CN108925956B - A kind of efficient peeling method of fresh pepper fruit - Google Patents
A kind of efficient peeling method of fresh pepper fruit Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L27/10—Natural spices, flavouring agents or condiments; Extracts thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23N—MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING HARVESTED FRUIT, VEGETABLES OR FLOWER BULBS IN BULK, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PEELING VEGETABLES OR FRUIT IN BULK; APPARATUS FOR PREPARING ANIMAL FEEDING- STUFFS
- A23N7/00—Peeling vegetables or fruit
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种胡椒鲜果的高效脱皮方法。所述方法包括以下过程：S1.分拣；S2.漂洗、风干；S3.冷冻；S4.脱皮；S5.洗涤、干燥并包装和贮藏；其中，分拣后的胡椒为整穗青果粒大小与熟果相同或整穗中有果粒发红或者2粒以上发黄；胡椒鲜果表皮预破损机的正压力为15～30N，迫动线速度小于10cm/秒。本发明所述胡椒鲜果的高效脱皮方法，过程简单、快速且高效，胡椒的果皮率高、胡椒果核的保护膜完整，果核受损率底，果核的香气和口感未收到破坏，对于规模化产出高质量的胡椒具有重要的应用价值。
The invention discloses an efficient peeling method for fresh pepper fruit. The method includes the following processes: S1. sorting; S2. rinsing and air-drying; S3. freezing; S4. peeling; S5. washing, drying, packaging and storage; The ripe fruit is the same or the whole ear has red or more than 2 fruit yellow; the positive pressure of the pepper fresh fruit epidermis pre-breaker is 15-30N, and the driving line speed is less than 10cm/s. The high-efficiency peeling method for fresh pepper fruit of the invention has the advantages of simple, fast and efficient process, high peel rate of pepper, complete protective film of pepper core, low damage rate of the core, and no damage to the aroma and taste of the core. It has important application value for large-scale production of high-quality pepper.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant fruit peeling, and particularly relates to an efficient peeling method for fresh pepper fruits.
Background
Peeling, cleaning and airing the fresh pepper to obtain the white pepper. However, because of the unique 'three-layer structure' (endocarp-seed film-seed) of pepper, the endocarp and the seed film are tightly bonded (the crushed seed cannot be peeled off), and the quality requirement of white pepper is that the inner film cannot be damaged, the outer skin of the pepper needs to be peeled off completely, so that the peeling of pepper is difficult without damaging the kernel of the pepper. The traditional water immersion process needs to soak fresh pepper fruits in a water area for 7-10 days, so that the pollution is large, the water quantity is difficult to keep to be updated regularly, and the peculiar smell of white pepper is easily caused; the mechanical process of peeling by using a peeling machine is easy to cause the phenomena of pepper kernel damage, kernel breaking and the like; the enzymatic peeling process relates to chemical substances, has certain environmental pollution condition, and is easy to cause peculiar smell of fresh pepper fruits when being kept stand in liquid for a long time; the biological peeling process is influenced by higher equipment investment and power consumption due to late starting, so that the popularization difficulty is higher.
The inventor also discloses a peeling method of fresh pepper fruits in the prior invention patent CN201410386933.9, which can effectively shorten the peeling period and has relatively high peeling efficiency, but the peeling process still has the condition that the peeled kernel protective film is easy to damage, so that the color of the product is poor and certain waste is caused. The inventors have further studied based on the aforementioned studies and have aimed at solving the problem that the pepper kernel protective film is easily broken.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an efficient peeling method for fresh pepper fruits, which aims to avoid the problem of breakage of a kernel protective film in the peeling process of the fresh pepper fruits and further shorten the peeling period. The method disclosed by the invention can be used for peeling the fresh pepper fruits quickly and efficiently, has high peeling rate and low breakage rate of kernel protective films of the fresh pepper fruits, reduces the damage to the original fragrance and taste of the pepper, and has an important application value for producing high-quality pepper in a large scale.
