CN108901095B - Multistage photovoltaic electromagnetic induction control heating method and application thereof - Google Patents
Multistage photovoltaic electromagnetic induction control heating method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multilevel photovoltaic electromagnetic induction control heating method and application thereof, the method is to improve the conventional electric equipment to simultaneously configure a plurality of electromagnetic induction heating coils which are connected in parallel, each heating coil is distributed and fixed on a plurality of sites of the electric equipment, a specially-made MCU multilevel electromagnetic induction heating coil switching controller controls real-time dynamic start of any heating coil, different thermal areas with movable conversion of the heating sites of the electric equipment and logic controllable heating temperature are formed, meanwhile, a control box is switched by photovoltaic electricity and commercial power to ensure that the heating power supply of the electric equipment has photovoltaic electricity or commercial power, and the photovoltaic power supply is preferentially used by tracking dynamic power points of solar power generation to the maximum extent in a limited illumination time period. The method can improve the photoelectric control conversion effect and strengthen the photoelectric utilization rate of the photovoltaic electric appliance, and can be widely applied to the fields of water heaters, household heating, modular heating, outdoor various heating and drying and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of efficient utilization of solar photovoltaic power generation, particularly relates to a heating method of a multistage photovoltaic electromagnetic induction controller and application thereof, and relates to a high-frequency heating power dynamic control technology for photovoltaic power supply conversion and a photovoltaic electrical equipment improvement technology.
Background
Solar photovoltaic power generation is inexhaustible green energy, is a treasure given by nature and acquired by human beings only by using wisdom, and is a hot spot for developing clean energy of all countries in the world. As is known, solar power generation is composed of a solar power generation system, which includes a solar battery set, a solar controller, and a storage battery (set), and if an inverter is configured, the output power of the solar power generation system is changed into 220V or 110V ac, that is, solar photovoltaic power generation is widely used at present. The inverters are of various types, a common inverter is used for inputting direct current of 12V or 24V and outputting alternating current of 220V and 50Hz, the Power ranges from 75W to 5000W, the alternating current and direct current conversion, namely the UPS function and a large Power Point Tracker (MPPT), is of a common type, can provide a Power supply with 1000W of electric Power equivalent to the use of a conventional electric heater, and is also called a photovoltaic electric heating appliance. Solar power generation is a process of converting light energy into electric energy, but only when the multiple functions of effective illumination intensity, effective illumination maintaining time and temperature of a monocrystalline silicon storage battery plate are dynamically balancedOptimal photovoltaic electrical power output, inverters are the monitoring products developed for obtaining optimal dynamic balance photovoltaic output in real time. In fact, photovoltaic power is unstable due to the influence of weather and illumination at different times in a day, for example, when light is sufficient in the daytime, the photovoltaic power completely replaces the traditional energy to maintain normal operation of the electric appliance, but when the light is sufficient or insufficient in the daytime, particularly when the weather is not clear or at night, the photovoltaic power is almost zero, which indicates that the photovoltaic power is different from the conventional power in nature and is a power which cannot be sustained and is unstable in time. As such, conventional electrical heating methods and electrical equipment device usage of photovoltaic power conditions have many technical deficiencies in that: 1) the existing photovoltaic electric heater adopts an electric heating device which is completely the same as that under the condition of commercial power, and is an electric heating generator with only one contact, and the discontinuous factors of photovoltaic power generation require a long time for heating the medium (such as water in a metal container) in a heated container, which proves that if no market existsElectric powerThe conventional photovoltaic electric heating device matched with the photovoltaic condition has serious technical defects of low thermal efficiency. 2) The electric appliance element (electric heating coil) of the existing electric heating equipment is fixed in the electric heater, and a heating site cannot move or change, namely, the local space inside the heating equipment cannot be selectively heated, so that the effective application of the photovoltaic electricity of a high-power point tracker of a matched inverter cannot be met, and the limitation is brought to the development of photovoltaic electric heating technology products. 3) The photovoltaic power is an unstable power supply generated under the influence of weather, environment and time, and the utilization rate of solar power generation can be improved by changing local heating sites and temperature by adding coils to selectively utilize the photovoltaic power; and the conventional commercial power does not have the maximum power generation power point, and the cost is only increased by adding an electric heating coil to the electrical equipment.
Along with the improvement of living standard, the daily life of people has ever-increasing demand on various electric appliances, and the electric appliances are convenient to use, can be automatically controlled, clean the environment and are safe to operate.
