CN108966795B - Double-row four-shovel vibration type cassava excavator - Google Patents

Double-row four-shovel vibration type cassava excavator Download PDF

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CN108966795B
CN108966795B CN201810990325.7A CN201810990325A CN108966795B CN 108966795 B CN108966795 B CN 108966795B CN 201810990325 A CN201810990325 A CN 201810990325A CN 108966795 B CN108966795 B CN 108966795B
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shovel
wheel
shaft
eccentric
depth
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CN108966795A (en
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宋建农
徐光浩
王继承
董向前
张超
刘飞周
余雷
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China Agricultural University
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China Agricultural University
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01DHARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D15/00Digging machines with sieve graters but without conveying mechanisms
    • A01D15/04Digging machines with sieve graters but without conveying mechanisms with moving or vibrating grates

Abstract

The invention relates to a double-row four-shovel vibration type cassava excavator, and belongs to the field of agricultural machinery. The double-row four-shovel vibration type cassava excavator comprises a rack, a depth limiting wheel assembly, an excavating shovel assembly and a power vibration mechanism. When the method is used for operation, the soil-potato separation effect is good when the soil-raising quantity is small, the damage to the cassava root tuber is small, the soil adaptability is strong, and the mechanical operation of harvesting the cassava root tuber can be better completed. The double-row four-shovel vibration type cassava excavator adopts gear and shaft transmission, so that the power is large, the work is reliable, and the maintenance is simple and easy; the adoption of vibration type excavation reduces the traction resistance and improves the effect of soil-potato separation; the separating rod welded at the rear end of the shovel handle further enhances the separation reliability of the potatoes; through the assembly mode of the hitching hole at the front end of the depth wheel, the lower pull plate of the eccentric assembly and the eccentric shaft sleeve, six-stage adjustment of the excavation depth can be realized.

Description

Double-row four-shovel vibration type cassava excavator
Technical Field
The invention relates to a harvesting machine in the field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a double-row four-shovel vibration type cassava excavator.
Background
With the implementation of new energy policy, the cassava is used as a main raw material for producing biofuel ethanol, and the demand of the cassava is necessarily huge. Due to the problem of mechanical cassava harvesting, the development of the cassava planting industry in China is difficult, and the adaptability and the operation effect of the conventional harvesting machine cannot meet the ideal mechanical harvesting requirement.
Application No. 201410099924.1A vibration digging and pulling type cassava harvester, provides a cassava root harvesting method, which is mainly characterized in that under the traction of a tractor, the harvester moves forwards, a digging shovel enters the soil to break the soil-potato connection, then an electro-hydraulic control device controls a clamp to clamp cassava stalks, and cassava roots are pulled out from the ground and placed on the ground. The harvester has great limitation, and is difficult to achieve the operation effect on the soil with great viscosity; meanwhile, the position of the cassava stem changes in the growing process and the harvesting process, and the cassava stem is not necessarily centered, so that the clamping mechanism cannot accurately clamp the cassava stem to complete the excavation of the cassava root tuber.
Application No. 201020665534.3 cassava harvester, during the traction of the tractor, the digging part is used to lift the soil, the cassava root and the soil are transported to the rear conveying chain, thereby completing the harvesting work of the cassava root. The problems that the soil lifting amount is large during harvesting operation, the time and distance for the cassava root to move on the conveying chain are too long, so that the energy consumption of digging operation is high, the damage to the cassava root is large, and the cassava root is also likely to be clamped on the conveying chain to further influence the subsequent operation.
The invention is not reported at home and abroad by searching domestic and foreign patent documents, periodicals and other publicly published documents (such as the Internet), and the invention is not publicly published articles related to the invention at home and abroad and is unknown at home and abroad.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the four special-shaped break shovels are adopted, a separating rod is welded behind each shovel, and the break shovels are driven to vibrate by the power output by a gear box. During operation, the four digging shovels are driven into the soil and vibrate in a staggered mode (the specific vibration sequence is 180-0-180 degrees), the soil and the cassava roots are lifted, soil and potato separation is completed on a separation rod welded behind the shovels, and the cassava roots are flatly paved behind the machine. During operation, the soil lifting amount is small, the soil-potato separation effect is good, the damage to the cassava root tuber is small, the soil adaptability is strong, and the mechanical operation of harvesting the cassava root tuber can be better completed.
In order to achieve the above purposes, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a double-row four-shovel vibration type cassava excavator comprises a rack 1, a depth limiting wheel assembly, an excavating shovel assembly and a power vibration mechanism.