The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following scheme:
an efficient peeling method for fresh pepper fruits comprises the following steps:
s1, sorting: sorting the picked fresh peppers, and removing impurity leaves and large mud;
s2, rinsing and air drying: washing and air-drying the sorted fresh pepper at normal temperature;
s3, freezing: freezing the air-dried fresh pepper at the temperature of between 12 ℃ below zero and 9 ℃ below zero for 6 to 8 hours;
s4, peeling: peeling the frozen pepper directly by a fresh pepper fruit pre-breaking machine, and then separating kernels and peels to obtain pepper kernels;
s5. washing and drying: washing and drying the pepper kernels obtained in the step S4, and packaging and storing;
wherein, the sorted pepper is the same size of the whole cluster olive grains as the ripe grains, or the whole cluster has red grains or more than 2 grains yellow; the positive pressure of the fresh pepper fruit peeler is 15-30N, and the forced linear velocity is less than 10 cm/s.
According to the method, the fresh pepper fruits after sorting, rinsing and air drying are frozen under the specific low-temperature condition, and the frozen fresh pepper fruits are directly peeled by the fresh pepper fruit pre-breakage machine, so that not only can the peels of the fresh pepper fruits be well removed and the breakage of a kernel protective film be reduced, but also the frozen fresh pepper fruits can be directly peeled without a thawing process, the working procedures and the time are saved, the peeling efficiency of the fresh pepper fruits is accelerated, and the period is shortened.
After the fresh pepper fruits are frozen under the specific low-temperature condition, the water in the cells of the fresh pepper fruits is frozen, the volume of the fresh pepper fruits is increased, so that the adhesion force between the kernels and the peels is reduced, and the kernels and the peels can be effectively separated when the peels are squeezed and kneaded before unfreezing. After thawing, the adhesion between the kernels and the peels tends to recover, the phenomena of elasticity and hardness reduction of the peels are accompanied, the peels are slightly damaged, the phenomenon that peeling is not thorough due to the fact that the fruits cannot be uniformly stressed in the circumferential direction when being squeezed and kneaded is caused, the peeling rate is reduced, the breakage rate of the kernel protective film is high, and therefore the process does not need to thaw before peeling.
In order to ensure that the fresh pepper fruit pre-breakage machine can operate smoothly and efficiently, the fresh pepper fruits need to be sorted, rinsed and air-dried before being frozen. Wherein, the sorting is to separate mature fruit grains from immature fruit grains so as to prevent the immature fruit from causing incomplete peeling; the rinsing process not only ensures the cleanness and sanitation of the fresh pepper fruits, but also can prevent impurities such as small stones, silt, branches and the like from influencing the peeling efficiency and impurity content index. When the fresh pepper is too severely frozen or the peel is frostbitten, the peeling rate is greatly reduced, and the breakage rate of the kernel protective film is increased; therefore, in order to avoid over-freezing of the fresh pepper or freezing damage to the peel of the fresh pepper, the fresh pepper needs to be air-dried before freezing, so that no water, water drops or obvious water stains are generated on the surface of the fresh pepper, and the freezing temperature and time of the fresh pepper are controlled.
The invention adopts a fresh pepper fruit pre-breaking machine which is the result of earlier research of the inventor, the specific structure is shown in patent 201620311766.6, the purpose of earlier research and development of the fresh pepper fruit pre-breaking machine is mainly to pre-break the peel of the fresh pepper fruit and then carry out the next treatment, so that the effect of peeling the pepper is achieved; in the method, the fresh pepper fruit pre-breaking machine is combined with other operations, and parameters in the peeling process are adjusted and controlled, so that the peeling effect of the fresh pepper fruit can be directly achieved.
If the freezing temperature is too low or the freezing time is too long, the fresh pepper fruit peel is easy to be frozen and damaged and softened by tissue damage, the circumferential adhesive force with the kernel is not uniform any more, the probability of incomplete or incomplete peeling in the mechanical peeling process is greatly increased, and the peeling rate is seriously influenced. Meanwhile, the kernels are also easily frozen and lose original strength and hardness, so that the probability of breakage or breakage of the kernels in the mechanical peeling process is increased.
Preferably, the freezing temperature in step S3 is-12 ℃; the freezing time was 6 h. The fresh pepper fruits are frozen under the condition, so that the peel rate is optimal, and the breakage rate of kernel protection is lowest.
Preferably, the fresh pepper fruit skin pre-breaking machine comprises a frame and a motor arranged on the frame, wherein a driving roller and a driven roller are arranged on the frame, and the driving roller is connected with the motor; the number of the driving rollers is one more than that of the driven rollers, the axes of the driving rollers are on the same horizontal line, and the axes of the driven rollers form an acute angle downwards with the horizontal line of the axes of the driving rollers from left to right; a driving roller belt and a driven roller belt are respectively sleeved outside the driving roller and the driven roller, and the driving roller belt and the driven roller belt are integrally arranged in an interference fit manner from left to right; the fresh pepper fruit skin pre-breaking machine is also provided with a feeding hole and a discharging hole.
