CN108832817A - A kind of power conversion controller and method reducing fuel cell low-frequency current ripple - Google Patents
A kind of power conversion controller and method reducing fuel cell low-frequency current ripple Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC
- H02M3/24—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC
- H02M3/325—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33569—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04858—Electric variables
- H01M8/04925—Power, energy, capacity or load
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/14—Arrangements for reducing ripples from DC input or output
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
- H02M7/5387—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
- H02M7/53871—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
- H02M1/0054—Transistor switching losses
- H02M1/0058—Transistor switching losses by employing soft switching techniques, i.e. commutation of transistors when applied voltage is zero or when current flow is zero
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种减少燃料电池低频电流纹波的功率变换控制器及方法，包括燃料电池、DC/DC升压变换电路、DC/AC逆变电路、负载、EPLD脉冲发生器、电压控制器、检测电路和电流纹波控制器；DC/AC逆变电路输出电压采样值、输出电流值、相位值、频率值、DC/DC升压变换电路的输出电压值、燃料电池输出电压组成电压外环控制；燃料电池输出电流与DC/DC升压变换电路的输出电压值组成电流纹波内环控制；本发明在功率变换控制器的DC/DC升压变换电路中加入有源钳位推挽式电路和全桥整流电路，通过电流纹波内环控制与电压外环控制调整DC/DC升压变换电路中的功率管占空比，进而有效的抑制输入低频电流纹波，减少电流纹波对燃料电池性能的影响，提高燃料电池寿命，应用前景较好。
The invention discloses a power conversion controller and method for reducing low-frequency current ripple of a fuel cell, including a fuel cell, a DC/DC step-up conversion circuit, a DC/AC inverter circuit, a load, an EPLD pulse generator, and a voltage controller , detection circuit and current ripple controller; DC/AC inverter circuit output voltage sampling value, output current value, phase value, frequency value, output voltage value of DC/DC boost conversion circuit, fuel cell output voltage composition voltage Loop control; the output current of the fuel cell and the output voltage value of the DC/DC boost conversion circuit form a current ripple inner loop control; the present invention adds an active clamp push-pull to the DC/DC boost conversion circuit of the power conversion controller Formula circuit and full-bridge rectifier circuit, adjust the duty ratio of the power tube in the DC/DC boost conversion circuit through current ripple inner loop control and voltage outer loop control, thereby effectively suppressing input low-frequency current ripple and reducing current ripple The effect on the performance of the fuel cell can improve the service life of the fuel cell, and the application prospect is good.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种减少燃料电池低频电流纹波的功率变换控制器及方法，具体涉及一种将燃料电池产生的直流电通过功率变换控制器，转换成供负载使用的交流电或并网发电，属于新能源燃料电池发电技术、电力电子技术和控制技术领域。The invention relates to a power conversion controller and method for reducing the low-frequency current ripple of a fuel cell, in particular to a method for converting direct current generated by a fuel cell into alternating current for loads or grid-connected power generation through a power conversion controller, which belongs to the new Energy fuel cell power generation technology, power electronics technology and control technology.
背景技术Background technique
能源危机和环境污染两大问题是当今世界面临的两大难题，我国在近几十年投入了大量的人力、物力和财力在新能源发电技术上，许多高校、研究院和大型公司着力于研究、开发解决新能源发电的各项技术难题。太阳能、风能、核能、潮汐能、地热能和生物质能发电、燃料电池发电等新能源发电得到飞跃的发展。其中燃料电池发电作为新型发电技术，主要以消耗氢能或者燃料中的化学能为基础，将化学能转为电能的装置，不仅可以克服太阳能伴随的间歇性、风能的随机性和核能发电的不安全性等缺点，可以作为移动发电装置广泛应用于移动汽车或者发电站中，还可以作为其他新能源发电的补偿，在用电高峰时减少其他新能源发电的负担。The two major problems of energy crisis and environmental pollution are two major problems facing the world today. In recent decades, my country has invested a lot of manpower, material resources and financial resources in new energy power generation technology. Many universities, research institutes and large companies have focused on research , Develop and solve various technical problems of new energy power generation. Solar energy, wind energy, nuclear energy, tidal energy, geothermal energy, biomass energy power generation, fuel cell power generation and other new energy power generation have developed by leaps and bounds. Among them, fuel cell power generation, as a new power generation technology, is mainly based on the consumption of hydrogen energy or the chemical energy in fuel, and converts chemical energy into electrical energy. Safety and other shortcomings, can be widely used in mobile vehicles or power stations as a mobile power generation device, and can also be used as compensation for other new energy power generation, reducing the burden of other new energy power generation during peak power consumption.
