CN108964276A - Support the electricity consumption control terminal and system and load discrimination method of automatic demand response - Google Patents
Support the electricity consumption control terminal and system and load discrimination method of automatic demand response Download PDFInfo
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- CN108964276A CN108964276A CN201810815854.3A CN201810815854A CN108964276A CN 108964276 A CN108964276 A CN 108964276A CN 201810815854 A CN201810815854 A CN 201810815854A CN 108964276 A CN108964276 A CN 108964276A
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Classifications
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- H02J13/0075—
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
- H02H7/261—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured involving signal transmission between at least two stations
- H02H7/262—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured involving signal transmission between at least two stations involving transmissions of switching or blocking orders
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
- H02H7/261—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured involving signal transmission between at least two stations
- H02H7/263—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured involving signal transmission between at least two stations involving transmissions of measured values
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
- H02J3/14—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J2203/20—Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
- Y02B70/3225—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02B90/20—Smart grids as enabling technology in buildings sector
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
- Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
- Y04S20/222—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
- Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
- Y04S20/242—Home appliances
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S40/00—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them
- Y04S40/12—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment
- Y04S40/126—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment using wireless data transmission
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of electricity consumption control terminals for supporting automatic demand response, including the external terminal of wisdom host, plug and play, five hole metope terminals, touch wireless wall switch；Household appliances connect in the external terminal of plug and play or five hole metope terminals, the information on load for connecing electrical appliance at the terminal can be captured by terminal, wisdom host is sent to by wireless, wire communication, the load of each interface is analyzed by the load recognition methods based on HMM, determines real-time load type；Managing and control system includes multiple terminals, wisdom host, wireless router, network server etc.；Internal home network is constituted using wireless, ZigBee, CAN bus, wisdom host is obtained information by power department or managed by the way that information is wirelessly uploaded to Area Network Server.The present invention can access auto response system, achieve the purpose that interact with Flexible Power Grid, balance power grid supply and demand, reduce waste of energy and user power utilization cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Smart Home technical fields, manage eventually more particularly to a kind of electricity consumption for supporting automatic demand response
End and system and load discrimination method.
Background technique
Under " energy internet " and the historical background of " internet+", smart grid is endowed in deeper development
Contain, focuses on power grid from early stage and automatically control and protect, gradually develop to the integration for emphasizing network information flow and power grid energy stream, be
Solve the problems, such as one of the effective way of electric power energy.Smart grid builds related power generation, transmission of electricity, power transformation, distribution and electricity consumption
Etc. in links, the modernization of power supply side and intelligence degree are higher, and the electricity consumption link of electric power demand side is relatively weak.It is many
Well known, 100% electric load is to access electric system by electric switch in the world, in the terminal of conventional electric power Demand-side
In load control system and management, since electricity consumption number of users is huge, electrical equipment type is in different poses and with different expressions and different with electrical characteristics,
So that the part throttle characteristics of terminal electrical equipment is difficult to determine, it is difficult to electric process and electric cost transparent, fining pipe is not achieved
The purpose of reason and control electrical equipment.
Load identification be rising in recent years a kind of online load characteristic identification technique, by collect load running parameter with
Model comparison is recognized, to tell the specific name or type of present load.Load identification is automatic demand response (ADR)
One of key technology.When power consumer participates in ADR operating mode, according to load curtailment strategy, need to access electricity system
Electric load carry out classification management, whole process needs effectively to recognize load, can be with determination which load
Demand response activity is participated in, which flexible load can be cut off at any time or selective ablation.Therefore, effective electric load monitoring
And identification, facilitate the load structure that Utilities Electric Co. understands power consumer, the load management for improving Demand-side is horizontal, passes through guidance
User is actively engaged in demand response, being reached using measures such as times for reasonable arrangement load is adjusted peak-valley difference, reduces grid loss
The purpose of；Meanwhile effective electric load monitors and identification, understands the various use of enterprise or family in depth with power consumer is helped
The energy consumption and composition of electric equipment, to take targetedly energy conservation to provide reference with responsive measures.
Summary of the invention
Place in view of the shortcomings of the prior art supports automatic demand response the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of
Electricity consumption control terminal and load discrimination method, hardware mainly include wisdom host, the external terminal of plug and play, five hole metopes ends
End, touch wireless wall switch, they can be electrically connected each power load in building and make wisdom use
The observing and controlling element of electric management system is realized by background monitoring and management software and intelligent terminal App to various electrical equipments
Long-range control and intelligent control, to complete energy consumption monitoring, scheduling, analysis and the prediction to energy situations all in building.
The set product and technology, can in the power mode for not changing original family, under the premise of not changing original domestic electrical route,
Accurate recognition load type is realized to the classification of power load, timesharing, subregion, the real-time monitoring of classification and online management, greatly
Ground improves power network to the overall planning ability of Demand-side, and provides safer, high quality service for user.The product connects
Enter to automated to respond to system, may ultimately reach interacted with Flexible Power Grid, balance power grid supply and demand, reduce waste of energy and user power utilization at
This purpose.
The purpose of the invention is achieved by the following technical solution:
A kind of electricity consumption control terminal for supporting automatic demand response, including the external terminal of wisdom host, plug and play, five holes
Metope terminal, touch wireless wall switch；
Household appliances connect in the external terminal of plug and play or five hole metope terminals and average family socket application method phase
Together, the voltage and current information for connecing electrical appliance at the terminal can be captured by terminal, be sent to wisdom master by wireless, wire communication
On machine, is analyzed by load of the wisdom host to each interface, determine real-time load type.
In order to preferably realize the present invention, the wisdom host include: first microprocessor, display module, voice module,
On-off signal/output module, the first power module, the first bus communication module, the first wireless communication module, network communication mould
Block, environment monitoring module and storage unit；
The external terminal of plug and play includes: the second microprocessor, the second wireless communication module, first voltage/electric current
Mutual inductance unit, the first load interface, first switch module, the first overload protection unit, the first commercial power interface, second source mould
Block；
The five holes metope terminal includes: third microprocessor, the second bus communication module, second voltage/Current Mutual Inductance
Unit, the second load interface, second switch module, the second overload protection unit, the second commercial power interface, third power module；
The touch wireless wall switch includes: the 4th microprocessor, third switch module, third overload protection list
Member, third commercial power interface, the 4th power module, Current Mutual Inductance unit, bulb holder, third wireless communication module and touch are pressed
Button.
Further, the first switch module, second switch module, third switch module are solid-state relay；
The first switch module is used to control the on/off of the first load interface, is directly controlled by the second microprocessor
System；
The second switch module is used to control the on/off of the second load interface, is directly controlled by third microprocessor
System；
The third switch module is used for the on/off of bulb holder, is directly controlled by the 4th microprocessor；
Quick-break: if acutely fault variation occur in load voltage, electric current, overload is micro- by second without wisdom host process
Processor, third microprocessor, the 4th microprocessor issue signal and are disconnected；
Non- quick-break: by giving the second microprocessor, third microprocessor, the 4th microprocessor to send control after wisdom Framework computing
Signal processed, is opened or closed it；
The first load interface, the second load interface are city's electric jack of common-use size, including two spring hole scokets and/or
Three-hole socket is inserted into for electric appliance to provide power supply；
The first voltage/Current Mutual Inductance unit, second voltage/Current Mutual Inductance unit, for by the voltage of load interface,
Current waveform converts the small voltage that microprocessor can acquire for high voltage, high current with the relationship of linear narrowing；
First overload protection unit, the second overload protection unit disconnect when electrical appliance overloads and come from alternating current
The power supply of interface, for protecting voltage/current detection unit not to be burned out；
The third overload protection unit is used for limiting circuit bearing power, and householder is used in limitation if electrical appliance power is excessive
Dynamic control, forcibly closes lamps and lanterns；
First mains connection, the second mains connection, third mains connection are registered one's residence 220V alternating current for connecting family,
Alternating current is introduced by connector.
