A kind of austenitic heat-resistance steel and preparation method thereof containing zirconium
Technical field
The present invention relates to steel material technical fields, and in particular to a kind of containing the austenitic heat-resistance steel of zirconium and its preparation side
Method.
Background technique
Austenitic stainless steel have excellent corrosion resistance, weldability and comprehensive mechanical property, aerospace, chemical industry,
It is widely applied in the industries such as atomic energy.But common heat resisting steel operating temperature is more than 900 DEG C, and intensity starts to be decreased obviously,
Oxidation rate is also obviously accelerated.Due to the development of technology, the temperature that heat proof material is on active service is higher and higher, and use condition is more
Complexity, so working equipment increases under ultra-high temperature condition, high-temperature oxydation problem, which has become, to be restricted it and is applied to hot environment
Key factor.Therefore, developing is suitble to the heat-resisting steel material to work under ultra-high temperature condition increasingly to seem urgent.At present about raising
The service life of heat resisting steel, home and abroad scholar and manufacturing enterprise have carried out many researchs and exploration.In fact, both at home and abroad about
There is no substantive breakthroughs in terms of high-temperature behavior (mechanical property and antioxygenic property) for the exploitation of heat resistance steel material.
In high temperature alloy, some microelements can significantly affect its mechanical property with very low content, become high temperature
The research hotspot of alloy field.But influence of the microelement to high temperature alloy often has diversity, some to be commonly referred to be
Significantly even opposite conversion, different alloys can occur for harmful or beneficial element, at different conditions, effect
Under system, different microelements is not quite similar to the effect of alloy and rule and the mechanism of action.Therefore with superperformance
Heat resisting steel has great importance for the development of steel.
Summary of the invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of austenitic heat-resistance steel containing zirconium, this is heat-resisting
Steel has good mechanical behavior under high temperature and high-temperature oxidation resistance, suitable for materials such as the heat-resisting equipment be on active service under hot environment
Matter.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the preparation method of the above-mentioned austenitic heat-resistance steel containing zirconium, preparation method behaviour
Make simply, controllability is strong, easy to industrialized production.
The present invention solves its technical problem and adopts the following technical solutions to realize.
The present invention proposes a kind of austenitic heat-resistance steel containing zirconium, by mass percentage, including C:0.06~0.2%, Si:
0.4~1.0%, Mn:0.5~1.5%, Cr:16~22%, Ni:28~34%, Zr:0.2~0.35%, the Fe of surplus and miscellaneous
Prime element.
The present invention proposes a kind of preparation method of austenitic heat-resistance steel containing zirconium, comprising: according to the ratio by raw material mixed melting,
Castable, then post-processed.
The beneficial effect comprise that
The present invention rationally controls the content of carbon, silicon, manganese, chromium, nickel and zirconium by the way that zr element is added, through the invention
The preparation method of offer obtains the austenitic heat-resistance steel with good mechanical behavior under high temperature and high-temperature oxidation resistance.At 700 DEG C
The tensile strength and elongation of material are respectively to be greater than 290MPa and greater than 30%;The oxygen of 150h unit area is aoxidized at 1000 DEG C
Change weight gain and is less than 28.3g/m2.Suitable for materials such as the heat-resisting equipment be on active service under hot environment.The preparation method is easy to operate, can
Control property is strong, easy to industrialized production.
Specific embodiment
It in order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below will be in the embodiment of the present invention
Technical solution be clearly and completely described.The person that is not specified actual conditions in embodiment, according to normal conditions or manufacturer builds
The condition of view carries out.Reagents or instruments used without specified manufacturer is the conventional production that can be obtained by commercially available purchase
Product.
A kind of austenitic heat-resistance steel and preparation method thereof containing zirconium of the embodiment of the present invention is specifically described below.
The embodiment of the invention provides a kind of austenitic heat-resistance steels containing zirconium, by mass percentage, including C:0.06~
0.2%, Si:0.4~1.0%, Mn:0.5~1.5%, Cr:16~22%, Ni:28~34%, Zr:0.2~0.35%, surplus
Fe and impurity element.
