CN108949899B - Identification method of potato late blight bacterium physiological races and application thereof - Google Patents
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- 241000233622 Phytophthora infestans Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000012015 potatoes Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 claims 1
- 244000052769 pathogen Species 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001717 pathogenic effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
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- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 abstract description 4
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- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 10
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006870 ms-medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008506 pathogenesis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- UZQVYLOFLQICCT-SCSAIBSYSA-N (R)-goitrin Chemical compound C=C[C@@H]1CNC(=S)O1 UZQVYLOFLQICCT-SCSAIBSYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UZQVYLOFLQICCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Goitrin Natural products C=CC1CNC(=S)O1 UZQVYLOFLQICCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001568 sexual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant disease resistance breeding, and particularly relates to an identification method of potato late blight bacterium physiological race and application thereof. The method for identifying the physiological races of potato late blight bacteria comprises the following steps: (a) arranging a disease nursery field; (b) culturing potato host materials on a culture medium, and carrying out water culture to form water culture seedlings; (c) transplanting the hydroponic seedlings to the disease nursery field in the step (a); (d) and (d) carrying out disease investigation on the potatoes in the step (c), and recording the types of the physiological races of the potato late blight. The invention selects a natural disease garden to carry out experimental study, takes the advantages of science, effectiveness and environmental friendliness into consideration, has low requirement on professional technology in the whole experimental process, is simple and feasible to operate, moves the latter half part of the experiment to the field for identification, has more obvious experimental effect, shortens the experimental time, and simultaneously improves the experimental accuracy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant disease resistance breeding, in particular to an identification method of potato late blight bacterium physiological race and application thereof.
Background
The potato late blight is a typical airborne disease caused by phytophthora infestans, and the potato late blight can quickly spread when meeting appropriate temperature and humidity. Pathogenic bacteria are usually propagated asexually; when both mating type strains (a1 and a2) were present at the same time, they also propagated through the sexual reproductive organ oospores. Along with the migration of the mating type of A2, a plurality of physiological races with stronger toxicity appear, the disease resistance of potato late blight pathogenic bacteria is enhanced, and the occurrence and the prevalence of diseases are increased.
According to incomplete statistics, physiological races of potato late blight bacteria are easy to change and tend to be complicated around the world, and the probability and the variety of the potato late blight bacteria appear in different main potato production areas are different. In order to identify the type of the physiological race of potato late blight bacteria, the physiological race of potato late blight bacteria is currently divided by adopting a set of 12 standard identification hosts which are respectively provided with R0, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10 and R11 to carry out living body identification, and the physiological race is determined according to the reaction of the late blight bacteria on the identification hosts. In the experimental process of identifying the physiological races of the potato late blight germs, the potato late blight germs are obtained by separating, purifying and culturing after sampling disease samples, identifying hosts, namely, leaf cutting can be carried out after 1-3 months of indoor culture of virus-free tissue culture seedlings, 3-5 times of repetition needs to be set in each experiment, and no pollution is ensured in the experiment, and the existing identification technology of the physiological races of the potato late blight germs has the following defects: the identification technology has high requirement, complex operation, large workload and long time consumption.
In view of this, the invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for identifying physiological races of potato late blight bacteria, which utilizes a natural disease nursery to carry out experiments, is simple and feasible to operate, shortens the experimental time and has more obvious experimental effect.
The invention also aims to provide the application of the method for identifying the physiological race of the potato late blight bacterium in identification of the physiological race of the potato late blight bacterium.
In order to achieve the above purpose of the present invention, the following technical solutions are adopted:
a method for identifying physiological races of potato late blight comprises the following steps:
(a) arranging a disease nursery field;
(b) culturing potato host materials on a culture medium, and carrying out water culture to form water culture seedlings;
(c) transplanting the hydroponic seedlings to the disease nursery field in the step (a);
(d) and (d) carrying out disease investigation on the potatoes in the step (c), and recording the types of the physiological races of the potato late blight.
Preferably, the disease nursery field in the step (a) is a representative field with frequent or high-frequency late blight of potato.
Preferably, in step (b), the potato host materials are 12 in total, and are respectively R0, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10 and R11.
Preferably, the medium is MS medium.
Preferably, the temperature of the medium is 22-28 ℃.
Preferably, in the step (b), the culture medium is moved to a hydroponic chamber after 3-5 leaves.
