CN108889104A - 一种用于堆肥尾气脱臭的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于堆肥尾气脱臭的方法,包括水洗喷淋系统、干燥装置、低温等离子体系统、排空装置。堆肥尾气首先进入水洗喷淋系统,通过预先投加在恒温水洗系统溶液中的微生物菌剂与尾气充分逆流吸收、利用微生物菌剂对污染物的降解,大幅降低尾气中各类挥发性有机物的浓度;紧接着通过干燥装置减少进入低温等离子系统中水汽量,避免水汽给系统带来不必要的影响及安全隐患;在高能电子的瞬时高能量作用下,利用大量高能电子、离子、激发态粒子和氧自由基、氢氧自由基等把难溶于水的污染物直接分解成单质原子或无害分子,最终达到去除恶臭尾气的效果,实现尾气达标排放的目的。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于废气处理技术及环境保护领域,更具体地说是一种利用水洗喷淋系统(含微生物菌剂、恒温系统)联合低温等离子体系统处理堆肥尾气的方法。
背景技术
恶臭污染已成为堆肥过程中的主要环境问题。堆肥作为一种生物加工技术,在处理畜禽粪便方面具有低能耗、低成本等优点,但在堆肥过程中会产生大量臭气,如氨气(NH3)、硫化氢(H2S)、二氧化硫(SO2)、硫醇类、胺类、酰胺类等挥发性有机化合物,这些臭气不仅给操作人员带来直接的嗅觉刺激,甚至长期在这样的环境中工作可导致呼吸道疾病,而且进入大气后可造成酸雨及水体富营养化等环境破坏,尾气处理问题刻不容缓。
目前,针对堆肥过程中产生的臭气除臭的方法有很多,如水洗法、吸除法、药液处理法、生物滤池法、空气稀释法和臭氧氧化法等,其中生物滤池技术运行容易,运行费用较少,能耗较低而且不需要外加营养物质,是经济有效的、环境友好型技术,被广泛用于臭气脱臭。但是生物滤池占地面积较大而且前期投资成本较高,除此之外,随着生物量的增长可能会造成填料的堵塞而增加压降和营养物质的耗尽,从而需要定期更换。
传统的喷淋吸收技术是利用硫酸(H2SO4)、氢氧化钠(NaOH)等化学物质能够与H2S及NH3等无机类恶臭气体反应的性质来达到除臭的目的。通常情况下,喷淋吸收技术采用多级吸收来完全去除H2S、NH3等臭气,即第一级除去NH3,选用酸液喷淋,第二级除去H2S,选用碱液喷淋。喷淋吸收技术对H2S及NH3去除较为完全,但是对硫醇等其它有机恶臭气体去除效率很低,并且化学吸收法的运行费用较高,因此,化学吸收法的使用受到了一定程度上的限制。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对堆肥尾气处理方法现有技术缺陷,提供一种利用水洗喷淋系统(含微生物菌剂、恒温系统)联合低温等离子体系统处理堆肥尾气的方法,该方法具有使用范围广、无二次污染、净化效率高、反应器结构紧凑,占地面积小、操作简单等优点。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供的技术方案是:
一种用于堆肥尾气脱臭的方法,包括水洗喷淋系统、干燥装置、低温等离子体系统和排空装置;所述水洗喷淋系统采用恒温水洗系统,通过微生物菌剂喷淋降解微生物;堆肥尾气脱臭方法包括以下步骤:
1)堆肥尾气首先进入水洗喷淋系统,通过预先投加在恒温水洗系统溶液中的微生物菌剂与尾气充分逆流吸收,利用微生物菌剂对污染物降解,大幅降低尾气中各类挥发性有机物的浓度;
2)紧接着通过干燥装置来减少尾气中的水汽量;
3)在等离子体系统的高能电子的瞬时高能量作用下,利用大量高能电子、离子、激发态粒子和氧自由基、氢氧自由基把难溶于水的污染物直接分解成单质原子或无害分子,最终达到去除恶臭尾气的效果;
4)尾气达标后,通过排空装置排放。
进一步的,在所述低温等离子体系统和排空装置之间设有引风机,在所述引风机处设有在线监测装置。
通过在线监测装置监测尾气的成分,若监测结果不合格则通过循环管路重新进入水洗喷淋系统,再次通过该步骤1)至步骤4)的脱臭处理步骤。