In above-mentioned chemical component, carbon is that effectively to assign suitable tensile strength and high-temperature and durable needed for heat resisting steel strong
The component of degree.However, the toughness for making alloy is reduced and weldability may be destroyed if carbon content is excessively high.For this purpose, of the invention
Middle carbon content is limited to 0.06~0.2%.Carbon content can be 0.07%, 0.08%, 0.09%.Preferably, carbon content can be with
It is 0.1~0.2%, wherein carbon content can be 0.11%, 0.13%, 0.15%, 0.16%, 0.19%.
Silicon is conducive to improve the high temperature oxidation resistance of heat resisting steel, but excessive silicon will destroy the welding performance of alloy, if
It is chronically exposed to the ductility and toughness that σ phase easy to form under hot environment destroys alloy.For this purpose, silicone content be limited to 0.4~
1.0%, silicone content can for 0.42%, 0.45%, 0.48%, 0.71%, 0.77%, 0.79%, 0.81%, 0.82%,
0.84%, 0.88%, 0.90%, 0.94%, 0.97%.Preferably, silicone content can be 0.5~0.7%, wherein silicone content
It can be 0.51%, 0.53%, 0.58%, 0.62%, 0.67%, 0.69%.
Manganese energy stable austenite, and can increase solubility of the nitrogen in austenite, manganese content is excessively high can impair it is anti-oxidant
Property, low-alloyed creep limit is dropped.For this purpose, manganese content is not to be exceeded 1.5%, manganese content is 0.5~1.5% in the present invention.Manganese
Content can be 0.55%, 0.6%, 0.65%, 0.7%, 0.75%.Preferably, manganese content is 0.8~1.5%.Wherein, manganese
Content can be 0.85%, 0.9%, 1.0%, 1.05%, 1.1%, 1.3%.
Chromium can improve the inoxidizability and corrosion resistance of heat resisting steel, and the fine and close oxidation containing chromium can be formed in the medium of oxidation
Film, energy tissue metal matrix continue to destroy.For this respect, in order to reach enough corrosion resistances, it is desirable that chromium content is at least
20%.However if chromium content is excessively high, for stable austenite and the shape achievement need of σ phase is inhibited to increase the content of nickel, be based on
These consider that chromium content is limited in 16~22%.Chromium content can be 20.5%, 21%, 21.5%.Preferably, chromium content is
16.5~20%.Wherein, chromium content can be 17%, 17.5%, 18%, 19%, 19.5%.
Nickel is the element for forming and stablizing austenite strongly and expanding austenite phase field, under specific chromium content, is increased
Nickel content inhibits oxide growth rate and increases the trend for forming continuous oxidation layers of chrome.Therefore, nickel content preferably 28~
34%.Nickel content can be 28.5%, 29%, 33.5%.Preferably, nickel content is 30~33%.Wherein, nickel content can be
30.5%, 31%, 31.5%, 32%.
Microelement can not only cleaning molten steel, and the solidified structure of steel can be refined, change the property of field trash, form and
Distribution, to improve the properties of steel.As surface active element, grain boundary decision activation energy can increase, can hinder crystalline substance
Boundary's sliding, and increase the surface energy of grain-boundary crack, to improving, creep rupture strength is largely effective;In addition, micro Yuan's art can make heat resisting steel
Oxide layer growth speed at high operating temperatures is suppressed, and is formed by oxide layer and is well combined with matrix, in high temperature circulation
Matrix can be protected not to be further oxided under effect.
Zirconium is seen as a cleaning element in some high temperature alloys, by and the combination of C and S form carbide and carbon sulphur
Compound, and these elements are reduced in the solid solution concentration of crystal boundary, therefore addition zirconium helps to purify crystal boundary, enhancing crystal boundary combines
Power, and then be conducive to keep the elevated temperature strength and rupture ductility of alloy.Zirconium content of the present invention is 0.2~0.35%.Can be
0.33%, 0.34%.Preferably, zirconium content is 0.2~0.32%.Wherein, zirconium content can for 0.21%, 0.22%,
0.23%, 0.26%, 0.27%, 0.29%.