Further, it the first microprocessor of the wisdom host: is received by the first wireless communication module from the
Two wireless communication modules, the first bus communication module receive the data from the second bus communication module, and carry out to data
Calculation processing, identify be connected to the first load interface, the second load interface domestic electric appliances type；According to current
Mode setting and network communication module are received by system call person by the information of Internet radio, to plug-and-play external end
End, five hole metope terminals, touch wireless wall switch are controlled；
Display module: the information on load being calculated for showing first microprocessor is shown from system call person
Notification information；As touch screen, the human-computer interaction of personnel and wisdom host are realized；
Voice module: the scheduling information from system call person is received in wisdom host, or the first load of connection connects
Mouthful, the electric appliance of the second load interface is when breaking down, wisdom host is broadcasted related suggestion content by loudspeaker；
On-off signal/output module: the way of output is power supply indicator on wisdom host, network connection indicator light, end
End connection indicator light, input mode is the virtual key for being integrated in display screen, is used for human-computer interaction；
First power module: for lowering and stabilizing blood pressure module, being electrically connected with city, and 220V alternating current is converted to 5V direct current, uses
In to each electronics in wisdom host；
First bus communication module: for CAN bus communication module, while wired communication interface is provided, for connecting third
Microprocessor receives the data from the second bus communication module, is transmitted to first microprocessor, while by the first micro process
The control signal of device is transmitted to the second bus communication module；
First wireless communication module: it for nrf or ZigBee wireless communication module, is inserted i.e. for wirelessly connection
With external terminal, the data from the second wireless communication module are received, first microprocessor is transmitted to；Simultaneously by first micro- place
The control signal of reason device is transmitted to the second wireless communication module；
Network communication module: it is given for connecting internet by first microprocessor for the network access module of WIFI agreement
Local information on load is sent to server by the module；Simultaneously receive from system call person control information, and by its
It is transmitted to first microprocessor；
Environment monitoring module: for detecting under wisdom host current environment with the presence or absence of natural gas leaking, unexpected on fire drawing
The smog risen, and monitoring information is sent to first microprocessor；
Storage unit: for storing voice messaging, storage is used for the voltage of the load type of calculating, current characteristic information,
Store cache file necessary to some first microprocessors.
Further, the second microprocessor of the external terminal of the plug and play: for electric through first by ADC acquisition
Load voltage current values after pressure/Current Mutual Inductance unit conversion, and it is sent to wisdom by the second wireless communication module
Host, for controlling the on-off of first switch module, for handling the control information from wisdom host；
Second wireless communication module: it for nrf or ZigBee wireless communication module, is used to the second microprocessor passing through first
The real-time voltage current waveform data of the collected load interface of voltage/current mutual inductance unit, is sent to positioned at wisdom host
First wireless communication module, while the control signal from the first wireless communication module is received, it is transmitted to the second microprocessor；
First voltage/Current Mutual Inductance unit: for by voltage, the current waveform of the first load interface, with linear narrowing
High voltage, high current are converted the small voltage that the second microprocessor can acquire by relationship；
First load interface: for city's electric jack of common-use size, including two spring hole scokets and/or Three-hole socket, charger is inserted
Enter to provide power supply；
First switch module: for solid-state relay or common relay, for controlling the on/off of load interface, by
Two microprocessors directly control；Quick-break: if acutely fault variation, overload, at wisdom host occur in load voltage, electric current
Reason issues signal by the second microprocessor and is disconnected；Non- quick-break: by giving the second microprocessor to send control after wisdom Framework computing
Signal processed, is opened or closed it；
First overload protection unit: when electrical appliance overloads, the power supply from commercial power interface is disconnected, for protecting electricity
Pressure/current detecting unit is not burned out；
First commercial power interface: family register one's residence 220V exchange electrical interface, i.e., alternating current is introduced by plug；
Second power supply module: being the power electronic devices of 5V direct current by 220V AC conversion, for second micro- place
Manage the electronics such as device, the second wireless communication module.
Preferably, the third microprocessor of the five holes metope terminal: for being acquired by ADC through second voltage/electricity
Load voltage current values after flowing the conversion of mutual inductance unit, and it is sent to wisdom host by second total communication module, it uses
In the on-off of control second switch module, for handling the control information from wisdom host；
Second bus communication module: electric for third microprocessor to be passed through second for CAN full duplex wire communication module
The collected second load interface real-time voltage current waveform data of pressure/Current Mutual Inductance unit, is sent to positioned at wisdom host
First bus communication module, while the control signal from the first bus communication module is received, it is transmitted to third microprocessor；
Second voltage/Current Mutual Inductance unit: for by voltage, the current waveform of the second load interface, with linear narrowing
High voltage, high current are converted the small voltage signal that third microprocessor can acquire by relationship；
Second load interface: city's electric jack, charger are inserted into provide power supply；
Second switch module: for solid-state relay or common relay, for disconnecting the on/off of the second load interface,
It is directly controlled by third microprocessor；Quick-break: if acutely fault variation, overload, without wisdom master occur in load voltage, electric current
Machine processing issues signal by third microprocessor and is disconnected；Non- quick-break: by giving third microprocessor to send out after wisdom Framework computing
Control signal is sent, it is opened or closed；
Second overload protection unit: when electrical appliance overloads, the power supply from the second commercial power interface is disconnected, for protecting
Shield second voltage/Current Mutual Inductance unit is not burned out；
Second commercial power interface: family register one's residence 220V exchange electrical interface, i.e., alternating current is introduced by plug；
Third power module: being the power electronic devices of 5V direct current by 220V AC conversion, for giving third micro- place
Manage the electronics such as device, the second bus communication module.
Further, the 4th microprocessor of the touch wireless wall switch: mutual through electric current for being acquired by ADC
Load voltage current values after feeling unit conversion, and it is sent to wisdom host by third wireless communication module；For
Control signal from touch button is sent to wisdom host by third wireless communication module；For controlling third switching molding
The on-off of block；For handling the control information from wisdom host；
Third switch module: for several solid-state relays or common relay, quantity is corresponding with bulb holder quantity,
For controlling the on/off of bulb holder, and a solid-state relay or the corresponding bulb holder all the way of common relay, by the
Four microprocessors directly control；Quick-break: if acutely fault variation, overload, at wisdom host occur in load voltage, electric current
Reason issues signal by the 4th microprocessor and is disconnected；Non- quick-break: by giving the 4th microprocessor to send control after wisdom Framework computing
Signal processed, is opened or closed it；
Third overload protection unit: limiting circuit bearing power limits user's active control if electrical appliance power is excessive
Power forcibly closes lamps and lanterns, when electrical appliance overloads, disconnects the power supply from commercial power interface, is used for protective current mutual inductance list
Member is not burned out；
Third commercial power interface: family register one's residence 220V exchange electrical interface, i.e., alternating current is introduced by plug；
4th power module: being the power electronic devices of 5V direct current by 220V AC conversion, for the 4th micro- place
The electronics such as device, third wireless communication module are managed, transformation and filtering are carried out to power input, guarantee the electricity of core circuit
Stability is pressed, prevents lamps and lanterns out of control in electronic components electric voltage exceptions such as the 4th microprocessors；
Current Mutual Inductance unit: for converting high current to the current waveform of bulb holder to the relationship of linear narrowing
The small voltage signal that 4th microprocessor can acquire；
Bulb holder: providing power input for lamps and lanterns, and alternating current is inputted by the solid-state relay of third switch module or general
Logical relay control, corresponds with solid-state relay or common relay, the alternating current of lamps and lanterns is controlled by third switch module
Input, and then control the light on and off of electric light；
Third wireless communication module: it for nrf or ZigBee wireless communication module, is wirelessly communicated for receiving from first
The control signal of module is transmitted to the 4th microprocessor, while the letter for forwarding the 4th microprocessor to send to wisdom host
Breath；
Touch button: button is exported for Boolean quantity, the 4th microprocessor is pressed by touch button in detection certain time
Dynamic number, or different controls is persistently sent to wisdom host by third wireless communication module by modes such as the durations of lower switch
Information processed needs the bulb holder for controlling which circuit to be switched on or switched off alternating current.
