CN108923725B - Wind turbine generator tower power supply system based on thin-film solar cell - Google Patents

Abstract

A wind turbine tower power supply system based on thin-film solar cells, comprising thin-film solar cells, a battery pack cabinet in the tower, a tower-type wind generator, a battery, a controller, and an inverter, and the thin-film solar cells cover the On the light-facing surface of the tower, the controller is located at the bottom of the tower and is connected to the thin-film solar cell, the battery and the inverter through cables, respectively. The controller directly divides the power generated by the thin-film solar cell into three parts, one part of which After being rectified by the controller, it is sent to the DC load; a part of the electric energy is sent to the storage battery for night power supply, and a part of the electric energy is converted from the DC power to the AC power by the inverter and then sent to the AC load through the cable. Not only can the tower space be effectively and reasonably used, but also the high light transmission performance and power generation performance of thin-film solar cells can be used to realize the safe operation of wind turbines with low energy consumption, high efficiency and automation, and save electricity purchase costs.

Description

A wind turbine tower power supply system based on thin film solar cells

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of solar power supply, and in particular relates to a power supply system for a wind turbine tower based on a copper indium gallium selenide thin film solar cell.

Background technique

The electric energy required for the heaters, coolers and self-use electrical lighting in the existing conventional wind turbines all come from the power grid, the cost of electricity purchase is high, and the required key technologies are complex.

The existing technology for laying thin-film solar energy in the towers of wind turbines does not specifically calculate the area and location of thin-film solar cells in combination with the amount of solar radiation, nor does it include specific representations of the heaters and coolers of wind turbines, the electrical lighting of the units, and the electricity load. Calculation method; the prior art does not specify the corresponding technical feasibility of the type of thin-film solar cells, and does not analyze the required cell area in areas with different latitudes and longitudes and different weather characteristics.

Existing thin film batteries are basically divided into three types: non/microcrystalline silicon thin film batteries, CIGS thin film batteries and CdTe thin film batteries. Among them, the conversion efficiency of GIGS is the highest, about 10%-12%, the conversion efficiency of CdTe is the second, about 8.5%-10.5%, and the non-microcrystalline battery is the lowest, generally 6%-8%. Copper indium gallium selenide thin film solar cells have the characteristics of low production cost, low pollution, no fading, and good low light performance. one-third. In addition, the battery has a soft, uniform black appearance, making it ideal for places with high appearance requirements. However, copper indium gallium selenide thin film solar cells are not widely used.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention proposes a power supply system for wind turbine towers based on thin-film solar cells, which uses thin-film solar cells to supply power to heaters, coolers, and lighting of wind turbines, and proposes a combination of solar radiation in different regions. Calculate the required area of thin-film solar cells based on the amount and height angle.

The present invention adopts following technical scheme:

Including thin-film solar cells, battery cabinets in the tower, tower-type wind generators, batteries, controllers, and inverters, the thin-film solar cells are covered on the light-facing surface of the tower, and the batteries are located in the tower. In the battery pack cabinet, the controller is located at the bottom of the tower and is connected to the thin-film solar cell, the battery and the inverter through cables. The controller is rectified and then sent to the DC load; a part of the electric energy is sent to the storage battery for storage at night, and a part of the electric energy is converted from the DC power to the AC power by the inverter and then sent to the AC load through the cable.

The minimum area of the thin-film solar cell is calculated according to the local annual total radiation, the conversion efficiency of the thin-film solar cell, the correction coefficient and the total annual electricity consumption of the AC load.

The thin-film solar cell is covered at a position that is 30m or more from the ground in the due south direction of the tower.

The length of the thin film solar cell is the perimeter of the half surface of the tower.

The length of the thin film solar cell is half the circumference of the half surface of the tower.

The local annual total radiation is calculated based on the amount of direct sunlight and the amount of scattering.

The thin film solar cells are bonded to the outer surface of the tower using epoxy adhesive.

The battery is a lead-acid battery.

The AC load is the electrical equipment of the wind turbine, and the DC load includes a bird repeller and a warning light.

The thin film solar cell is a copper indium gallium selenide thin film solar cell.

The present invention has the following technical effects:

Bonding the thin-film solar cell to the surface of the tower of the wind turbine can not only effectively and reasonably utilize the space of the tower, but also utilize the high light transmission performance and power generation performance of the thin-film solar cell to use the generated energy for the wind turbine. Part of the equipment inside and outside the engine room (such as heating and cooling devices for gearboxes and lighting devices, etc.), thereby reducing wind energy loss, realizing the safe operation of wind turbines with low energy consumption, high efficiency, and automation, saving electricity purchase costs. The organic combination of the two ensures the system efficiency and investment benefit of the wind turbine, and at the same time does not occupy additional land and improves the land utilization rate. Correspondingly, the utilization rate of solar energy has also been improved, that is, the utilization rate of natural resources has been improved.