The frame 1 is formed by welding square steel pipes, the outside welding of frame 1 front beam has two sets of three-point suspension fishplate bar, and the middle part welding of front beam has a set of depth wheel carrier fishplate bar, and the lower part welding of well crossbeam has four sets of shovel pole fishplate bars, and the upper portion welding of frame 1 has oblique arm-tie.
The depth wheel assembly comprises a depth wheel 4, a wheel frame 2, a wheel shaft 10, a deep groove ball bearing I and a wheel end cover 9. Wheel end covers 9 and deep groove ball bearings I are arranged at two ends of the depth wheel 4, and a wheel shaft 10 penetrates through the deep groove ball bearings I at the two ends of the depth wheel 4 to be connected with two ends of the wheel frame 2; the depth wheel assembly is connected to the middle of a front beam of the frame 1 in a hanging mode through a depth wheel frame hanging plate.
The shovel assembly includes four sections from left to right in order: shovel subassembly, left side in shovel subassembly, shovel subassembly and the right shovel subassembly in the right, every part all includes four kinds of parts: a shovel tip 11, a shovel handle, a separating rod and a shovel rod. The lower end of the shovel handle is provided with a shovel tip installation surface, and the shovel tip 11 is fixedly connected with the shovel handle through the shovel tip installation surface. The separating rod comprises three identical bottom rods 20 and five side rods with different lengths, the bottom rods 20 are welded at the rear end of a shovel tip mounting surface at the lower end of the shovel handle, and the side rods are welded at the rear end of each shovel handle. The shovel rod comprises two parallel steel plates, two parallel steel pipes, two parallel rectangular hollow steels and two hanging blocks; the two parallel rectangular hollow steels are fixedly connected with the two parallel steel plates through two parallel steel pipes, the front ends of the rectangular hollow steels are welded with the hanging blocks, and the rear ends of the rectangular hollow steels are fixedly connected with the shovel handles; the digging shovel components are respectively connected to the four digging shovel rod connection plates in a hanging mode through the hanging connection blocks and the pin shafts.
The dynamic vibration mechanism includes a gear box 25, four eccentric assemblies, eight bearing housing assemblies, and two drive shaft assemblies. The front end of the gear box 25 is a power input shaft, the left end and the right end are two power output ends, and the gear box 25 is fixed in the middle of the rack 1 through bolts. The transmission shaft assembly comprises a middle shaft 3, a side shaft 15 and a universal joint 19, wherein the power output end of one end of the gear box 25 is connected with one end of the middle shaft 3, and the other end of the middle shaft 3 is connected with the side shaft 15 through the universal joint 19; the center shaft 3 and the side shaft 15 are respectively provided with an eccentric assembly, two ends of the eccentric assembly are provided with bearing seat assemblies, the bearing seat assemblies are respectively fixed on the longitudinal beam of the frame 1, and the eccentric assemblies are respectively connected with corresponding digging shovel assemblies; the components mounted on the power output ends of the left and right ends of the gear box 25 are identical and symmetrical.
The gear box 25 transmits the power from the power output shaft of the tractor to the power output ends at two ends through the power input shaft, and drives the eccentric component to rotate through the transmission shaft component connected with the power output end, so as to drive the digging shovel component to do small-angle swing (1-2 degrees) around the hanging point of the digging shovel component on the frame 1, and the initial phase angle of the vibration of the four groups of digging shovels is 180-0-180 degrees.
On the basis of the scheme, the depth wheel 4 is in a cylindrical shape, two ends of the depth wheel are provided with soil crushing conical disks, and the middle parts of the soil crushing conical disks are provided with deep groove ball bearing mounting holes for mounting deep groove ball bearings I; the upper end of the middle part of the wheel carrier 2 is provided with a group of hitching holes and a group of limiting holes, and two ends of a depth limiting wheel hitching plate on the frame 1 are also correspondingly provided with a group of hitching holes and three groups of limiting holes; the depth wheel assembly penetrates through the hitching hole in the depth wheel hitching plate and the hitching hole in the wheel carrier 2 through the hitching pin shaft 5 to be connected with the frame 1; the position of the limiting hole in the depth limiting wheel hitching plate and the position of the limiting hole in the wheel carrier 2 are aligned, and the limiting pin shaft 6 is inserted, so that the three-level adjustment of the operating depth of the double-row four-shovel vibration type cassava excavator can be realized.
On the basis of the scheme, interference fit is formed between the inner ring of the deep groove ball bearing I and the wheel shaft 10, and between the outer ring of the deep groove ball bearing I and soil crushing conical discs at two ends of the depth limiting wheel 4.