Preferably, the first voltage/Current Mutual Inductance unit, second voltage/Current Mutual Inductance unit include voltage inspection
It surveys module and current detection module, the voltage detection module is parallel to load interface, pass through miniature transformer and its auxiliary
220V alternating current is linearly reduced into the DC voltage that value fluctuates up and down on the basis of 2.5V by circuit, by one by operation amplifier
After the voltage follower that device is constituted, output carries out data acquisition, thus detects that load connects to microprocessor or AD conversion chip
The information of voltage of mouth；
The current detection module is series at load interface, flows through the electric current of load while can flow through the current detector,
Current signal linear is converted into voltage signal by galvanomagnetic-effect, on the one hand which enters one by operational amplifier
The voltage follower of composition is then exported by analog signal output mouth, is acquired for microprocessor or AD acquisition chip, and calculate
The value of current signal out；On the other hand, which can enter a proportional amplifier being made of operational amplifier, pass through
Change reverse input end voltage value, set the size of overcurrent threshold value, if being more than the threshold value, LED light can be bright, while overloading output and being
Low level is judged to overloading at this time.
A kind of load recognizer of the electricity consumption control terminal applied to the automatic demand response of above-mentioned support, based on HMM's
Load recognition methods, specifically includes:
Step1, building HMM model
{ N, M, π, A, B } one basic HMM model is usually described with 5 tuples, i.e.,；Wherein, N={ q1,q2,
...qNIndicate hidden state finite aggregate；M={ v1,v2,...vMIndicate Observable state finite aggregate；π={ πi},
πi=P (q1=Si) it is initial state probabilities matrix；A={ aij, it is the transfer matrix of hidden state, aij=P (qt=Sj|qt-1
=Si)；B={ bjkIndicate observation state probability distribution matrix, bjk=P (Ot=vk|qt=Sj)；SiOr SjIndicate transfer shape
State, P indicate probability；
According to the principle of basic HMM, modification is made improvements, considers the probability point of other state features of power load
Cloth, these states are hiding variables；Using load characteristic parameter (I, PIt is active,QIt is idle,FPower factor (PF)) it is used as HMM observation vector, referred to as
Many reference amounts HMM model (MPHMM)；Each state is made of the switch state of n electrical equipment in the network topology of MPHMM, n
A equipment gives observation number；
Step2, building model algorithm
If there is n power load, if the loaded total power consumption of institute is Y, load characteristic Q, the observation moment is T,
So sometime, power consumption can be indicated are as follows: Y={ y1,y2,…,yT}；It can if load characteristic Q characterization state is all
With measurement, that is, have:
So, each observed value can indicate in Y are as follows:
For load there are coefficient N and there are for coefficient matrix M fixed MPHMM, with λ={ π, A, B } table
Representation model parameter, then the algorithm description of model is as follows:
Step2.1 initiation parameter, λ ← { π, A, B }；
Step2.2 generates observation sequence Y；
Step2.3 determines the multiple parameters amount that hidden state is included in model；
Step2.4 generation status switch Q, Q ← P (Q | λ)；
Step2.5 adjusting parameter λ generates new parameter lambda ' ← λ；
Step2.6 is restrained until λ, so that the probability P (Y | λ) that observation occurs is maximum；
Step2.7 asks the maximum status switch of possibility, q·←Maxq{P(Q|Y,λ)}；
For observation sequence Y={ y1,y2,…,yT, how to select a corresponding status switch Q={ q1,q2,q3,…
qN, this is the problem of being primarily upon herein；This status switch is exactly the optimum state of identification load, and mathematically, this is asked
Topic can be indicated with formula (2)
The observation sequence of single input is only needed to find out:
MaxqP(Y|Q,λ)P(Q)
(3)
Wherein, P (Y | Q, λ) refers under conditions of hidden state sequence, the probability of observable status switch；P (Q) refers to
The prior probability of hidden state sequence；
Step3, model parameter calculation
Load can be measured with electrical characteristic parameter by intelligent electric meter and intelligent load governor, be then stored to and be
In database in system；If the load measured can be indicated with electrical characteristic parameter with following matrix:
So, the electricity consumption physical parameter of actual measurement can be indicated with a kind of polymerized form, is modeled as row vector:
Wherein,For electric current,For active power,For reactive power,For power factor；It is assumed that:
Then error calculation may be expressed as:
So,
For an electrical equipment hidden state qiThe probability of (opening or closing), is defined as follows:
Observation sequence yiProbability calculation, be defined as follows:
Initial state probabilities matrix π={ πiIt is defined as follows:
Transfering probability distribution matrix A={ aij, refer to hidden state at the t-1 moment to t moment, state is by SiIt is transformed into Sj
Making by Probability Sets, be defined as follows:
aij=P (Sj|Si)；[i,j|1≤i,j≤N]
(11)
Probability distribution matrix B={ the b of observation statejk, in any t moment, probability calculation is defined as follows:
For the more accurate type for picking out electrical equipment, two kinds of probability are in addition defined, i.e. the use of electric appliance is universal
Rate and the rate that interdepends, are indicated with PJ and YL respectively；PJ refers to that each family possesses the average proportions of certain electric appliance；YL refers to
When a kind of electrical equipment is opened, the related dependant rate with other electrical equipments, the calculating of probability distribution is made as follows:
Enable PJ={ Ppj, YL={ CijThen have:
Ppj=P (qt=pj% | qt=Si)；1≤i≤N
(13)
Cij=P (C=Si|qt=Sj)；1≤i,j≤N
(14)
So, PJ, YL and y are based oniObservation state probability are as follows:
For given state j, PJ={ a Pj, it calculates as follows:
For the YL={ C of device thereforij, at given state j, it can be calculated by Pearson correlation coefficient ρ
It obtains；It is assumed herein that the probability correlation degree that any two electric appliance is opened is greater than 0.9, in this, as an additional conditions；
Cij=P (qi|qj,ρij>0.9,Sj)；1≤i,j≤N
(19)
For all electrical equipments under given state j, state transition probability aijFor the summation of all possible probability of happening,
That is:
MPHMM model and an observable set of state sequence given for a parameter lambda, under actual conditions, MPHMM mould
Type can not directly be judged, it is also desirable to which model is learnt；Observation sequence collection Y, hidden state Q are used herein
Baum-Welch method (i.e. forward-backward algorithm algorithm) solves the problem concerning study of model；Calculated by successive ignition, acquire with
The maximum output probability Max for the observation sequence that MCFHMM model hidden state matchesqP (Q | Y, λ) }, while obtaining probability most
Big optimal state sequence model:
q·=maxq{P(Q|Y,λ)}
(21)。
Compared with prior art, advantage for present invention and the utility model has the advantages that
The phase relation load type of current temporary state characteristic value and its voltage and current when being worked according to electrical appliance is divided into:
I is resistive: water heater, electric heating fan, Electric heat radiator, water dispenser (heating device)
II perception: hair dryer, washing machine, water pump, fan (containing electrical equipment and electrical)
III small-power power electronic devices: charger, power supply, lighting apparatus etc. (power is small, harmonic content is big)
IV device for high-power power electronic: air-conditioning, electromagnetic oven, micro-wave oven etc. (power is big, harmonic content is big)
V other: while provide small-power power electronic devices for rigid load, i.e. the required load type of user；
Compared with the prior art:
1, load identification calculation method: the prior art mostly use harmonic analysis method, fourier transform method, wavelet analysis,
Artificial neural network etc. comes in every shape for load, for the Demand-side that situation is changeable, these discrimination methods are required when realizing
Assumed condition be difficult to reach sometimes, model foundation also can be extremely difficult, and identification system is established cost and can also be increased therewith, with
The above method is caused to be difficult to promote；
2, information on load acquisition mode and precision: similar-type products are used for the detection device of load identification on the market, mostly
Family's alternating current is registered one's residence end, when user uses multiple electrical appliances, (having different current informations when different types of electrical work)
Meeting so that difficulty in computation is significantly increased, can not be separated, also can not accurately be known certainly so that current information overlapping
Not；Simultaneously because calculating increasing considerably for work and required precision, the cost of signal acquisition unit and processor is also higher；
The present invention realizes in such a way that each electrical appliance follows a small-sized detection unit to accurate with each electric current information
Acquisition is greatly improved detection accuracy, reduces difficulty in computation；
3, pipe diameter design: regional power-off is carried out when being now mostly power supply system electricity shortage, the region is caused largely to pass through
Ji loss；The present invention is proposed in electricity shortage, by power department to load United Dispatching, is carried out seed type and is powered off, excision I,
II, IV type load, or the high-power load of excision do not influence normal life so that the load type that user must use is retained
Needed for work；
4, protected mode: existing equipment carries out cutting electricity after a certain electrical appliance of user breaks down, in alternating current end of registering one's residence
Source, this is stopped working with indoor all electrical appliances；The present invention is directly cut off when there are the failures such as overload, short circuit by terminal should
Electrical appliance power supply, when there is operation irregularity, by cutting off the appliances power source, the hair of accurate judgement failure after wisdom Framework computing
It is raw, while the work of other electrical appliances is not influenced.
