CN108966741A - A method of improving Rhus succedanea percentage of seedgermination and quick pregermination - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of raising Rhus succedanea percentage of seedgermination and the methods of quick pregermination, the following steps are included: (1) chooses the Rhus succedanea seed of mature and plump, removal pericarp simultaneously carries out seed disinfection, then impregnates vernalization in 20-25 minutes with 98% concentrated sulfuric acid；(2) it by step (1) resulting seed, is impregnated 12 hours with 300mg/L Gibberellins solution, is rinsed well under flowing water after having handled, control condition of culture carries out vernalization.The present invention can be handled without long-time seed soaking and stratification, quickly broken Rhus succedanea seed dormancy, effectively improved percentage of seedgermination, germination percentage is up to 98% or more.And germinating time is greatly shortened, and it can all sprout within about 7-10 days, achieve the purpose that quick pregermination, neat and consistent of germinateing, convenient for operational administratives such as later period seedling replanting field planting.

Description

A method for improving the germination rate of Japanese wild sumac seeds and rapid germination

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant seed germination pretreatment, in particular, relates to a rapid germination method for sowing and raising seedlings of Japanese wild sumac, especially relates to a method for treating Japanese wild sumac seeds with concentrated sulfuric acid combined with gibberellin to break dormancy and increase germination rate And reach the method for rapid germination.

Background technique

Japanese wild sumac (Toxicodendron succedaneum) is a deciduous tree or small tree of the family Anacardiaceae (Toxicodendron). Japanese wild lacquer has a beautiful tree shape, bright red and beautiful autumn leaves, dense branches, and pure colors. It is an excellent landscaping tree species. At the same time, because of its strong adaptability, resistance to drought and barrenness, and well-developed root system, it is also an excellent soil and water conservation tree species. Japanese wild sumac is an excellent economic tree species with a wide range of uses, which integrates beautifully colored leaves and wax production from seeds. There is a layer of wax on the outer skin of the lacquer seed, which is connected with the endocarp. The endocarp is hard and yellowish-brown. The product after rough and fine processing is called Japanese wood wax, so Japanese wild lacquer is also the main plant for producing wood wax and raw lacquer . The wood wax extracted from its fruit is a kind of natural biological wax. Because it is rich in dicarboxylic acids, it has excellent characteristics such as flexibility, adhesion, and gloss that are incomparable to other biological waxes. It is widely used in cosmetics, medicine, Paints, waterproofing agents, electronic inks, wax printing, industrial lubricants and many other specialized fields.

Japanese wild lacquer seed coat is waxy, and the seeds are hard, poor water permeability and air permeability, the natural germination rate of sowing and reproduction is extremely low, and it takes a long time, the germination is not neat, and the seedlings grow inconsistently. To improve its germination rate and germination quality, pre-germination treatment must be carried out before sowing.

Concentrated sulfuric acid, as a conventional seed treatment agent, is easy to obtain and low in cost, and the concentrated sulfuric acid treatment method is simple, the germination is neat, the time is short, and the germination rate is high. Seeds treated with concentrated sulfuric acid are widely used in blackberries, saponins, and other plants, and have good results. Gibberellin is a broad-spectrum, high-efficiency plant growth regulator, which can promote germination, branch and leaf growth, and early flowering and fruiting of plants.

Many of the current studies use concentrated sulfuric acid or gibberellin to accelerate germination, but most of them have to be stratified, and there is no literature report on the treatment of sumac seeds with concentrated sulfuric acid and gibberellin, such as Yuan Yaqi et al. Effects of treatments on seed germination of lacquer trees from three provenances" ("Economic Forest Research", 2017, 35(3)), Tang Li et al. No. 10), Yang Weize, etc. "The Effects of Different Treatment Methods on the Germination of Sumac Seeds" (Anhui Forestry Science and Technology, 2014, 40(6): 30-33).

Contents of the invention

In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the inventor creatively provides a method suitable for improving the germination rate and rapid germination of Japanese wild sumac according to the characteristics of Japanese wild sumac and the conditions required for germination.

