earth to realize the vertical irradiation of the solar panel and the sun's rays.
所述的推力轴承外侧设有防护套，以防止雨水、尘土进入推力轴承轨道，影响旋转的精度和推力轴承的寿命。The outer side of the thrust bearing is provided with a protective sleeve to prevent rainwater and dust from entering the thrust bearing track, which will affect the precision of rotation and the life of the thrust bearing.
所述的顶盖开设有用于安装太阳能电池板支撑架的安装孔。安装时需要将支撑架预先调整一定的角度，使太阳能电池板与太阳光线垂直，顶盖随着套筒一起旋转，从而带动顶盖上方的太阳能电池板一起转动，最终实现太阳能电池板追踪太阳的功能。The top cover is provided with installation holes for installing the solar panel support frame. During installation, the support frame needs to be pre-adjusted to a certain angle, so that the solar panel is perpendicular to the sun’s rays, and the top cover rotates with the sleeve, thereby driving the solar panel above the top cover to rotate together, and finally realizes the solar panel tracking the sun. Function.
上述涉及到太阳能电池板追踪太阳的功能，即白天跟随太阳转动，日落后就自动复位，可根据昼长时间自行调节太阳能电池板追踪角度，主要通过步进电机带动两级减速传动实现。其中步进电机转速n4＝n1×i1×i2,其中n1是地球自转速度，行星齿轮系的传动比i1＝(z2×z3)/(z1×z2),其中z1、z2、z3分别为太阳轮、行星轮和齿圈的齿数；i2是蜗轮蜗杆的传动比,为i2＝z5/z4,其中z4、z5分别为蜗杆头数和蜗轮齿数，计算得出步进电机的转速n4范围。在日落之后，通过控制步进电机快速反向转动，经过蜗轮蜗杆、行星齿轮系的传动可以实现太阳能电池板快速反向运转而复位。The above involves the function of the solar panel to track the sun, that is, it follows the sun during the day and automatically resets after sunset. The tracking angle of the solar panel can be adjusted according to the length of the day, which is mainly realized by the stepping motor driving the two-stage deceleration transmission. Wherein the speed of the stepping motor n 4 =n 1 ×i 1 ×i 2 , where n 1 is the rotation speed of the earth, the transmission ratio of the planetary gear train i 1 =(z 2 ×z 3 )/(z 1 ×z 2 ), Among them, z 1 , z 2 , z 3 are the number of teeth of the sun gear, planetary gear and ring gear respectively; i 2 is the transmission ratio of the worm gear, which is i 2 = z 5 /z 4 , where z 4 and z 5 are respectively the gear ratio of the worm The number of heads and the number of teeth of the worm gear are calculated to obtain the speed n 4 range of the stepping motor. After sunset, by controlling the stepping motor to rotate rapidly in reverse, through the transmission of worm gear and planetary gear train, the solar panel can be reset by rapid reverse rotation.
本发明的有益效果是：本发明通过调节步进电机转速，采用蜗轮蜗杆和行星齿轮系的传动减速，实现太阳能电池板追踪太阳的功能且在一天内自动回复到凌晨初始角度位置，结构紧凑，提高了转向装置承载能力及传动的平稳性。The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention realizes the function of the solar panel tracking the sun and automatically returns to the initial angle position in the early morning within a day by adjusting the speed of the stepping motor and adopting the transmission deceleration of the worm gear and the planetary gear train, and the structure is compact. The bearing capacity of the steering device and the stability of the transmission are improved.
附图说明Description of drawings
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
图1是本发明的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.
图2是本发明的内部结构示意图Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the present invention
图3是本发明的局部剖视图；Fig. 3 is a partial sectional view of the present invention;
图4是本发明所述套筒的局部剖视图；Fig. 4 is a partial sectional view of the sleeve of the present invention;
图中：1.顶盖 2.套筒 3.防护套 4.底座 5.推力轴承 6.轴承架 7.滚动轴承 8.太阳轮 9.行星轮 10.齿圈 11.蜗杆 12.蜗轮 13.步进电机 14.齿轮轴 15安装孔In the figure: 1. Top cover 2. Sleeve 3. Protective sleeve 4. Base 5. Thrust bearing 6. Bearing frame 7. Rolling bearing 8. Sun gear 9. Planetary gear 10. Ring gear 11. Worm 12. Worm wheel 13. Step Mounting hole for motor 14. gear shaft 15
具体实施方式Detailed ways
现在结合附图对本发明作进一步详细的说明。这些附图均为简化的示意图，仅以示意方式说明本发明的基本结构，因此其仅显示与本发明有关的构成。The present invention is described in further detail now in conjunction with accompanying drawing. These drawings are all simplified schematic diagrams, which only illustrate the basic structure of the present invention in a schematic manner, so they only show the configurations related to the present invention.
