CN108869131B - Supercharger and ultrahigh-pressure common rail system comprising same - Google Patents
Supercharger and ultrahigh-pressure common rail system comprising same Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 18
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- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 abstract description 50
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 abstract description 50
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 59
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
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- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M55/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by their fuel conduits or their venting means; Arrangements of conduits between fuel tank and pump F02M37/00
- F02M55/02—Conduits between injection pumps and injectors, e.g. conduits between pump and common-rail or conduits between common-rail and injectors
- F02M55/025—Common rails
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
- F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
- F02M51/061—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M59/00—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
- F02M59/20—Varying fuel delivery in quantity or timing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于高压喷射技术领域，尤其涉及一种增压器及含有该增压器的超高压共轨系统。The invention belongs to the technical field of high-pressure injection, and in particular relates to a supercharger and an ultrahigh-pressure common rail system containing the supercharger.
背景技术Background technique
柴油机燃烧过程主要受燃油喷射特性所控制，尤其是喷油压力，在很大程度上影响着缸内喷射雾化和油气混合过程，进而对柴油机的整体性能产生直接影响。喷油压力提高后，喷出油束的雾化质量得到改善，油滴颗粒的索特平均直径减小，数量增加，表面积增大，有利于改善与空气的混合和加速油滴的蒸发，从而降低soot的排放，但同时也会带来NOx排放的增加。试验表明：在低于160MPa的喷油压力下，NOx与soot之间的权衡关系无法解决，只有在更高的喷油压力下，才能有效解决NOx与soot排放二者之间的矛盾，因此，更高的喷油压力是高压共轨系统的发展方向。为实现超高压力喷射，通常有两种方法：一种是通过超高压油泵直接产生超高压燃油，而后经过共轨管和高压油管输送给喷油器，实现超高压喷射，但该方法对高压油泵的泵油能力以及系统中各部件的结构强度提出了很高的要求。另一种是参考HEUI中压共轨系统的液力放大的思路，在喷油器中集成液压放大机构，采用“高基压低增压比”的方案实现超高压喷射。但该方法需要重新设计喷油器，且喷油器结构变得复杂，对喷油器的加工和工艺提出了很高的要求。The combustion process of a diesel engine is mainly controlled by the fuel injection characteristics, especially the fuel injection pressure, which greatly affects the in-cylinder injection atomization and fuel-air mixing process, and then has a direct impact on the overall performance of the diesel engine. After the injection pressure is increased, the atomization quality of the sprayed oil beam is improved, the Sauter average diameter of the oil droplet particles is reduced, the number is increased, and the surface area is increased, which is conducive to improving the mixing with air and accelerating the evaporation of oil droplets, thereby Reduce soot emissions, but also increase NOx emissions. The test shows that: under the fuel injection pressure lower than 160MPa, the trade-off relationship between NOx and soot cannot be resolved, and only at a higher fuel injection pressure can the contradiction between NOx and soot emissions be effectively resolved. Therefore, Higher fuel injection pressure is the development direction of high pressure common rail system. In order to realize ultra-high-pressure injection, there are usually two methods: one is to directly generate ultra-high-pressure fuel through an ultra-high-pressure oil pump, and then deliver it to the injector through a common rail pipe and a high-pressure oil pipe to achieve ultra-high-pressure injection, but this method is not suitable for high-pressure fuel injection. The oil pumping capacity of the oil pump and the structural strength of each component in the system put forward high requirements. The other is to refer to the idea of hydraulic amplification of the HEUI medium pressure common rail system, integrate the hydraulic amplification mechanism in the injector, and adopt the scheme of "high base pressure and low boost ratio" to realize ultra-high pressure injection. However, this method needs to redesign the fuel injector, and the structure of the fuel injector becomes complicated, which puts forward high requirements on the processing and technology of the fuel injector.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于，克服常规高压共轨系统在结构和技术上存在的不足，提供一种能够实现超高压的增压器，并通过将其加装在共轨腔和喷油器之间构成超高压共轨系统，利用该系统实现超高压力喷射，解决传统增压器压力波动剧烈、控制油耗量大以及工作效率低等问题。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the structural and technical deficiencies of the conventional high-pressure common rail system, provide a supercharger capable of achieving ultra-high pressure, and form a supercharger by installing it between the common rail cavity and the injector Ultra-high pressure common rail system, using this system to achieve ultra-high pressure injection, solves the problems of traditional superchargers such as severe pressure fluctuations, large control oil consumption and low work efficiency.
为实现上述目的，本发明创造采用如下技术方案。In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.