Preferably, in the step (b), the water culture time is 10-15 days;
preferably, in said step (c), 7-10 strains of each of the differentiated-host hydroponic seedlings are transplanted.
Preferably, in the step (d), the type of the physiological race of the potato late blight bacterium is controlled by the attack of R0, and the attack of a certain R differential host corresponds to a certain race type of R blight bacterium;
the disease condition of the potato leaves is divided into 2 grades: level 1: the disease is infected, and the disease is caused by more than or equal to 20 percent of leaf area; level 0: disease resistance, and incidence of disease in less than 20% of leaf area.
The identification method of the potato late blight bacterium physiological race is applied to identification of the late blight bacterium physiological race.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the method for identifying the physiological races of the potato late blight germs, a natural disease garden is selected for carrying out experimental research, the advantages of science, effectiveness and environmental friendliness are considered, the requirement on professional technology in the whole experimental process is not high, the operation is simple and feasible, the later half part of the experiment is moved to the field for identification, the experimental effect is more remarkable, the experimental time is shortened, the experimental progress is accelerated, and meanwhile the experimental accuracy is improved.
(2) The method for identifying the physiological races of potato late blight bacteria has great significance in identifying the physiological races of late blight bacteria, and can identify the types of the physiological races of late blight bacteria in different regions more accurately and efficiently.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the following examples are only illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. The examples were carried out under the conventional conditions or under the conventional conditions, unless otherwise specified.
A method for identifying physiological races of potato late blight comprises the following steps:
(a) arranging a disease nursery field;
(b) culturing potato host materials on a culture medium, and carrying out water culture to form water culture seedlings;
(c) transplanting the hydroponic seedlings to the disease nursery field in the step (a);
(d) and (d) carrying out disease investigation on the potatoes in the step (c), and recording the types of the physiological races of the potato late blight.
According to the invention, a natural disease garden is selected to carry out experimental study, the whole experimental process has low requirement on professional technology, the operation is simple and feasible, the latter half part of the experiment is moved to the field for identification, the experimental effect is more obvious, the experimental time is shortened, the experimental progress is accelerated, and the experimental accuracy is improved.
Preferably, the disease nursery field in the step (a) is a representative field with frequent or high-frequency late blight of potato.
Selecting 14 provinces of representative field blocks of late blight and high incidence of potato in Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Shandong, Henan, Hebei, Shanxi, Jiangxi, inner Mongolia, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Hubei and Chongqing in the disease nursery field;
the disease nursery field selects a representative field block with frequent or high-rate potato late blight, and the experimental effect is more remarkable.
Preferably, in step (b), the potato host materials are 12 in total, and are respectively R0, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10 and R11.
Preferably, the medium is MS medium.
Preferably, the temperature of the medium is 22-28 ℃.
Preferably, the temperature of the medium is typically, but not limited to, 22 ℃, 23 ℃, 24 ℃, 25 ℃, 26 ℃, 27 ℃ or 28 ℃, for example.
Under the condition of proper temperature, the potato seedlings can grow healthier.
Preferably, in the step (b), the culture medium is moved to a hydroponic chamber after 3-5 leaves.
Typically, but not by way of limitation, the culture medium is moved to a hydroponic chamber after 3-leaf stage, 4-leaf stage or 5-leaf stage.
Preferably, in the step (b), the water culture time is 10-15 days;
preferably, the hydroponic time is typically, but not limited to, for example, 10 days, 11 days, 12 days, 13 days, 14 days, or 15 days.
Preferably, in said step (c), 7-10 strains of each of the differentiated-host hydroponic seedlings are transplanted.
The number of hydroponic seedling transplants per differentiated host is typically, but not limited to, 7, 8, 9 or 10, for example.
Preferably, in the step (d), the type of the potato late blight germ physiological race is based on the R0 pathogenesis as a comparison, and the certain R differential host pathogenesis corresponds to the certain R germ race type, and the potato late blight germ physiological race is named according to the international uniform potato late blight germ physiological race naming method (Black et al.1953);
the disease condition of the potato leaves is divided into 2 grades: level 1: the disease is infected, and the disease is caused by more than or equal to 20 percent of leaf area; level 0: disease resistance, and incidence of disease in less than 20% of leaf area.