At present, a photovoltaic electric heater is synchronized with a mains supply heater device, and the source of heating energy is different without any difference. However, the photovoltaic power is very unstable due to the influence of weather and time of day, for example, when light is sufficient in the daytime, the photovoltaic power completely replaces the traditional energy to maintain the normal operation of the electric appliance, but the weather is bad or the night is reached, the photovoltaic power is almost zero, which is one of the reasons why the photovoltaic power must be provided with the commercial power.
The development of the power control technology and the product for tracking the dynamic power point of solar power generation and photovoltaic high-frequency conversion heating to the maximum extent in a limited light intensity time period is the preferential development direction of the field of photovoltaic electrical appliances, and has been remarkably developed in the control field of energy power generation, the power amplification of an inverter and other aspects, new products are continuously emerged, and the development of the solar high-efficiency utilization technology and related equipment has a great difference.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multistage photovoltaic electromagnetic induction control heating method and application aiming at the defects of the prior art.
The invention relates to an MCU multistage photovoltaic electromagnetic induction control heating method, which is characterized in that a plurality of electromagnetic induction heating coils which are connected in parallel are simultaneously configured on conventional electric equipment, each heating coil is fixedly distributed on a plurality of sites of the electric equipment, a specially-made MCU multistage electromagnetic induction heating coil switching controller controls real-time dynamic starting of any one heating coil, different thermal engineering areas with movable conversion of heating sites of the electric equipment and logic controllable heating temperature are formed, meanwhile, a control box is switched by photovoltaic electricity and commercial power to enable a heating power supply of the electric equipment to have photovoltaic electricity or commercial power, and the photovoltaic power supply is preferentially used by tracking dynamic power points of solar power generation to the maximum extent in a limited illumination time period.
The switching controller of the multistage electromagnetic induction heating coils comprises an MCU processor, a buck converter voltage regulating circuit, and a switch relay and a temperature sensor which correspond to each electromagnetic induction heating coil; the heating coils form a plurality of parallel resonant loops of a common capacitor and are connected with a switching tube in series, the temperature sensor detects the temperature of a medium in a heating area of the corresponding heating coil and feeds the temperature back to the MCU processor, and the MCU processor controls the switching of the switching relay; the MCU processor controls the duty ratio of a switching tube connected with the resonance loop in series so as to control the voltage and the current of the heating coil.
According to the invention, the multi-stage electromagnetic induction coils are respectively and independently heated to work, and the photovoltaic power generation assembly is irrelevant to the number of the started electromagnetic induction coils; the arrangement of the electromagnetic induction heating coils in the photovoltaic electric heating equipment in a thermotechnical fixation mode can be vertical arrangement or horizontal distribution, and local heating sites can be changed and local heating temperature can be regulated and controlled by starting any one electromagnetic induction heating coil through the logic operation of an electromagnetic induction coil switching controller MCU; the electromagnetic induction heating coils are not limited in number by design and arrangement as required. In addition, if incorporate into under the multiunit photovoltaic power generation subassembly input condition, can start more electromagnetic induction heating coil simultaneously, that is three coils start simultaneously and need three sets of photovoltaic power generation subassemblies, make it can increase the control effect of power operation.
The method is designed aiming at tracking the dynamic power point of solar power generation to the maximum extent in a limited light intensity time period and developing a power control technology of photovoltaic high-frequency conversion heating, and meanwhile, an improvement scheme is provided for photovoltaic electric heating equipment, so that the method is used for improving the existing photovoltaic electric heating power control technology and updating photovoltaic electric equipment. Especially in the aspect of photovoltaic electric water heater, the MCU multi-stage electromagnetic induction heating coil is not increased in quantity in the simple sense of the existing like products, but is creative work of a novel photovoltaic electric heating control technology, and not only has long been made, but also samples for trial use are put into practice and are successful.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the concept of the process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the application of the method of the present invention to a water heater;
fig. 3 is a circuit diagram of a specific photovoltaic power efficient application control circuit of the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The method is concretely realized as follows:
1. photovoltaic power generation: the photovoltaic power generation control system is composed of a photovoltaic module, a photovoltaic power generation controller, a high-frequency inverter and auxiliary electrical appliance elements, the technology is mature and standardized at present, a photovoltaic panel with the area of 1-2.0 square meters can obtain photovoltaic electric energy power of 1kw, dynamic power point calculation of solar power generation is tracked to the maximum extent, and 4-5 degrees of electricity can be obtained in one day theoretically on average.