本发明的一种增压器，包括活塞座、增压活塞、安装座、操作杆、伸缩机构；活塞座和安装座紧贴，活塞座上沿紧贴的面向内部挖设有第一安装腔，第一安装腔的底部挖设有第二安装腔；增压活塞为变阶梯型柱塞结构，包括大端和小端；大端伸入第一安装腔且与第一安装腔的内壁紧贴，小端伸入第二安装腔且与第二安装腔的内壁紧贴；大端的端面与第一安装腔的内壁围成基压室，大端和小端之间的阶梯面与第一安装腔的内壁围成控制室，小端的端面与第二安装腔的内壁围成增压室；安装座内部设有基压通道，基压通道的一端穿出安装座，另一端与基压室连通；安装座内部设有控制通道，控制通道的一端穿出安装座，操作杆从穿出口伸入控制通道内并与控制通道内壁贴合；控制通道的另一端扩大形成进油室，进油室的尺寸大于操作杆末端尺寸以使操作杆的末端可伸入进油室，进油室朝向操作杆端部的内壁挖设有穿出安装座的泄流通道；操作杆上设有与基压通道连通的导流槽/孔；安装座以及活塞座内部设有连接进油室与控制室的控压通道；增压活塞内部设置有单向阀，单向阀的进口与基压室连通，其出口与增压室连通；伸缩机构用于控制操作杆移动，包括控制操作杆伸入进油室，使操作杆的末端堵住泄流通道，同时使基压通道、导流槽/孔与进油室连通；还包括控制操作杆脱离泄流通道，使泄流通道与控压通道连通，同时使导流槽/孔与进油室断开、进油室与基压通道断开；还包括用于在不增压时保证增压活塞的平衡，增压结束后保证增压活塞快速复位的复位弹簧。A supercharger of the present invention includes a piston seat, a booster piston, a mounting seat, an operating rod, and a telescoping mechanism; the piston seat and the mounting seat are in close contact, and a first mounting cavity is dug inside the piston seat along the close-fitting face , the bottom of the first installation chamber is dug with a second installation chamber; the booster piston is a stepped plunger structure, including a large end and a small end; the large end extends into the first installation chamber and is tightly connected to the inner wall of the first installation chamber The small end extends into the second installation cavity and is in close contact with the inner wall of the second installation cavity; the end surface of the large end and the inner wall of the first installation cavity form a base pressure chamber, and the stepped surface between the large end and the small end is in contact with the first installation cavity. The inner wall of the installation cavity forms a control room, and the end surface of the small end and the inner wall of the second installation cavity form a pressurization chamber; there is a base pressure channel inside the installation seat, one end of the base pressure channel passes through the installation seat, and the other end connects with the base pressure chamber Connected; there is a control channel inside the mounting seat, one end of the control channel passes through the mounting seat, the operating rod extends into the control channel from the outlet and fits with the inner wall of the control channel; the other end of the control channel expands to form an oil inlet chamber, and the oil inlet The size of the chamber is larger than the size of the end of the operating rod so that the end of the operating rod can extend into the oil inlet chamber, and the inner wall of the oil inlet chamber facing the end of the operating rod is dug with a discharge channel passing through the mounting seat; The diversion groove/hole connected to the pressure channel; the installation seat and the piston seat are equipped with a pressure control channel connecting the oil inlet chamber and the control room; the booster piston is equipped with a one-way valve, and the inlet of the one-way valve is connected to the base pressure chamber , its outlet communicates with the pressurization chamber; the telescopic mechanism is used to control the movement of the operating rod, including controlling the operation rod to extend into the oil inlet chamber, so that the end of the operating rod blocks the discharge channel, and at the same time makes the base pressure channel, diversion groove/hole It is connected with the oil inlet chamber; it also includes controlling the operation rod to be separated from the discharge channel, so that the discharge channel is connected with the pressure control channel, and at the same time, the diversion groove/hole is disconnected from the oil inlet chamber, and the oil inlet chamber is disconnected from the base pressure channel; It also includes a return spring for ensuring the balance of the booster piston when the booster is not being boosted, and ensuring the quick return of the booster piston after the booster is over.
进一步地，伸缩机构是指二位三通电磁阀，其中安装座作为电磁阀的阀体，操作杆作为电磁阀的阀芯，二位三通电磁阀内设有控制阀芯伸缩移动的弹簧、衔铁以及线圈。Further, the telescopic mechanism refers to a two-position three-way solenoid valve, wherein the mounting seat is used as the valve body of the solenoid valve, the operating rod is used as the valve core of the solenoid valve, and the two-position three-way solenoid valve is provided with a spring for controlling the telescopic movement of the valve core. armature and coil.