Preferably, the rack is longitudinally provided with a side baffle; the side baffle is correspondingly provided with a plurality of transverse adjusting device rollers for adjusting the distance between the whole driven rollers or between the driving rollers, and a plurality of longitudinal adjusting devices for adjusting the distance between the driven rollers and the driving rollers.
Preferably, the axis of each of the driven rollers is at an acute angle of 5 ° downward from the horizontal from the left and right.
The working principle of the fresh pepper fruit skin pre-breaking machine is as follows: after the power supply is switched on, the motor starts to work, the motor drives the driving roller to rotate clockwise, the driving roller rubs the driving roller belt by means of positioning and tensioning of the driving roller and the side baffle plate, and the driving roller belt and the driven roller belt rub up and down under the action of interference fit of part of the driving roller and the driving roller belt as well as the driven roller and the driven roller belt, so that the driven roller and the driving roller are driven to rotate oppositely. When fresh pepper clusters are fed between the belt of the driving roller and the belt of the driven roller from the feeding hole, under the action of clearance fit of the whole belt of the driving roller and the whole belt of the driven roller and the belt of the driven roller and opposite running of the double rollers, the fresh pepper clusters are brought into the upper belt and the lower belt and move from left to right, and pepper fruit grains are extruded and repeatedly kneaded to complete peeling along with gradual reduction of the clearance between the upper belt and the lower belt.
The surface of the peeling belt in contact with the surfaces of the pepper grains is hardened, so that the peeling belt is in hard contact with the surfaces of the pepper grains, and meanwhile, the whole peeling belt is of a flexible structure, so that the fruit stones can be prevented from being damaged by overlarge pressure.
Preferably, the sorting in step S1 can be performed by a belt sorter or a dustpan to take out the trash leaves or large clods, and the fresh pepper fruits do not need to be threshed during the sorting process, thereby saving time and working procedures.
Preferably, the washing in step S2 is performed with clean water for not less than 2 times.
Preferably, the surfaces of the air-dried pepper fruit granules in step S2 have no water drops or running water. The air drying mode can be various, and can be natural air drying, air drying or fan drying. If the surfaces of pepper fruit grains have water, the frozen pepper fruit grains can cause local damage to peels, and the peels cannot be peeled thoroughly due to uneven stress in the peeling, extruding and kneading processes.
Preferably, in step S4, the kernels and peels are separated by shaking, centrifugation or buoyancy difference.
Preferably, in step S5, the washing and drying temperature is lower than 30 ℃ to prevent the volatilization of piperine and other substances, especially the volatilization of pepper oil, piperine and other substances, which can reduce the spicy quality of the finished product and easily cause surface oxidation, resulting in poor color of the peeled white pepper; and the health is paid attention to, and the fragrance and the taste of the pepper are prevented from being damaged. Drying can be carried out in various ways, such as natural drying, air drying or drying by using a fan.
Preferably, in step S5, the dryness of the pepper kernel is 92% or more.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the efficient peeling method for the fresh pepper fruits, disclosed by the invention, is simple, rapid and efficient in process, high in peeling rate of the fresh pepper fruits, complete in protective film of pepper kernels, low in kernel damage rate, and free from damage to aroma and taste of the kernels, and meanwhile, the method is high in efficiency, can obviously reduce the peeling period of the fresh fruits, and has an important application value for large-scale production of high-quality pepper.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a fresh pepper fruit pre-breaking machine adopted in the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to specific examples, which are provided for illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The test methods used in the following examples are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the materials, reagents and the like used are, unless otherwise specified, commercially available reagents and materials.