Advantages of the present invention and beneficial effect are:
1, the present invention determines that a load electric appliance corresponds to one group of detection measuring unit on hardware, directly avoids same
Kind of product because of the fusion of different wave caused by possessing multiple load electric appliances under a measuring unit, make it difficult to using software into
Row separation, difficulty in computation increase low precision simultaneously；Calculation amount uses advanced calculator caused by increasing, with high costs etc.；I.e.
The advantage is that: signal acquisition clutter amount is few；
2, it is calculated using real-time waveform, i.e., calculating is acquired to the voltage and current at each moment, compared to extraction transient state
Feature, the present invention being capable of direct parameters such as amplitude, phase, power factor of its voltage of survey calculation and electric current；The advantage is that:
Precisely, effective calculating parameter amount is big for actual parameter acquisition, greatly simplifies the difficulty in computation of load type judgement；
3, light current calculating section (wisdom host) is separated with forceful electric power collecting part (terminal), greatly reduces alternating current generation
Interference magnetic field；The advantage is that: noiseless；
4, the present invention is consistent in usage mode with common socket；The advantage is that: without changing original family's electricity
Gas route does not change original use habit, more convenient popularization；
5, acquisition position is located at the terminal of power network electricity consumption, enables power department to be directly acquainted with most bottom under big data
Layer power information；The advantage is that: making overall planning convenient for networking, precisely dispatch.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the process schematic of support ADR of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the working principle of hardware figure of wisdom host of the invention.
Fig. 3 is the working principle of hardware figure of the external terminal of plug and play of the invention.
Fig. 4 is the working principle of hardware figure of five hole metope terminals of the invention.
Fig. 5 is the working principle of hardware figure of touch wireless wall switch of the invention.
Fig. 6 is the circuit connection diagram of voltage detection unit of the invention.
Fig. 7 is the circuit connection diagram of current detecting unit of the invention.
Fig. 8 is networking mode topological diagram of the invention.
Fig. 9 is MPHMM network topological diagram of the invention.
Specific embodiment
1-9 and embodiment are described in further detail the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawing, but embodiments of the present invention
It is without being limited thereto.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, wisdom electricity management terminal is the key node for constructing automatic demand response system (ADR) system
With core technology product, it can be electrically connected each power load in building and make wisdom power consuming administrative system
Observing and controlling element, by background monitoring and management software and intelligent terminal App, realize long-range control to various electrical equipments with
Intelligent control, to complete energy consumption monitoring, scheduling, analysis and the identification to energy situations all in building；
A kind of electricity consumption control terminal for supporting automatic demand response of the invention, including wisdom host, plug and play are external
Terminal, five hole metope terminals, touch wireless wall switch；
Household appliances connect in the external terminal of plug and play or five hole metope terminals, such as average family socket application method
Identical, the voltage and current information for connecing electrical appliance at the terminal can be captured by terminal, be sent to wisdom by wireless, wire communication
On host, is analyzed by load of the wisdom host to each interface, determine real-time load type；
The working principle of hardware of the wisdom host is as shown in Figure 2, comprising:
First microprocessor: it is received by the first wireless communication module from the second wireless communication module, the first bus
Communication module receives the data from the second bus communication module, and carries out calculation processing to data, identifies and is separately connected
In the type of the first load interface, the domestic electric appliances of the second load interface；It is arranged according to present mode and network communication mould
Block is received by system call person by the information of Internet radio, to the external terminal of plug-and-play, five hole metope terminals, touch nothing
Line wall switch is controlled；
Display module: the information on load being calculated for showing first microprocessor is shown from system call person
Notification information；As touch screen, the human-computer interaction of personnel and wisdom host are realized；
Voice module: the scheduling information from system call person is received in wisdom host, or the first load of connection connects
Mouthful, the electric appliance of the second load interface is when breaking down, wisdom host is broadcasted related suggestion content by loudspeaker；
On-off signal/output module: the way of output is power supply indicator on wisdom host, network connection indicator light, end
End connection indicator light, input mode is the virtual key for being integrated in display screen, is used for human-computer interaction；
First power module: for lowering and stabilizing blood pressure module, being electrically connected with city, and 220V alternating current is converted to 5V direct current, uses
In to each electronics in wisdom host；
First bus communication module: for CAN bus communication module, while wired communication interface is provided, for connecting third
Microprocessor receives the data from the second bus communication module, is transmitted to first microprocessor, while by the first micro process
The control signal of device is transmitted to the second bus communication module；
First wireless communication module: it for nrf or ZigBee wireless communication module, is inserted i.e. for wirelessly connection
With external terminal, the data from the second wireless communication module are received, first microprocessor is transmitted to；Simultaneously by first micro- place
The control signal of reason device is transmitted to the second wireless communication module；
Network communication module: it is given for connecting internet by first microprocessor for the network access module of WIFI agreement
Local information on load is sent to server by the module；Simultaneously receive from system call person control information, and by its
It is transmitted to first microprocessor；
Environment monitoring module: for detecting under wisdom host current environment with the presence or absence of natural gas leaking, unexpected on fire drawing
The smog risen, and monitoring information is sent to first microprocessor；
Storage unit: for storing voice messaging, storage is used for the voltage of the load type of calculating, current characteristic information,
Store cache file necessary to some first microprocessors.
The working principle of hardware of the external terminal of plug and play is as shown in Figure 3, comprising:
Second microprocessor: for the load voltage electricity by ADC acquisition after first voltage/Current Mutual Inductance unit conversion
Fluxion value, and it is sent to wisdom host by the second wireless communication module, for controlling the on-off of first switch module, use
In processing from the control information of wisdom host；
Second wireless communication module: it for nrf or ZigBee wireless communication module, is used to the second microprocessor passing through first
The real-time voltage current waveform data of the collected load interface of voltage/current mutual inductance unit, is sent to positioned at wisdom host
First wireless communication module, while the control signal from the first wireless communication module is received, it is transmitted to the second microprocessor；
First voltage/Current Mutual Inductance unit: for by voltage, the current waveform of the first load interface, with linear narrowing
High voltage, high current are converted the small voltage that the second microprocessor can acquire by relationship；
First load interface: for city's electric jack of common-use size, including two spring hole scokets and/or Three-hole socket, charger is inserted
Enter to provide power supply；
First switch module: for solid-state relay or common relay, for controlling the on/off of load interface, by
Two microprocessors directly control；Quick-break: if acutely fault variation, overload, at wisdom host occur in load voltage, electric current
Reason issues signal by the second microprocessor and is disconnected；Non- quick-break: by giving the second microprocessor to send control after wisdom Framework computing
Signal processed, is opened or closed it；
First overload protection unit: when electrical appliance overloads, the power supply from commercial power interface is disconnected, for protecting electricity
Pressure/current detecting unit is not burned out；
First commercial power interface: family register one's residence 220V exchange electrical interface, i.e., alternating current is introduced by plug；
Second power supply module: being the power electronic devices of 5V direct current by 220V AC conversion, for second micro- place
Manage the electronics such as device, the second wireless communication module.
