CN108878825A - A kind of surface coated positive electrode and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

A kind of surface coated positive electrode and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108878825A
CN108878825A CN201810665077.9A CN201810665077A CN108878825A CN 108878825 A CN108878825 A CN 108878825A CN 201810665077 A CN201810665077 A CN 201810665077A CN 108878825 A CN108878825 A CN 108878825A
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positive electrode
nickel
surface coated
zirconium
lithium manganate
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CN108878825B (en
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许开华
王建明
徐世国
张文艳
周晓燕
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Greenmei (Hubei) new energy materials Co.,Ltd.
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Grammy (wuxi) Energy Materials Co Ltd
GEM Co Ltd China
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/362—Composites
    • H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
    • H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
    • H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/628—Inhibitors, e.g. gassing inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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Abstract

The present invention is suitable for anode material of lithium battery technical field, a kind of surface coated positive electrode provided by the invention and preparation method thereof, in nickel-cobalt lithium manganate cathode material external sheath LibLamZrnO12Not only increase the cycle performance and high rate performance of material, and positive electrode is coated during washing, simplify the wet process cladding process of existing middle high-nickel material, and it is dried with spray drying process, improve drying efficiency, the ion concentration being greatly reduced in wash water, to reduce processing difficulty, two burning of cladding, which is carried out, with rotary kiln also improves equipment capacity, reduce saggar usage amount, two burning energy consumptions are reduced, while sintering feed is more evenly, so that sintered coated with uniform LibLamZrnO12Nickel-cobalt lithium manganate cathode material comprehensive performance it is more preferable.

Description

A kind of surface coated positive electrode and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The invention belongs to anode material of lithium battery technical field more particularly to a kind of surface coated positive electrode and its systems Preparation Method.
Background technique
In order to alleviate the energy crisis and environmental pollution that get worse, a series of policies have been put into effect to promote in countries in the world Upgrading of the fuel vehicle to electric car.Requirement of the electric car to battery high energy metric density promotes nickelic ternary material It is fast-developing.With the raising of nickel content, integral energy density is improved ternary material, but due to cobalt, manganese/aluminium equal size It reduces, the structural stability of material is caused to decline.Meanwhile high-nickel material surface high residual alkali (LiOH, Li2CO3) characteristic also cause There is gel when closing slurry during preparing lithium ion battery in positive electrode, so as to cause the problem that pole piece preparation is difficult, and And residual alkali can react in battery use process with electrolyte, generating gas leads to battery failures, seriously affects the peace of battery Full performance.The shortcomings that poor for current high-nickel material stable structure, high residual alkali, settling mode common at present is to high-nickel material Production process increases the processes such as washing, filtering, cladding, two burnings, to tighten and improve nickelic cycle performance, high rate performance, peace Full performance etc..But the production cost increases for these increased process brings, and in addition unreacted is completely left to contain heavy metal Waste water or solvent, subsequent recovery work are relatively complicated.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of surface coated positive electrode and preparation method thereof, It is intended to simplify the preparation process of existing nickelic positive electrode, improves the cycle performance and multiplying power of material using the residual alkali of material surface Performance.
On the one hand, described a kind of surface coated positive electrode and preparation method thereof includes the following steps：
Step S1, the acetic acid zirconium and lanthanum acetate of certain mass are dissolved in deionized water, then by certain ratio that measures by nickel Cobalt manganic acid lithium positive electrode and deionized water uniformly mix in water bath with thermostatic control, obtain containing acetic acid zirconium, lanthanum acetate, LiOH just Pole material slurry；
Step S2, it is slowly added to ammonium hydroxide and acetic acid into the positive electrode slurries that S1 is obtained, is constantly stirred during addition It mixes, adjusts the pH of slurries until 8-10, continues to stir after the completion, hydrolysis occurs for acetic acid zirconium and acetic acid in whipping process, obtains To the slurry of the hydroxide and nickel-cobalt lithium manganate cathode material of nanoscale zirconium and lanthanum；
Step S3, the obtained slurry of step S2 is transferred in spray drying device and is dried, obtain nickel cobalt The powder that manganate cathode material for lithium is mixed with micro LiOH, zirconium hydroxide, lanthanum hydroxide；
Step S4, the obtained powder of step S3 is burnt into rotary kiln, keeps the atmosphere of air or oxygen, firing Nanoscale zirconium hydroxide and lanthanum hydroxide are reacted with positive electrode LiOH remained on surface in the process generates LibLamZrnO12, obtain Coated with uniform LibLamZrnO12Positive electrode.