On the basis of the scheme, the front part of the shovel tip 11 is provided with a cutting edge, and the middle part of the shovel tip is provided with three countersunk screw through holes; a thread bottom hole corresponding to the countersunk screw through hole of the shovel point 11 is formed in the shovel point mounting surface, the shovel point 11 is fixed on the shovel point mounting surface through a screw, a shovel handle mounting hole is formed in the rear end of the rectangular hollow steel, and the shovel handle is mounted at the rear end of the rectangular hollow steel through a bolt; three groups of lower pull plate hitching holes are arranged on the steel plate and used for adjusting the amplitude of the digging shovel assembly.
On the basis of the scheme, the left shovel component selects the side shovel rod 13 and the left shovel handle 8; the left middle shovel component selects a middle shovel rod 7 and a right shovel handle 14; the right middle shovel component adopts a middle shovel rod 7 and a left shovel handle 8; the right shovel component adopts a side shovel rod 13 and a right shovel handle 14; the rest parts are all the same; the difference between the left shovel handle 8 and the right shovel handle 14 is that the bent parts of the left shovel handle 8 and the right shovel handle 14 are symmetrical left and right, and the other sizes are completely the same; the length of the steel pipe in the middle shovel rod 7 is shorter than that of the steel pipe in the side shovel rod 13, so that the distance between the middle left middle shovel component and the middle right shovel component is reduced.
On the basis of the scheme, the power output ends at the left end and the right end of the gear box 25 are connected with the transmission shaft assembly in a plug-in mode, namely the transmission shaft assembly is inserted into the power output end of the gear box.
On the basis of the scheme, the eccentric assembly comprises an eccentric wheel 26, a cylindrical roller bearing 27, a clamp spring 16, an eccentric shaft sleeve 18, a shaft sleeve cover 17 and a lower pull plate 29, wherein a key groove is formed in an inner ring of the eccentric wheel 26, a clamp spring mounting groove is formed in one side of an outer ring of the eccentric wheel for mounting the clamp spring 16, and the clamp spring 16 and a boss of the inner ring of the cylindrical roller bearing 27 play an axial limiting role in the cylindrical roller bearing 27; the outer ring of the eccentric wheel 26 is in interference fit with the inner ring of the cylindrical roller bearing 27, and the outer ring of the cylindrical roller bearing 27 is in interference fit with the cylindrical roller bearing mounting hole in the upper end of the eccentric shaft sleeve 18. The outer side surface of the upper end of the eccentric shaft sleeve 18 is provided with three shaft sleeve cover thread bottom holes, a shaft sleeve cover 17 is fixed with the eccentric shaft sleeve 18 through the shaft sleeve cover thread bottom holes, the lower end of the eccentric shaft sleeve 18 is provided with a lower pull plate mounting groove, and the side surface of the lower pull plate mounting groove is provided with two pairs of mounting through holes; two groups of through holes corresponding to the mounting through holes at the lower end of the eccentric shaft sleeve 18 are formed in the upper end of the lower pull plate 29, two-stage adjustment of excavating depth can be achieved, the lower end is a shovel rod hanging hole, and the lower pull plate 29 is connected with a corresponding excavating shovel assembly through the shovel rod hanging hole and the lower pull plate hanging hole in the steel plate.
On the basis of the scheme, the bearing seat assembly comprises a bearing seat 12 and a deep groove ball bearing 28, the inner ring of the deep groove ball bearing 28 is in interference fit with the transmission shaft assembly, the outer ring of the deep groove ball bearing 28 is in interference fit with the bearing seat 12, and bolt through holes are formed in the front end and the rear end of the bearing seat 12 and are fixed on a longitudinal beam of the rack 1 through bolts.
On the basis of the scheme, the middle shaft 3 is respectively provided with installation key slots corresponding to the power output end of the gear box 25, the eccentric wheel 26 and the universal joint 19, and the shaft shoulder of the middle shaft 3 is positioned between the gear box 25 and the innermost bearing seat 12 after installation; the side shaft 15 is provided with mounting key slots corresponding to the universal joint 19 and the eccentric wheel 26 respectively, and the shaft shoulder of the side shaft 15 is matched with the inner ring of the deep groove ball bearing 28. The left end and the right end of the universal joint 19 are both provided with a key groove and a limiting hole.
On the basis of the scheme, the digging shovel component performs reciprocating vibration with small amplitude of 1-2 degrees around a hanging point of the digging shovel component on the machine frame 1, the vibration frequency is 8 Hz-10 Hz, the digging depth is 250 mm-400 mm, and the digging penetration angle is about 21 degrees.