Further, in the present invention preferably embodiment, austenitic heat-resistance steel contains a small amount of sulphur and phosphorus, needs to illustrate
, S≤0.03%, P≤0.03%.The more mechanical behavior under high temperature that will affect austenitic heat-resistance steel of the content of sulphur and phosphorus and height
Warm oxidation resistance, therefore its content need to be controlled.
The embodiment of the invention provides the preparation methods of the above-mentioned austenitic heat-resistance steel containing zirconium, comprising: according to the ratio by raw material
Mixed melting, castable, then post-processed.
Specifically, the present invention is using steel scrap, manganese iron and ferrosilicon, ferrochrome, ferronickel and ferrozirconium as raw material, it is heat-resisting according to modified zirconia
Each composition by weight percent of steel, calculates and each raw material of weighing, and carries out ingredient.
Steel scrap is heated to 1440 DEG C~1460 DEG C in electric furnace and is fused into the first molten steel, after the first molten steel is melting down, according to
Secondary addition manganese iron and ferrosilicon it is melting down the second molten steel, so that temperature is reached 1510 DEG C~1530 DEG C, and use aluminium wire deoxidation.Again successively
Ferronickel, ferrochrome is added, is warming up to third water liquid steel temperature and reaches 1600 DEG C~1630 DEG C, uses aluminium wire deoxidation again.
After the slagging-off of third liquid steel level, third molten steel is come out of the stove rapidly and is poured into the casting ladle of bottom end placement ferrozirconium, at this time
In packet the 4th liquid steel temperature control at 1560 DEG C~1580 DEG C, stand a period of time make the 4th liquid steel temperature be reduced to 1530 DEG C~
At 1540 DEG C, the 4th molten steel is poured into casting-up forming to get the heat-resisting steel part of as cast condition is arrived.Shake out takes after casting complete 10 hours
Casting out.The first molten steel, the second molten steel, third molten steel and the 4th molten steel in the present invention are in order to which the mixing of clear raw material is suitable
Sequence names it be not strictly required in a particular embodiment.The embodiment of the present invention uses aluminium wire deoxidation, and aluminium wire deoxidation is this
The general technology of technical field, in other embodiments of the invention, can using other method of deoxidation, the present invention to it not
It limits.
Feature and performance of the invention are described in further detail with reference to embodiments.
Embodiment 1
Present embodiments provide a kind of austenitic heat-resistance steel and preparation method thereof containing zirconium, comprising:
The chemical component (weight percent) of austenitic heat-resistance steel of the present embodiment containing zirconium: 0.14%C, 0.50%Si,
0.82%Mn, 19.8%Cr, 33.6%Ni, 0.2%Zr, S≤0.03%, P≤0.03 remaining be Fe and inevitable impurity
Element.
Calculate and raw material needed for above-mentioned melting of weighing: steel scrap, manganese iron, ferrosilicon, ferrochrome, ferronickel and ferrozirconium are matched
Material.
Steel scrap is heated in electric furnace 1450 DEG C fusing, after molten steel is melting down, sequentially add manganese iron and ferrosilicon it is melting down after
So that temperature is reached 1520 DEG C, and using after aluminium wire deoxidation, sequentially add make after ferronickel, ferrochrome at this time liquid steel temperature reach 1610
DEG C, again using aluminium wire deoxidation and after liquid steel level slagging-off, molten steel is come out of the stove rapidly and is poured into the casting ladle of bottom end placement ferrozirconium,
At 1570 DEG C, stand makes liquid steel temperature be reduced to 1538 DEG C for a period of time for liquid steel temperature control in packet at this time, and molten steel is poured into casting mold
Castable to get arrive the heat-resisting steel part of as cast condition.
Shake out takes out casting after casting complete 10 hours;It after cooling, is handled through sand removal, polishing etc., obtains the Ovshinsky containing zirconium
The heat-resisting steel casting of body.Casting antioxygenic property test result are as follows: the tensile strength of material and elongation are respectively at 700 DEG C
348MPa and 36.7%;The oxidation weight gain 28.3g/m of 150h unit area is aoxidized at 1000 DEG C2。
Embodiment 2
Present embodiments provide a kind of austenitic heat-resistance steel and preparation method thereof containing zirconium, comprising:
The chemical component (weight percent) of austenitic heat-resistance steel of the present embodiment containing zirconium: 0.16%C, 0.62%Si,
1.2%Mn, 18.4%Cr, 30.6%Ni, 0.26%Zr, S≤0.03%, P≤0.03 remaining be Fe and inevitable impurity
Element.