Example 1
An efficient peeling method for fresh pepper fruits comprises the following specific steps:
(1) sorting: directly sorting the picked fresh peppers, and removing impurity leaves and large mud; the sorting can be carried out by a hollow transmission belt sorting machine or by auxiliary farm tools such as a dustpan and the like, and the pneumatic conveying principle is adopted to remove trash leaves or large mud blocks and the like; the fresh pepper ears do not need to be threshed, so that the time and the working procedures are saved; the standard of the fresh pepper fruit is that the size of the whole cluster of the Chinese olive fruit is the same as that of the ripe fruit, or the whole cluster of the Chinese olive fruit is red or more than 2 Chinese olive fruit are yellow;
(2) rinsing: washing and air-drying the sorted fresh peppers; the water area can be cleaned by a hollow transmission belt twice, or manually rinsed by auxiliary farm tools such as a dustpan, and the like, fine-particle impurities such as soil and the like are washed clean after being bathed with water, and heavy impurities such as gravel and the like sink to the water bottom; the water used for rinsing is tap water and is carried out at normal temperature; the drying mode can be natural drying, air drying or fan drying, and the drying degree is standard that no water flows on the surfaces of the pepper grains and no water drops are formed;
(3) freezing: freezing the air-dried fresh pepper at-12 to-9 ℃, wherein the freezing time is not shorter than 8 h; the skin of the pepper fruit grains cannot be iced so as to avoid damaging the skin of the pepper fruit grains by freezing;
(4) peeling: peeling the frozen pepper by a fresh pepper fruit pre-breaking machine, and then separating kernels and peels to obtain pepper kernels; the structural schematic diagram of the fresh pepper fruit pre-breaking machine is shown in fig. 1, wherein the positive pressure of the machine is 15-30N in the using process, and the forcing linear speed is less than 10 cm/s;
the mode of separating the fruit kernels and the fruit peels can be various, and can be performed by adopting a vibrating screen, a centrifugal machine or a water buoyancy separation mode and the like, so that the peeled fruit kernels can be collected;
(5) washing and drying: washing and drying the pepper kernels obtained in the step (4), and packaging and storing; the temperature is below 30 ℃ in the washing process, so that the volatilization of substances such as piperine and the like is prevented, sanitation is paid attention to, and the fragrance and the taste of pepper are prevented from being damaged; the drying mode is various, the drying mode can be natural drying, air drying or fan drying, and the dryness of the pepper kernels is more than 92%; the packaging and storage environment is vacuum packaging or sealed storage.
The adopted fresh pepper fruit skin pre-breaking machine has the specific structure that: the device comprises a rack 1 and a motor 2 arranged on the rack 1, wherein a driving roller 3 and a driven roller 4 are arranged on the rack 1, and the driving roller 3 is connected with the motor 2; the number of the driving rollers 3 is one more than that of the driven rollers 4, the axes of the driving rollers 3 are on the same horizontal line, and the axes of the driven rollers 4 form an acute angle downwards with the horizontal line of the axes of the driving rollers 3 from left to right; a driving roller belt 6 and a driven roller belt 7 are respectively sleeved outside the driving roller 3 and the driven roller 4, and the driving roller 3 and the driving roller belt 6 and the driven roller 4 and the driven roller belt 7 are integrally arranged in an up-down manner from left to right in a clearance fit manner; the fresh pepper fruit skin pre-breaking machine is also provided with a feeding hole 8 and a discharging hole 9.
A side baffle 5 is longitudinally arranged on the frame 2; the side dams 5 are correspondingly provided with a plurality of transverse adjusting device rollers 10 for adjusting the distance between the driven rollers 4 or the driving rollers 3, and a plurality of longitudinal adjusting devices 11 for adjusting the distance between the driven rollers 3 and the driving rollers 4.
The axis of each driven roller 4 is at an acute angle of 5 ° downward from the horizontal from the left and right.
The working principle of the fresh pepper peel pre-damage machine is that after a power supply is switched on, the motor 2 starts to work, the motor 2 drives the driving roller 3 to rotate clockwise, the driving roller 3 rubs the driving roller belt 6 by means of positioning and tensioning on the side baffle 5, and under the action of interference fit of part of the whole of the driving roller 3 and the driving roller belt 6 and the whole of the driven roller 4 and the driven roller belt 7, the driving roller belt 6 and the driven roller belt 7 rub up and down to drive the driven roller 4 and the driving roller 3 to rotate oppositely. When fresh pepper clusters are fed into the space between the driving roller belt 6 and the driven roller belt 7 from the feeding hole 8, under the action of clearance fit between the whole driving roller 3 and the driving roller belt 6 and the whole driven roller 4 and the driven roller belt 7 and opposite running of the two rollers, the fresh pepper clusters are brought into the upper belt and the lower belt and move from left to right, and along with gradual reduction of the clearance between the upper belt and the lower belt, pepper fruit grains are extruded and repeatedly kneaded to complete peeling.