In order to realize the object of the present invention, the inventor has found through a large number of experimental studies that the key factor for the germination of the Japanese wild sumac seeds treated with concentrated sulfuric acid and gibberellin is to control the concentration and time, and finally obtained the following technical scheme:

A method for improving the germination rate of Japanese wild sumac seeds and rapid germination, the method comprises the following steps:

(1) Select ripe and plump Japanese lacquer seeds, remove the pericarp and carry out seed disinfection, then soak with 98% concentrated sulfuric acid for 20-25 minutes, rinse the seeds with running water after treatment;

(2) Soak the seeds obtained in step (1) with 200-400mg/L gibberellin solution for 12-15 hours, rinse them under running water after treatment, dry them, and adopt the germination box method to accelerate germination.

The above-mentioned method for improving the germination rate of Japanese wild sumac seeds and rapid germination, wherein in step (1), in late October-early November, select a robust mother tree to collect mature seeds with peels, soak them in hot water at 60-70°C 1. Scrub, remove the peel and impurities, remove the seeds floating on the water surface by water selection, keep the plump seeds that sink to the bottom, drain the water, dry in a cool and ventilated place, and store in a ventilated and dry place at room temperature for later use.

The method for increasing the germination rate and rapid germination of the Japanese wild sumac seeds, wherein in step (1), the seeds are disinfected by soaking in 50% carbendazim 500 times solution for 1-2 hours, and then washed with water and drained.

The above-mentioned method for improving the germination rate of Japanese wild sumac seeds and rapid germination, wherein in steps (1) and (2), the amount of concentrated sulfuric acid and gibberellin solution will be higher than the seed level by 1-2cm, and the seeds are constantly stirred during the treatment process. Fully contact with the medicament, and rinse the seeds with running water after treatment.

The above-mentioned method for improving the germination rate and rapid germination of Japanese wild sumac seeds, wherein in step (2), the concentration of the gibberellin solution is preferably 300 mg/L, and the soaking time is 12 hours.

The above-mentioned method for improving the germination rate of Japanese wild sumac seeds and rapid germination, wherein in the step (2), the temperature of the seed germination box is set at 20°C, the photoperiod is 16h/8h light-dark reaction, the light intensity is 3500Lx, check the ventilation every day, and Keep the seeds moist.

It should be noted that, in the above-mentioned method for improving the germination rate of Japanese wild sumac seeds and rapid germination, in steps (1) and (2), the disinfection of the seeds should be carried out before the concentrated sulfuric acid treatment, mainly to disinfect the outer testa to ensure that the seeds During the germination process, it will not be moldy and rotten. The gibberellin treatment should be after the concentrated sulfuric acid treatment to promote the cracking, water absorption and swelling of the seed coat, so that the gibberellin can contact with the seeds to play a role.

Compared with the prior art, the method for the rapid germination of Japanese wild sumac seeds involved in the present invention has the following advantages and significant progress:

(1) The method for rapid germination of Japanese wild sumac seeds of the present invention can effectively improve the germination rate of Japanese wild sumac seeds, and the net seeding, selection and disinfection before sowing can guarantee the quality of germination and seedling formation.

(2) As can be seen from Example 1 of the present invention, the method for rapid germination of Japanese wild sumac seeds of the present invention has a germination rate up to more than 95%, and the seedlings grow well in the later stage.

(3) Concentrated sulfuric acid combined with gibberellin can greatly increase the germination rate after long-term treatment, and shorten the germination time at the same time. Neat and consistent.

(4) concentrated sulfuric acid is easy to obtain as a conventional seed treatment medicament, and the cost is low, and the method of concentrated sulfuric acid combined with long-time gibberellin treatment is easier to operate than methods such as hot water dewaxing and manual rubbing and dewaxing, and the amount of seed used is small. It saves time and effort, and is conducive to the realization of large-scale seedling cultivation in factories.