燃料电池发出的为低电压和大电流直流电，需要功率变换控制器将燃料电池与负载或电网连接起来。通过功率变换控制器将低电压、大电流的直流电转换为满足负载使用的直流电或交流电，或者满足并网要求的交流电。功率变换控制器是实现燃料电池与负载之间、市电电网之间能量的传递与转换的关键环节。燃料电池寿命和性能受工作温度、湿度、燃料流量、空气或氧化剂、负载波动大小、低频电流纹波等因素影响，目前的燃料电池工作寿命问题是一个重要的研究课题，其中低频电流纹波会在燃料电池发电中主要会引起燃料利用率降低、输出特性变差和缩短燃料电池寿命三个问题。The fuel cell generates low-voltage and high-current direct current, requiring a power conversion controller to connect the fuel cell to the load or grid. Through the power conversion controller, the low-voltage, high-current DC power is converted into DC or AC power that meets the load requirements, or AC power that meets the grid-connected requirements. The power conversion controller is the key link to realize the energy transfer and conversion between the fuel cell and the load, and between the mains and the grid. The life and performance of fuel cells are affected by factors such as operating temperature, humidity, fuel flow, air or oxidant, load fluctuations, and low-frequency current ripple. The current working life of fuel cells is an important research topic, and low-frequency current ripple will In fuel cell power generation, there are mainly three problems: lower fuel utilization rate, worse output characteristics and shortened fuel cell life.
因此，功率变换控制器的设计与开发，需要考虑的技术问题有：第一，当燃料电池作为发电来源时，不同于普通电池工作原理，燃料电池是一种将燃料中的化学能直接转化为直流电的电化学能量装置，是一种输出电压低，电流较大的直流电源，不太符合直接给负载供电的要求，因此需要将燃料电池进行升压至合理范围，以满足负载使用。第二，在满足负载使用后，由于燃料电池的工作状态、工作压力、温度、反应物流量、反应物湿度、电流纹波等工作条件都会影响燃料电池本身性能和寿命，电池外特性较软，因此除了让燃料电池正常工作在合适的温度、湿度、压力、流量等条件下，还应当尽可能提高燃料电池的使用效率和使用寿命，研究表明，输入低频电流纹波对燃料电池的输出电压、燃料利用率和使用寿命有很大的影响。为提高燃料电池发电系统的寿命，应当减少输入低频电流纹波对燃料电池本身的伤害。Therefore, the technical issues to be considered in the design and development of the power conversion controller are as follows: First, when the fuel cell is used as the source of power generation, it is different from the working principle of ordinary batteries. The DC electrochemical energy device is a DC power supply with low output voltage and high current, which does not meet the requirements of directly supplying power to the load. Therefore, it is necessary to boost the fuel cell to a reasonable range to meet the load. Second, after the load is satisfied, the fuel cell’s external characteristics are relatively soft due to the fuel cell’s working conditions, working pressure, temperature, reactant flow rate, reactant humidity, current ripple and other working conditions that will affect the performance and life of the fuel cell itself. Therefore, in addition to allowing the fuel cell to work normally under suitable conditions such as temperature, humidity, pressure, and flow, the service efficiency and service life of the fuel cell should be improved as much as possible. Fuel utilization and service life have a great influence. In order to improve the life of the fuel cell power generation system, the damage to the fuel cell itself should be reduced by the input low-frequency current ripple.
因此，设计一种满足上述技术要求的体积小、成本低，功耗低、效率高、安全可靠性高、使用寿命长且能一种减少燃料电池低频电流纹波的功率变换控制器，并采用先进的控制技术方法是发展趋势。Therefore, a power conversion controller that meets the above technical requirements with small size, low cost, low power consumption, high efficiency, high safety and reliability, long service life and can reduce the low-frequency current ripple of the fuel cell is designed, and adopts Advanced control technology methods are the development trend.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的之一在于提供一种减少燃料电池低频电流纹波的功率变换控制器，它适用于燃料电池发电系统，针对现有燃料电池功率变换控制器输出低频电流纹波较高，减少低频电流纹波对燃料电池本身寿命和性能等影响，同时具备成本低，功耗低、效率高、安全可靠性高、使用寿命长等特点。One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a power conversion controller that reduces the low-frequency current ripple of fuel cells, which is suitable for fuel cell power generation systems, because the existing fuel cell power conversion controllers output high low-frequency current ripples and reduce low-frequency The current ripple has an impact on the life and performance of the fuel cell itself, and it has the characteristics of low cost, low power consumption, high efficiency, high safety and reliability, and long service life.