对上述方案的进一步改进包括，操作杆伸入控制通道的一端为锥面，泄流通道位于进油室内壁的开口为与锥面配合的锥孔状结构。A further improvement to the above solution includes that the end of the operating rod protruding into the control passage is a tapered surface, and the opening of the discharge passage located on the inner wall of the oil inlet chamber is a tapered hole-shaped structure matched with the tapered surface.
对上述方案的进一步改进包括，增压活塞为变阶梯圆柱状柱塞结构，复位弹簧设置在增压室内，并抵住增压活塞的小端。A further improvement to the above solution includes that the booster piston has a stepped cylindrical plunger structure, and the return spring is arranged in the booster chamber and bears against the small end of the booster piston.
本发明还提供一种含有该增压器的超高压共轨系统，包括油泵、共轨腔、喷油器以及设置在共轨腔以及喷油器之间的增压器，其中，增压器的基压通道与共轨腔连通，共轨腔内有油泵泵入的燃油；The present invention also provides an ultra-high pressure common rail system containing the supercharger, including an oil pump, a common rail chamber, a fuel injector, and a supercharger arranged between the common rail chamber and the fuel injector, wherein the supercharger The base pressure channel of the common rail is connected with the common rail cavity, and there is fuel pumped by the oil pump in the common rail cavity;
在低压工况时，伸缩机构控制操作杆堵住泄流通道，共轨腔内燃油通过单向阀和导流槽/孔分别向增压室和控制室供油，增压活塞两端的压力相等，使增压活塞达到平衡态，此时向喷油器提供低压燃油；在高压工况时，伸缩机构控制操作杆与泄流通道脱离，泄流通道与进油腔连通，控制室内燃油依次经过控制通道、进油腔最终从泄流通道后泻出，同时导流槽/孔与进油腔断开；控制室油压下降，增压活塞向增压室方向运动，增压室压力升高，喷油器喷出超高压燃油；高压工况结束后，伸缩机构控制操作杆堵住泄流通道，进油腔通过导流槽/孔与基压通道连通，共轨腔内的燃油依次经过导流槽/孔、进油室、控压通道最终进入控制室，增压活塞两端油压逐渐平衡，在复位弹簧的作用下，增压活塞向基压室方向移动，最终回到低压工况状态。Under low pressure conditions, the telescopic mechanism controls the operating rod to block the discharge channel, and the fuel in the common rail chamber supplies fuel to the booster chamber and the control chamber respectively through the check valve and diversion groove/hole, and the pressure at both ends of the booster piston is equal , so that the booster piston reaches a balanced state, and at this time, low-pressure fuel is supplied to the injector; under high-pressure conditions, the telescopic mechanism controls the operating rod to separate from the discharge channel, and the discharge channel is connected to the oil inlet chamber, and the fuel in the control chamber passes through in turn. The control passage and the oil inlet chamber finally leak out from the drain passage, and at the same time, the diversion groove/hole is disconnected from the oil inlet chamber; the oil pressure in the control chamber drops, the booster piston moves toward the booster chamber, and the pressure in the booster chamber rises , the fuel injector sprays ultra-high pressure fuel; after the high pressure condition is over, the telescopic mechanism controls the operating rod to block the discharge channel, the oil inlet chamber communicates with the base pressure channel through the diversion groove/hole, and the fuel in the common rail cavity passes through The diversion groove/hole, oil inlet chamber, and pressure control channel finally enter the control chamber, and the oil pressure at both ends of the booster piston gradually balances. Under the action of the return spring, the booster piston moves toward the base pressure chamber, and finally returns to the low pressure working status.
