Free fall experimental apparatus
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of education equipment, in particular to a free falling body experiment device.
Background
The free fall motion is always a popular experiment studied by physical researchers, and the traditional free fall experimental device has the following defects in simple structure:
firstly, the observation structure of the traditional free fall experiment only observes the descending speed of the iron sheet and the feather through human eyes, and the accuracy of the observation structure needs to be studied.
Secondly, traditional free fall experiment operation process interference experiment factor is more, makes the newton pipe guarantee that 90 degrees are perpendicular comparatively uncertain through the experimenter for example, and traditional newton pipe is inside not to have the division board, and iron sheet and feather are mutual interference easily at the in-process that descends, cause the inaccuracy of experiment.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to solve the problems and provide a free fall experiment device, which solves the problem of low accuracy of the existing free fall experiment.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a technical solution: a free falling body experiment device comprises an experiment device body, wherein the experiment device body comprises a motor installation base, an upper installation seat, an arc positioning ring, a supporting rod, a Newton tube, a vacuum pump, a motor, a speed reducer and an electric motor, four supporting legs are fixedly installed at the lower end of the motor installation base, the four supporting legs are divided into two groups and are respectively fixedly installed at two side edge positions of the lower end surface of the motor installation base, two handles are fixedly installed at two sides of the motor installation base and are symmetrically distributed around the longitudinal central axis of the motor installation base, the upper end of the motor installation base is fixedly installed with the upper installation seat, the upper end surface of the upper installation seat is designed in an arc shape, the arc positioning ring is fixedly installed at two port positions at the upper part of the upper installation seat, the inner diameter of the arc positioning ring is, the utility model discloses a hinge, including upper portion mount pad, bracing piece, turning block, fixed block, sleeve, fixed block one side, fixed block one end, fixed.
Preferably, threaded holes are formed in the middle of each of the two adjusting blocks, a bolt is arranged at the upper end of each adjusting block, the two adjusting blocks are in threaded connection with the bolt through the threaded holes, a Newton tube is sleeved in the middle of each internal fixing ring, a partition plate is fixedly installed in the middle of each Newton tube, two feeding ports are arranged at one end of each Newton tube, the calibers of the two feeding ports are the same, internal thread grooves are formed in the outer surfaces of the two feeding ports, thread covers are arranged on one sides of the two feeding ports and are respectively in threaded connection with the corresponding feeding ports through the internal thread grooves, a sliding rod is fixedly connected to the middle of the end face where the two feeding ports are located, two driven rods are fixedly connected to the other end of each Newton tube, the two driven rods are axially and symmetrically distributed about the circle center positions of the end face, the novel Newton's pipe is characterized in that the arc-shaped positioning ring is provided with an inner groove, the width of the sliding part is equal to that of the inner groove of the arc-shaped positioning ring, the sliding rod and the two driven rods are connected with the arc-shaped positioning ring in a sliding mode through the sliding part and the inner groove, the inner portion of the Newton's pipe is close to one side of the two driven rods, the breathable baffle is fixedly installed on the side of the Newton's pipe, the upper.
Preferably, the surfaces of the two breathable baffles are provided with contact sensor probes, both sides of the Newton tube are fixedly provided with contact sensors, an electronic timer is fixedly arranged on an arc surface where the two contact sensors are positioned, the upper end surface of the motor mounting base is fixedly provided with a vacuum pump, one side of the lower end of the vacuum pump is provided with an exhaust port, the input end of the upper part of the vacuum pump is connected with an air inlet pipe, the air inlet pipe penetrates through the outer wall of the arc-shaped positioning ring, one side of the motor mounting base is provided with a plurality of heat dissipation ports which are distributed at equal intervals on the side surface of the motor mounting base where the heat dissipation ports are positioned, a base is fixedly arranged on a bottom plate in the motor mounting base, the upper end of the base is fixedly provided with a motor, the belt type clutch is characterized in that a stop block is fixedly mounted at one end of the driving shaft, a belt is arranged between the driving shaft and the rotating shaft, and the driving shaft is in transmission connection with the rotating shaft through the belt.
Preferably, fixed mounting has an electric motor on the inside lateral wall of motor installation base, the electric motor output rotates and is connected with the active rod, fixed mounting has the protection casing on the panel at electric motor place, the protection casing is close to motor installation base one side fixed mounting and has rotatory piece.
Preferably, one end of the driving rod is rotatably connected with the rotating block, and the middle of the driving rod is sleeved with the mounting ring.