2. Photovoltaic electricity and commercial power switch control box: the system is a system which is input by photovoltaic direct current PV +/-and alternating current commercial power L/N, wherein the commercial power is that alternating current is converted into direct current through a rectifier bridge, and then the switching control is carried out on the photovoltaic and commercial power supply through a relay S1; the resistor R1 and the relay S2 form a soft start control circuit, so that the system is prevented from being electrified and impacted;
an MCU multistage electromagnetic induction heating coil switching controller (here, three electromagnetic induction heating coils are taken as an example for specific explanation, and the specific control circuit is shown in fig. 3):
the hardware of the switching controller of the multi-stage electromagnetic induction heating coil comprises: the device mainly comprises an MCU central data processor, a relay S1 with three pairs of double contacts, high-power numerical control switch electron tubes Q1 and Q2, three electromagnetic induction heating coils L3, L4 and L5, matched temperature sensors and other components;
the software design of the control loop of the multistage electromagnetic induction coil switching controller comprises the following steps: Q2/C9/S3/L3, Q2/C9/S4/L4 and Q2/C9/S5/L5 are respectively three parallel resonant loops of the common capacitors, wherein the switching relays are three double contacts (A1/B1; A2/B2 and A3/B3), and the triple switches S3, S4 and S5 (the contacts are connected to the output end of the high-frequency converter for A and B) are used for connecting three electromagnetic induction heating coils in parallel, namely L3, L4 and L5 respectively, and the three electromagnetic induction coils are independent of each other and have the same power and are used for starting one loop to work through switching of the relays at each time, so that the heating sites can be switched, and the heating purpose that the region temperature can be regulated and controlled is achieved;
the working principle and the steps are as follows: after a system is powered on, the switching controller obtains stable power supply, the switching controller is precharged through a resistor R1, after the voltage on a capacitor C7 is stabilized, the MCU is used for driving, switching and connecting S2, soft start control is completed, after the voltage of the C7, namely the direct current voltage of a bus, is stabilized, at the moment, gate-level driving signals of an electronic switching tube Q1 and a Q2 are in a closing standby state, and after a central data processor (MCU) to be obtained is combined with an external temperature sensor to give an instruction to switch to a designated coil, the gate-level driving signals of Q1 and Q2 are sequentially switched to supply power to the coil for heating; C7/Q1/L1/D1/C8 form a buck converter voltage regulating circuit, the voltage regulating circuit outputs stable 10Vdc voltage firstly and then starts Q2, starting resonance operation of a rear-stage parallel resonance loop is achieved, for example, Q2/C9/S3/L3, the buck converter carries out maximum power point tracking control according to illumination, namely output power of a photovoltaic module, and real-timely regulates the duty ratio of Q1 to carry out real-time regulation on the output voltage of the converter; meanwhile, a central data processor (MCU) regulates the duty ratio of Q2 in real time through operation, namely, controls the voltage and the current at two ends of the coil, so that the real-time synchronous conversion of photovoltaic electric energy to electromagnetic energy is realized, the power of the coil with strong photovoltaic power is strong, and the power of the coil with weak photovoltaic power is weak; in the heating control process, according to the output power and the water temperature condition obtained by the photovoltaic module, a central data processor (MCU) gives an instruction for controlling the on and off of corresponding contacts on the relay, and the heating coils are sequentially switched to complete local heating and drive the whole heating.
In an initial starting system, according to an instruction of a central data processor (MCU), only S3Relay is activated to close S3, a buck controller and a resonant circuit are sequentially started, power is preferentially supplied to a coil L3, the temperature of a heated body where the L3 is located is accurately measured through a temperature sensor Ltemp1, when the temperature of the heated body reaches the requirement, gate-level driving signals of Q1 and Q2 are closed, and then S3 is opened, namely the buck controller and the resonant circuit where the L3 is located are stopped; closing S4 only by S4Relay according to the instruction of a central data processor (MCU), sequentially starting a buck controller and a resonant circuit, supplying power to a coil L4, accurately measuring the temperature of a heated body where the L4 is located by a temperature sensor Ltemp2, and stopping heating when the temperature of the heated body where the L4 is located meets the requirement; sequentially switching to L5 to heat the heated body where L5 is located, and stopping heating when the temperature sensor Ltemp3 at the position to be heated reaches a set value; if the temperature of the heated body of L3 is reduced to a set value when heating L4 or L5, the work is immediately stopped, and the coil of L3 is switched back to heat according to a starting sequence, namely, the L3 is always preferentially heated, so that the temperature of the heated body of L3 is always ensured to meet the set value.