本发明通过以下的技术方案予以实现：The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
一种减少燃料电池电流纹波的功率变换控制器，包括燃料电池、DC/DC升压变换电路、DC/AC逆变电路、负载、EPLD脉冲发生器、电压控制器、检测电路和电流纹波控制器；A power conversion controller for reducing fuel cell current ripple, including fuel cell, DC/DC boost conversion circuit, DC/AC inverter circuit, load, EPLD pulse generator, voltage controller, detection circuit and current ripple controller;
所述燃料电池、DC/DC升压变换电路、DC/AC逆变电路和负载依次串联，所述EPLD脉冲发生器的输出端与DC/DC升压变换电路的输入端连接，所述EPLD脉冲发生器的输入端与电流纹波控制器的输出端连接，所述电压控制器的输入端与检测电路的输出端连接，所述电压控制器的输出端与电流纹波控制器的输入端连接，所述检测电路的输入端分别与燃料电池的输出端、DC/DC升压变换电路的输出端、DC/AC逆变电路的输出端连接，所述检测电路的输出端分别与电压控制器的输入端、电流纹波控制器的输入端连接。The fuel cell, the DC/DC step-up conversion circuit, the DC/AC inverter circuit and the load are sequentially connected in series, the output end of the EPLD pulse generator is connected to the input end of the DC/DC step-up conversion circuit, and the EPLD pulse The input end of the generator is connected to the output end of the current ripple controller, the input end of the voltage controller is connected to the output end of the detection circuit, and the output end of the voltage controller is connected to the input end of the current ripple controller , the input end of the detection circuit is respectively connected with the output end of the fuel cell, the output end of the DC/DC step-up conversion circuit, and the output end of the DC/AC inverter circuit, and the output end of the detection circuit is respectively connected with the voltage controller The input terminal of the current ripple controller is connected.
所述DC/DC升压变换电路包括输入侧滤波电容C1、输入侧滤波电感L1、高频变压器T1、第一功率管S1、第二功率管S2、第三功率管S3、第四功率管S4、第二电容C2、第三电容C3、第一二极管D1、第二二极管D2、第三二极管D3、第四二极管D4、第二电感L2、第三电感L3、第四电解电容C4、第五电解电容C5；The DC/DC step-up conversion circuit includes an input side filter capacitor C1, an input side filter inductor L1, a high frequency transformer T1, a first power tube S1, a second power tube S2, a third power tube S3, and a fourth power tube S4 , the second capacitor C2, the third capacitor C3, the first diode D1, the second diode D2, the third diode D3, the fourth diode D4, the second inductance L2, the third inductance L3, the first Four electrolytic capacitors C4 and fifth electrolytic capacitors C5;
所述输入侧滤波电容C1的正极端分别连接燃料电池的正极、输入侧滤波电感L1的一端，所述输入侧滤波电容C1的负极端接地，所述输入侧滤波电感L1的另一端连接高频变压器T1的原边绕组中心抽头，所述第一功率管S1的集电极和第三功率管S3的发射极分别连接高频变压器T1原边绕组N1的同名端，所述第三功率管S3的集电极连接第二电容C2的一端，所述第二电容C2的另一端连接第一功率管S1的发射极并接地，所述第二功率管S2的集电极和第四功率管S4的发射极分别连接高频变压器T1原边绕组N1的非同名端，所述第四功率管S4的集电极连接第三电容C3的一端，所述第三电容C3的另一端连接第二功率管S2的发射极并接地；The positive end of the input side filter capacitor C1 is respectively connected to the positive electrode of the fuel cell and one end of the input side filter inductor L1, the negative end of the input side filter capacitor C1 is grounded, and the other end of the input side filter inductor L1 is connected to the high frequency The center tap of the primary winding of the transformer T1, the collector of the first power tube S1 and the emitter of the third power tube S3 are respectively connected to the same-named end of the primary winding N1 of the high-frequency transformer T1, and the terminal of the third power tube S3 The collector is connected to one end of the second capacitor C2, the other end of the second capacitor C2 is connected to the emitter of the first power transistor S1 and grounded, the collector of the second power transistor S2 is connected to the emitter of the fourth power transistor S4 The non-identical ends of the primary winding N1 of the high-frequency transformer T1 are respectively connected, the collector of the fourth power transistor S4 is connected to one end of the third capacitor C3, and the other end of the third capacitor C3 is connected to the transmitter of the second power transistor S2. pole and ground;