Preferably, the fan blades are fixedly mounted on the outer side of the mounting ring.
Preferably, two spring blocks are fixedly mounted on the inner wall of one end of the Newton tube, and a vacuum tube is arranged at one port of the Newton tube.
Preferably, the two sides of the vacuum tube are fixedly provided with connecting blocks, and the two connecting blocks are connected with the corresponding spring blocks through springs.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention relates to a free fall experimental device, which has the characteristic of over-high experimental accuracy and has the following advantages in the specific experimental process:
firstly, the contact sensor probe is arranged at the bottom of the Newton tube, and the contact sensor probe is contacted with the iron sheet and the feather to transmit signals to the electronic timer, so that the experimental accuracy is high.
And meanwhile, the vertical upward direction of the Newton's tube is realized by the rotation of the driving motor, so that the uncertain factors of the experiment are further reduced, and the error is reduced.
Description of the drawings:
for ease of illustration, the invention is described in detail by the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the internal retaining ring of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic view of structure A of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the slider structure of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the motor mounting base of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the interior structure of the Newton tube of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. an experimental device body; 2. a motor mounting base; 3. a support leg; 4. a handle; 5. an upper mounting base; 6. an arc-shaped positioning ring; 7. a support bar; 8. rotating the block; 9. a rotating shaft; 10. a fixed block; 11. a sleeve; 12. a hinge; 13. an internal retaining ring; 14. an adjusting block; 15. a bolt; 16. a Newton's tube; 17. a partition plate; 18. a feeding port; 19. a spring; 20. a threaded cap; 21. a slide bar; 22. a driven lever; 23. a breathable baffle; 24. a metal sheet; 25. feathers; 26. a contact sensor probe; 27. a contact sensor; 28. an electronic timer; 29. a vacuum pump; 30. an exhaust port; 31. an air inlet pipe; 32. a slider; 33. a heat dissipation port; 34. a base; 35. a motor; 36. a drive shaft; 37. a speed reducer; 38. a drive shaft; 39. a stopper; 40. a belt; 41. an electric motor; 42. a driving lever; 43. rotating the block; 44. a mounting ring; 45. a fan blade; 46. a protective cover; 47. a spring block; 48. a vacuum tube; 49. and (4) connecting the blocks.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1 to 6, the following technical solutions are adopted in the present embodiment: a free falling body experiment device comprises an experiment device body 1, wherein the experiment device body 1 comprises a motor installation base 2, an upper installation base 5, an arc positioning ring 6, a supporting rod 7, a Newton tube 16, a vacuum pump 29, a motor 35, a speed reducer 37 and an electric motor 41, four supporting legs 3 are fixedly installed at the lower end of the motor installation base 2, the four supporting legs 3 are divided into two groups and are respectively fixedly installed at two side positions of the lower end surface of the motor installation base 2, two handles 4 are fixedly installed at two sides of the motor installation base 2, the two handles 4 are symmetrically distributed around the longitudinal central axis of the motor installation base 2, the upper installation base 5 is fixedly installed at the upper end of the motor installation base 2, the upper end surface of the upper installation base 5 is in an arc design, the arc positioning ring 6 is fixedly installed at two port positions at the upper part of the upper, the internal diameter of arc holding ring 6 equals the internal diameter of 5 up end of upper portion mount pad, 5 upper end central point of upper portion mount pad put fixed mounting have bracing piece 7, 7 upper end one side fixedly connected with turning block 8 of bracing piece, 8 one sides of turning block are equipped with fixed block 10, rotate through pivot 9 between 8 one side middle parts of turning block and 10 one side middle parts of fixed block and be connected, 10 both ends fixed mounting of fixed block has sleeve 11, 10 one side middle part fixed mounting of fixed block has hinge 12, two rotate the equal fixed ring 13 of the equal fixedly connected with in end of two of hinge 12, two the equal fixedly connected with regulating block 14 of 13 one end of the fixed ring of inside.