对上述超高压共轨系统的进一步改进还包括，还设有包括用于控制喷油器的电磁阀。通过采用双电磁阀控制增压器以及喷油嘴的状态，实现超高压力喷射，通过调整增压器电磁阀和喷油器电磁阀的相对开启时间，实现可变喷油速率(如矩形、斜坡形以及靴形)喷射。当增压器电磁阀先动作，喷油器电磁阀后动作，系统一开始就喷射高压油，喷油规律呈矩形；当增压器电磁阀与喷油器电磁阀同时动作，开始时系统喷射基压油，同时增压器增压，增压活塞排量大于喷油量，喷射压力逐渐增加，此时喷油规律呈斜坡形；当喷油器电磁阀先动作，增压器电磁阀后动作，开始时系统喷射基压油，当增压器动作后，喷射压力逐渐升高，此时喷油规律呈靴形。A further improvement to the above-mentioned ultra-high pressure common rail system also includes a solenoid valve for controlling the fuel injector. By using dual solenoid valves to control the state of the supercharger and the fuel injector, ultra-high pressure injection is realized, and by adjusting the relative opening time of the supercharger solenoid valve and the fuel injector solenoid valve, variable fuel injection rates (such as rectangular, ramp and shoe) jets. When the solenoid valve of the booster acts first, and then the solenoid valve of the injector, the system starts to inject high-pressure oil, and the fuel injection pattern is rectangular; when the solenoid valve of the supercharger and the injector act at the same time, the system injects At the same time, the supercharger is pressurized, the displacement of the supercharger piston is greater than the fuel injection volume, and the injection pressure gradually increases. At this time, the fuel injection pattern is slope-shaped; when the solenoid valve of the fuel injector acts first, the solenoid valve of the supercharger Action, the system injects base pressure oil at the beginning, when the supercharger operates, the injection pressure gradually increases, and the oil injection pattern is shoe-shaped at this time.
本发明的有益效果在于：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
传统高压共轨系统存在一定缺陷：系统部件一直处于高压状态，导致出现机械应力高和燃油泄漏问题；喷油速率近似矩形，无法灵活实现喷油速率形态的改变；难以实现超高压力喷射等。利用本发明的增压器不仅可以实现超高压喷油，通过结合共轨系统还能实现可变喷油速率高压喷射。一方面超高压喷射可以改进雾化质量，使滞燃期缩短，但也可能导致燃油喷射量过多的问题，通过本发明提供的超高压共轨系统可以对喷油速率进行调节来控制预混燃烧的油量，形成更为合理的混合气时间、空间分布等，使得喷油速率曲线可控，通过使曲线与柴油机转速和负荷的变化相符合，实现控制燃烧温度和压力升高率，达到全工况优化目的。The traditional high-pressure common rail system has certain defects: system components are always under high pressure, resulting in high mechanical stress and fuel leakage problems; the fuel injection rate is approximately rectangular, and it is impossible to flexibly change the shape of the fuel injection rate; it is difficult to achieve ultra-high pressure injection, etc. Utilizing the supercharger of the present invention can not only realize ultrahigh-pressure fuel injection, but also realize variable fuel injection rate high-pressure injection by combining a common rail system. On the one hand, ultra-high pressure injection can improve the atomization quality and shorten the ignition delay period, but it may also cause the problem of excessive fuel injection. The ultra-high pressure common rail system provided by the invention can adjust the fuel injection rate to control the premixing Combustion of fuel, forming a more reasonable mixture time, space distribution, etc., so that the fuel injection rate curve is controllable, by making the curve consistent with the change of diesel engine speed and load, the combustion temperature and pressure rise rate can be controlled to achieve The purpose of optimizing the whole working condition.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是增压器的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the structural representation of supercharger;
图2是含有增压器的超高压共轨系统结构示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an ultra-high pressure common rail system including a supercharger.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下结合具体实施例对本发明创造作详细说明。The invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.
本发明的一种增压器，用于实现超高压喷射，主要用于内燃机等设备中实现超高压喷油，以实现提高内燃机雾化质量、提高燃烧效率、降低成本等各种目的，但现有的超高压喷射系统结构复杂，有的设备设计制造成本高、体积庞大，有的需要对现有的结构进行大幅度更改，通用性不足，且控制以及维护过程复杂，影响了超高压喷射技术的应用。为解决上述问题，本发明提供了一种结构原理简单、控制方便的用于实现高压喷射的增压器，并基于该增压器设计了一种超高压共轨系统，为内燃机提供低成本、高效率的超高压喷射供油技术。A supercharger of the present invention is used to realize ultra-high pressure injection, and is mainly used in equipment such as internal combustion engines to achieve ultra-high pressure fuel injection, so as to achieve various purposes such as improving the atomization quality of internal combustion engines, improving combustion efficiency, and reducing costs. Some ultra-high pressure injection systems have complex structures, some equipment design and manufacture are costly and bulky, and some require substantial changes to existing structures, lack of versatility, and complicated control and maintenance processes, which affect ultra-high pressure injection technology Applications. In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a supercharger with simple structure and principle and convenient control for realizing high-pressure injection, and based on the supercharger, an ultra-high pressure common rail system is designed to provide low-cost, high-pressure injection for internal combustion engines. High-efficiency ultra-high pressure injection fuel supply technology.
其中增压器的基本结构如图1所示，其主要结构包括活塞座(1)、增压活塞(2)、安装座(3)、操作杆(4)、伸缩机构。The basic structure of the supercharger is shown in Figure 1, and its main structure includes a piston seat (1), a booster piston (2), a mounting seat (3), an operating rod (4), and a telescopic mechanism.