所述的微生物菌剂为恶臭假单胞菌(Pseudomonas putida)ATCC 17485、寡养单胞菌(Stenotrophomonas)NAECC 1863、短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumilus)CMCC 63202、铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)ATCC 27853、肺炎克雷伯氏菌(KlebsiellaPneumoniae)ATCC 10031、门多萨假单胞菌(Pseudomonas mendocina)ATCC 13884、地衣芽孢杆菌(Baclicus lincheniformis)ATCC 11946中的一种或几种。
微生物菌剂的最佳环境温度为20~35oC,气温低时可通过喷淋系统水箱内的加热装置加热达到微生物菌剂的最佳活性状态。
所述的水洗喷淋系统装置为一级喷淋、二级喷淋或三级喷淋系统。
所述的水洗喷淋系统中的填料为悬浮球形填料、空心球填料、组合填料、拉西环、泰勒环、鲍尔环中的一种或几种填料组合。
所述的脱水装置中的脱水剂为硅胶干燥剂、粘土干燥剂、分子筛干燥剂、矿物干燥剂、纤维干燥剂、中性干燥剂中的一种或几种干燥剂组合。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
本发明中,堆肥尾气首先通过预先投加在恒温水洗系统溶液中的微生物菌剂与尾气充分逆流吸收、利用微生物菌剂对污染物的降解,大幅降低尾气中各类挥发性有机物的浓度;紧接着通过干燥装置减少进入低温等离子系统中水汽量,避免水汽给系统带来不必要的影响及安全隐患;在高能电子的瞬时高能量作用下,利用大量高能电子、离子、激发态粒子和氧自由基、氢氧自由基等把难溶于水的污染物直接分解成单质原子或无害分子,最终达到去除恶臭尾气的效果,实现尾气达标排放的目的。处理后气体达到《恶臭污染物排放标准》(GB14554-93)一级标准。
本发明采用低温等离子体降解污染物是利用高能电子、自由基等活性粒子和废气中的污染物作用,使污染物分子在极短的时间内发生分解,并发生后续的各种反应以达到降解污染物的目的,还具有以下技术优势:
(1)适用范围广。介质阻挡放电产生的低温等离子体电子能量高,对污染物的降解无选择性,几乎可以和所有的异味恶臭气体分子作用;
(2)无二次污染。废气经过低温等离子体氧化反应器处理后的最终产物为二氧化碳、水等,不对外界环境产生二次污染;
(3)反应时间短。低温等离子体反应器处理废气的反应快,在0.01~0.1s内完成,几乎不受气速限制;
(4)解决设备腐蚀问题。低温等离子体氧化反应器采用防腐蚀材料,且电极不与废气直接接触,从根本上解决了废气对设备的腐蚀问题;
(5)操控方便,不受时间限制,即用即开,即关即停,无需专业技术人员操作监控,节省人工费;
(6)结构简单、占地面积小。
附图说明
图1:本发明的系统流程图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
参见附图,一种用于堆肥尾气脱臭的方法,包括水洗喷淋系统(含微生物菌剂、恒温系统)、干燥装置、低温等离子体系统、排空装置。堆肥尾气首先进入水洗喷淋系统,通过预先投加在恒温水洗系统溶液中的微生物菌剂与尾气充分逆流吸收、利用微生物菌剂对污染物的降解,大幅降低尾气中各类挥发性有机物的浓度;紧接着通过干燥装置减少进入低温等离子系统中水汽量,在高能电子的瞬时高能量作用下,利用大量高能电子、离子、激发态粒子和氧自由基、氢氧自由基等把难溶于水的污染物直接分解成单质原子或无害分子,尾气达标后,通过排空装置排放。
具体操作步骤包括:
(1)打开引风机,让堆肥尾气进入管路,开启水洗喷淋系统中的水泵(冬季先将水箱水温加热到指定温度后按顺序开启引风机、水泵),让喷淋水自上而下与尾气逆流充分接触并吸收,并通过微生物菌剂的进一步作用降低气体浓度;
(2)气体离开水洗喷淋系统后进入到干燥装置中,通过干燥剂的作用脱除气体中绝大部分的水汽后进入到低温等离子体系统;
(3)开启低温等离子体系统,在高能电子的瞬时高能量作用下与尾气进行反应,将尾气中的挥发性有机物氧化分解成无害物质;