Calculate and raw material needed for above-mentioned melting of weighing: steel scrap, manganese iron, ferrosilicon, ferrochrome, ferronickel and ferrozirconium are matched
Material.
Steel scrap is heated in electric furnace 1455 DEG C fusing, after molten steel is melting down, sequentially add manganese iron and ferrosilicon it is melting down after
So that temperature is reached 1530 DEG C, and using after aluminium wire deoxidation, sequentially add make after ferronickel, ferrochrome at this time liquid steel temperature reach 1620
DEG C, again using aluminium wire deoxidation and after liquid steel level slagging-off, molten steel is come out of the stove rapidly and is poured into the casting ladle of bottom end placement ferrozirconium,
At 1575 DEG C, stand makes liquid steel temperature be reduced to 1525 DEG C for a period of time for liquid steel temperature control in packet at this time, and molten steel is poured into casting mold
Castable to get arrive the heat-resisting steel part of as cast condition.
Shake out takes out casting after casting complete 10 hours;It after cooling, is handled through sand removal, polishing etc., obtains the Ovshinsky containing zirconium
The heat-resisting steel casting of body.Casting antioxygenic property test result are as follows: the tensile strength of material and elongation are respectively at 700 DEG C
336MPa and 38.7%;The oxidation weight gain 27.5g/m of 150h unit area is aoxidized at 1000 DEG C2。
Embodiment 3
Present embodiments provide a kind of austenitic heat-resistance steel and preparation method thereof containing zirconium, comprising:
The chemical component (weight percent) of austenitic heat-resistance steel of the present embodiment containing zirconium: 0.19%C, 0.59%Si,
1.48%Mn, 20.4%Cr, 32.3%Ni, 0.32%Zr, S≤0.03%, P≤0.03 remaining be Fe and inevitable impurity
Element.
Calculate and raw material needed for above-mentioned melting of weighing: steel scrap, manganese iron, ferrosilicon, ferrochrome, ferronickel and ferrozirconium are matched
Material.
Steel scrap is heated in electric furnace 1460 DEG C fusing, after molten steel is melting down, sequentially add manganese iron and ferrosilicon it is melting down after
So that temperature is reached 1530 DEG C, and using after aluminium wire deoxidation, sequentially add make after ferronickel, ferrochrome at this time liquid steel temperature reach 1630
DEG C, again using aluminium wire deoxidation and after liquid steel level slagging-off, molten steel is come out of the stove rapidly and is poured into the casting ladle of bottom end placement ferrozirconium,
At 1575 DEG C, stand makes liquid steel temperature be reduced to 1540 DEG C for a period of time for liquid steel temperature control in packet at this time, and molten steel is poured into casting mold
Castable to get arrive the heat-resisting steel part of as cast condition.
Shake out takes out casting after casting complete 10 hours;It after cooling, is handled through sand removal, polishing etc., obtains the Ovshinsky containing zirconium
The heat-resisting steel casting of body.Casting antioxygenic property test result are as follows: the tensile strength of material and elongation are respectively at 700 DEG C
296MPa and 30.8%;The oxidation weight gain 21.3g/m of 150h unit area is aoxidized at 1000 DEG C2。
Comparative example 1
This comparative example provides a kind of austenitic heat-resistance steel and preparation method thereof, comprising:
The chemical component (weight percent) of austenitic heat-resistance steel in this comparative example: 0.12%C, 0.46%Si, 0.51%
Mn, 17.5%Cr, 29.8%Ni, S≤0.03%, P≤0.03%, remaining is Fe and inevitable impurity element.
Calculate and raw material needed for above-mentioned melting of weighing: steel scrap, manganese iron, ferrosilicon, ferrochrome and ferronickel carry out ingredient.