活塞座主要用于安装增压活塞以及通过各压力室压力变化控制增压活塞移动，使增压室产生高压燃油，安装座主要用于安装操作杆，同时构建完整的压力控制回路，在实际应用过程中，安装座和活塞座可以是分别独立后连接一体制作，本实施例中作为一种优选方案，安装座与活塞座分别独立设置；伸缩机构用于对其回路控制核心的操作杆进行主动控制，以改变设备工作状态，本实施例中将安装座的基本结构与伸缩机构进行结合，构成一种二位三通电磁阀以降低生产制造成本，同时提高控制效率，其中安装座(3)作为电磁阀的阀体，操作杆(4)作为电磁阀的阀芯，其他结构还包括控制阀芯伸缩移动的弹簧(7a)、衔铁(7b)以及线圈(7c)。The piston seat is mainly used to install the booster piston and control the movement of the booster piston through the pressure change of each pressure chamber, so that the booster chamber generates high-pressure fuel. The mounting seat is mainly used to install the operating rod and build a complete pressure control circuit. In practical applications During the process, the mounting seat and the piston seat can be made independently and then connected together. In this embodiment, as a preferred solution, the mounting seat and the piston seat are separately set; Control to change the working state of the equipment. In this embodiment, the basic structure of the mounting seat is combined with the telescopic mechanism to form a two-position three-way solenoid valve to reduce manufacturing costs and improve control efficiency. The mounting seat (3) As the valve body of the electromagnetic valve, the operating rod (4) is used as the valve core of the electromagnetic valve, and other structures include springs (7a), armatures (7b) and coils (7c) for controlling the telescopic movement of the valve core.
活塞座(1)和安装座(3)紧贴，活塞座(1)上沿紧贴的面向内部挖设有第一安装腔(11)，第一安装腔(11)的底部挖设有第二安装腔(12)；易知的，第一安装腔以及第二安装腔的截面形状应当与增压活塞相应位置的截面形状相同，以保证增压活塞在两个安装腔内顺畅移动，同时防止各压力室内的燃油通过内壁连通。活塞座和安装座紧贴的面应当牢固连接，以防止燃油从第一安装腔泄漏，必要时还需要设置密封圈以及其他密封/固定/连接结构，这些结构属于现有技术且应用技术成熟，在此不予赘述。The piston seat (1) and the mounting seat (3) are close to each other, and the piston seat (1) is dug with a first mounting cavity (11) along the close-fitting face, and the bottom of the first mounting cavity (11) is dug with a first mounting cavity (11). Two installation chambers (12); it is easy to know that the cross-sectional shape of the first installation chamber and the second installation chamber should be the same as the cross-section shape of the corresponding position of the booster piston, so as to ensure that the booster piston moves smoothly in the two installation chambers, and at the same time Prevent the fuel oil in each pressure chamber from communicating through the inner wall. The close contact surfaces of the piston seat and the mounting seat should be firmly connected to prevent fuel from leaking from the first mounting chamber. If necessary, a sealing ring and other sealing/fixing/connecting structures should be provided. These structures belong to the existing technology and the application technology is mature. I won't go into details here.
增压活塞(2)为变阶梯型柱塞结构，包括大端(21)和小端(22)，本实施例中增压活塞为变阶梯圆柱状柱塞结构，圆柱状的活塞结构便于设计制造以及装配使用；还包括在不增压时保证增压活塞(2)的平衡，增压结束后保证增压活塞(2)快速复位的复位弹簧(6)，本实施例中，复位弹簧设置在增压室(12a)内，其一端固定连接在增压室内壁，另一端抵住增压活塞(2)的小端(22)。The booster piston (2) is a stepped plunger structure, including a large end (21) and a small end (22). In this embodiment, the booster piston is a stepped cylindrical plunger structure, and the cylindrical piston structure is convenient for design Manufacture and assembly use; also include to ensure the balance of the booster piston (2) when not boosting, and the return spring (6) that ensures the quick reset of the booster piston (2) after the booster ends. In this embodiment, the return spring is set In the boost chamber (12a), one end thereof is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the boost chamber, and the other end is against the small end (22) of the boost piston (2).