The working principle of hardware of the five holes metope terminal is as shown in Figure 4, comprising:
Third microprocessor: for the load voltage electricity by ADC acquisition after second voltage/Current Mutual Inductance unit conversion
Fluxion value, and it is sent to wisdom host by second total communication module, for controlling the on-off of second switch module, it is used for
Handle the control information from wisdom host；
Second bus communication module: electric for third microprocessor to be passed through second for CAN full duplex wire communication module
The collected second load interface real-time voltage current waveform data of pressure/Current Mutual Inductance unit, is sent to positioned at wisdom host
First bus communication module, while the control signal from the first bus communication module is received, it is transmitted to third microprocessor；
Second voltage/Current Mutual Inductance unit: for by voltage, the current waveform of the second load interface, with linear narrowing
High voltage, high current are converted the small voltage signal that third microprocessor can acquire by relationship；
Second load interface: city's electric jack, charger are inserted into provide power supply；
Second switch module: for solid-state relay or common relay, for disconnecting the on/off of the second load interface,
It is directly controlled by third microprocessor；Quick-break: if acutely fault variation, overload, without wisdom master occur in load voltage, electric current
Machine processing issues signal by third microprocessor and is disconnected；Non- quick-break: by giving third microprocessor to send out after wisdom Framework computing
Control signal is sent, it is opened or closed；
Second overload protection unit: when electrical appliance overloads, the power supply from the second commercial power interface is disconnected, for protecting
Shield second voltage/Current Mutual Inductance unit is not burned out；
Second commercial power interface: family register one's residence 220V exchange electrical interface, i.e., alternating current is introduced by plug；
Third power module: being the power electronic devices of 5V direct current by 220V AC conversion, for giving third micro- place
Manage the electronics such as device, the second bus communication module.
The working principle of hardware of the touch wireless wall switch is as shown in Figure 5, comprising:
4th microprocessor: for the load voltage current values by ADC acquisition after the conversion of Current Mutual Inductance unit, and
It is sent to wisdom host by third wireless communication module；For will from the control signal of touch button by third without
Line communication module is sent to wisdom host；For controlling the on-off of third switch module；For handling from wisdom host
Control information；
Third switch module: for several solid-state relays or common relay, quantity is corresponding with bulb holder quantity,
For controlling the on/off of bulb holder, and a solid-state relay or the corresponding bulb holder all the way of common relay, by the
Four microprocessors directly control；Quick-break: if acutely fault variation, overload, at wisdom host occur in load voltage, electric current
Reason issues signal by the 4th microprocessor and is disconnected；Non- quick-break: by giving the 4th microprocessor to send control after wisdom Framework computing
Signal processed, is opened or closed it；
Third overload protection unit: limiting circuit bearing power limits user's active control if electrical appliance power is excessive
Power forcibly closes lamps and lanterns, when electrical appliance overloads, disconnects the power supply from commercial power interface, is used for protective current mutual inductance list
Member is not burned out；
Third commercial power interface: family register one's residence 220V exchange electrical interface, i.e., alternating current is introduced by plug；
4th power module: being the power electronic devices of 5V direct current by 220V AC conversion, for the 4th micro- place
The electronics such as device, third wireless communication module are managed, transformation and filtering are carried out to power input, guarantee the electricity of core circuit
Stability is pressed, prevents lamps and lanterns out of control in electronic components electric voltage exceptions such as the 4th microprocessors；
Current Mutual Inductance unit: for converting high current to the current waveform of bulb holder to the relationship of linear narrowing
The small voltage signal that 4th microprocessor can acquire；
Bulb holder: providing power input for lamps and lanterns, and alternating current is inputted by the solid-state relay of third switch module or general
Logical relay control, corresponds with solid-state relay or common relay, the alternating current of lamps and lanterns is controlled by third switch module
Input, and then control the light on and off of electric light；
Third wireless communication module: it for nrf or ZigBee wireless communication module, is wirelessly communicated for receiving from first
The control signal of module is transmitted to the 4th microprocessor, while the letter for forwarding the 4th microprocessor to send to wisdom host
Breath；
Touch button: button is exported for Boolean quantity, the 4th microprocessor is pressed by touch button in detection certain time
Dynamic number, or different controls is persistently sent to wisdom host by third wireless communication module by modes such as the durations of lower switch
Information processed needs the bulb holder for controlling which circuit to be switched on or switched off alternating current.
Preferably, the first switch module, second switch module, third switch module are solid-state relay；
The first switch module is used to control the on/off of the first load interface, is directly controlled by the second microprocessor
System；
The second switch module is used to control the on/off of the second load interface, is directly controlled by third microprocessor
System；
The third switch module is used for the on/off of bulb holder, is directly controlled by the 4th microprocessor；
Quick-break: if acutely fault variation occur in load voltage, electric current, overload is micro- by second without wisdom host process
Processor, third microprocessor, the 4th microprocessor issue signal and are disconnected；
Non- quick-break: by giving the second microprocessor, third microprocessor, the 4th microprocessor to send control after wisdom Framework computing
Signal processed, is opened or closed it；
The first load interface, the second load interface are city's electric jack of common-use size, including two spring hole scokets and/or
Three-hole socket is inserted into for electric appliance to provide power supply；
The first voltage/Current Mutual Inductance unit, second voltage/Current Mutual Inductance unit, for by the voltage of load interface,
Current waveform converts the small voltage that microprocessor can acquire for high voltage, high current with the relationship of linear narrowing；
First overload protection unit, the second overload protection unit disconnect when electrical appliance overloads and come from alternating current
The power supply of interface, for protecting voltage/current detection unit not to be burned out；
The third overload protection unit is used for limiting circuit bearing power, and householder is used in limitation if electrical appliance power is excessive
Dynamic control, forcibly closes lamps and lanterns；
First mains connection, the second mains connection, third mains connection are registered one's residence 220V alternating current for connecting family,
Alternating current is introduced by connector.
Further, the first voltage/Current Mutual Inductance unit, second voltage/Current Mutual Inductance unit include voltage inspection
Survey module and current detection module；
The circuit of the voltage detection module as shown in fig. 6, it is parallel to load interface, by miniature transformer and its
220V alternating current is linearly reduced into the DC voltage that value fluctuates up and down on the basis of 2.5V by auxiliary circuit, by one by operation
After the voltage follower that amplifier is constituted, output carries out data acquisition, thus detects to bear to microprocessor or AD conversion chip
The information of voltage of lotus interface；
The circuit of the current detection module flows through the electric current of load while meeting as shown in fig. 7, it is series at load interface
Flow through the current detector, current signal linear be converted to by voltage signal by galvanomagnetic-effect, the voltage signal on the one hand into
Enter the voltage follower being made of operational amplifier, then exported by analog signal output mouth, for microprocessor or AD
Acquisition chip acquisition, and calculate the value of current signal；On the other hand, which can enter one by operational amplifier structure
At proportional amplifier, by change reverse input end voltage value, set overcurrent threshold value size, if be more than the threshold value, LED light
Can be bright, while overloading output is low level, is judged to overloading at this time.
As shown in figure 8, when using control terminal of the invention, forms a kind of electricity consumption for supporting automatic demand response and manage
System, the system include multiple control terminals of the present invention, host, wireless router and Area Network Server etc., are adopted
Internal home network is constituted with WIFI, Zigbee, CAN, RS485 bus etc., information is uploaded to Local Area Network clothes by WIFI by host
Business device is obtained information by access to the Internet Area Network Server by power department or is managed.