When the method is used for operation, the soil-potato separation effect is good when the soil-raising quantity is small, the damage to the cassava root tuber is small, the soil adaptability is strong, and the mechanical operation of harvesting the cassava root tuber can be better completed. The double-row four-shovel vibration type cassava excavator adopts gear and shaft transmission, so that the power is large, the work is reliable, and the maintenance is simple and easy; the adoption of vibration type excavation reduces the traction resistance and improves the effect of soil-potato separation; the separating rod welded at the rear end of the shovel handle further enhances the separation reliability of the potatoes; through the assembly mode of the hitching hole at the front end of the depth wheel, the lower pull plate of the eccentric assembly and the eccentric shaft sleeve, six-stage adjustment of the excavation depth can be realized.
Drawings
The invention has the following drawings:
fig. 1 is a three-dimensional schematic view of a double-row four-shovel vibratory cassava excavator according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a three-dimensional schematic view of a frame of the double-row four-shovel vibratory cassava excavator of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a three-dimensional schematic view of a depth wheel assembly of the double row four shovel vibratory cassava excavator of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a depth wheel assembly of the double row four shovel vibratory cassava excavator of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a left side shovel assembly of the double row four shovel vibratory cassava excavator of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a left middle shovel assembly of the double-row four-shovel vibratory cassava excavator of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a right middle shovel assembly of the double-row four-shovel vibratory cassava excavator of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a right side shovel assembly of the double-row four-shovel vibratory cassava excavator of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a power vibration mechanism of the double-row four-shovel vibration type cassava excavator.
The symbols in the figure are marked as: the device comprises a machine frame 1, a wheel frame 2, a middle shaft 3, a depth wheel 4, a hanging pin 5, a limit pin 6, a shovel rod in 7, a left shovel handle 8, a wheel end cover 9, a wheel shaft 10, a shovel tip 11, a bearing seat 12, a shovel rod at 13 sides, a shovel rod at 14 right, a shovel rod at 15 sides, a snap spring 16, a sleeve cover 17, an eccentric shaft sleeve 18, a universal joint 19, a bottom rod 20, a side rod 21A, a side rod 22B, a side rod 23C, a side rod 24D, a gear box 25, an eccentric wheel 26, a cylindrical roller bearing 27, a deep groove ball bearing 28, a pull-down plate 29 and a side rod 30E.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to figures 1-9.
The invention aims to provide a harvesting machine suitable for harvesting cassava planted in ridge culture, which can harvest cassava with different ridge heights and digging depths. A double-row four-shovel vibration type cassava excavator comprises a rack 1, a depth limiting wheel assembly, an excavating shovel assembly and a power vibration mechanism.
The frame 1 is formed by welding square steel pipes, the outside welding of frame 1 front beam has two sets of three-point suspension fishplate bar, and the middle part welding of front beam has a set of depth wheel carrier fishplate bar, and the lower part welding of well crossbeam has four sets of shovel pole fishplate bars, and the upper portion welding of frame 1 has oblique arm-tie.
The depth wheel assembly comprises a depth wheel 4, a wheel frame 2, a wheel shaft 10, a deep groove ball bearing I and a wheel end cover 9. Wheel end covers 9 and deep groove ball bearings I are arranged at two ends of the depth wheel 4, and a wheel shaft 10 penetrates through the deep groove ball bearings I at the two ends of the depth wheel 4 to be connected with two ends of the wheel frame 2; the depth wheel assembly is connected to the middle of a front beam of the frame 1 in a hanging mode through a depth wheel frame hanging plate.
The shovel assembly includes four sections from left to right in order: shovel subassembly, left side in shovel subassembly, shovel subassembly and the right shovel subassembly in the right, every part all includes four kinds of parts: a shovel tip 11, a shovel handle, a separating rod and a shovel rod. The lower end of the shovel handle is provided with a shovel tip installation surface, and the shovel tip 11 is fixedly connected with the shovel handle through the shovel tip installation surface. The release lever includes three identical sill bars 20 and five side levers different in size: side lever a21, side lever B22, side lever C23, side lever D24, and side lever E30; the bottom rod 20 is welded at the rear end of the tip mounting surface at the lower end of the shovel shaft, and the side rods are welded at the rear end of each shovel shaft. The shovel rod comprises two parallel steel plates, two parallel steel pipes, two parallel rectangular hollow steels and two hanging blocks; the two parallel rectangular hollow steels are fixedly connected with the two parallel steel plates through two parallel steel pipes, the front ends of the rectangular hollow steels are welded with the hanging blocks, and the rear ends of the rectangular hollow steels are fixedly connected with the shovel handles; the digging shovel components are respectively connected to the four digging shovel rod connection plates in a hanging mode through the hanging connection blocks and the pin shafts.