增压活塞的大端(21)伸入第一安装腔(11)且与第一安装腔(11)的内壁紧贴，小端(22)伸入第二安装腔(12)且与第二安装腔(12)的内壁紧贴；大端(21)的端面与第一安装腔(11)的内壁围成基压室(11a)，大端(21)和小端(22)之间的阶梯面与第一安装腔(11)的内壁围成控制室(11b)，小端(22)的端面与第二安装腔(12)的内壁围成增压室(12a)。The big end (21) of the booster piston extends into the first installation chamber (11) and is in close contact with the inner wall of the first installation chamber (11), and the small end (22) extends into the second installation chamber (12) and is in contact with the second installation chamber (11). The inner wall of the installation chamber (12) is in close contact; the end face of the big end (21) and the inner wall of the first installation chamber (11) enclose the base pressure chamber (11a), and the space between the big end (21) and the small end (22) The step surface and the inner wall of the first installation chamber (11) enclose a control chamber (11b), and the end surface of the small end (22) and the inner wall of the second installation chamber (12) enclose a pressurization chamber (12a).
安装座(3)内部设有基压通道(31)，基压通道(31)的一端穿出安装座(3)，另一端与基压室(11a)连通；安装座(3)内部设有控制通道(32)，控制通道(32)的一端穿出安装座(3)，操作杆(4)从穿出口伸入控制通道(32)内并与控制通道(32)内壁贴合；控制通道(32)的另一端扩大形成进油室(32a)，进油室(32a)的尺寸大于操作杆(4)末端尺寸以使操作杆(4)的末端可伸入进油室(32a)，进油室(32a)朝向操作杆(4)端部的内壁挖设有穿出安装座(3)的泄流通道(33)。There is a base pressure channel (31) inside the mounting base (3), one end of the base pressure channel (31) passes through the mounting base (3), and the other end communicates with the base pressure chamber (11a); The control channel (32), one end of the control channel (32) passes through the mounting seat (3), and the operating rod (4) extends into the control channel (32) from the outlet and fits the inner wall of the control channel (32); the control channel The other end of (32) enlarges and forms oil inlet chamber (32a), and the size of oil inlet chamber (32a) is greater than operating rod (4) end dimension so that the end of operating rod (4) can stretch into oil inlet chamber (32a), The inner wall of the oil inlet chamber (32a) towards the end of the operating rod (4) is dug with a discharge channel (33) passing through the mounting seat (3).
操作杆(4)上设有与基压通道(31)连通的导流槽/孔(41)；安装座(3)以及活塞座(1)内部设有连接进油室(32a)与控制室(11b)的控压通道(34)；增压活塞(2)内部设置有单向阀(5)，单向阀(5)的进口与基压室(11a)连通，其出口与增压室(12a)连通，以使基压通道内的燃油通过基压室与增压室连通。The operating rod (4) is provided with a diversion groove/hole (41) communicating with the base pressure channel (31); the installation seat (3) and the piston seat (1) are provided with a connecting oil inlet chamber (32a) and the control chamber The pressure control channel (34) of (11b); the booster piston (2) is internally provided with a check valve (5), the inlet of the check valve (5) is communicated with the base pressure chamber (11a), and its outlet is connected with the booster chamber (12a) is communicated so that the fuel in the base pressure passage communicates with the pressurization chamber through the base pressure chamber.
本发明的增压器在使用过程中，通过电磁阀控制操作杆(4)移动，包括控制操作杆(4)伸入进油室(32a)，使操作杆(4)的末端堵住泄流通道(33)，同时使基压通道(31)、导流槽/孔(41)与进油室(32a)连通；还包括控制操作杆(4)脱离泄流通道(33)，使泄流通道(33)与控压通道(34)连通，同时使导流槽/孔(41)与进油室(32a)断开、进油室(32a)与基压通道(31)断开；操作杆(4)伸入控制通道(32)的一端为锥面，泄流通道(33)位于进油室(32a)内壁的开口为与锥面配合的锥孔状结构。During use of the supercharger of the present invention, the solenoid valve controls the movement of the operating rod (4), including controlling the operating rod (4) to extend into the oil inlet chamber (32a), so that the end of the operating rod (4) blocks the leakage flow channel (33), and at the same time make the base pressure channel (31), guide groove/hole (41) communicate with the oil inlet chamber (32a); it also includes controlling the operating rod (4) to separate from the discharge channel (33), so that the discharge flow The channel (33) is connected with the pressure control channel (34), and at the same time, the diversion groove/hole (41) is disconnected from the oil inlet chamber (32a), and the oil inlet chamber (32a) is disconnected from the base pressure channel (31); operate One end of the rod (4) extending into the control passage (32) is a tapered surface, and the opening of the discharge passage (33) located on the inner wall of the oil inlet chamber (32a) is a tapered hole-shaped structure matched with the tapered surface.