A kind of load recognizer of the electricity consumption control terminal applied to the automatic demand response of above-mentioned support, based on HMM's
Load recognition methods, specifically includes:
Step1, building HMM model
{ N, M, π, A, B } one basic HMM model is usually described with 5 tuples, i.e.,；Wherein, N={ q1,q2,
...qNIndicate hidden state finite aggregate；M={ v1,v2,...vMIndicate Observable state finite aggregate；π={ πi},
πi=P (q1=Si) it is initial state probabilities matrix；A={ aij, it is the transfer matrix of hidden state, aij=P (qt=Sj|qt-1
=Si)；B={ bjkIndicate observation state probability distribution matrix, bjk=P (Ot=vk|qt=Sj)；SiOr SjIndicate transfer shape
State, P indicate probability；
According to the principle of basic HMM, modification is made improvements, considers the probability point of other state features of power load
Cloth, these states are hiding variables；Using load characteristic parameter (I, PIt is active,QIt is idle,FPower factor (PF)) it is used as HMM observation vector, referred to as
Many reference amounts HMM model (MPHMM)；Each state is made of the switch state of n electrical equipment in the network topology of MPHMM, n
A equipment gives observation number；
Step2, building model algorithm
If there is n power load, if the loaded total power consumption of institute is Y, load characteristic Q, the observation moment is T,
So sometime, power consumption can be indicated are as follows: Y={ y1,y2,…,yT}；It can if load characteristic Q characterization state is all
With measurement, that is, have:
So, each observed value can indicate in Y are as follows:
For load there are coefficient N and there are for coefficient matrix M fixed MPHMM, with λ={ π, A, B } table
Representation model parameter, then the algorithm description of model is as follows:
Step2.1 initiation parameter, λ ← { π, A, B }；
Step2.2 generates observation sequence Y；
Step2.3 determines the multiple parameters amount that hidden state is included in model；
Step2.4 generation status switch Q, Q ← P (Q | λ)；
Step2.5 adjusting parameter λ generates new parameter lambda ' ← λ；
Step2.6 is restrained until λ, so that the probability P (Y | λ) that observation occurs is maximum；
Step2.7 asks the maximum status switch of possibility, q·←Maxq{P(Q|Y,λ)}；
For observation sequence Y={ y1,y2,…,yT, how to select a corresponding status switch Q={ q1,q2,q3,…
qN, this is the problem of being primarily upon herein；This status switch is exactly the optimum state of identification load, and mathematically, this is asked
Topic can be indicated with formula (2)
The observation sequence of single input is only needed to find out:
MaxqP(Y|Q,λ)P(Q)
(3)
Wherein, P (Y | Q, λ) refers under conditions of hidden state sequence, the probability of observable status switch；P (Q) refers to
The prior probability of hidden state sequence；
Step3, model parameter calculation
Load can be measured with electrical characteristic parameter by intelligent electric meter and intelligent load governor, be then stored to and be
In database in system；If the load measured can be indicated with electrical characteristic parameter with following matrix:
So, the electricity consumption physical parameter of actual measurement can be indicated with a kind of polymerized form, is modeled as row vector:
Wherein,For electric current,For active power,For reactive power,For power factor；It is assumed that:
Then error calculation may be expressed as:
So,
For an electrical equipment hidden state qiThe probability of (opening or closing), is defined as follows:
Observation sequence yiProbability calculation, be defined as follows:
Initial state probabilities matrix π={ πiIt is defined as follows:
Transfering probability distribution matrix A={ aij, refer to hidden state at the t-1 moment to t moment, state is by SiIt is transformed into Sj
Making by Probability Sets, be defined as follows:
aij=P (Sj|Si)；[i,j|1≤i,j≤N]
(11)
Probability distribution matrix B={ the b of observation statejk, in any t moment, probability calculation is defined as follows:
For the more accurate type for picking out electrical equipment, two kinds of probability are in addition defined, i.e. the use of electric appliance is universal
Rate and the rate that interdepends, are indicated with PJ and YL respectively；PJ refers to that each family possesses the average proportions of certain electric appliance；YL refers to
When a kind of electrical equipment is opened, the related dependant rate with other electrical equipments, the calculating of probability distribution is made as follows:
Enable PJ={ Ppj, YL={ CijThen have:
Ppj=P (qt=pj% | qt=Si)；1≤i≤N
(13)
Cij=P (C=Si|qt=Sj)；1≤i,j≤N
(14)
So, PJ, YL and y are based oniObservation state probability are as follows:
For given state j, PJ={ a Pj, it calculates as follows:
For the YL={ C of device thereforij, at given state j, it can be calculated by Pearson correlation coefficient ρ
It obtains；It is assumed herein that the probability correlation degree that any two electric appliance is opened is greater than 0.9, in this, as an additional conditions；
Cij=P (qi|qj,ρij>0.9,Sj)；1≤i,j≤N
(19)
For all electrical equipments under given state j, state transition probability aijFor the summation of all possible probability of happening,
That is:
MPHMM model and an observable set of state sequence given for a parameter lambda, under actual conditions, MPHMM mould
Type can not directly be judged, it is also desirable to which model is learnt；Observation sequence collection Y, hidden state Q are used herein
Baum-Welch method (i.e. forward-backward algorithm algorithm) solves the problem concerning study of model；Calculated by successive ignition, acquire with
The maximum output probability Max for the observation sequence that MCFHMM model hidden state matchesqP (Q | Y, λ) }, while obtaining probability most
Big optimal state sequence model:
q·=maxq{P(Q|Y,λ)}
(21)。
In conclusion description through this embodiment, can make those skilled in the art's better implementation this programme.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of electricity consumption control terminal for supporting automatic demand response, it is characterised in that: external including wisdom host, plug and play
Terminal, five hole metope terminals, touch wireless wall switch；
Household appliances connect it is identical with average family socket application method in the external terminal of plug and play or five hole metope terminals,
The voltage and current information for connecing electrical appliance at the terminal can be captured by terminal, be sent to wisdom host by wireless, wire communication
On, it is analyzed by load of the wisdom host to each interface, determines real-time load type.
2. a kind of electricity consumption control terminal for supporting automatic demand response according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The wisdom host includes: first microprocessor, display module, voice module, On-off signal/output module, first
Power module, the first bus communication module, the first wireless communication module, network communication module, environment monitoring module and storage are single
Member；
The external terminal of plug and play includes: the second microprocessor, the second wireless communication module, first voltage/Current Mutual Inductance
Unit, the first load interface, first switch module, the first overload protection unit, the first commercial power interface, second power supply module；
The five holes metope terminal include: third microprocessor, the second bus communication module, second voltage/Current Mutual Inductance unit,
Second load interface, second switch module, the second overload protection unit, the second commercial power interface, third power module；
The touch wireless wall switch includes: the 4th microprocessor, third switch module, third overload protection unit,
Three commercial power interfaces, the 4th power module, Current Mutual Inductance unit, several bulb holders, third wireless communication module and touch button.
3. a kind of electricity consumption control terminal for supporting automatic demand response according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: described
One switch module, second switch module, third switch module are solid-state relay；
The first switch module is used to control the on/off of the first load interface, is directly controlled by the second microprocessor；
The second switch module is used to control the on/off of the second load interface, is directly controlled by third microprocessor；
The third switch module is used for the on/off of bulb holder, is directly controlled by the 4th microprocessor；
Quick-break: if acutely fault variation, overload, without wisdom host process, by the second micro process occur in load voltage, electric current
Device, third microprocessor, the 4th microprocessor issue signal and are disconnected；
Non- quick-break: by giving the second microprocessor, third microprocessor, the 4th microprocessor to send control letter after wisdom Framework computing
Number, it is opened or closed；
The first load interface, the second load interface are city's electric jack of common-use size, including two spring hole scokets and/or three holes
Socket is inserted into for electric appliance to provide power supply；
The first voltage/Current Mutual Inductance unit, second voltage/Current Mutual Inductance unit, for by the voltage of load interface, electric current
Waveform converts the small voltage that microprocessor can acquire for high voltage, high current with the relationship of linear narrowing；
First overload protection unit, the second overload protection unit disconnect when electrical appliance overloads and come from commercial power interface
Power supply, for protecting voltage/current detection unit not to be burned out；
The third overload protection unit is used for limiting circuit bearing power, and user is limited if electrical appliance power is excessive and is actively controlled
System power, forcibly closes lamps and lanterns；
First mains connection, the second mains connection, third mains connection are registered one's residence 220V alternating current for connecting family, i.e., logical
Connector is crossed to introduce alternating current.