The dynamic vibration mechanism includes a gear box 25, four eccentric assemblies, eight bearing housing assemblies, and two drive shaft assemblies. The front end of the gear box 25 is a power input shaft, the left end and the right end are two power output ends, and the gear box 25 is fixed in the middle of the rack 1 through bolts. The transmission shaft assembly comprises a middle shaft 3, a side shaft 15 and a universal joint 19, wherein the power output end of one end of the gear box 25 is connected with one end of the middle shaft 3, and the other end of the middle shaft 3 is connected with the side shaft 15 through the universal joint 19; the center shaft 3 and the side shaft 15 are respectively provided with an eccentric assembly, two ends of the eccentric assembly are provided with bearing seat assemblies, the bearing seat assemblies are respectively fixed on the longitudinal beam of the frame 1, and the eccentric assemblies are respectively connected with corresponding digging shovel assemblies; the components mounted on the power output ends of the left and right ends of the gear box 25 are identical and symmetrical.
The gear box 25 transmits the power from the power output shaft of the tractor to the power output ends at two ends through the power input shaft, and drives the eccentric component to rotate through the transmission shaft component connected with the power output end, so as to drive the digging shovel component to do small-angle swing (1-2 degrees) around the hanging point of the digging shovel component on the frame 1, and the initial phase angle of the vibration of the four groups of digging shovels is 180-0-180 degrees.
On the basis of the scheme, the depth wheel 4 is in a cylindrical shape, two ends of the depth wheel are provided with soil crushing conical disks, and the middle parts of the soil crushing conical disks are provided with deep groove ball bearing mounting holes for mounting deep groove ball bearings I; the upper end of the middle part of the wheel carrier 2 is provided with a group of hitching holes and a group of limiting holes, and two ends of a depth limiting wheel hitching plate on the frame 1 are also correspondingly provided with a group of hitching holes and three groups of limiting holes; the depth wheel assembly penetrates through the hitching hole in the depth wheel hitching plate and the hitching hole in the wheel carrier 2 through the hitching pin shaft 5 to be connected with the frame 1; the position of the limiting hole in the depth limiting wheel hitching plate and the position of the limiting hole in the wheel carrier 2 are aligned, and the limiting pin shaft 6 is inserted, so that the three-level adjustment of the operating depth of the double-row four-shovel vibration type cassava excavator can be realized.
On the basis of the scheme, interference fit is formed between the inner ring of the deep groove ball bearing I and the wheel shaft 10, and between the outer ring of the deep groove ball bearing I and soil crushing conical discs at two ends of the depth limiting wheel 4.
On the basis of the scheme, the front part of the shovel tip 11 is provided with a cutting edge, and the middle part of the shovel tip is provided with three countersunk screw through holes; a thread bottom hole corresponding to the countersunk screw through hole of the shovel point 11 is formed in the shovel point mounting surface, the shovel point 11 is fixed on the shovel point mounting surface through a screw, a shovel handle mounting hole is formed in the rear end of the rectangular hollow steel, and the shovel handle is mounted at the rear end of the rectangular hollow steel through a bolt; three groups of lower pull plate hitching holes are arranged on the steel plate and used for adjusting the amplitude of the digging shovel assembly.
On the basis of the scheme, the left shovel component selects the side shovel rod 13 and the left shovel handle 8; the left middle shovel component selects a middle shovel rod 7 and a right shovel handle 14; the right middle shovel component adopts a middle shovel rod 7 and a left shovel handle 8; the right shovel component adopts a side shovel rod 13 and a right shovel handle 14; the rest parts are all the same; the difference between the left shovel handle 8 and the right shovel handle 14 is that the bent parts of the left shovel handle 8 and the right shovel handle 14 are symmetrical left and right, and the other sizes are completely the same; the length of the steel pipe in the middle shovel rod 7 is shorter than that of the steel pipe in the side shovel rod 13, so that the distance between the middle left middle shovel component and the middle right shovel component is reduced.
On the basis of the scheme, the power output ends at the left end and the right end of the gear box 25 are connected with the transmission shaft assembly in a plug-in mode, namely the transmission shaft assembly is inserted into the power output end of the gear box.
On the basis of the scheme, the eccentric assembly comprises an eccentric wheel 26, a cylindrical roller bearing 27, a clamp spring 16, an eccentric shaft sleeve 18, a shaft sleeve cover 17 and a lower pull plate 29, wherein a key groove is formed in an inner ring of the eccentric wheel 26, a clamp spring mounting groove is formed in one side of an outer ring of the eccentric wheel for mounting the clamp spring 16, and the clamp spring 16 and a boss of the inner ring of the cylindrical roller bearing 27 play an axial limiting role in the cylindrical roller bearing 27; the outer ring of the eccentric wheel 26 is in interference fit with the inner ring of the cylindrical roller bearing 27, and the outer ring of the cylindrical roller bearing 27 is in interference fit with the cylindrical roller bearing mounting hole in the upper end of the eccentric shaft sleeve 18. The outer side surface of the upper end of the eccentric shaft sleeve 18 is provided with three shaft sleeve cover thread bottom holes, a shaft sleeve cover 17 is fixed with the eccentric shaft sleeve 18 through the shaft sleeve cover thread bottom holes, the lower end of the eccentric shaft sleeve 18 is provided with a lower pull plate mounting groove, and the side surface of the lower pull plate mounting groove is provided with two pairs of mounting through holes; two groups of through holes corresponding to the mounting through holes at the lower end of the eccentric shaft sleeve 18 are formed in the upper end of the lower pull plate 29, two-stage adjustment of excavating depth can be achieved, the lower end is a shovel rod hanging hole, and the lower pull plate 29 is connected with a corresponding excavating shovel assembly through the shovel rod hanging hole and the lower pull plate hanging hole in the steel plate.