Steel scrap is heated in electric furnace 1440 DEG C fusing, after molten steel is melting down, sequentially add manganese iron and ferrosilicon it is melting down after
So that temperature is reached 1510 DEG C, and using after aluminium wire deoxidation, sequentially add make after ferronickel, ferrochrome at this time liquid steel temperature reach 1610
DEG C, again using aluminium wire deoxidation and after liquid steel level slagging-off, molten steel is come out of the stove rapidly and is poured into casting ladle, at this time molten steel temperature in packet
At 1565 DEG C, stand makes liquid steel temperature be reduced to 1530 DEG C for a period of time for degree control, and molten steel is poured into casting-up forming to get arriving
The heat-resisting steel part of as cast condition.
Shake out takes out casting after casting complete 10 hours;It after cooling, is handled through sand removal, polishing etc., the austenite of acquisition is resistance to
Hot steel casting.Casting antioxygenic property test result are as follows: at 700 DEG C the tensile strength of material and elongation be respectively 265MPa and
25.6%;The oxidation weight gain 34.2g/m of 150h unit area is aoxidized at 1000 DEG C2。
Comparative example 2
This comparative example provides a kind of austenitic heat-resistance steel and preparation method thereof containing zirconium, comprising:
The chemical component (weight percent) of austenitic heat-resistance steel of the present embodiment containing zirconium: 0.12%C, 0.45%Si,
0.5%Mn, 16.5%Cr, 28.9%Ni, 0.15%Zr, S≤0.03%, P≤0.03%, remaining for Fe and inevitably it is miscellaneous
Prime element.
Calculate and raw material needed for above-mentioned melting of weighing: steel scrap, manganese iron, ferrosilicon, ferrochrome, ferronickel and ferrozirconium are matched
Material.
Steel scrap is heated in electric furnace 1445 DEG C fusing, after molten steel is melting down, sequentially add manganese iron and ferrosilicon it is melting down after
So that temperature is reached 1515 DEG C, and using after aluminium wire deoxidation, sequentially add make after ferronickel, ferrochrome at this time liquid steel temperature reach 1610
DEG C, again using aluminium wire deoxidation and after liquid steel level slagging-off, molten steel is come out of the stove rapidly and is poured into the casting ladle of bottom end placement ferrozirconium,
At 1570 DEG C, stand makes liquid steel temperature be reduced to 1530 DEG C for a period of time for liquid steel temperature control in packet at this time, and molten steel is poured into casting mold
Castable to get arrive the heat-resisting steel part of as cast condition.
Shake out takes out casting after casting complete 10 hours;It after cooling, is handled through sand removal, polishing etc., obtains the Ovshinsky containing zirconium
The heat-resisting steel casting of body.Casting antioxygenic property test result are as follows: the tensile strength of material and elongation are respectively at 700 DEG C
273MPa and 26.6%;The oxidation weight gain 32.8g/m of 150h unit area is aoxidized at 1000 DEG C2。
Test example
The austenitic heat-resistance steel prepared respectively to Examples 1 to 3, comparative example 1~2 is tested for the property, by test result
It is found that comparing and comparative example, the mechanical behavior under high temperature and high-temperature oxidation resistance of Ovshinsky heat resisting steel made from embodiment are preferable,
It is not added with zr element or a small amount of addition zr element will affect the performance of austenitic heat-resistance steel.The system provided through the invention
Tensile strength of the heat resisting steel made from Preparation Method at 700 DEG C is greater than 296MPa, can reach 348MPa, elongation is greater than
30%, it can reach 38.7%, 1000 DEG C of oxidation 150h unit area oxidation weight gains are less than 28.3g/m2, minimum reachable
21.3g/m2.Illustrate that preparation method provided by the invention is more scientific and reasonable, can be made with good mechanical behavior under high temperature
With the austenitic heat-resistance steel of high-temperature oxidation resistance.
Embodiments described above is a part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Reality of the invention
The detailed description for applying example is not intended to limit the range of claimed invention, but is merely representative of selected implementation of the invention
Example.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts
Every other embodiment, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.