4. a kind of electricity consumption control terminal for supporting automatic demand response according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the intelligence
Intelligent host
First microprocessor: it is received by the first wireless communication module from the second wireless communication module, the first bus communication
Module receives the data from the second bus communication module, and carries out calculation processing to data, identifies and is connected to the
One load interface, the second load interface domestic electric appliances type；It is arranged according to present mode and network communication module connects
It receives by system call person by the information of Internet radio, to the external terminal of plug-and-play, five hole metope terminals, touch wireless wall
Face switch is controlled；
Display module: the information on load being calculated for showing first microprocessor shows the notice from system call person
Information；As touch screen, the human-computer interaction of personnel and wisdom host are realized；
Voice module: receiving the scheduling information from system call person in wisdom host, or the first load interface of connection, the
When the electric appliance of two load interfaces breaks down, wisdom host is broadcasted related suggestion content by loudspeaker；
On-off signal/output module: the way of output is power supply indicator on wisdom host, network connection indicator light, terminal company
Indicator light is connect, input mode is the virtual key for being integrated in display screen, is used for human-computer interaction；
First power module: for lowering and stabilizing blood pressure module, being electrically connected with city, 220V alternating current is converted to 5V direct current, for giving
Each electronics in wisdom host；
First bus communication module: for CAN bus communication module, while wired communication interface is provided, for connecting the micro- place of third
Device is managed, the data from the second bus communication module is received, is transmitted to first microprocessor, while by first microprocessor
Control signal is transmitted to the second bus communication module；
First wireless communication module: it for nrf or ZigBee wireless communication module, is used to wirelessly connect outside plug and play
Terminal is set, the data from the second wireless communication module is received, is transmitted to first microprocessor；Simultaneously by first microprocessor
Control signal be transmitted to the second wireless communication module；
Network communication module: pass through for connecting internet to by first microprocessor for the network access module of WIFI agreement
The module sends local information on load to server；The control information from system call person is received simultaneously, and is forwarded
To first microprocessor；
Environment monitoring module: on fire caused with the presence or absence of natural gas leaking, accident under wisdom host current environment for detecting
Smog, and monitoring information is sent to first microprocessor；
Storage unit: for storing voice messaging, the voltage of load type of the storage for calculating, current characteristic information, storage
Cache file necessary to some first microprocessors.
5. a kind of electricity consumption control terminal for supporting automatic demand response according to claim 2, which is characterized in that described to be
The external terminal of plug-and-play
Second microprocessor: for the load voltage electric current number by ADC acquisition after first voltage/Current Mutual Inductance unit conversion
Value, and it is sent to wisdom host by the second wireless communication module, for controlling the on-off of first switch module, for locating
Manage the control information from wisdom host；
Second wireless communication module: electric for the second microprocessor to be passed through first for nrf or ZigBee wireless communication module
The real-time voltage current waveform data of the collected load interface of pressure/Current Mutual Inductance unit is sent to positioned at wisdom host
One wireless communication module, while the control signal from the first wireless communication module is received, it is transmitted to the second microprocessor；
First voltage/Current Mutual Inductance unit: for by voltage, the current waveform of the first load interface, with the relationship of linear narrowing,
The small voltage that the second microprocessor can acquire is converted by high voltage, high current；
First load interface: for city's electric jack of common-use size, including two spring hole scokets and/or Three-hole socket, charger insertion with
Power supply is provided；
First switch module: micro- by second for controlling the on/off of load interface for solid-state relay or common relay
Processor directly controls；Quick-break: if there is acutely fault variation in load voltage, electric current, overload, without wisdom host process,
Signal is issued by the second microprocessor to be disconnected；Non- quick-break: by giving the second microprocessor to send control after wisdom Framework computing
It is opened or closed in signal；
First overload protection unit: when electrical appliance overloads, disconnect the power supply from commercial power interface, for protect voltage/
Current detecting unit is not burned out；
First commercial power interface: family register one's residence 220V exchange electrical interface, i.e., alternating current is introduced by plug；
Second power supply module: by 220V AC conversion be 5V direct current power electronic devices, for the second microprocessor,
The electronics such as the second wireless communication module.
6. a kind of electricity consumption control terminal for supporting automatic demand response according to claim 2, which is characterized in that described five
Hole metope terminal
Third microprocessor: for the load voltage electric current number by ADC acquisition after second voltage/Current Mutual Inductance unit conversion
Value, and it is sent to wisdom host by second total communication module, for controlling the on-off of second switch module, for handling
From the control information of wisdom host；
Second bus communication module: for CAN full duplex wire communication module, for by third microprocessor by second voltage/
The collected second load interface real-time voltage current waveform data of Current Mutual Inductance unit, is sent to first positioned at wisdom host
Bus communication module, while the control signal from the first bus communication module is received, it is transmitted to third microprocessor；
Second voltage/Current Mutual Inductance unit: for by voltage, the current waveform of the second load interface, with the relationship of linear narrowing,
The small voltage signal that third microprocessor can acquire is converted by high voltage, high current；
Second load interface: city's electric jack, charger are inserted into provide power supply；
Second switch module: for solid-state relay or common relay, for disconnecting the on/off of the second load interface, by
Three microprocessors directly control；Quick-break: if acutely fault variation, overload, at wisdom host occur in load voltage, electric current
Reason issues signal by third microprocessor and is disconnected；Non- quick-break: by giving third microprocessor to send control after wisdom Framework computing
Signal processed, is opened or closed it；
Second overload protection unit: when electrical appliance overloads, the power supply from the second commercial power interface is disconnected, for protecting the
Two voltage/current mutual inductance units are not burned out；
Second commercial power interface: family register one's residence 220V exchange electrical interface, i.e., alternating current is introduced by plug；
Third power module: by 220V AC conversion be 5V direct current power electronic devices, for third microprocessor,
The electronics such as the second bus communication module.
7. a kind of electricity consumption control terminal for supporting automatic demand response according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the touching
Touch the wireless wall switch of formula
4th microprocessor: for by ADC acquisition through Current Mutual Inductance unit conversion after load voltage current values, and by its
Wisdom host is sent to by third wireless communication module；For third channel radio will to be passed through from the control signal of touch button
Letter module is sent to wisdom host；For controlling the on-off of third switch module；For handling the control from wisdom host
Information；
Third switch module: for several solid-state relays or common relay, quantity is corresponding with bulb holder quantity, is used for
The on/off of bulb holder, and a solid-state relay or the corresponding bulb holder all the way of common relay are controlled, it is micro- by the 4th
Processor directly controls；Quick-break: if there is acutely fault variation in load voltage, electric current, overload, without wisdom host process,
Signal is issued by the 4th microprocessor to be disconnected；Non- quick-break: by giving the 4th microprocessor to send control after wisdom Framework computing
It is opened or closed in signal；
Third overload protection unit: limiting circuit bearing power limits user's active control power, by force if electrical appliance power is excessive
System close lamps and lanterns, when electrical appliance overload, disconnection the power supply from commercial power interface, be used for protective current mutual inductance unit not by
It burns；
Third commercial power interface: family register one's residence 220V exchange electrical interface, i.e., alternating current is introduced by plug；
4th power module: by 220V AC conversion be 5V direct current power electronic devices, for the 4th microprocessor,
The electronics such as third wireless communication module carry out transformation and filtering to power input, guarantee that the voltage of core circuit is steady
It is qualitative, prevent lamps and lanterns out of control in electronic components electric voltage exceptions such as the 4th microprocessors；
Current Mutual Inductance unit: for the relationship of linear narrowing, converting the 4th for high current for the current waveform of bulb holder
The small voltage signal that microprocessor can acquire；
Bulb holder: providing power input for lamps and lanterns, alternating current input by third switch module solid-state relay or commonly after
Electrical equipment control is corresponded with solid-state relay or common relay, is inputted by the alternating current that third switch module controls lamps and lanterns,
And then control the light on and off of electric light；
Third wireless communication module: it for nrf or ZigBee wireless communication module, is used to receive from the first wireless communication module
Control signal, be transmitted to the 4th microprocessor, while the information for forwarding the 4th microprocessor to send to wisdom host；
Touch button: exporting button for Boolean quantity, and the 4th microprocessor is pressed time by touch button in detection certain time
Number, or persistently different control is sent to wisdom host by third wireless communication module and is believed by modes such as the durations of lower switch
Breath, that is, need the bulb holder for controlling which circuit to be switched on or switched off alternating current.