The application examples of the photovoltaic electrical appliance of the multistage photovoltaic electromagnetic induction heating control method are as follows:
example 1: efficient photovoltaic electromagnetic induction water heater
A high-efficiency photovoltaic electromagnetic induction water heater comprises a photovoltaic assembly, a photovoltaic power generation system, a hardware system of a multi-stage electromagnetic induction heating coil switching controller, an electromagnetic heating system, an electromagnetic valve and the like (see figures 2 and 3); the hardware structure is shown in fig. 2, wherein 1 is a water heater inner container, 2 is a heat insulation layer shell, 3 is each electromagnetic induction heating coil, 4, 5 and 6 are each control switch, 7 is an electromagnetic valve group, and 8 is a main valve. Wherein, the two points of the output end A, B of the electromagnetic induction coil controller and the switching control loop provide alternating voltage 220V and current 10A, the relays S3, S4 and S5 (the contacts are A and B) connected with the electromagnetic induction coil switching controller are used for controlling three electromagnetic induction heating coils and are in a standby state before receiving an instruction; three electromagnetic induction heating coils are wound on the outer wall of the vertically suspended water heater at equal intervals, three thermal areas (a, b and c) with the same volume are formed by taking coil heating as a center (figure 2) of the water heater, and electromagnetic valve groups with temperature sensor functions in each area are M1, M2 and M3(M4 is a cleaning valve) and finally converge in a main valve M; starting L3, closing relay S3, heating the top area of the container, when the water temperature reaches the set requirement, sending a new instruction after a central data processor (MCU) receives the data of the electromagnetic valve temperature sensor, and switching to start the L4 coil; s3 off, S4 on; the same goes so until L5 is activated to heat the entire container partially to full heat; if the top zone water temperature drops to-5% of the set value (which can be set via the human machine interface of the water heater), the data processor can issue instructions at any time and switch back to L3, but first ensure that there is sufficient operating water temperature in the top zone; the specific description is as follows: for example, the water heater is 80 liters, the horizontal suspension single-stage electromagnetic induction heating coil is wound in the middle of the water heater and is equivalent to the bottom of the vertical suspension water heater, and the water temperature of the whole container reaches 80 ℃, so that the working water can be provided, but 4 hours are consumed and is equivalent to one day; if the heating time is shortened, the commercial power is required to be used; the multi-stage electromagnetic induction heating coils are wound outside the vertically suspended water heater at equal intervals, and the water heater is divided into three thermal areas (figure 2) with the same volume; firstly, starting a top layer electromagnetic induction heating coil to heat a container a area to 80 ℃ for only 1 hour; if the temperature is not changed, continuously switching and starting the electromagnetic induction heating coil in the area c, and moving down the horizontal plane of a heating site so as to heat the area c of the container; if the weather changes suddenly after just two hours, the photovoltaic electric power drops to zero, but because the heating is carried out in a multi-stage switching mode, and the heating horizontal plane point can move up and down, the multi-stage coil photovoltaic electric water heater can provide 40 liters of working water in an effective light intensity period, and the conventional single-stage coil heating can provide zero working water. The multi-stage coil is circularly switched to heat, and the technical innovation for realizing the maximum utilization of photovoltaic energy is realized.
Example 2: efficient photovoltaic household floor heating
A high-efficient photovoltaic power generation component used for photovoltaic home heating is the same as the embodiment 1, and has multiple purposes; wherein the two points of the output end A, B of the electromagnetic induction coil controller and the switching control loop give out alternating voltage 220V and current 10A, the relays S3, S4 and S5 (contacts are A and B) connected with the electromagnetic induction coil switching controller are used for controlling three electromagnetic induction heating coils and are in a standby state before receiving an instruction (figure 3); the three electromagnetic induction heating coils are respectively made into electromagnetic induction heating modules, the electromagnetic induction heating modules are made of heat storage materials and have a heat storage function, the electromagnetic induction heating modules are respectively placed on the main horizontal L3, the secondary horizontal L4 and the hall L5, any one of the heating modules can be started at will, the temperature of a heat storage module temperature sensor reaches 50% of a set temperature, then the next heating module can be started, the heating module enters a circulation starting mode, the electromagnetic induction switcher is started within a limited light intensity time period to enable the temperature of each heat storage module to reach 100% of the set temperature, and the indoor heating purpose is achieved.