Wherein threaded holes are formed in the middle of each of the two adjusting blocks 14, a bolt 15 is arranged at the upper end of each adjusting block 14, the two adjusting blocks 14 are in threaded connection with the bolt 15 through the threaded holes, a Newton tube 16 is sleeved in the middle of each internal fixing ring 13, a partition plate 17 is fixedly arranged in the middle of each Newton tube 16, two feed ports 18 are arranged at one end of each Newton tube 16, the calibers of the two feed ports 18 are the same, inner thread grooves are formed in the outer surfaces of the two feed ports 18, a thread cover 20 is arranged on one side of each feed port 18, the thread covers 20 are respectively in threaded connection with the corresponding feed ports 18 through the inner thread grooves, a sliding rod 21 is fixedly connected to the middle of the end face where the two feed ports 18 are located, two driven rods 22 are fixedly connected to the other end of each Newton tube 16, and the two, a sliding part 32 is fixedly mounted at one end of each of the sliding rod 21 and the two driven rods 22, an inner groove is formed in the arc-shaped positioning ring 6, the width of the sliding part 32 is equal to the width of the inner groove of the arc-shaped positioning ring 6, the sliding rod 21 and the two driven rods 22 are slidably connected with the arc-shaped positioning ring 6 through the sliding part 32 and the inner groove, a breathable baffle 23 is fixedly mounted inside the Newton tube 16 close to one side of the two driven rods 22, a metal sheet 24 is arranged at the upper end of the partition plate 17, feathers 25 are arranged at the bottom of the Newton tube 16 at one side of the partition plate 17, contact sensor probes 26 are arranged on the surfaces of the two breathable baffle 23, contact sensors 27 are fixedly mounted at two sides of the Newton tube 16, an electronic timer 28 is fixedly mounted on the cambered surface where the two contact sensors 27 are located, a vacuum pump 29, the input end of the upper part of the vacuum pump 29 is connected with an air inlet pipe 31, the air inlet pipe 31 penetrates through the outer wall of the arc positioning ring 6, one side of the motor installation base 2 is provided with a plurality of heat dissipation ports 33, the plurality of heat dissipation ports 33 are distributed on the side face of the motor installation base 2 at equal intervals, a base 34 is fixedly installed on the bottom plate inside the motor installation base 2, a motor 35 and a speed reducer 37 are fixedly installed at the upper end of the base 34, the output end of the motor 35 is rotatably connected with the input end of the speed reducer 37 through a driving shaft 36, the output end of the speed reducer 37 is rotatably connected with a driving shaft 38, one end of the driving shaft 38 is fixedly provided with a stop block 39, a belt 40 is arranged between the driving shaft 38 and the rotating shaft 9, the driving shaft 38 is in transmission connection with the rotating shaft 9, fixed mounting has protection casing 46 on the panel at electric motor 41 place, protection casing 46 is close to 2 one side fixed mounting of motor installation base and has rotatory piece 43, drive rod 42 one end is rotated with rotatory piece 43 and is connected, drive rod 42 middle part cover is equipped with collar 44, collar 44 outside fixed mounting has flabellum 45, fixed mounting has two spring blocks 47 on 16 one end inner walls of newton's pipe, 16 a port positions of newton's pipe are equipped with vacuum tube 48, vacuum tube 48 both sides fixed mounting has connecting block 49, two be connected through spring 19 between connecting block 49 and the spring block 47 that corresponds.
The using state of the invention is as follows: firstly, inserting a Newton tube 16 into an internal fixed ring 13, adjusting the relative position of two adjusting blocks 14 through a bolt 15, and further realizing the adjustment of the internal diameter of the internal fixed ring 13, thereby fixing the middle part of the Newton tube 16 in the internal fixed ring 13, respectively placing a metal sheet 24 and feathers 25 into the Newton tube 16, separating the metal sheet and the feathers through a partition plate 17 to avoid mutual interference, then starting a motor 35 to drive an input end of a speed reducer 37 to rotate, an output end of the speed reducer 37 drives a driving shaft 38 to rotate and further drives a rotating shaft 9 to rotate through a belt 40, so that a fixed block 10, namely the Newton tube 16 rotates, a sliding rod 21 and a driven rod 22 slide in an inner groove of an arc-shaped positioning ring 6 through a sliding piece 23, when the Newton tube 16 slides to be vertically downward, closing the motor 35, at the time, the metal sheet 24 can be observed to contact with a contact sensor probe 26 before the feather, the model of the electronic timer 28 is ZN48, then the vacuum pipe 48 and the air inlet pipe 31 are connected, the vacuum pump 29 is started to evacuate the gas in the Newton tube 16, the internal vacuum is realized, then the valve is closed, and the operations are repeated, so that the metal sheet 24 and the feather 25 are simultaneously contacted with the contact sensor probe 26, and the conclusion is made that the falling speeds of the objects with different masses in the vacuum environment are consistent.
While there have been shown and described what are at present considered to be the fundamental principles of the invention and its essential features and advantages, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited by the embodiments described above, which are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.