所述第一二极管D1的阳极和第二二极管D2的阴极分别连接高频变压器T1的副边绕组N2同名端，所述第三二极管D3的阳极和第四二极管D4的阴极分别连接高频变压器T1的副边绕组N2非同名端，所述第三二极管D3的阴极和第一二极管D1的阴极分别连接第二电感L2的一端，所述第二二极管D2的阳极和第四二极管D4的阳极分别连接第三电感L3的一端，所述第四电解电容C4的正极端连接第二电感L2的另一端，所述第五电解电容C5的负极端连接第三电感L3的另一端，所述第四电解电容C4的负极端与第五电解电容C5的正极端连接后再与高频变压器T1的副边绕组中心抽头连接组成N零线端，所述第四电解电容C4的正极端输出正的直流电压，所述第五电解电容C5的负极端输出负的直流电压。The anode of the first diode D1 and the cathode of the second diode D2 are respectively connected to the same terminal of the secondary winding N2 of the high frequency transformer T1, and the anode of the third diode D3 and the cathode of the fourth diode D4 The cathodes of the high-frequency transformer T1 are respectively connected to the non-identical terminals of the secondary winding N2 of the high-frequency transformer, the cathodes of the third diode D3 and the cathodes of the first diode D1 are respectively connected to one end of the second inductor L2, and the second two The anode of the pole tube D2 and the anode of the fourth diode D4 are respectively connected to one end of the third inductor L3, the positive end of the fourth electrolytic capacitor C4 is connected to the other end of the second inductor L2, and the fifth electrolytic capacitor C5 The negative end is connected to the other end of the third inductor L3, the negative end of the fourth electrolytic capacitor C4 is connected to the positive end of the fifth electrolytic capacitor C5 and then connected to the center tap of the secondary winding of the high frequency transformer T1 to form the N neutral terminal , the positive terminal of the fourth electrolytic capacitor C4 outputs a positive DC voltage, and the negative terminal of the fifth electrolytic capacitor C5 outputs a negative DC voltage.
所述DC/AC逆变电路包括第五功率管S5、第六功率管S6、第四电感L4第六电容C6；The DC/AC inverter circuit includes a fifth power tube S5, a sixth power tube S6, a fourth inductor L4 and a sixth capacitor C6;
所述第五功率管S5的集电极连接DC/DC升压变换电路的第四电解电容C4的正极端，所述第六功率管S6的发射极连接DC/DC升压变换电路的第五电解电容C5的负极端，所述第五功率管S5的发射极和第六功率管S6的集电极分别连接第四电感L4的一端，所述第六电容C6的一端连接第四电感L4的另一端，所述第六电容的另一端连接DC/DC升压变换电路的N零线端。The collector of the fifth power transistor S5 is connected to the positive terminal of the fourth electrolytic capacitor C4 of the DC/DC boost conversion circuit, and the emitter of the sixth power transistor S6 is connected to the fifth electrolytic capacitor C4 of the DC/DC boost conversion circuit. The negative terminal of the capacitor C5, the emitter of the fifth power transistor S5 and the collector of the sixth power transistor S6 are respectively connected to one end of the fourth inductor L4, and one end of the sixth capacitor C6 is connected to the other end of the fourth inductor L4 , the other end of the sixth capacitor is connected to the N neutral terminal of the DC/DC step-up conversion circuit.
所述第一功率管S1、第二功率管S2、第三功率管S3、第四功率管S4均采用MOSFET功率开关管，且第三功率管S3和第四功率管S4为零电压ZVS开通/关断。The first power tube S1, the second power tube S2, the third power tube S3, and the fourth power tube S4 all use MOSFET power switch tubes, and the third power tube S3 and the fourth power tube S4 are turned on/off at zero voltage ZVS off.