Example 3: efficient photovoltaic tealeaves drying-machine
The tea leaves are killed in time after being picked and important for the quality of the tea leaves, as is well known, tea polyphenol in the tea leaves is a nutrient substance beneficial to human bodies, but the tea leaves leaving the tree body after being picked can release a substance of polyphenol oxidase to destroy the structure of the tea polyphenol so as to reduce the nutrition of the tea leaves, and the tea leaves are usually picked and processed in time or put into a cold storage to inhibit the activity of the polyphenol oxidase. The photovoltaic tea dryer is adopted to carry out tea enzyme deactivation in the field at the first time, namely the heating temperature of the tea is accumulated at 46-55 ℃ for not less than 20 minutes to achieve the aim of inhibiting the activity of polyphenol oxidase, and the field enzyme deactivation brings technical breakthrough for processing high-quality tea. The specific method comprises the following steps: the photovoltaic power generation assembly, the electromagnetic induction coil controller and the switching control loop are the same as those in embodiment 1; at this time, three electromagnetic induction heating coils are prepared into a porous electromagnetic induction heating partition plate with a temperature sensor, the electromagnetic induction heating partition plate is respectively and equidistantly placed in the drying equipment to divide the equipment into three different thermal engineering areas with equal space (refer to fig. 2), (more electromagnetic induction coils can be arranged according to requirements to increase the working space of the laminate expansion drying equipment and improve the working efficiency), an exhaust hole is arranged above the drying equipment, and the bottom of the drying equipment is provided with air agitation to enable the equipment to have the functions of moisture removal and temperature circulation. During the drying operation, the tea leaves are placed on the porous electromagnetic induction heating partition plate with the temperature sensor, one layer of the heating partition plate can be started at will, the drying equipment is heated and driven uniformly under the action of wind through circulating switching and layered heating, the temperature sensor and the data processor control the temperature and the MCU data processing and memorizing the drying time and send instructions to change the heating layer surface so that the local heating drives the whole drying, and therefore, the high-quality green-removing tea leaves obtained in the field can be brought back to the factory. On the other hand, the multistage electromagnetic induction heating coil can replace the conventional drying man to take out the sieve plate adjusting layer for heating labor intensity, so that the multistage electromagnetic induction heating coil is not simply increased in number but is creatively used for tracking the optimal power point of photovoltaic energy and effectively utilizing light energy.
Claims (4)
1. A multilevel photovoltaic electromagnetic induction control heating method is characterized in that electrical equipment is improved to be simultaneously provided with a plurality of electromagnetic induction heating coils which are connected in parallel, each heating coil is fixedly distributed on a plurality of sites of the electrical equipment, an MCU multilevel electromagnetic induction heating coil switching controller controls real-time dynamic starting of any one of the heating coils, different thermal engineering areas with movable transformation of heating sites of the electrical equipment and controllable heating temperature logic are formed, one heating coil is always preferentially heated, so that the temperature of the thermal engineering area where the heating coil is located is always ensured to meet a set value, meanwhile, a photovoltaic electricity and commercial electricity switching control box enables a heating power supply of the heating coil to have photovoltaic electricity or commercial electricity, and the photovoltaic power supply is preferentially used by tracking dynamic power points of solar power generation to the maximum extent in a limited illumination time period;
the MCU multistage electromagnetic induction heating coil switching controller comprises an MCU processor, a buck converter voltage regulating circuit, and a switch relay and a temperature sensor which correspond to each electromagnetic induction heating coil; the heating coils form a plurality of parallel resonant loops of common capacitors and are connected with a switching tube in series, the temperature sensor detects the temperature of the medium in the corresponding heating coil hot working area and feeds the temperature back to the MCU processor, and the MCU processor controls the switching of the switching relay; the MCU processor controls the duty ratio of a switching tube connected with the resonance loop in series so as to control the voltage and the current of the heating coil.
2. An efficient photovoltaic electromagnetic induction water heater characterized in that heating is achieved by the method of claim 1.
3. An efficient photovoltaic floor heating system, characterized in that heating is achieved by the method of claim 1.
4. A high efficiency photovoltaic tea dryer wherein heating is achieved by the method of claim 1.
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| CN110337989A (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2019-10-18 | 浙江大学 | Photovoltaic electric heating regulates and controls hickory chick cultivating soil temperature methods |
| CN110513746A (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2019-11-29 | 浙江大学 | A kind of high-efficiency water heater power amplifier |
| CN110337997A (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2019-10-18 | 浙江大学 | Photovoltaic electric heating regulates and controls bamboo plantation soil moisture method |
| CN110492440B (en) * | 2019-07-24 | 2022-04-12 | 上海空间电源研究所 | Soft start protection circuit for high-power topology control |
| FR3111474A1 (en) * | 2020-06-12 | 2021-12-17 | Andre Borie | Electricity smart router set and high frequency inductive heating for photovoltaic panel. |
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