(5) The conventional stratification process takes a long time, and the seeds are prone to mildew and rot during the stratification process, and the viability decreases, which will also affect the quality of the seedlings germinated in the later stage. Gibberellin replaces stratification treatment, which greatly shortens the time of low temperature or sand storage, reduces the possibility of rot in the process of seed stratification, improves operation efficiency and lays a foundation for the production of strong seedlings.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the impact result figure of different solution treatments on the germination of Japanese wild sumac seeds;

Fig. 2 is the effect figure of concentrated sulfuric acid treatment on the germination of Japanese wild sumac seeds (1: after the concentrated sulfuric acid treatment, the seed waxy layer corrodes and peels off; 2: after the concentrated sulfuric acid treatment, the seedlings grow robustly; 3: the left side is the seed treated with clear water, the epidermis Dense and impermeable, the right side is the seeds treated with concentrated sulfuric acid, the cracks are fast, the germination is early, and the seeds obviously absorb water and swell and become larger.)

Fig. 3 is concentrated sulfuric acid combined with gibberellin to treat Japanese wild sumac seed germination neat consistency result figure (No. 1 and No. 2 petri dish are 200mg/L gibberellin; No. 3, 4, 5 petri dish are 300mg/L gibberellin 400mg/L gibberellin for No. 6 and No. 7 petri dishes.)

Fig. 4 is a diagram showing the effect of gibberellin treatment time on the uniformity and uniformity of germination of Japanese wild sumac seeds.

Detailed ways

The following are specific examples related to the present invention, further describing the technical solution of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to these examples. All changes or equivalent substitutions that do not depart from the concept of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

The impact of different solution treatments of embodiment 1 on Japanese wild sumac seed germination

Select mature and plump Japanese wild sumac seeds, soak and disinfect with 50% carbendazim 500 times solution for 1 hour, then wash and drain with clean water. Soak the seeds with washing powder solution, baking soda solution and concentrated sulfuric acid (ie 98% H ₂ SO ₄ ) solution respectively. The dosage should be 1 cm higher than the seeds. Stir constantly to make the agents fully contact with the seeds. Set up test group 1, test group 2, test group 3 and blank group, with 30 seeds in each group, repeated 3 times. Test group 1 was treated with concentrated sulfuric acid for 25 minutes, test group 2 was treated with 1% baking soda solution for 12 hours, and test group 3 was treated with 1% washing powder for 12 hours. The blank group was soaked in water for 24 hours. Pour off the medicament solution after treatment, place it under flowing tap water for 30 minutes, and wash the seeds. Then soak in 300mg/L GA ₃ solution for 12 hours. After treatment, wash the seeds and place them in a light incubator. Set the temperature of the incubator at 20°C, the photoperiod is 16h/8h light-dark reaction, and the light intensity is 3500Lx. Check every day Ventilate and keep the seeds moist, observe and count the germination rate.

Test results: The germination rate of test group 1 was as high as 95%. After 1 day of treatment, the seeds cracked and shelled, and on the 3rd day, the radicle sprouted from the seeds. After about 10 days, all the seeds germinated, and the seedlings grew robustly and well, and the emergence was uniform; The germination rate of test group 2 was 32%. On the 8th day, the radicle germinated from the seeds, and the germination lasted for about 12 days, and the emergence was relatively neat; the germination rate of test group 3 was 28%, and the radicle germinated from the seeds on the 10th day. The duration is about 15 days, and the emergence is irregular. It can be seen that the seeds treated with concentrated sulfuric acid have a high crack breaking rate, a short germination time, and a high germination rate. Concentrated sulfuric acid can break the mechanical barrier of the seed coat, promote water absorption and swelling of the seeds, rinse off in time after treatment, the seeds will not be harmed by concentrated sulfuric acid, the seedlings grow in good condition, and the seedling rate is high. Concentrated sulfuric acid treatment can germinate 7-10 days earlier than that of soda and washing powder, and it can germinate more than 20 days earlier than soaking in clear water. See Table 1 for statistical results.