The invention calculates the required area, length and width of the thin-film solar cell in combination with the solar radiation amount, annual power consumption and height in different regions; the thin-film solar cell is placed above 30m high and the coverage area of the blade tower shadow effect is below, considering the Visual light pollution, climate change and other factors; the use of copper indium gallium selenide thin film solar cells has the advantages of good stability, good radiation resistance, low cost and high efficiency. The invention utilizes the storage battery to store electric energy and can be used for power supply at night and when the power grid is out of power, thereby improving the stability of the equipment.

Description of drawings

The accompanying drawings that form a part of the present application are used to provide further understanding of the present application, and the schematic embodiments and descriptions of the present application are used to explain the present application and do not constitute improper limitations on the present application.

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the power supply flow of the system

Figure 2 is the thin-film solar cell laying scheme A of this system

Figure 3 is the thin-film solar cell laying scheme B of this system

Detailed ways

It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and intended to provide further explanation of the application. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.

It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only, and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, the singular is intended to include the plural as well, furthermore, it is to be understood that when the terms "comprising" and/or "including" are used in this specification, it indicates that There are features, steps, operations, devices, components and/or combinations thereof.

As described in the background art, there are many problems in laying solar cells in the tower of wind turbines in the prior art. In order to solve the above technical problems, the present application proposes a power supply system for towers of wind turbines based on thin film solar cells.

In a typical embodiment of the present application, as shown in FIG. 1 , a wind turbine tower power supply system based on thin-film solar cells includes thin-film solar cells, a battery pack cabinet in the tower, a battery, a controller, an inverter The thin-film solar cell can be covered with epoxy resin adhesive on the light-facing surface of the tower, the battery is located in the battery pack cabinet in the tower, the controller is located at the bottom of the tower and the thin-film solar The battery, storage battery and inverter are respectively connected by cables. The controller directly divides the power generated by the thin film solar cell into three parts. A small part of the power is rectified by the controller and then sent to the DC load, and a part of the power is sent to the storage battery. After storage, a part of the electric energy is converted from direct current to alternating current through the inverter and then sent to the alternating current load through the cable.

The AC load is the electrical equipment of the wind turbine, including the auxiliary pump of the hydraulic system of the wind turbine, the heating and cooling device of the gearbox, and the like.

The auxiliary pump of the hydraulic system of the wind turbine is based on the working principle of the reversing circuit of the hydraulic system (taking the reversing circuit of the two-way variable pump as an example): the two-way variable pump supplies liquid to the upper pipeline, the hydraulic cylinder moves to the right, and the discharge flows through the lower part. The pipeline returns to the oil inlet of the two-way variable pump to form a circuit; when the two-way variable pump supplies liquid in reverse, the hydraulic cylinder moves to the left, and the discharged liquid returns to the variable pump through the upper pipeline. The auxiliary pump is located in the circuit and supplies cooled or heated oil to the system according to the real-time monitoring of the temperature sensor. When the temperature is higher than 55 degrees Celsius, the air cooler in the auxiliary pump starts to dissipate heat, and stops working when the oil temperature drops to 5 degrees Celsius; when the temperature is lower than 5 degrees Celsius, the temperature switch is closed, and the heater starts to heat until the oil temperature is high It stops working when it reaches 10 degrees Celsius.

For the auxiliary pump of the hydraulic system of the wind turbine, using the system to supply power can reduce the power supply cost of the power grid and ensure stable operation.

The gear box heating and cooling device is powered by the following two situations:

When the temperature is too high in summer or the lubricating oil temperature in the gearbox is high during the operation of the gear, the gearbox cannot operate normally, and the air cooler needs to be started to cool the lubricating oil. Generally, the air cooler starts to work automatically when it reaches 55 degrees Celsius, and the lubricating oil is cooled by the air cooler and then enters the gear box for forced lubrication; when the temperature drops to 5 degrees Celsius, the air cooler stops working. In this process, the electric energy required by the wind cooler is provided by the thin-film solar cell, which does not consume the energy generated by the fan itself.

When the ambient temperature is too low in winter and the fan is in a static state, the temperature of the lubricating oil will decrease, which will also affect the operation of the gearbox. Generally, when the temperature in the fuel tank is lower than 5 degrees Celsius, the temperature switch is closed and the heater starts to work; when the temperature of the fuel tank is higher than 10 degrees Celsius, the heater stops working. In this process, the electric energy required by the heater is provided by the thin-film solar cell and does not consume the energy generated by the fan itself.