On the other hand, the surface coated positive electrode internal layer is nickel-cobalt lithium manganate cathode material LiaNixCoyMn1-x- yO2, wherein 0.9≤a≤1.2, x >=0.6,0 y≤0.3 <, outer layer LibLamZrnO12Clad.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：A kind of surface coated positive electrode provided by the invention and preparation method thereof, Nickel-cobalt lithium manganate cathode material external sheath LibLamZrnO12Not only increase the cycle performance and high rate performance of material, Er Qie Positive electrode is coated during washing, simplifies the wet process cladding process of existing middle high-nickel material, and with spraying Seasoning is dried, and improves drying efficiency, the ion concentration being greatly reduced in wash water, so that it is difficult to reduce processing Degree carries out two burning of cladding with rotary kiln and also improves equipment capacity, reduces saggar usage amount, reduce two burning energy consumptions, together When sintering feed more evenly so that sintered coated with uniform LibLamZrnO12Nickel-cobalt lithium manganate cathode material comprehensive performance More preferably.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that the embodiment of the present invention 1 coats LibLamZrnO12Nickel-cobalt lithium manganate cathode material and the common nickel cobalt of comparative example 1 The lithium battery volume conservation rate comparison diagram of manganate cathode material for lithium.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, and It is not used in the restriction present invention.
Surface coated positive electrode provided by the invention and preparation method thereof includes the following steps：
Step S1, the acetic acid zirconium and lanthanum acetate of certain mass are dissolved in deionized water, then by certain ratio that measures by nickel Cobalt manganic acid lithium positive electrode and deionized water uniformly mix in water bath with thermostatic control, obtain containing acetic acid zirconium, lanthanum acetate, LiOH just Pole material slurry；
In this step, nickel-cobalt lithium manganate cathode material remained on surface lithium total amount is 1.0mol%~3.5mol%, acetic acid zirconium Zirconium quality be nickel-cobalt lithium manganate cathode material gross mass 300~2000ppm, the lanthanum quality of lanthanum acetate be nickle cobalt lithium manganate just The mass ratio of 800~4500ppm of pole material gross mass, nickel-cobalt lithium manganate cathode material and deionized water is 1:0.7~1:3, The temperature of water bath with thermostatic control is 25 DEG C~65 DEG C.
Step S2, it is slowly added to ammonium hydroxide and acetic acid into the positive electrode slurries that S1 is obtained, is constantly stirred during addition It mixes, adjusts the pH of slurries until 8-10, continues to stir after the completion, hydrolysis occurs for acetic acid zirconium and acetic acid in whipping process, obtains To the slurry of the hydroxide and nickel-cobalt lithium manganate cathode material of nanoscale zirconium and lanthanum；
In this step, mixing speed is 300~800r/min, adjusts the pH of slurries until the mixing time after 8-10 is 0.5~3.0h.
Step S3, the obtained slurry of step S2 is transferred in spray drying device and is dried, obtain nickel cobalt The powder that manganate cathode material for lithium is mixed with micro LiOH, zirconium hydroxide, lanthanum hydroxide；
In this step, at 200-250 DEG C, outlet temperature is controlled at 100-130 DEG C the control of spray drying device inlet temperature.
Step S4, the obtained powder of step S3 is burnt into rotary kiln, keeps the atmosphere of air or oxygen, firing Nanoscale zirconium hydroxide and lanthanum hydroxide are reacted with positive electrode LiOH remained on surface in the process generates LibLamZrnO12, obtain Coated with uniform LibLamZrnO12Positive electrode.
In this step, firing temperature is 400-600 DEG C in rotary kiln, and firing time is 5~12h.
Last surface coated positive electrode internal layer obtained is nickel-cobalt lithium manganate cathode material LiaNixCoyMn1-x-yO2, Wherein, 0.9≤a≤1.2, x >=0.6,0 y≤0.3 <, outer layer LibLamZrnO12Clad.