And (5) counting results: 0 represents a 0-stage, 1 represents a 1-stage
TABLE-comparison table of physiological race types of potato late blight bacteria
When R0 shows infection, if R1 shows infection and R2-R11 show disease resistance, the potato late blight bacteria to be identified is R1 type potato late blight bacteria physiological race.
When R0 shows infection, if R1 and R8 show infection and other differential hosts show disease resistance, the potato late blight bacteria to be differentiated is R1.8 type potato late blight bacteria physiological race.
When R0 shows infection, if R1, R3 and R11 show infection and other differentiation hosts show disease resistance, the potato late blight bacteria to be differentiated is r1.3.11 type potato late blight bacteria physiological race.
When R0 shows infection, if R2, R4, R6 and R10 show infection and other differential hosts show disease resistance, the potato late blight to be differentiated is r2.4.6.10 type potato late blight physiological race.
When R0 shows infection, if R1, R2, R3, R5, R7 and R9 show infection and other identifying hosts show disease resistance, the potato late blight bacteria to be identified is r1.2.3.5.7.9 type potato late blight bacteria physiological races.
By analogy, more than one thousand physiological races of potato late blight bacteria can be identified by using the identification method.
In a preferred embodiment, the identification method of the physiological races of potato late blight specifically comprises the following steps:
(a) setting a disease nursery field: selecting representative field blocks with frequent or high late blight of potatoes in a main potato production area;
(b) water culture and rapid propagation: cutting 12 kinds of standard differential hosts of detoxicated test-tube plantlets R0-R11 indoors, culturing on an MS culture medium at 22-28 ℃, moving to a water culture chamber for cutting and rapid propagation after 3-5 leaf periods, and rooting to form water-cultured strong plantlets after growing for 10-15 days;
(c) and (3) entering a disease nursery by water culture seedlings: transplanting the water culture seedlings of the differential hosts into the disease nursery field in the step (a), and transplanting 7-10 differential hosts for each differential host;
(d) disease investigation: in the epidemic stage of the potato late blight, the attack of R0 is used as a control to investigate the attack situations of all the differential hosts R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10 and R11 in different main production areas, the attack of a certain R differential host is corresponding to a certain R germ microspecies type, the naming is carried out according to the international unified physiological microspecies naming method of the potato late blight (Black et al.1953), and the physiological microspecies type of the potato late blight is recorded at the same time;
the disease condition of the potato leaves is divided into 2 grades: level 1: the disease is infected, and the disease is caused by more than or equal to 20 percent of leaf area; level 0: disease resistance, and incidence of disease in less than 20% of leaf area.
And (5) counting results: 0 represents a 0 stage and 1 represents a1 stage.
The comparison table of the physiological race types of the potato late blight bacteria is shown in the table I.
The identification method of the potato late blight bacterium physiological race is applied to identification of the late blight bacterium physiological race. The experiment is carried out by selecting a natural disease nursery, the experiment effect is more obvious, the experiment time is shortened, the experiment progress is accelerated, and the experiment accuracy is improved.
Example 1
A method for identifying physiological races of potato late blight bacteria comprises the following steps:
(a) setting a disease nursery field: selecting representative field blocks with 7 provinces of late blight of potatoes, namely Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Shandong, Henan, Hebei and Shaanxi;
(b) water culture and rapid propagation: cutting 12 kinds of standard differentiated host detoxified test-tube plantlets of R0-R11 indoors, culturing on an MS culture medium, wherein the temperature of the culture medium is 22 ℃, moving to a water culture chamber for cuttage and rapid propagation after 3-leaf period, and rooting to form water-cultured strong plantlets after growing for 10 days;
(c) and (3) entering a disease nursery by water culture seedlings: transplanting the water culture seedlings of the differential hosts into the disease nursery field in the step (a), and transplanting 10 plants of each differential host in each area;
(d) disease investigation: in the epidemic stage of the potato late blight, the attack of R0 is used as a control to investigate the attack situations of all the differential hosts R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10 and R11 in different areas, the attack of a certain R differential host is corresponding to a certain R germ microspecies type, the naming is carried out according to the international unified physiological microspecies naming method of the potato late blight (Black et al 1953), and the physiological microspecies type of the potato late blight is recorded at the same time;
the disease condition of the potato leaves is divided into 2 grades: level 1: the disease is infected, and the disease is caused by more than or equal to 20 percent of leaf area; level 0: disease resistance, and incidence of disease in less than 20% of leaf area.