所述第五功率管S5、第六功率管S6均采用MOSFET功率开关管，所述功率变换控制器通过对有源钳位推挽式升压变换器和半桥式逆变电路采用脉冲宽度调制(PWM)控制和正弦脉宽调制(SPWM)，将燃料电池具有输出低电压、大电流特性的直流电升压到正负直流电压±VBUS，并通过半桥逆变电路逆变成交流电流供负载使用。Both the fifth power tube S5 and the sixth power tube S6 use MOSFET power switch tubes, and the power conversion controller uses pulse width modulation for the active clamp push-pull boost converter and the half-bridge inverter circuit (PWM) control and sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM), boost the direct current of the fuel cell with output low voltage and high current characteristics to positive and negative DC voltage ±V BUS , and invert it into AC current supply through the half-bridge inverter circuit load usage.
所述检测电路内设有一个减法器Ⅰ，所述电流纹波控制器中设有一个加法器、一个比例(P)控制器、一个减法器Ⅱ和一个减法器Ⅲ；The detection circuit is provided with a subtractor I, and the current ripple controller is provided with an adder, a proportional (P) controller, a subtractor II and a subtractor III;
所述减法器Ⅰ的两个负输入端分别连接DC/DC变换器的正输出电压值和负输出电压值，所述减法器Ⅰ的正输入端连接DC/DC变换器的基准正负电压值，所述减法器Ⅰ的输出端连接电压控制器的输入端，所述减法器Ⅱ的正输入端和负输入端分别连接燃料电池的输出电流有效值和输出电流瞬间值，所述减法器Ⅱ的输出端连接比例(P)控制器的输入端，所述减法器Ⅲ的正输入端和负输入端分别连接燃料电池的输出电压和反馈信号，所述加法器的三个正输入端分别连接比例(P)控制器的输出端、电压控制器的输出端和减法器Ⅲ经公式处理后的输出信号，所述加法器的输出端连接EPLD脉冲发生器。The two negative input terminals of the subtractor I are respectively connected to the positive output voltage value and the negative output voltage value of the DC/DC converter, and the positive input terminals of the subtractor I are connected to the reference positive and negative voltage values of the DC/DC converter , the output terminal of the subtractor I is connected to the input terminal of the voltage controller, the positive input terminal and the negative input terminal of the subtractor II are respectively connected to the effective value of the output current and the instantaneous value of the output current of the fuel cell, and the subtractor II The output terminal of the adder is connected to the input terminal of the proportional (P) controller, the positive input terminal and the negative input terminal of the subtractor III are respectively connected to the output voltage and the feedback signal of the fuel cell, and the three positive input terminals of the adder are respectively connected to The output signal of the output terminal of the proportional (P) controller, the output terminal of the voltage controller and the subtractor III after formula processing, and the output terminal of the adder is connected with the EPLD pulse generator.
本发明的目的之二在于提供一种利用上述控制器进行控制的方法，具体步骤如下：The second object of the present invention is to provide a method for controlling by using the above-mentioned controller, the specific steps are as follows:
步骤(1)：所述检测电路(7)检测燃料电池(1)的输出电流瞬间值iFC，先通过RMS有效值计算得到燃料电池(1)的输出电流的有效值IFC，然后通过减法器求出燃料电池(1)输出电流的有效值IFC与燃料电池的输出电流瞬间值iFC之间的差值，得到的差值经比例(P)控制器进行调节，得到第一组控制参数Dp＝kp(IFC-iFC)，kp为比例调节值，组成电流纹波内环控制的第一部分控制量；Step (1): The detection circuit (7) detects the instantaneous value i FC of the output current of the fuel cell (1), and first obtains the effective value I FC of the output current of the fuel cell (1) by calculating the RMS effective value, and then through subtraction The controller calculates the difference between the effective value I FC of the output current of the fuel cell (1) and the instantaneous value of the output current i FC of the fuel cell, and the obtained difference is adjusted by a proportional (P) controller to obtain the first group of control Parameter D p =k p (I FC -i FC ), k p is the proportional adjustment value, which constitutes the first part of the control amount of the current ripple inner loop control;