Table 1 Effects of different solution treatments on the germination of Japanese wild sumac seeds

The different concentrations and time of embodiment 2 concentrated sulfuric acid treatment are on the influence of Japanese wild sumac seed germination

Select mature and plump Japanese wild sumac seeds, soak and disinfect with 50% carbendazim 500 times solution for 1 hour, then wash and drain with clean water. Then adopt the concentrated sulfuric acid treatment of different concentration and time, establish test group 1, test group 2, test group 3, test group 4, test group 5, test group 6 and test group 7, every group 30 seeds, repeat 3 times. Among them, the experimental group 1 treated the seeds with 60% H ₂ SO ₄ for 30 minutes, the experimental group 2 treated the seeds with 60% H ₂ SO ₄ for 60 minutes, the experimental group 3 treated the seeds with 60% H ₂ SO ₄ for 90 minutes, and the experimental group 4 was Treat seeds with 98% H ₂ SO ₄ for 10 minutes, test group 5 treat seeds with 98% H ₂ SO ₄ for 15 minutes, test group 6 treat seeds with 98% H ₂ SO ₄ for 20 minutes, test group 7 treat seeds with 98% H ₂ SO ₄ Treat the seeds for 25 minutes. Other processing is with embodiment 1.

Test results: concentrated sulfuric acid treatment can greatly increase the germination rate of seeds. With the increase of concentration of concentrated sulfuric acid treatment and the prolongation of treatment time, the germination rate has a certain increase, and the seedlings of each treatment grow well, indicating that concentrated sulfuric acid will not affect the growth of seedlings. influences. In embodiment 2, the germination rate of test group 6 and test group 7 is the highest, reaching more than 98%. The statistical results are shown in Table 2. Therefore, it is appropriate to treat the seeds with 98% H ₂ SO ₄ for 20-25 minutes in concentrated sulfuric acid treatment concentration and time.

Table 2 Effects of different concentrations and time of concentrated sulfuric acid treatment on the germination of Japanese wild sumac seeds

Embodiment 3 Different concentrations of gibberellin are treated on the impact of Japanese wild sumac seed germination

Early stage and concentrated sulfuric acid treatment are all carried out according to the method of test group 6 in embodiment 2, then soaked with gibberellin solution, establish test group 1, test group 2, test group 3 and blank group, 30 capsules in each group, repeat 3 times . Test group 1 soaked seeds in 200mg/L gibberellin solution for 12 hours, test group 2 soaked seeds in 300mg/L gibberellin solution for 12 hours, test group 3 soaked seeds in 400mg/L gibberellin solution for 12 hours, and blank group soaked seeds in clear water 12 hours. Rinse under running water after treatment. Then put the seeds in the light incubator, set the temperature of the incubator at 20°C, the photoperiod is 16h/8h light-dark reaction, the light intensity is 3500Lx, check the ventilation every day, keep the seeds moist, observe and count the germination rate.

Test results: Compared with the blank group, the seed germination rate of test group 1, test group 2 and test group 3 treated with different concentrations of gibberellin was significantly improved. Germination vigor is an index to evaluate the germination speed and germination uniformity of seeds. In comprehensive comparison, the effect of test group 2 is the best, that is, 300mg/L gibberellin solution soaked for 12 hours, the results are shown in Table 3. Compared with the research results of Yuan Yaqi (2017), Tang Li (2011), Yang Weize (2014) and others: concentrated sulfuric acid combined with gibberellin treatment is better than single concentrated sulfuric acid treatment, suitable gibberellin treatment can make seeds Without stratification treatment, the physiological dormancy is broken, the germination potential of the seeds is improved, the germination time is shortened, and the emergence of seedlings is uniform. And save sand storage or low-temperature stratification treatment time, can at least 20 days earlier germination. (References "The Effects of Different Treatments on the Germination of Sumac Seeds from Three Provenances", Economic Forest Research, 2017, 35 (3), "The Effects of Different Chemical Treatments on the Germination Rate of Wild Sumac Seeds", Guangdong Agricultural Science, 2011, No. 10th issue, "Effects of Different Treatment Methods on Seed Germination of Sumac", Anhui Forestry Science and Technology, 2014, 40(6): 30-33.)