如图1～图4所示，一种太阳能电池板电动转向装置，具有底座4，所述的底座4上端面安装有承受其上方(主要是太阳能电池板和支撑架)的载荷推力轴承5，推力轴承5外侧设有防护套3，以防止雨水、尘土进入推力轴承5轨道而影响旋转精度和推力轴承5的使用寿命。As shown in Figures 1 to 4, a solar panel electric steering device has a base 4, and the upper end surface of the base 4 is equipped with a thrust bearing 5 that bears the load above it (mainly the solar panel and the support frame), Thrust bearing 5 outside is provided with protective cover 3, to prevent rainwater, dust from entering thrust bearing 5 tracks and affecting rotation accuracy and the service life of thrust bearing 5.
所述推力轴承5上端面固定有套筒2，套筒2借助推力轴承5提供的滚动摩擦实现小阻力转动；套筒2内侧壁具有齿圈10，在套筒2上端面固连有安装太阳能电池板的顶盖1，顶盖1上开设有用于安装太阳能电池板支撑架的安装孔15，所述的顶盖1同步地球自转速度而实现电池板与太阳光线的垂直照射。The upper end surface of the thrust bearing 5 is fixed with a sleeve 2, and the sleeve 2 can rotate with small resistance by means of the rolling friction provided by the thrust bearing 5; The top cover 1 of the battery panel is provided with an installation hole 15 for installing a solar panel support frame. The top cover 1 synchronizes the earth's rotation speed to realize the vertical irradiation of the battery panel and the sun's rays.
位于推力轴承5内圈内的底座4上安装有步进电机13和轴承架6，步进电机13输出轴传动连接有蜗杆11，蜗杆11啮合传动有蜗轮12，轴承架6上通过垂直设置的齿轮轴14安装有行星齿轮系。所述行星齿轮系具有太阳轮8和两个行星轮9，太阳轮8位于轴承架6中间位置且与蜗轮12同轴设置，所述行星轮9分设在太阳轮8两侧与太阳轮8啮合传动，同时所述行星轮9又与所述齿圈10啮合传动。A stepping motor 13 and a bearing frame 6 are installed on the base 4 located in the inner ring of the thrust bearing 5, the output shaft of the stepping motor 13 is connected to a worm 11, and the worm 11 is meshed with a worm wheel 12, and the bearing frame 6 is vertically arranged The gear shaft 14 is mounted with a planetary gear train. The planetary gear train has a sun gear 8 and two planetary gears 9, the sun gear 8 is located in the middle of the bearing frame 6 and coaxially arranged with the worm gear 12, and the planetary gears 9 are respectively arranged on both sides of the sun gear 8 to mesh with the sun gear 8 transmission, and at the same time, the planetary gear 9 is engaged with the ring gear 10 for transmission.
安装过程：先用螺栓将底座4固定在水泥地面上，随后将步进电机13和蜗杆11固定在底座4上，蜗杆11直接与步进电机13输出轴相连，实现步进电机13与蜗杆11的同轴转动；通过齿轮轴14和滚动轴承7将蜗轮12、行星轮9和太阳轮8分别固定在轴承架6上，并将轴承架6通过螺栓固定在底座4上；将推力轴承5放置在底座4上，并放置防护套3，以保证推力轴承5不会因为雨水、沙尘而影响转动；然后安装套筒2，套筒2底部通过螺栓与推力轴承5相连，套筒2借助推力轴承5实现小阻力转动；最后将顶盖1固定在套筒2的上部，并用螺栓拧紧。Installation process: first fix the base 4 on the concrete floor with bolts, then fix the stepping motor 13 and the worm 11 on the base 4, the worm 11 is directly connected with the output shaft of the stepping motor 13, and realize the stepping motor 13 and the worm 11 The coaxial rotation; through the gear shaft 14 and the rolling bearing 7, the worm gear 12, the planetary gear 9 and the sun gear 8 are respectively fixed on the bearing frame 6, and the bearing frame 6 is fixed on the base 4 by bolts; the thrust bearing 5 is placed on Put the protective cover 3 on the base 4 to ensure that the thrust bearing 5 will not affect the rotation due to rain and sand; then install the sleeve 2, the bottom of the sleeve 2 is connected with the thrust bearing 5 through bolts, and the sleeve 2 is 5 Realize rotation with small resistance; finally, fix the top cover 1 on the upper part of the sleeve 2 and tighten it with bolts.
