CN108912181B - 一种二茂铁基含能低聚物燃烧催化剂 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了结构通式（I）所示的化合物，其是一种兼备高催化效率、低迁移率和良好安全性的新型二茂铁基含能聚合物，在二茂铁中引入含能单元5,5’‑二四唑，3,5‑二氨基‑1,2,4‑三氮唑或3,4‑二氨基呋咱，在提升燃烧催化效率的同时，将二茂铁单元锁定在聚合物中解决其易迁移问题。本发明二茂铁基含能聚合物可作为火箭燃烧催化剂的应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种高催化效能、低迁移率的二茂铁基含能低聚物燃烧催化剂。
技术背景
二茂铁衍生物由于其高效的催化效果被广泛用作固体推进剂的燃烧速率催化剂，但是二茂铁衍生物是中性和挥发性的，单核的NBF、TBF等二茂铁类燃速催化剂由于分子量相对较小，在推进剂浇铸过程中存在较明显的挥发问题，影响推进剂的浇铸性能。另外，它们在贮存过程中会出现明显的迁移问题，会损害推进剂的机械性能。虽然分子量较高的双核二茂铁衍生物(例如卡托辛)部分地解决了迁移性和挥发性问题，但长期贮存仍然发现有一定的迁移，而且卡托辛对静电敏感，其蒸气和超细高氯酸铵(AP)粉尘的混合物在推进剂加工过程中有潜在危险性，这些缺点可能会破坏燃烧推进剂的稳定性，改变设计的燃烧参数，严重时会导致爆炸。
发明内容
本发明目的是提供一种兼备高催化效率、低迁移率和良好安全性的新型二茂铁基含能聚合物作为燃烧催化剂及其制备方法，在二茂铁中引入含能单元提升燃烧催化效率的同时，将二茂铁单元锁定在聚合物中解决其易迁移问题。
本发明实现过程如下：
结构通式（I）所示的化合物，
n为2-10。
上述化合物C1的制备方法：将5,5‘-二四唑二铵盐和吡啶溶于水中，加入1,1'-二茂铁二甲酰氯的甲苯溶液中搅拌，出现黄色浑浊，继续搅拌，抽滤，沉淀经洗涤，干燥即可。
上述化合物C2的制备方法：将3,5-二氨基-1,2,4-三氮唑和吡啶溶于水中，加入1,1'-二茂铁二甲酰氯的甲苯溶液中搅拌，出现黄色浑浊，继续搅拌，抽滤，沉淀经洗涤，干燥即可。
上述化合物C3的制备方法：将3,4-二氨基呋咱和吡啶溶于水中，加入1,1'-二茂铁二甲酰氯的甲苯溶液中搅拌，出现黄色浑浊，继续搅拌，抽滤，沉淀经洗涤，干燥即可。
本发明合成得到了一种兼备高催化效率、低迁移率和良好安全性的新型二茂铁基含能聚合物，在二茂铁中引入含能单元（含能单元可为5,5’-二四唑，3,5-二氨基-1,2,4-三氮唑， 3,4-二氨基呋咱等含氮杂环化合物。）提升燃烧催化效率的同时，将二茂铁单元锁定在聚合物中解决其易迁移问题。本发明二茂铁基含能聚合物可作为火箭燃烧催化剂的应用。
附图说明
图1为二茂铁含能低聚物C1 1H NMR图谱；
图2为二茂铁含能低聚物C2 1H NMR图谱；
图3为二茂铁含能低聚物C3 1H NMR图谱；
图4为二茂铁含能低聚物抗迁移性；
图5为二茂铁含能低聚物的催化高氯酸铵分解性能。
具体实施方式
实施例1：将5,5‘-二四唑二铵盐 (3 mmol)和吡啶 (1 mmol) 溶于30 mL水中，加入1,1'-二茂铁二甲酰氯 (3.3 mmol) 的30 mL甲苯溶液中，快速搅拌，出现黄色浑浊，继续搅拌24 h，抽滤，沉淀用甲苯、水洗涤，干燥，即可得到二茂铁含能低聚物C1，为橙红色油状物，图1为二茂铁含能低聚物C1 1H NMR图谱。