步骤(2)：检测电路(7)检测DC/DC升压变换电路(2)的输出正负直流电压±VBUS，再通过减法器Ⅰ，与DC/DC升压变换电路(2)的输出正负直流电压参考值±VBUS.ref作差值运算，得到的差值经电压控制器(6)输出后得到电流纹波控制器(8)的输入控制值Dc，并组成电流纹波内环控制的第二部分控制量；Step (2): The detection circuit (7) detects the positive and negative DC voltage ±V BUS of the output of the DC/DC step-up conversion circuit (2), and then passes through the subtractor I, and the output of the DC/DC step-up conversion circuit (2) The positive and negative DC voltage reference values ±V BUS.ref are used for difference calculation, and the obtained difference is output by the voltage controller (6) to obtain the input control value D c of the current ripple controller (8) and form the current ripple The control quantity of the second part of the inner loop control;
步骤(3)：经检测电路(7)得到DC/AC逆变电路(3)的输出电压值Vo、电流值Io、相位角角频率ω、DC/DC升压变换电路(2)的输出电压值VBUS、燃料电池输出电压VFC，通过下列公式计算得到电流纹波控制器(8)的第三组控制参数Dr；Step (3): Obtain the output voltage value V o , current value I o , and phase angle of the DC/AC inverter circuit (3) through the detection circuit (7) The angular frequency ω, the output voltage value V BUS of the DC/DC boost conversion circuit (2), and the fuel cell output voltage V FC are calculated by the following formula to obtain the third group of control parameters D r of the current ripple controller (8);
其中：n＝N2/N1，N1，N2分别为高频变压器(T1)两侧的匝数，Dc是控制输出占空比，vBUS(t)为DC/DC升压变换电路(2)的输出电压瞬时值，CBUS为第四电解电容(C4)的电容大小，t为时间；Among them: n=N 2 /N 1 , N 1 , N 2 are the number of turns on both sides of the high-frequency transformer (T1), D c is the control output duty cycle, v BUS (t) is the DC/DC boost conversion The instantaneous value of the output voltage of the circuit (2), C BUS is the capacitance of the fourth electrolytic capacitor (C4), and t is time;
步骤(4)：将步骤(1)、步骤(2)和步骤(3)得到的三组控制参数Dp、Dc、Dr经过加法器相加得到EPLD脉冲发生器(5)的输入信号Dout；Step (4): The three groups of control parameters D p , D c , and D r obtained in step (1), step (2) and step (3) are added through an adder to obtain the input signal of the EPLD pulse generator (5) D out ;
步骤(5)：EPLD脉冲发生器(5)输出PWM控制信号到DC/DC升压变换电路(2)的第一功率管(S1)、第二功率管(S2)、第三功率管(S3)和第四功率管(S4)，从而控制DC/DC升压变换电路(2)的直流升压过程，达到减少输入燃料电池低频电流纹波的目的。Step (5): The EPLD pulse generator (5) outputs the PWM control signal to the first power tube (S1), the second power tube (S2), and the third power tube (S3) of the DC/DC step-up conversion circuit (2). ) and the fourth power tube (S4), so as to control the DC boost process of the DC/DC boost conversion circuit (2), and achieve the purpose of reducing the low-frequency current ripple input to the fuel cell.
本发明与现有技术相比的有益效果如下：The beneficial effects of the present invention compared with prior art are as follows:
(1)本发明减少燃料电池低频电流纹波的功率变换控制器能够抑制低频电流纹波对燃料电池本身造成危害，提高燃料电池燃料利用率、提高燃料电池性能和延长燃料电池寿命。(1) The power conversion controller for reducing the low-frequency current ripple of the fuel cell in the present invention can suppress the harm caused by the low-frequency current ripple to the fuel cell itself, improve the fuel utilization rate of the fuel cell, improve the performance of the fuel cell and prolong the service life of the fuel cell.
(2)本发明减少燃料电池低频电流纹波的功率变换控制器直流升压电路采用有源钳位推挽式升压电路和桥式整流电路的拓扑结构，占空比D即可工作在大于0.5又可以工作在小于0.5的范围，可输入电压变化范围宽，且实现了输入输出电气隔离。(2) The DC boost circuit of the power conversion controller for reducing the low-frequency current ripple of the fuel cell in the present invention adopts the topological structure of an active clamp push-pull boost circuit and a bridge rectifier circuit, and the duty cycle D can work at a value greater than 0.5 can work in the range of less than 0.5, the input voltage can vary widely, and the input and output electrical isolation is realized.
(3)本发明减少燃料电池低频电流纹波的功率变换控制器直流升压电路中输出的是正负直流电，后级采用半桥式逆变电路，只需要简单控制就能将正负直流电逆变成交流电。(3) The output of the DC booster circuit of the power conversion controller for reducing the low-frequency current ripple of the fuel cell is positive and negative DC, and the rear stage adopts a half-bridge inverter circuit, which can reverse the positive and negative DC with only simple control. into alternating current.