一种含有上述增压器的超高压共轨系统，包括油泵(9a)、共轨腔(9b)、喷油器(9c)、设置在共轨腔(9b)与喷油器(9c)之间的增压器以及用于控制喷油器的电磁阀(9d)，其中，增压器的基压通道(31)与共轨腔(9b)连通，共轨腔(9b)内有油泵(9a)泵入的燃油；其中油泵向共轨腔泵入基压油，以使油液具有一定压力满足正常传输以及使用需求，但受油泵功率以及效率、成本等问题，油压一般不足以提供超高压喷射需求超高压共轨系统An ultra-high pressure common rail system containing the supercharger, comprising an oil pump (9a), a common rail chamber (9b), a fuel injector (9c), and a The supercharger between them and the solenoid valve (9d) used to control the injector, wherein, the base pressure channel (31) of the supercharger communicates with the common rail chamber (9b), and there is an oil pump (9a) in the common rail chamber (9b) ) pumped fuel; the oil pump pumps base pressure oil into the common rail chamber to make the oil have a certain pressure to meet the normal transmission and use requirements, but due to the power, efficiency, and cost of the oil pump, the oil pressure is generally not enough to provide super High-pressure injection needs ultra-high pressure common rail system
在低压工况时，伸缩机构控制操作杆(4)堵住泄流通道(33)，共轨腔(9b)内燃油通过单向阀(5)和导流槽/孔(41)分别向增压室(12a)和控制室(11b)同时供油，增压活塞(2)两端的油压相等，使增压活塞(2)达到平衡状态，增压活塞不动，此时共轨腔通过基压通道(31)-单向阀(5)-增压室(12a)向喷油器(9c)提供低压燃油；本实施例中，还设置有用于连接单向阀出口以及增压室的连接通道(35)；In the low-pressure working condition, the telescopic mechanism controls the operating rod (4) to block the discharge channel (33), and the fuel in the common rail cavity (9b) flows to the increasing The pressure chamber (12a) and the control chamber (11b) supply oil at the same time, the oil pressure at both ends of the booster piston (2) is equal, so that the booster piston (2) reaches a balanced state, the booster piston does not move, and the common rail cavity passes through The base pressure channel (31)-check valve (5)-boost chamber (12a) provides low-pressure fuel to the injector (9c); connection channel (35);
在高压工况时，伸缩机构控制操作杆(4)与泄流通道(33)脱离，泄流通道(33)与进油腔(32a)连通，控制室(11b)内燃油依次经过控制通道(32)、进油腔(32a)最终从泄流通道(33)后泻出，同时导流槽/孔(41)与进油腔(32a)断开；控制室(11b)油压下降，增压活塞(2)向增压室(12a)方向运动，增压室(12a)压力升高，喷油器(9c)喷出超高压燃油；Under high-pressure conditions, the telescopic mechanism controls the operating rod (4) to separate from the discharge channel (33), the discharge channel (33) communicates with the oil inlet chamber (32a), and the fuel in the control chamber (11b) passes through the control channel ( 32), the oil inlet chamber (32a) finally leaks out from the discharge channel (33), and at the same time the diversion groove/hole (41) is disconnected from the oil inlet chamber (32a); the oil pressure in the control chamber (11b) drops, increasing The pressure piston (2) moves toward the boost chamber (12a), the pressure of the boost chamber (12a) rises, and the fuel injector (9c) sprays ultra-high pressure fuel;
高压工况结束后，伸缩机构控制操作杆(4)堵住泄流通道(33)，进油腔(32a)通过导流槽/孔(41)与基压通道(31)连通，共轨腔(9b)内的燃油依次经过导流槽/孔(41)、进油室(32a)、控压通道(34)最终进入控制室(11b)，增压活塞(2)两端油压逐渐平衡，在复位弹簧的作用下，增压活塞(2)向基压室(11a)方向移动，最终回到低压工况状态。After the high-pressure working condition ends, the telescopic mechanism controls the operating rod (4) to block the discharge passage (33), and the oil inlet chamber (32a) communicates with the base pressure passage (31) through the diversion groove/hole (41), and the common rail chamber The fuel in (9b) passes through the diversion groove/hole (41), the oil inlet chamber (32a), the pressure control channel (34) and finally enters the control chamber (11b), and the oil pressure at both ends of the booster piston (2) is gradually balanced , under the action of the return spring, the booster piston (2) moves toward the base pressure chamber (11a), and finally returns to the low-pressure working state.