实施例2：将3,5-二氨基-1,2,4-三氮唑(3 mmol)和吡啶 (1 mmol) 溶于30 mL水中，加入1,1'-二茂铁二甲酰氯 (3.3 mmol) 的30 mL甲苯溶液中，快速搅拌，出现黄色浑浊，继续搅拌24 h，抽滤，沉淀用甲苯、水洗涤，干燥，即可得到二茂铁含能低聚物C2，为橙红色油状物，图2为二茂铁含能低聚物C2 1H NMR图谱。
实施例3：将3,4-二氨基呋咱 (3 mmol)和吡啶 (1 mmol) 溶于30 mL水中，加入1,1'-二茂铁二甲酰氯 (3.3 mmol) 的30 mL甲苯溶液中，快速搅拌，出现黄色浑浊，继续搅拌24 h，抽滤，沉淀用甲苯、水洗涤，干燥，即可得到二茂铁含能低聚物C3，为橙红色油状物，图3为二茂铁含能低聚物C3 1H NMR图谱。
实施例4：二茂铁含能低聚物的抗迁移性研究：对照样品的制备：取10 g HTPB加入0.56 g TDI (甲苯二异氰酸酯)搅拌均匀，倒入10 cm 内壁涂有硅油的玻璃管中，真空泵抽去气泡，70 ℃下固化7天，备用。待测样品的制备：取2 g HTPB 加入0.14 g TDI，20 mg 二茂铁含能低聚物搅拌均匀，倒入上述制备的空白样品上面，真空泵抽去气泡，标记空白样品和待测样品的分界线，50 ℃放置42天。实验结束后，取出样品，从界线处开始向空白方向将样品切成5 mm厚的薄片，在800 ℃马弗炉中灼烧6 h，加入少量稀盐酸至红棕色固体完全溶解成黄色溶液，定容，按照铁标准溶液的测定方法测定其吸光度，计算铁含量。结果表明：二茂铁在45 ℃下存放42天后的总迁移率为45%，而相同条件下，二茂铁含能低聚物C1、C2、C3的迁移率分别为0.02%、0.015%、0.023%，见图4。由此可见，极性基团的引入和分子量的增大使其具有较低的迁移率。
实施例5：
利用差式扫描量热仪测试二茂铁含能低聚物催化高氯酸铵分解性能研究，测试条件为：升温速率为10 ℃ min-1，温度范围为25~500 ℃，二茂铁含能低聚物与AP以1: 3的质量比混合，混合样品用量为0.5~0.7 mg。测试结果表明：二茂铁含能低聚物能使两步放热峰的温度大大提前，且放热较为集中，见图5。
Claims (5)
1.结构通式（I）所示的化合物，
n为2-10。
2.权利要求1所述化合物的制备方法，其特征在于：将5,5'-二四唑二铵盐和吡啶溶于水中，加入1,1'-二茂铁二甲酰氯的甲苯溶液中搅拌，出现黄色浑浊，继续搅拌，抽滤，沉淀经洗涤，干燥即可。
3.权利要求1所述化合物的制备方法，其特征在于：将3,5-二氨基-1,2,4-三氮唑和吡啶溶于水中，加入1,1'-二茂铁二甲酰氯的甲苯溶液中搅拌，出现黄色浑浊，继续搅拌，抽滤，沉淀经洗涤，干燥即可。
4.权利要求1所述化合物的制备方法，其特征在于：将3,4-二氨基呋咱和吡啶溶于水中，加入1,1'-二茂铁二甲酰氯的甲苯溶液中搅拌，出现黄色浑浊，继续搅拌，抽滤，沉淀经洗涤，干燥即可。
5.权利要求1所述化合物作为火箭燃烧催化剂的应用。
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