And (5) counting results: 0 represents a 0 stage and 1 represents a1 stage.
Physiological races of potato late blight bacteria in 7 different areas such as epigoitrin
Example 2
A method for identifying physiological races of potato late blight bacteria comprises the following steps:
(a) setting a disease nursery field: selecting representative field blocks with 7 provinces of potato late blight high incidence in Jiangxi, inner Mongolia, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Hubei and Chongqing;
(b) water culture and rapid propagation: cutting 12 kinds of standard differentiated host detoxified test-tube plantlets of R0-R11 indoors, culturing on an MS culture medium, wherein the temperature of the culture medium is 28 ℃, moving to a water culture chamber for cutting and rapid propagation after 5-leaf period, and rooting to form water-cultured strong plantlets after 15 days of growth;
(c) and (3) entering a disease nursery by water culture seedlings: transplanting the water culture seedlings of the differential hosts into the disease nursery field in the step (a), and transplanting 7 plants of each differential host in each area;
(d) disease investigation: in the epidemic stage of the potato late blight, the attack of R0 is used as a control to investigate the attack situations of all the differential hosts R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10 and R11 in different areas, the attack of a certain R differential host is corresponding to a certain R germ microspecies type, the naming is carried out according to the international unified physiological microspecies naming method of the potato late blight (Black et al 1953), and the physiological microspecies type of the potato late blight is recorded at the same time;
the disease condition of the potato leaves is divided into 2 grades: level 1: the disease is infected, and the disease is caused by more than or equal to 20 percent of leaf area; level 0: disease resistance, and incidence of disease in less than 20% of leaf area.
Statistical result 0 represents level 0 and 1 represents level 1.
Physiological races of potato late blight bacteria in 7 different areas such as Epidesan Jiangxi
The identification method of the invention is used for identifying the types of the physiological races of the potato late blight bacteria in 14 different areas such as Liaoning, and the types of the physiological races of the potato late blight bacteria in different areas can be seen in the second table and the third table. The method for identifying the physiological races of the potato late blight bacteria selects a natural disease nursery to carry out experimental study, has the advantages of science, effectiveness and environmental friendliness, is simple and feasible, shortens the experimental time and has higher accuracy.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The method for identifying the physiological races of potato late blight bacteria is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(a) arranging a disease nursery field;
(b) culturing potato host materials on a culture medium, and carrying out water culture to form water culture seedlings;
(c) transplanting the hydroponic seedlings to the disease nursery field in the step (a);
(d) performing disease investigation on the potatoes in the step (c), and recording the types of the physiological races of the potato late blight;
in the step (b), the potato host materials are 12 in total and are respectively R0, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10 and R11;
in the step (b), after 3-5 leaf periods, moving to a water culture chamber;
in the step (b), the water culture time is 10-15 days;
in the step (d), the type of the physiological race of the potato late blight bacterium is compared with the attack of R0, and the attack of a certain R differential host corresponds to the type of the race of the certain R pathogen;
the disease condition of the potato leaves is divided into 2 grades: level 1: the disease is infected, and the disease is caused by more than or equal to 20 percent of leaf area; level 0: disease resistance, and incidence of disease in less than 20% of leaf area.
2. The method for identifying physiological races of potato late blight bacteria according to claim 1, wherein the nursery field in step (a) is a representative field block with frequent or high occurrence of potato late blight.
3. The method for identifying a physiological race of late blight fungus of potato according to claim 1, wherein said culture medium is MS culture medium.
4. The method for identifying physiological races of potato late blight bacteria according to claim 3, wherein the temperature of the medium is 22-28 ℃.
5. The method for identifying physiological races of potato late blight bacteria according to claim 1, wherein 7 to 10 strains of each of the differentiated host hydroponic seedlings are transplanted in step (c).
6. Use of the method of any one of claims 1 to 5 for identifying a physiological species of potato late blight bacteria.
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| CN111316918A (en) * | 2020-04-20 | 2020-06-23 | 福建农林大学 | A kind of method for fast hydroponics of resistant tissue culture vaccine of Phytophthora potato physiological race |
| CN114774507A (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2022-07-22 | 湖北恩施中国南方马铃薯研究中心 | Resistance evaluation method for potato late blight |
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