The present invention is during preparing nickel-cobalt lithium manganate cathode material by the way that zirconium hydroxide and lanthanum hydroxide and material is added Solid phase reaction occurs for LiOH remained on surface, the residual alkali of material surface has both been reduced, when improving the subsequent production battery of material Processing performance, simultaneous reactions generate LibLamZrnO12, coat on the surface of the material, reduce corrosion of the electrolyte to material, mention High material structure stability, so that the cycle performance of material is improved, and coating ionic conductivity with higher, Improve the high rate performance of material；Positive electrode is coated during washing, simplifies existing middle high-nickel material Wet process coats process, and is dried with spray drying process, improves drying efficiency, the ion being greatly reduced in wash water Concentration, to reduce processing difficulty；In addition the present invention carries out two burning of cladding with rotary kiln and not only increases equipment capacity, subtracts Saggar usage amount is lacked, has reduced two burning energy consumptions, while sintering feed is more evenly, so that sintered coated with uniform LibLamZrnO12Nickel-cobalt lithium manganate cathode material comprehensive performance it is more preferable.
In order to illustrate technical solutions according to the invention, the following is a description of specific embodiments.
Embodiment 1：
1) 100g nickel-cobalt lithium manganate cathode material, the acetic acid zirconium of 0.3g and the lanthanum acetate of 0.7g are weighed, by acetic acid zirconium and vinegar Sour lanthanum is dissolved in the deionized water of 100g, then uniformly mixes nickel-cobalt lithium manganate cathode material and deionized water in water bath with thermostatic control Close, obtain containing acetic acid zirconium, lanthanum acetate, LiOH positive electrode slurries.
2) it is slowly added to ammonium hydroxide and acetic acid into the positive electrode slurries that step 1 obtains, is stirred continuously during addition, Mixing speed is 500r/min, adjusts the pH of slurries until 8-10, continues to stir 1h, acetic acid zirconium and vinegar in whipping process after the completion Hydrolysis occurs for acid, obtains the hydroxide of nanoscale zirconium and lanthanum and the slurry of nickel-cobalt lithium manganate cathode material mixing.
3) the obtained slurry of step S2 is transferred in spray drying device and is dried, spray drying device into At 210 DEG C, outlet temperature is controlled at 120 DEG C the control of mouth temperature, obtains nickel-cobalt lithium manganate cathode material and micro LiOH, hydroxide The powder that zirconium, lanthanum hydroxide mix.
4) the obtained powder of step S3 is put into the atmosphere that air or oxygen is kept in rotary kiln, in 550 DEG C of temperature Lower firing 6h, nanoscale zirconium hydroxide and lanthanum hydroxide react generation with positive electrode LiOH remained on surface during firing LibLamZrnO12, obtain coated with uniform LibLamZrnO12Nickel-cobalt lithium manganate cathode material.
Comparative example 1：
Nickel-cobalt lithium manganate cathode material in 1 step 1 of Example.