On the basis of the scheme, the bearing seat assembly comprises a bearing seat 12 and a deep groove ball bearing 28, the inner ring of the deep groove ball bearing 28 is in interference fit with the transmission shaft assembly, the outer ring of the deep groove ball bearing 28 is in interference fit with the bearing seat 12, and bolt through holes are formed in the front end and the rear end of the bearing seat 12 and are fixed on a longitudinal beam of the rack 1 through bolts.
On the basis of the scheme, the middle shaft 3 is respectively provided with installation key slots corresponding to the power output end of the gear box 25, the eccentric wheel 26 and the universal joint 19, and the shaft shoulder of the middle shaft 3 is positioned between the gear box 25 and the innermost bearing seat 12 after installation; the side shaft 15 is provided with mounting key slots corresponding to the universal joint 19 and the eccentric wheel 26 respectively, and the shaft shoulder of the side shaft 15 is matched with the inner ring of the deep groove ball bearing 28. The left end and the right end of the universal joint 19 are both provided with a key groove and a limiting hole.
The three-point suspension device of the tractor is connected with a hitching point arranged on the frame 1 by a pin shaft; the input shaft of the gear box arranged on the frame 1 is connected with the rear output shaft of the tractor through a rotating shaft. The gear box 25 transmits the power from the power output shaft of the tractor to the transmission shaft components at two ends through the input shaft, and drives the eccentric components to rotate through eccentric wheels 26 arranged on the transmission shaft components; thereby driving the digging shovel component to do small angle swing (1 degree-2 degrees) around the hanging point of the digging shovel component on the frame 1, and the initial phase angle of the vibration of the four groups of digging shovels is 180 degrees-0 degrees-180 degrees.
The shovel frame height of digger blade subassembly is about 650mm, and the width is about 250mm, and through the slope of shovel handle, the shovel handle can realize the squeezing action to soil when the excavation. The double-row four-shovel vibration type cassava excavator is in a double-row four-shovel mode, is suitable for a planting mode that planting ridges are large ridges and double rows, and can complete harvesting operation of two rows of cassava tuberous roots through one-time operation. The cassava planting mode is a trapezoidal large ridge, the ridge bottom is 1400mm wide, the ridge height is 250 mm-300 mm, the ridge top is 900 mm-1100 mm wide, and the ridge spacing is 1800 mm; when the seed stems are sowed and planted, the seed stems are directly or obliquely planted, the narrow row spacing in the planting row spacing ridge is 500-600 mm, and the wide row spacing of the adjacent ridge is 1200-1300 mm; the digging depth is 250 mm-400 mm adjustable, the digging angle is about 21 degrees, the digging shovel component rotates in a reciprocating way with small amplitude (1-2 degrees) around the hanging point, and the vibration frequency is 8 Hz-10 Hz.
In the operation process of the double-row four-shovel vibration cassava excavator, the proper digging depth is adjusted through the depth limiting wheels, the power output by the rear output shaft of the tractor drives four groups of digging shovel assemblies to vibrate through the power vibration mechanism, and the four groups of digging shovel assemblies vibrate back and forth at small angles around respective hanging points in the operation process; along with the advancing of the tractor, the digging shovel digs into the soil, the cassava roots and part of the surrounding soil are lifted up to the separating rod welded behind the shovel shaft, and the soil and potato separation work is completed on the digging shovel and the separating rod; the cassava root and the soil fall from the tail end of the separation rod, so that the cassava root and the soil are separated.
Those not described in detail in this specification are within the skill of the art.