本实施例中，选用步进电机13转速n4＝1.53×10-3r/s，步进电机13驱动蜗杆11、蜗轮12啮合转动，蜗杆11每转动一圈，蜗轮12就转动一个齿距，蜗杆11头数z4＝1，蜗轮12的齿数z5＝56,蜗轮12蜗杆11之间的交错角为90度，传动比i2＝56，蜗轮12转速n2＝n4/i2＝2.73×10-5r/s,此时蜗轮12蜗杆11传动实现了转动装置的第一级减速传动。In this embodiment, the speed of the stepping motor 13 is n 4 =1.53×10 −3 r/s, and the stepping motor 13 drives the worm 11 and the worm gear 12 to engage and rotate. Every time the worm 11 rotates one revolution, the worm gear 12 rotates one pitch , the number of worm 11 heads z 4 =1, the number of teeth z 5 of the worm gear 12 =56, the stagger angle between the worm gear 12 and the worm 11 is 90 degrees, the transmission ratio i 2 =56, the speed of the worm gear 12 n 2 =n 4 /i 2 =2.73×10 -5 r/s, at this time, the transmission of worm gear 12 and worm 11 realizes the first-stage deceleration transmission of the rotating device.
行星齿轮系中，太阳轮8与蜗轮12同轴同转速，太阳轮8齿数为z1＝52，行星轮9齿数z2＝31，齿圈10的齿数z3＝123,传动比i1＝2.36，齿圈10的转速n3＝n2/i1＝1.16×10-5r/s，此时行星齿轮系实现了转动装置的第二级减速传动，且蜗轮12蜗杆11传动带有的自锁功能保证了行星齿轮系的稳定传动。In the planetary gear train, the sun gear 8 and the worm gear 12 are coaxial and rotate at the same speed, the number of teeth of the sun gear 8 is z 1 =52, the number of teeth of the planetary gear 9 is z 2 =31, the number of teeth of the ring gear 10 is z 3 =123, and the transmission ratio i 1 = 2.36, the rotational speed of the ring gear 10 n 3 =n 2 /i 1 =1.16×10 -5 r/s, at this time the planetary gear train realizes the second-stage deceleration transmission of the rotating device, and the worm gear 12 and the worm 11 drive with the automatic The lock function ensures the stable transmission of the planetary gear train.
步进电机13的运动通过蜗轮12蜗杆11的啮合传动，再由太阳轮8和行星轮9的啮合传动而传递至齿圈10，最终将转动传递到套筒2上，套筒2相对于底座4自转而实现顶盖1的转动。The motion of the stepper motor 13 is transmitted to the ring gear 10 through the meshing transmission of the worm gear 12 and the worm 11, and then to the ring gear 10 through the meshing transmission of the sun gear 8 and the planetary gear 9, and finally transmits the rotation to the sleeve 2, and the sleeve 2 is relative to the base 4 rotation and realize the rotation of top cover 1.
顶盖1上预留安装孔15用于安装太阳能电池板的支撑架，安装时需要将支撑架预先调整一定的角度，使太阳能电池板与太阳光线垂直，在顶盖1随着套筒2一起旋转时，带动顶盖1上方的太阳能电池板一起转动，根据上述运动参数计算出太阳能电池板的转速n0＝1.16×10-5r/s，与地球自转速度相同，从而实现太阳能电池板始终追随太阳转动，以达到全天光电转换效率最大化的目的。在日落之后，通过控制步进电机13快速反向转动，太阳能电池板的快速复位。Mounting holes 15 are reserved on the top cover 1 for installing the support frame of the solar panel. During installation, the support frame needs to be adjusted to a certain angle in advance so that the solar panel is perpendicular to the sun’s rays. When rotating, it drives the solar panel above the top cover 1 to rotate together, and calculates the rotation speed of the solar panel n 0 =1.16×10 -5 r/s according to the above motion parameters, which is the same as the rotation speed of the earth, so that the solar panel is always Follow the rotation of the sun to maximize the photoelectric conversion efficiency throughout the day. After sunset, by controlling the stepping motor 13 to rotate in reverse quickly, the solar battery panel can be quickly reset.
以上述依据本发明的理想实施例为启示，通过上述的说明内容，相关工作人员完全可以在不偏离本项发明技术思想的范围内，进行多样的变更以及修改。本项发明的技术性范围并不局限于说明书上的内容，必须要根据权利要求范围来确定其技术性范围。Inspired by the above-mentioned ideal embodiment according to the present invention, through the above-mentioned description content, relevant workers can make various changes and modifications within the scope of not departing from the technical idea of the present invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the content in the specification, but must be determined according to the scope of the claims.
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