The positive electrode that embodiment 1 obtains is coated with uniform LibLamZrnO12Nickel-cobalt lithium manganate cathode material, it is right Ratio 1 is uncoated nickel-cobalt lithium manganate cathode material, and the positive electrode of embodiment 1 and comparative example 1 is made into battery and is carried out After charging (pole piece and electrolyte come into full contact at this time), positive plate is taken out, in constant-current charge to 4.3V, constant-current charge electric current is 1.2C, constant-current discharge electric current carry out discharge capacity test under conditions of being 1C.Test results are shown in figure 1, and comparative example 1 is recycling When charge and discharge number is 20 times, discharge capacity starts to be remarkably decreased, and according to the embodiment 1 of the method for the present invention preparation through zirconium and lanthanum Hydroxide cladding nickel-cobalt lithium manganate cathode material when cycle charge-discharge number reaches 50 times, discharge capacity is declined by less than 5mAh/g illustrates that the positive electrode cycle performance of the method for the present invention preparation is excellent；Furthermore the positive electrode of the method for the present invention preparation Discharge capacity be substantially better than uncoated nickel-cobalt lithium manganate cathode material.Therefore, the hydroxide of the invention through zirconium and lanthanum The nickel-cobalt lithium manganate cathode material of object cladding not only increases material structure and stablizes, and improves the cycle performance of material, and wrap Object zirconium and lanthanum itself ionic conductivity with higher are covered, the high rate performance of material is also improved.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention Made any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention within mind and principle.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of preparation method of surface coated positive electrode, which is characterized in that the method includes the following steps：
Step S1, the acetic acid zirconium and lanthanum acetate of certain mass are dissolved in deionized water, then by certain ratio that measures by nickel cobalt manganese Sour lithium anode material and deionized water uniformly mix in water bath with thermostatic control, obtain containing acetic acid zirconium, lanthanum acetate, LiOH positive material Slurry liquid；
Step S2, it is slowly added to ammonium hydroxide and acetic acid into the positive electrode slurries that S1 is obtained, is stirred continuously during addition, adjusts Until 8-10, continues to stir after the completion, hydrolysis occurs the pH of whole slurries for acetic acid zirconium and acetic acid in whipping process, obtains nanometer The slurry of the hydroxide and nickel-cobalt lithium manganate cathode material of grade zirconium and lanthanum；
Step S3, the obtained slurry of step S2 is transferred in spray drying device and is dried, obtain nickel cobalt mangaic acid The powder that lithium anode material is mixed with micro LiOH, zirconium hydroxide, lanthanum hydroxide；
Step S4, the obtained powder of step S3 is burnt into rotary kiln, keeps the atmosphere of air or oxygen, the process of firing Middle nanoscale zirconium hydroxide and lanthanum hydroxide are reacted with positive electrode LiOH remained on surface generates LibLamZrnO12, obtain surface Uniformly cladding LibLamZrnO12Positive electrode.
2. a kind of preparation method of surface coated positive electrode as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step S1, nickel Cobalt manganic acid lithium positive electrode remained on surface lithium total amount is 1.0mol%~3.5mol%, and the zirconium quality of acetic acid zirconium is nickle cobalt lithium manganate 300~2000ppm of positive electrode gross mass, the lanthanum quality of lanthanum acetate be nickel-cobalt lithium manganate cathode material gross mass 800~ The mass ratio of 4500ppm, nickel-cobalt lithium manganate cathode material and deionized water is 1:0.7~1:3, the temperature of water bath with thermostatic control is 25 DEG C ~65 DEG C.
3. a kind of preparation method of surface coated positive electrode as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step S2, stir Mixing speed is 300~800r/min, adjusts the pH of slurries until the mixing time after 8-10 is 0.5~3.0h.
4. a kind of preparation method of surface coated positive electrode as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step S3, spray At 200-250 DEG C, outlet temperature is controlled at 100-130 DEG C the control of mist drying equipment inlet temperature.
5. a kind of preparation method of surface coated positive electrode as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step S4, return Firing temperature is 400-600 DEG C in rotary kiln, and firing time is 5~12h.
6. a kind of surface coated positive electrode, which is characterized in that the surface coated positive electrode uses such as claim Any one of 1-5 the method is prepared, and the surface coated positive electrode internal layer is nickel-cobalt lithium manganate cathode material LiaNixCoyMn1-x-yO2, wherein 0.9≤a≤1.2, x >=0.6,0 y≤0.3 <, outer layer LibLamZrnO12Clad.
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CN110061211A (en) * 2019-04-17 2019-07-26 中南大学 Lanthana/lanthanum acid lithium cladding lithium-rich manganese-based anode material preparation method
CN110767899A (en) * 2019-10-24 2020-02-07 厦门厦钨新能源材料有限公司 Preparation method of composite anode material of lithium ion battery
CN112366295A (en) * 2020-09-04 2021-02-12 万向一二三股份公司 Spherical ternary composite cathode material of lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110061211A (en) * 2019-04-17 2019-07-26 中南大学 Lanthana/lanthanum acid lithium cladding lithium-rich manganese-based anode material preparation method
CN110767899A (en) * 2019-10-24 2020-02-07 厦门厦钨新能源材料有限公司 Preparation method of composite anode material of lithium ion battery
CN112366295A (en) * 2020-09-04 2021-02-12 万向一二三股份公司 Spherical ternary composite cathode material of lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof

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