本发明中的增压器设置在靠近喷油嘴的末端甚至可以与喷油嘴直接连接设置，系统前半段是保持常规油泵供油，仅在需要时在增压器后端产生高压燃油，不需要时转换为常规油压，因此本发明的增压器可以直接应用在现有的共轨系统，对其进行改进升级，整个设备的升级以及维护成本极低，不会对现有结构带来额外负载压力，同时其操作控制敏捷高效、基于实施例中的电磁阀控制能够有效实现自动控制实现各种不同喷射应用需求，能够非常容易的与自动生产等系统相结合，能够有效降低其应用成本，对本发明的应用推广具有良好效果。The supercharger in the present invention is arranged near the end of the fuel injection nozzle and can even be directly connected with the fuel injection nozzle. The first half of the system maintains the conventional oil pump to supply oil, and only generates high-pressure fuel at the rear end of the supercharger when needed, without When needed, it can be converted to conventional oil pressure, so the supercharger of the present invention can be directly applied to the existing common rail system to improve and upgrade it. The upgrade and maintenance costs of the entire equipment are extremely low, and will not bring Additional load pressure, at the same time its operation control is agile and efficient, based on the solenoid valve control in the embodiment, it can effectively realize automatic control to meet various injection application requirements, and can be easily combined with automatic production systems, which can effectively reduce its application cost , has good effect on the application and popularization of the present invention.
在本发明的增压器以及超高压共轨系统在使用过程中，还包括各种常规连接管路以及管路控制结构，包括用于密封以及连接的密封圈、螺栓、连接件等，这些属于现有技术中成熟的结构，在此不予赘述。During the use of the supercharger and the ultra-high pressure common rail system of the present invention, it also includes various conventional connection pipelines and pipeline control structures, including sealing rings, bolts, connectors, etc. for sealing and connection, which belong to The mature structures in the prior art will not be repeated here.
其中用于供燃油通过的通道(34)、(35)等可以是设置在结构内部的通道，也可以是连接相应腔室的管道，本实施例中，从加强结构紧凑度以及提高安装维护效率出发，相应通道是直接在结构内部挖出。The passages (34), (35) etc. used for fuel oil passage can be the passages arranged inside the structure, or the pipes connecting the corresponding chambers. In this embodiment, from strengthening the compactness of the structure and improving the efficiency of installation and maintenance Starting, the corresponding channel is dug directly inside the structure.
最后应当说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明创造的技术方案，而非对本发明创造保护范围的限制，尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明创造作了详细地说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以对本发明创造的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本发明创造技术方案的实质和范围。Finally, it should be noted that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art Personnel should understand that the technical solution of the present invention can be modified or equivalently replaced without departing from the essence and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
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| CN111794889A (en) * | 2020-05-15 | 2020-10-20 | 中国人民解放军海军工程大学 | Platform test bench and test method for variable fuel injection regular ultra-high pressure common rail system |
| CN111608836B (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2021-04-20 | 重庆红江机械有限责任公司 | Electric control booster pump |
| CN112282997B (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2025-02-11 | 中船动力研究院有限公司 | Fuel injector and common rail fuel injection system |
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| CN1064527A (en) * | 1991-02-25 | 1992-09-16 | 让·弗莱德里克·迈尔希瓦 | Fuel injection device for internal combustion engine |
| JPH0560030A (en) * | 1991-08-27 | 1993-03-09 | Komatsu Ltd | Fuel injection device |
| JPH10288113A (en) * | 1997-04-14 | 1998-10-27 | Nippon Soken Inc | Fuel injection valve |
| CN1719021A (en) * | 2004-07-06 | 2006-01-11 | 株式会社电装 | Common-rail injector |
| DE102006039265A1 (en) * | 2006-08-22 | 2008-02-28 | Volkswagen Ag | Fuel injection device for internal combustion engine, particularly motor vehicle, has effective surface which converts pressure in control area of injector into force in closing direction of injecting piston |
| CN202926500U (en) * | 2012-10-22 | 2013-05-08 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Electronic control common rail fuel injecting system provided with two-stage supercharged piston |
| CN203655762U (en) * | 2013-12-31 | 2014-06-18 | 浙江大学 | Split type pilot load control valve |
| CN104564460A (en) * | 2014-12-29 | 2015-04-29 | 沪东重机有限公司 | Supercharged common rail fuel injection system of marine low-speed diesel engine |
| DE212016000002U1 (en) * | 2015-08-14 | 2016-09-01 | Jiangsu University Of Science And Technology | Injector for a diesel engine for ships |
| CN107514329A (en) * | 2017-10-10 | 2017-12-26 | 中国第汽车股份有限公司 | Double oil input channel fuel injectors |
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