Table 3 The effect of gibberellin treatment on the germination of Japanese wild sumac seeds

group Germination rate Germination potential sprouting state Test group 1 96% 48% The germination rate is high, the germination potential is medium, and the germination is relatively neat Test group 2 98% 56% High germination rate, strong germination potential, uniform germination Test group 3 98% 51% High germination rate, strong germination potential, uniform germination blank group 71% 18% The germination rate is low, the germination potential is weak, and the germination is irregular

The impact of embodiment 4 different gibberellin treatment time on Japanese wild sumac seed germination

Early stage and concentrated sulfuric acid treatment all carry out according to the method for test group 6 in embodiment 2, soak with gibberellin solution afterwards, establish test group 1, test group 2, test group 3, test group 4 and blank group, every group 30 , repeat 3 times. Test group 1 soaked seeds in 300mg/L gibberellin solution for 2 hours, test group 2 soaked seeds in 300mg/L gibberellin solution for 5 hours, test group 3 soaked seeds in 300mg/L gibberellin solution for 8 hours, test group 4 soaked seeds in 300mg /L gibberellin solution for 12 hours, the blank group soaked in water for 12 hours. Rinse under running water after treatment. Then put the seeds in the light incubator, set the temperature of the incubator at 20°C, the photoperiod is 16h/8h light-dark reaction, the light intensity is 3500Lx, check the ventilation every day, keep the seeds moist, observe and count the germination rate.

Test result: the germination situation of test group 1, test group 2, test group 3 and blank group treated with different concentrations of gibberellin has no significant difference (see Figure 4), but the seed germination rate of test group 4 is significantly improved compared with blank group, It shows that the effect of gibberellin treatment for a short period of time is not obvious, and the effect of treatment for 12 hours is better. The results are shown in Table 4.

Table 4 The effect of gibberellin treatment time on the germination of Japanese wild sumac seeds

group Germination rate Germination potential sprouting state Test group 1 70% twenty two% Low germination rate, weak germination potential, irregular germination Test group 2 78% 28% The germination rate is low, the germination potential is weak, and the germination is irregular Test group 3 75% 30% The germination rate is low, the germination potential is weak, and the germination is irregular Test group 4 98% 57% High germination rate, strong germination potential, uniform germination blank group 72% 19% Low germination rate, weak germination potential, irregular germination

Claims (6)

1. a method for improving Japanese wild sumac seed germination rate and fast vernalization, it is characterized in that, the method may further comprise the steps: (1) Select ripe and plump Japanese lacquer seeds, remove the pericarp and carry out seed disinfection, then soak with 98% concentrated sulfuric acid for 20-25 minutes, rinse the seeds with running water after treatment; (2) Soak the seeds obtained in step (1) with 200-400mg/L gibberellin solution for 12-15 hours, rinse them under running water after treatment, dry them, and adopt the germination box method to accelerate germination. 2. according to claim 1, improve the Japanese wild sumac seed germination rate and the method for rapid vernalization, it is characterized in that: in step (1), in late October-early November, select the strong mother tree of growth, gather the ripe belt peel Soak the seeds in hot water at 60-70°C, scrub them with your hands, remove the peel and impurities, remove the seeds floating on the water surface by water selection, keep the plump seeds that sink to the bottom, drain the water, and dry them in a cool and ventilated place. spare. 3. according to claim 1, improve the Japanese wild sumac seed germination rate and the method for rapid vernalization, it is characterized in that: in step (1), seed disinfection adopts 50% carbendazim 500 times of liquid to soak 1-2 hour, then clear water Rinse and drain. 4. according to claim 1, improve the Japanese wild sumac seed germination rate and the method for rapid vernalization, it is characterized in that: in step (1), step (2), the usage amount of vitriol oil, gibberellin solution is that liquid level does not have Pass the seeds 1-2cm. 5. according to claim 1, improve the Japanese wild sumac seed germination rate and the method for quick vernalization, it is characterized in that: in step (2), the concentration of described gibberellin solution is 300mg/L, soaking time is 12 hours . 6. according to claim 1, improve the Japanese wild sumac seed germination rate and the method for rapid vernalization, it is characterized in that: in step (2), 20 ℃ of temperature of seed germination box setting, photoperiod is 16h/8h light-dark reaction, The light intensity is 3500Lx, check the ventilation every day, and keep the seeds moist.