8. a kind of any electricity consumption control terminal for supporting automatic demand response, feature exist in -7 according to claim 1
In: the first voltage/Current Mutual Inductance unit, second voltage/Current Mutual Inductance unit include voltage detection module and electric current inspection
Module is surveyed, and the voltage detection module is parallel to load interface, 220V is exchanged by miniature transformer and its auxiliary circuit
The linear DC voltage for being reduced on the basis of 2.5V value and fluctuating up and down, the voltage being made of by one operational amplifier with
After device, output carries out data acquisition, thus detects the information of voltage of load interface to microprocessor or AD conversion chip；
The current detection module is series at load interface, flows through the electric current of load while can flow through the current detector, passes through
Current signal linear is converted to voltage signal by galvanomagnetic-effect, on the one hand which enters one and be made of operational amplifier
Voltage follower, then exported, acquired for microprocessor or AD acquisition chip, and calculate electricity by analog signal output mouth
Flow the value of signal；On the other hand, which can enter a proportional amplifier being made of operational amplifier, pass through change
Reverse input end voltage value sets the size of overcurrent threshold value, if being more than the threshold value, LED light can be bright, while overloading output is low electricity
It is flat, it is judged to overloading at this time.
9. a kind of load identification applied to the electricity consumption control terminal for supporting automatic demand response any in claim 1-8
Algorithm, which is characterized in that the load recognition methods based on HMM specifically includes:
Step1, building HMM model
{ N, M, π, A, B } one basic HMM model is usually described with 5 tuples, i.e.,；Wherein, N={ q1, q2... qN}
Indicate the finite aggregate of hidden state；M={ v1, v2... vMIndicate Observable state finite aggregate；π={ πi, πi=P
(q1=Si) it is initial state probabilities matrix；A={ aij, it is the transfer matrix of hidden state, aij=P (qt=Sj|qt-1=Si)；
B={ bjkIndicate observation state probability distribution matrix, bjk=P (Ot=vk|qt=Sj)；SiOr SjIndicate transfering state, P table
Show probability；
According to the principle of basic HMM, modification is made improvements, considers the probability distribution of other state features of power load,
These states are hiding variables；Using load characteristic parameter (I, PIt is active, QIt is idle, FPower factor (PF)) it is used as HMM observation vector, it is referred to as more
Parameter HMM model (MPHMM)；Each state is made of the switch state of n electrical equipment in the network topology of MPHMM, and n
Equipment gives observation number；
Step2, building model algorithm
If there is n power load, if the loaded total power consumption of institute is Y, load characteristic Q, the observation moment is T, then
Sometime, power consumption can be indicated are as follows: Y={ y1, y2..., yT}；It can be with if load characteristic Q characterization state is all
Measurement, that is, have:
So, each observed value can indicate in Y are as follows:
For load there are coefficient N and there are for coefficient matrix M fixed MPHMM, mould is indicated with λ={ π, A, B }
Shape parameter, then the algorithm description of model is as follows:
Step2.1 initiation parameter, λ ← { π, A, B }；
Step2.2 generates observation sequence Y；
Step2.3 determines the multiple parameters amount that hidden state is included in model；
Step2.4 generation status switch Q, Q ← P (Q | λ)；
Step2.5 adjusting parameter λ generates new parameter lambda ' ← λ；
Step2.6 is restrained until λ, so that the probability P (Y | λ) that observation occurs is maximum；
Step2.7 asks the maximum status switch of possibility, q·←MaxqP (Q | Y, λ) }；
For observation sequence Y={ y1, y2..., yT, how to select a corresponding status switch Q={ q1, q2, q3... qN,
This is the problem of being primarily upon herein；This status switch is exactly the optimum state of identification load, and mathematically, this problem can
To be indicated with formula (2)
The observation sequence of single input is only needed to find out:
MaxqP (Y | Q, λ) P (Q) (3)
Wherein, P (Y | Q, λ) refers under conditions of hidden state sequence, the probability of observable status switch；P (Q) refers to hiding
The prior probability of status switch；
Step3, model parameter calculation
Can being measured by intelligent electric meter and intelligent load governor with electrical characteristic parameter for load, is then stored in system
Database in；If the load measured can be indicated with electrical characteristic parameter with following matrix:
So, the electricity consumption physical parameter of actual measurement can be indicated with a kind of polymerized form, is modeled as row vector:
Wherein,For electric current,For active power,For reactive power,For power factor；It is assumed that:
Then error calculation may be expressed as:
So,
For an electrical equipment hidden state qiThe probability of (opening or closing), is defined as follows:
Observation sequence yiProbability calculation, be defined as follows:
Initial state probabilities matrix π={ πiIt is defined as follows:
Transfering probability distribution matrix A={ aij, refer to hidden state at the t-1 moment to t moment, state is by SiIt is transformed into SjIt is general
Rate set, is defined as follows:
aij=P (Sj|Si)；[i, j | 1≤i, j≤N] (11)
Probability distribution matrix B={ the b of observation statejk, in any t moment, probability calculation is defined as follows:
For the more accurate type for picking out electrical equipment, in addition define two kinds of probability, i.e., use the popularity rate of electric appliance with
Interdepend rate, is indicated respectively with PJ and YL；PJ refers to that each family possesses the average proportions of certain electric appliance；YL refers to one kind
When electrical equipment is opened, the related dependant rate with other electrical equipments, the calculating of probability distribution is made as follows:
Enable PJ={ Ppj, YL={ CijThen have:
Ppj=P (qt=pj% | qt=Si)；1≤i≤N (13)
Cij=P (C=Si|qt=Sj)；1≤i, j≤N (14)
So, PJ, YL and y are based oniObservation state probability are as follows:
For given state j, PJ={ a Pj, it calculates as follows:
For the YL={ C of device thereforij, at given state j, it can be calculated by Pearson correlation coefficient ρ；
It is assumed herein that the probability correlation degree that any two electric appliance is opened is greater than 0.9, in this, as an additional conditions；
Cij=P (qi|qj, ρij> 0.9, Sj)；1≤i, j≤N (19)
For all electrical equipments under given state j, state transition probability aijFor the summation of all possible probability of happening, it may be assumed that
MPHMM model and an observable set of state sequence given for a parameter lambda, under actual conditions, MPHMM model is simultaneously
Cannot directly it be judged, it is also desirable to which model is learnt；For observation sequence collection Y, hidden state Q, Baum- is used herein
Welch method (i.e. forward-backward algorithm algorithm) solves the problem concerning study of model；It is calculated, is acquired and MCFHMM mould by successive ignition
The maximum output probability Max for the observation sequence that type hidden state matchesqP (Q | Y, λ) }, while obtaining the optimal of maximum probability
State sequence model:
q·=maxqP (Q | Y, λ) } (21).
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| CN113050486A (en) * | 2021-03-12 | 2021-06-29 | 南京工程学院 | Electric power system edge calculation and data distribution device based on industrial personal computer |
| CN113050486B (en) * | 2021-03-12 | 2022-06-17 | 南京工程学院 | Electric power system edge calculation and data distribution device based on industrial personal computer |
| CN113154518A (en) * | 2021-05-17 | 2021-07-23 | 沈阳恒久安泰环保与节能科技有限公司 | Intelligent heat supply control system based on residential electricity load scheduling |
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