(4)通过在管路末端设置的在线检测仪分析处理的尾气是否达标来进行下一步动作,若达到排放标准开启排空阀直接排放,若未达到排放标准,排空阀紧闭并打开循环管路阀门,让尾气通过循环管路回到水洗喷淋系统前端再次处理,直至达标排放。
以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例,并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制,任何熟悉本专业的技术人员,在不脱离本发明技术方案范围内,依据本发明的技术实质,对以上实施例所作的任何简单的修改、等同替换与改进等,均仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.一种用于堆肥尾气脱臭的方法,其特征在于:包括水洗喷淋系统、干燥装置、低温等离子体系统和排空装置;所述水洗喷淋系统采用恒温水洗系统,通过微生物菌剂喷淋降解微生物;堆肥尾气脱臭方法包括以下步骤:
1)堆肥尾气首先进入水洗喷淋系统,通过预先投加在恒温水洗系统溶液中的微生物菌剂与尾气充分逆流吸收,利用微生物菌剂对污染物降解,大幅降低尾气中各类挥发性有机物的浓度;
2)紧接着通过干燥装置来减少尾气中的水汽量;
3)在等离子体系统的高能电子的瞬时高能量作用下,利用大量高能电子、离子、激发态粒子和氧自由基、氢氧自由基把难溶于水的污染物直接分解成单质原子或无害分子,最终达到去除恶臭尾气的效果;
4)尾气达标后,通过排空装置排放。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于堆肥尾气脱臭的方法,其特征在于:在所述低温等离子体系统和排空装置之间设有引风机,在所述引风机处设有在线监测装置。
3.根据权利要求2所述的用于堆肥尾气脱臭的方法,其特征在于:通过在线监测装置监测尾气的成分,若监测结果不合格则通过循环管路重新进入水洗喷淋系统,再次通过该步骤1)至步骤4)的脱臭处理步骤。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用于堆肥尾气脱臭的方法,其特征在于:所述的微生物菌剂为恶臭假单胞菌(Pseudomonas putida)ATCC 17485、寡养单胞菌(Stenotrophomonas)NAECC1863、短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumilus)CMCC 63202、铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonasaeruginosa)ATCC 27853、肺炎克雷伯氏菌(Klebsiella Pneumoniae)ATCC 10031、门多萨假单胞菌(Pseudomonas mendocina)ATCC 13884、地衣芽孢杆菌(Baclicuslincheniformis)ATCC 11946中的一种或几种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的用于堆肥尾气脱臭的方法,其特征在于:微生物菌剂的最佳环境温度为20~35℃,气温低时可通过喷淋系统水箱内的加热装置加热达到微生物菌剂的最佳活性状态。
6.根据权利要求1所述的用于堆肥尾气脱臭的方法,其特征在于:所述的水洗喷淋系统装置为一级喷淋、二级喷淋或三级喷淋系统。
7.根据权利要求1所述的用于堆肥尾气脱臭的方法,其特征在于:所述的水洗喷淋系统中的填料为悬浮球形填料、空心球填料、组合填料、拉西环、泰勒环、鲍尔环中的一种或几种填料组合。
8.根据权利要求1所述的用于堆肥尾气脱臭的方法,其特征在于:所述的脱水装置中的脱水剂为硅胶干燥剂、粘土干燥剂、分子筛干燥剂、矿物干燥剂、纤维干燥剂、中性干燥剂中的一种或几种干燥剂组合。
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