Claims (9)

1. The utility model provides a four shovel vibrating cassava excavators of double row which characterized in that: comprises a frame (1), a depth wheel assembly, an excavating shovel assembly and a power vibration mechanism;
the machine frame (1) is formed by welding square steel pipes, two groups of three-point suspension hanging plates are welded on the outer side of a front beam of the machine frame (1), one group of depth limiting wheel frame hanging plates are welded in the middle of the front beam, four groups of digging shovel rod hanging plates are welded on the lower portion of a middle beam, and an inclined pull plate is welded on the upper portion of the machine frame (1);
the depth wheel assembly comprises a depth wheel (4), a wheel frame (2), a wheel shaft (10), a deep groove ball bearing I and a wheel end cover (9); wheel end covers (9) and deep groove ball bearings I are arranged at two ends of the depth limiting wheel (4), and a wheel shaft (10) penetrates through the deep groove ball bearings I at two ends of the depth limiting wheel (4) to be connected with two ends of the wheel frame (2); the depth wheel assembly is connected to the middle of a front beam of the frame (1) in a hanging manner through a depth wheel frame hanging plate;
the shovel assembly includes four sections from left to right in order: shovel subassembly, left side in shovel subassembly, shovel subassembly and the right shovel subassembly in the right, every part all includes four kinds of parts: a shovel tip (11), a shovel handle, a separating rod and a shovel rod; the lower end of the shovel handle is provided with a shovel tip mounting surface, and the shovel tip (11) is fixedly connected with the shovel handle through the shovel tip mounting surface; the separating rod comprises three identical bottom rods (20) and five side rods with different lengths, the bottom rods (20) are welded at the rear end of a shovel tip mounting surface at the lower end of the shovel handle, and the side rods are welded at the rear end of each shovel handle; the shovel rod comprises two parallel steel plates, two parallel steel pipes, two parallel rectangular hollow steels and two hanging blocks; the two parallel rectangular hollow steels are fixedly connected with the two parallel steel plates through two parallel steel pipes, the front ends of the rectangular hollow steels are welded with the hanging blocks, and the rear ends of the rectangular hollow steels are fixedly connected with the shovel handles; the digging shovel components are respectively hung on the four groups of digging shovel rod hanging plates through hanging blocks and pin shafts;
the dynamic vibration mechanism comprises a gear box (25), four eccentric assemblies, eight bearing seat assemblies and two transmission shaft assemblies; the front end of the gear box (25) is a power input shaft, the left end and the right end of the gear box are two power output ends, and the gear box (25) is fixed in the middle of the rack (1) through bolts; the transmission shaft assembly comprises a middle shaft (3), a side shaft (15) and a universal joint (19), wherein the power output end of one end of the gear box (25) is connected with one end of the middle shaft (3), and the other end of the middle shaft (3) is connected with the side shaft (15) through the universal joint (19); the center shaft (3) and the side shaft (15) are respectively provided with an eccentric assembly, two ends of the eccentric assembly are provided with bearing seat assemblies, the bearing seat assemblies are respectively fixed on the longitudinal beam of the frame (1), and the eccentric assemblies are respectively connected with corresponding digging shovel assemblies; the parts mounted on the power output ends at the left end and the right end of the gear box (25) are the same and symmetrical;
the eccentric assembly comprises an eccentric wheel (26), a cylindrical roller bearing (27), a clamp spring (16), an eccentric shaft sleeve (18), a shaft sleeve cover (17) and a lower pull plate (29), wherein a key groove is formed in an inner ring of the eccentric wheel (26), a clamp spring mounting groove is formed in one side of an outer ring of the eccentric wheel (26) and used for mounting the clamp spring (16), and bosses of the clamp spring (16) and an inner ring of the cylindrical roller bearing (27) play an axial limiting role in the cylindrical roller bearing (27); the outer ring of the eccentric wheel (26) is in interference fit with the inner ring of the cylindrical roller bearing (27), and the outer ring of the cylindrical roller bearing (27) is in interference fit with a cylindrical roller bearing mounting hole in the upper end of the eccentric shaft sleeve (18); the outer side surface of the upper end of the eccentric shaft sleeve (18) is provided with three shaft sleeve cover thread bottom holes, a shaft sleeve cover (17) is fixed with the eccentric shaft sleeve (18) through the shaft sleeve cover thread bottom holes, the lower end of the eccentric shaft sleeve (18) is provided with a lower pull plate mounting groove, and the side surface of the lower pull plate mounting groove is provided with two pairs of mounting through holes; two groups of through holes corresponding to the mounting through holes at the lower end of the eccentric shaft sleeve (18) are formed in the upper end of the lower pull plate (29), two-stage adjustment of excavating depth can be achieved, the lower end is a shovel rod hanging hole, and the lower pull plate (29) is connected with a corresponding excavating shovel component through the shovel rod hanging hole and the lower pull plate hanging hole in the steel plate.