(4)本发明的减少燃料电池低频电流纹波的功率变换控制器直流升压电路中第三功率管和第四功率管均实现零电压(ZVS)开通和零电压(ZVS)关断，桥式整流电路中的第一二极管、第二二极管、第三二极管和第四二极管为零电流(ZCS)关断，降低系统损耗。(4) The third power tube and the fourth power tube in the power conversion controller DC step-up circuit for reducing fuel cell low-frequency current ripple of the present invention all realize zero voltage (ZVS) opening and zero voltage (ZVS) turning off, the bridge The first diode, the second diode, the third diode and the fourth diode in the formula rectification circuit are turned off for zero current (ZCS), reducing system loss.
(5)本发明的控制方法为闭环控制，在不增加额外功率器件的情况下，能有效的减少低频电流纹波对燃料电池的危害，提高燃料电池寿命和性能。(5) The control method of the present invention is closed-loop control, which can effectively reduce the harm of low-frequency current ripple to the fuel cell and improve the service life and performance of the fuel cell without adding additional power devices.
(6)本发明减少燃料电池低频电流纹波的功率变换控制器和控制方法具有安全可靠性高、成本低、效率高、使用寿命长等优点。(6) The power conversion controller and control method for reducing the low-frequency current ripple of the fuel cell in the present invention have the advantages of high safety and reliability, low cost, high efficiency, and long service life.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明减少燃料电池低频电流纹波的功率变换控制器的电路图；Fig. 1 is the circuit diagram of the power conversion controller for reducing fuel cell low-frequency current ripple in the present invention;
图2位本发明减少燃料电池低频电流纹波的功率变换控制器的闭环控制方法示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the closed-loop control method of the power conversion controller for reducing the low-frequency current ripple of the fuel cell according to the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下结合附图对本发明作进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
实施例1：如图1～2所示，本减少燃料电池低频电流纹波的功率变换控制器，包括燃料电池1、DC/DC升压变换电路2、DC/AC逆变电路3、负载4、EPLD脉冲发生器5、电压控制器6、检测电路7和电流纹波控制器8；Embodiment 1: As shown in Figures 1-2, the power conversion controller for reducing the low-frequency current ripple of a fuel cell includes a fuel cell 1, a DC/DC step-up conversion circuit 2, a DC/AC inverter circuit 3, and a load 4 , EPLD pulse generator 5, voltage controller 6, detection circuit 7 and current ripple controller 8;
所述燃料电池1、DC/DC升压变换电路2、DC/AC逆变电路3和负载4依次串联，所述EPLD脉冲发生器5的输出端与DC/DC升压变换电路2的输入端连接，所述EPLD脉冲发生器5的输入端与电流纹波控制器8的输出端连接，所述电压控制器6的输入端与检测电路7的输出端连接，所述电压控制器6的输出端与电流纹波控制器8的输入端连接，所述检测电路7的输入端分别与燃料电池1的输出端、DC/DC升压变换电路2的输出端、DC/AC逆变电路3的输出端连接，所述检测电路7的输出端分别与电压控制器6的输入端、电流纹波控制器8的输入端连接。The fuel cell 1, the DC/DC step-up conversion circuit 2, the DC/AC inverter circuit 3 and the load 4 are sequentially connected in series, and the output end of the EPLD pulse generator 5 is connected to the input end of the DC/DC step-up conversion circuit 2 Connect, the input end of described EPLD pulse generator 5 is connected with the output end of current ripple controller 8, the input end of described voltage controller 6 is connected with the output end of detection circuit 7, the output end of described voltage controller 6 end is connected with the input end of the current ripple controller 8, and the input end of the detection circuit 7 is respectively connected with the output end of the fuel cell 1, the output end of the DC/DC step-up conversion circuit 2, and the output end of the DC/AC inverter circuit 3. The output terminal is connected, and the output terminal of the detection circuit 7 is respectively connected with the input terminal of the voltage controller 6 and the input terminal of the current ripple controller 8 .