The DC loads can be bird repellents, warning lights, etc. When the required electrical energy is supplied by thin-film solar cells, their power is negligible compared to heating and cooling devices, so their influence on the area of solar cells is not considered in the design .

The minimum area of the thin-film solar cell is calculated according to the local annual total radiation, the conversion efficiency of the thin-film solar cell, the correction factor and the total annual electricity consumption of the load. The local annual total radiation is calculated based on the amount of direct sunlight and the amount of scattering.

The thin film solar cells are covered on the outer wall of the tower facing the south and within 30m from the ground. The length of the thin film solar cell may be half the perimeter of the half surface of the tower or half the perimeter of the half surface of the tower.

The battery may be a lead-acid battery.

The thin film solar cell may be a copper indium gallium selenide thin film solar cell. The copper indium gallium selenide thin film solar cell is easy to form a good back electrode and a high-quality PN junction, and it is easy to be made into a flexible component, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the laboratory is high.

The following examples illustrate the calculation of the area and size of thin-film solar cells:

(1) Known local total radiation

For example: Since only one heater (1.2KW) or cooler (1.3KW) of the wind turbine can work at the same time, the power generation of the thin-film solar cell only needs to be 1.3KW enough (the lighting part can be ignored).

The annual electricity consumption of the required equipment (calculated based on half a year, that is, 180 days):

P=1.3×24×180×1.05≈5897KWh

Take Lubei area as an example

The total annual radiation H is 1543KWh/m ² , the thin-film solar energy conversion efficiency η is 17%, and the correction coefficient K is 0.36

Into the formula

get Z≈62.4m ²

Therefore, the area of the thin-film solar cells adhered to the surface of the tower is 62.4 m ² , which can meet the normal electricity consumption of the above equipment.

Taking a fan as an example, the required parameters are listed and calculated as follows:

Diameter of the bottom of the tower: 4200mm Diameter of the tower at the hub: 4000mm

Hub height (ie tower height): 61.5m

South half surface perimeter of the tower:

The variation of the diameter of the wind turbine tower at the height of 61.5m is only 200mm, which can be approximated as a cylinder. Two laying schemes are available:

Scheme A, as shown in Figure 2

The perimeter of the south half-surface of 6.6m is taken as the length of the thin-film solar cell. In order to satisfy the total area greater than 62.4m ² , the minimum width of the cell is 9.5m.

Scheme B, as shown in Figure 3

Taking half of the perimeter of the south half surface as the length of the thin film solar cell, in order to satisfy the total area greater than 62.4m ² , the minimum width of the cell is 18.9m.

The above two schemes can meet the requirement that the area of the thin-film solar cell is larger than the calculated value, that is to say, it can meet the self-consumption electricity demand of the fan under the assumed conditions. For the same panel, keeping the same inclination at the same latitude is the best way to stabilize the power generation. The altitude angle of the sun is slightly different at different heights, so try to select panels with the same height at the same latitude. Comparing scheme A and scheme B, it can be seen that scheme A is slender and the battery is basically at the same latitude and the same height, while scheme B occupies less horizontal space, but the height span of the battery is relatively large, and the overall power generation of the battery is not as much as that of scheme A.

(2) Unknown local radiation dose

Let the total radiation be H, the direct radiation be S, and the scattering amount be D, then, H=S+D

①When the transparency of the atmosphere is considered, the calculation formula of the amount of direct sunlight S is as follows:

in,

When the altitude h≥3000m, a=0.456;

When the altitude h<3000m and E=10.0mb, a=0.688-0.00284F; otherwise, a=0.7023-0.01826F.

b, c are determined by a and the following formula:

a+b=1.011

a+c=-0.039

表年平均气压，P_海表海平面平均气压为1013.25mp，m表大气质量，S₁表当地日照百分率，φ表纬度，δ表每月15日赤纬角平均值，F表当地沙尘暴日数与浮沉日数之和，E表当地年均绝对湿度。Among them, _Qi represents the local ideal atmospheric total radiation, P represents the thin cloud index,

The annual average air pressure, P, the average air pressure at _{the sea} surface and sea level is 1013.25 mp, m is the air mass, S ₁ is the local sunshine percentage, φ is the latitude, δ is the average declination angle on the 15th of each month, F is the number of local sandstorm days and floating and sinking The sum of the number of days, E represents the local annual average absolute humidity.

②When considering the ground reflectance A, the calculation formula of the scattering amount D is as follows:

D=KQ _k (a ₁ +b ₁ +c _l )

in,

When the altitude h>0m, a ₁ =0.229-0.000026h; b ₁ =0.334-0.0159E;

When the altitude is 0<h<2000m, c ₁ =-0.0586-0.000145h;

When the altitude h>2000m, c ₁ =-0.2420-0.000111h.