2. The double row four shovel vibratory cassava excavator according to claim 1, wherein: the depth limiting wheel (4) is cylindrical, two ends of the depth limiting wheel are provided with soil crushing conical disks, and the middle parts of the soil crushing conical disks are provided with deep groove ball bearing mounting holes for mounting deep groove ball bearings I; the upper end of the middle part of the wheel carrier (2) is provided with a group of hitching holes and a group of limiting holes, and two ends of a depth limiting wheel hitching plate on the frame (1) are also correspondingly provided with a group of hitching holes and three groups of limiting holes; the depth wheel assembly penetrates through the hitching hole in the depth wheel hitching plate and the hitching hole in the wheel carrier (2) through the hitching pin shaft (5) to be connected with the rack (1); by aligning the positions of the limiting holes in the depth limiting wheel hitching plate and the limiting holes in the wheel carrier (2), the limiting pin shaft (6) is inserted, and the operation depth of the double-row four-shovel vibration type cassava excavator can be adjusted in three levels.
3. The double row four shovel vibratory cassava excavator according to claim 2, wherein: interference fit is respectively formed between the inner ring of the deep groove ball bearing I and the wheel shaft (10) and between the outer ring of the deep groove ball bearing I and soil crushing conical discs at two ends of the depth limiting wheel (4).
4. The double row four shovel vibratory cassava excavator according to claim 1, wherein: the front part of the shovel tip (11) is provided with a cutting edge, and the middle part of the shovel tip is provided with three countersunk screw through holes; a thread bottom hole corresponding to a countersunk screw through hole of the shovel point (11) is formed in the shovel point mounting surface, the shovel point (11) is fixed on the shovel point mounting surface through a screw, a shovel handle mounting hole is formed in the rear end of the rectangular hollow steel, and the shovel handle is mounted at the rear end of the rectangular hollow steel through a bolt; three groups of lower pull plate hitching holes are arranged on the steel plate and used for adjusting the amplitude of the digging shovel assembly.
5. The double row four shovel vibratory cassava excavator according to claim 1, wherein: the left shovel component selects a side shovel rod (13) and a left shovel handle (8); the left middle shovel component selects a middle shovel rod (7) and a right shovel handle (14); the right middle shovel component selects a middle shovel rod (7) and a left shovel handle (8); the right shovel component adopts a side shovel rod (13) and a right shovel handle (14); the left shovel handle (8) and the right shovel handle (14) are distinguished in that the bending parts of the left shovel handle (8) and the right shovel handle (14) are bilaterally symmetrical; the length of the steel pipe in the middle shovel rod (7) is shorter than that of the steel pipe in the side shovel rod (13) so as to reduce the distance between the middle left middle shovel component and the middle right shovel component.
6. The double row four shovel vibratory cassava excavator according to claim 1, wherein: the power output ends at the left end and the right end of the gear box (25) are connected with the transmission shaft assembly in a plug-in mode.
7. The double row four shovel vibratory cassava excavator according to claim 1, wherein: the bearing seat assembly comprises a bearing seat (12) and a deep groove ball bearing (28), the inner ring of the deep groove ball bearing (28) and a transmission shaft assembly, the outer ring of the deep groove ball bearing and the bearing seat (12) are in interference fit, bolt through holes are formed in the front end and the rear end of the bearing seat (12), and the bearing seat assembly is fixed on a longitudinal beam of the rack (1) through bolts.
8. The double row four shovel vibratory cassava excavator according to claim 7, wherein: mounting key grooves corresponding to a power output end of the gear box (25), an eccentric wheel (26) and a universal joint (19) are respectively formed in the middle shaft (3), and a shaft shoulder of the middle shaft (3) is positioned between the gear box (25) and the innermost bearing seat (12) after mounting is completed; mounting key grooves corresponding to the universal joint (19) and the eccentric wheel (26) are respectively formed in the side shaft (15), and a shaft shoulder of the side shaft (15) is matched with an inner ring of the deep groove ball bearing (28); the left end and the right end of the universal joint (19) are both provided with key slots and limiting holes.
9. The double row four shovel vibratory cassava excavator according to any one of claims 1-8, in which: the digging shovel component is driven by the eccentric component to do reciprocating vibration with small amplitude of 1-2 degrees, the vibration frequency is 8 Hz-10 Hz, and the digging depth is 250 mm-400 mm.
CN201810990325.7A 2018-08-28 2018-08-28 Double-row four-shovel vibration type cassava excavator Active CN108966795B (en)

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CN109588099B (en) * 2018-12-12 2023-10-31 中国农业大学 Digger blade of cassava harvester
CN109566049A (en) * 2018-12-12 2019-04-05 中国农业大学 Duplicate rows oscillatory type cassava digger
CN109566056B (en) * 2019-01-03 2023-08-29 中国热带农业科学院农业机械研究所 Galangal digging harvester with cutting disc knife
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