The surface of the peeling belt in contact with the surfaces of the pepper grains is hardened, so that the peeling belt is in hard contact with the surfaces of the pepper grains, and meanwhile, the whole peeling belt is of a flexible structure, so that the fruit stones can be prevented from being damaged by overlarge pressure.
The embodiment specifically adopts a fresh pepper fruit epidermis pre-damage machine which is 6HXT-50 type produced by agricultural machinery research institute of Chinese tropical agrology academy of sciences.
Example 2
In order to ensure that the fresh pepper fruits can be peeled quickly and well and ensure the high quality of the pepper, the inventor conducts a series of screens on the freezing time and the freezing temperature of the fresh pepper fruits, and the test results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 peeling rate of fresh pepper fruits and breakage rate of kernel protective film under different freezing temperatures and freezing times
Note: "T" represents peeling rate and "P" represents breakage rate of protective film of fruit core.
As can be seen from table 1, when the freezing temperature is too high or the freezing time is too short, the adhesion between the skin and the kernel of the fresh pepper fruit is still large and difficult to separate; therefore, the peeling rate of the fresh pepper fruits is very low; when the freezing temperature is too low or the freezing time is too long, the epidermis of the fresh pepper is too severely frozen, the peel is frozen and damaged, the tissue is damaged and softened, and the fresh pepper is not easily and completely separated from the kernel, so that the peeling rate is low, and the damage rate of the kernel protective film is high. Only when the freezing temperature is between-12 and-9 ℃ and the freezing time is between 6 and 8 hours, the high peeling rate and the low breakage rate of the kernel protective film can be simultaneously ensured, the peeling period of the fresh pepper fruits is short, the peeling of the fresh pepper fruits can be completed quickly, efficiently and in high quality, and the large-scale and commercial production of the high-quality pepper is facilitated.
Example 3
In this example, the influence of the operation before freezing of the fresh pepper fruits on the peeling quality of the fresh pepper fruits, specifically, the influence of sorting, rinsing and air drying on the peeling quality was also studied, and with reference to the process described in example 1, only one of the sorting, rinsing and air drying operations was omitted, and the final test results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 Effect of the Pre-freezing operating Process on Pepper fresh fruit dehulling quality
In the embodiment 1 of the invention, before the fresh pepper is frozen, the fresh pepper is respectively subjected to the sorting, rinsing and air drying operation processes, so that the influence of other impurities and the like is avoided, and the finished process steps effectively ensure the optimal peeling quality of the fresh pepper.
It should be finally noted that the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit the scope of the present invention, and that other variations and modifications based on the above description and thought may be made by those skilled in the art, and that all embodiments need not be exhaustive. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107028201A (en) * | 2017-01-24 | 2017-08-11 | 海南大学 | A kind of pepper freezes quick peeling method |
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| CN204104769U (en) * | 2014-10-13 | 2015-01-21 | 中国热带农业科学院农业机械研究所 | Wind pressure type pepper mill skin mechanism |
| CN108077950A (en) * | 2017-12-06 | 2018-05-29 | 常州市丰瑞电子有限公司 | A kind of walnut takes off green peel device and its application process automatically |
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| CN101904540A (en) * | 2010-08-24 | 2010-12-08 | 中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所 | Processing method of green pepper |
| CN102793251A (en) * | 2012-09-07 | 2012-11-28 | 中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所 | Method for peeling fresh berries of pepper |
| CN104293480A (en) * | 2014-10-14 | 2015-01-21 | 合肥工业大学 | Rapeseed peeling method suitable for cold pressing oil preparation |
| CN104397842A (en) * | 2014-11-18 | 2015-03-11 | 中国热带农业科学院分析测试中心 | Refrigeration peeling method for pepper |
| CN104643267A (en) * | 2015-03-18 | 2015-05-27 | 谢振文 | Mechanized comprehensive processing method of white peppers |
| CN205105695U (en) * | 2015-08-13 | 2016-03-30 | 中国热带农业科学院农业机械研究所 | Pepper fresh fruit is peeled and is washd all -in -one |
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| CN106387939A (en) * | 2016-09-18 | 2017-02-15 | 福州大世界橄榄有限公司 | Fruit peeling method and fruit peeling device |
| CN107028201A (en) * | 2017-01-24 | 2017-08-11 | 海南大学 | A kind of pepper freezes quick peeling method |
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