Among them, Q _k represents the ideal atmospheric total radiation when A=0, Q _a represents the ideal atmospheric total radiation after considering the ground reflectivity

above all,

The required area of the solar cell

Among them, P represents the power of the gearbox heating and cooling device, η represents the solar energy conversion efficiency of the wave model, and k represents the correction coefficient.

The laying scheme can choose scheme A or scheme B.

If the self-consumption of the wind turbine is not supplied by solar cells, but needs to be provided by the power grid, the preliminary calculation of the thermal power consumption required is as follows: Power conversion factor: 0.1229 kg of standard coal/kWh, so the above ^62.4m2 thin-film solar cells The electricity generated by the board is equivalent to the electricity generated by burning coal of 0.1229kg/KWh×5897KWh≈724.7kg. That is to say, if the solar cell is used for power supply, the burning of 724.7kg of coal can be saved, which has played a positive role in the control of air pollution.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of this application shall be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims (7)

1. A wind turbine tower power supply system based on thin-film solar cells, characterized in that, comprising thin-film solar cells, battery pack cabinets in the tower, storage batteries, controllers, and inverters, and the thin-film solar cells are covered on the tower. The battery is located in the battery pack cabinet in the tower, the controller is located at the bottom of the tower and is connected to the thin-film solar cell, the battery and the inverter through cables, respectively, and the controller directly connects the thin-film solar cells The power generated by the solar cell is divided into three parts. One part of the power is rectified by the controller and then sent to the DC load; part of the power is sent to the storage battery for storage at night, and part of the power is converted from the DC to AC through the inverter. Delivered to the AC load through the cable; The length of the thin film solar cell is the perimeter of the half surface of the tower, and the inclination angles of the cells with the same latitude are kept the same; The AC load includes heaters, air coolers, and electrical equipment for wind turbines. The electrical equipment for wind turbines includes auxiliary pumps of the hydraulic system of wind turbines, and gearbox heating and cooling devices. When the lubricating oil temperature of the gearbox is high, the auxiliary pump is started. The air cooler cools down the lubricating oil. When the lubricating oil temperature is low, the heater starts to work to increase the lubricating oil temperature. The electric energy required by the air cooler and the heater is provided by the thin-film solar cell; The minimum area of the thin film solar cell is calculated according to the local annual total radiation, the conversion efficiency of the thin film solar cell, the correction factor and the annual total electricity consumption of the load; the local annual total radiation is calculated according to the direct radiation Quantity and scattering quantity are calculated; Required area of solar cells

Among them, P is the power of the gearbox heating and cooling device, η is the solar energy conversion efficiency of the wave model, _k is the correction coefficient, Qi is the local ideal atmospheric total radiation, ρ is the thin cloud index,

is the annual average air pressure, Phai is the _sea level average air pressure of 1013.25 mp, m is the air mass, S ₁ is the local sunshine percentage, Q _k is the ideal total atmospheric radiation when A = 0, F is the local number of dust storm days and floating and sinking days Sum;

Considering the transparency of the atmosphere, when the altitude h≥3000m, a=0.456; When the altitude h<3000m and E=10.0mb, a=0.688-0.00284F; otherwise, a=0.7023-0.01826F; b, c are determined by a and the following formula: a+b=1.011 a+c=-0.039 Considering the ground reflectivity, when the altitude h>0m, a ₁ =0.229-0.000026h; b ₁ =0.334-0.0159E; When the altitude is 0<h<2000m, c ₁ =-0.0586-0.000145h; When the altitude h>2000m, c ₁ =-0.2420-0.000111h; E is the local average annual absolute humidity. 2 . The tower power supply system for wind turbines based on thin-film solar cells according to claim 1 , wherein the thin-film solar cells cover a position facing the south of the tower and within 30m from the ground. 3 . 3 . The power supply system for a wind turbine tower based on a thin film solar cell according to claim 1 , wherein the length of the thin film solar cell is half of the circumference of the half surface of the tower. 4 . 4 . The power supply system for a wind turbine tower based on a thin film solar cell according to claim 1 , wherein the thin film solar cell is adhered to the outer surface of the tower using an epoxy resin adhesive. 5 . 5 . The wind turbine tower power supply system based on thin film solar cells according to claim 1 , wherein the battery is a lead-acid battery. 6 . 6 . The power supply system for a wind turbine tower based on a thin film solar cell according to claim 1 , wherein the DC load comprises a bird repellent and a warning light. 7 . 7 . The power supply system for a wind turbine tower based on a thin film solar cell according to claim 1 , wherein the thin film solar cell is a copper indium gallium selenide thin film solar cell. 8 .

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