所述DC/DC升压变换电路2包括输入侧滤波电容C1、输入侧滤波电感L1、高频变压器T1、第一功率管S1、第二功率管S2、第三功率管S3、第四功率管S4、第二电容C2、第三电容C3、第一二极管D1、第二二极管D2、第三二极管D3、第四二极管D4、第二电感L2、第三电感L3、第四电解电容C4、第五电解电容C5；The DC/DC step-up conversion circuit 2 includes an input side filter capacitor C1, an input side filter inductor L1, a high frequency transformer T1, a first power tube S1, a second power tube S2, a third power tube S3, and a fourth power tube S4, second capacitor C2, third capacitor C3, first diode D1, second diode D2, third diode D3, fourth diode D4, second inductor L2, third inductor L3, The fourth electrolytic capacitor C4, the fifth electrolytic capacitor C5;
所述输入侧滤波电容C1的正极端分别连接燃料电池1的正极、输入侧滤波电感L1的一端，所述输入侧滤波电容C1的负极端接地，所述输入侧滤波电感L1的另一端连接高频变压器T1的原边绕组中心抽头，所述第一功率管S1的集电极和第三功率管S3的发射极分别连接高频变压器T1原边绕组N1的同名端，所述第三功率管S3的集电极连接第二电容C2的一端，所述第二电容C2的另一端连接第一功率管S1的发射极并接地，所述第二功率管S2的集电极和第四功率管S4的发射极分别连接高频变压器T1原边绕组N1的非同名端，所述第四功率管S4的集电极连接第三电容C3的一端，所述第三电容C3的另一端连接第二功率管S2的发射极并接地；The positive end of the input-side filter capacitor C1 is respectively connected to the positive electrode of the fuel cell 1 and one end of the input-side filter inductor L1, the negative end of the input-side filter capacitor C1 is grounded, and the other end of the input-side filter inductor L1 is connected to the high The center tap of the primary winding of the high-frequency transformer T1, the collector of the first power tube S1 and the emitter of the third power tube S3 are respectively connected to the end of the same name of the primary winding N1 of the high-frequency transformer T1, and the third power tube S3 The collector of the second capacitor C2 is connected to one end of the second capacitor C2, and the other end of the second capacitor C2 is connected to the emitter of the first power transistor S1 and grounded, and the collector of the second power transistor S2 and the emitter of the fourth power transistor S4 The poles are respectively connected to the non-identical end of the primary winding N1 of the high-frequency transformer T1, the collector of the fourth power transistor S4 is connected to one end of the third capacitor C3, and the other end of the third capacitor C3 is connected to the end of the second power transistor S2 Emitter and ground;
所述第一二极管D1的阳极和第二二极管D2的阴极分别连接高频变压器T1的副边绕组N2同名端，所述第三二极管D3的阳极和第四二极管D4的阴极分别连接高频变压器T1的副边绕组N2非同名端，所述第三二极管D3的阴极和第一二极管D1的阴极分别连接第二电感L2的一端，所述第二二极管D2的阳极和第四二极管D4的阳极分别连接第三电感L3的一端，所述第四电解电容C4的正极端连接第二电感L2的另一端，所述第五电解电容C5的负极端连接第三电感L3的另一端，所述第四电解电容C4的负极端与第五电解电容C5的正极端连接后再与高频变压器T1的副边绕组中心抽头连接组成N零线端，所述第四电解电容C4的正极端输出正的直流电压，所述第五电解电容C5的负极端输出负的直流电压。The anode of the first diode D1 and the cathode of the second diode D2 are respectively connected to the same terminal of the secondary winding N2 of the high frequency transformer T1, and the anode of the third diode D3 and the cathode of the fourth diode D4 The cathodes of the high-frequency transformer T1 are respectively connected to the non-identical terminals of the secondary winding N2 of the high-frequency transformer, the cathodes of the third diode D3 and the cathodes of the first diode D1 are respectively connected to one end of the second inductor L2, and the second two The anode of the pole tube D2 and the anode of the fourth diode D4 are respectively connected to one end of the third inductor L3, the positive end of the fourth electrolytic capacitor C4 is connected to the other end of the second inductor L2, and the fifth electrolytic capacitor C5 The negative end is connected to the other end of the third inductor L3, the negative end of the fourth electrolytic capacitor C4 is connected to the positive end of the fifth electrolytic capacitor C5 and then connected to the center tap of the secondary winding of the high frequency transformer T1 to form the N neutral terminal , the positive terminal of the fourth electrolytic capacitor C4 outputs a positive DC voltage, and the negative terminal of the fifth electrolytic capacitor C5 outputs a negative DC voltage.
所述DC/AC逆变电路3包括第五功率管S5、第六功率管S6、第四电感L4第六电容C6；The DC/AC inverter circuit 3 includes a fifth power tube S5, a sixth power tube S6, a fourth inductor L4 and a sixth capacitor C6;
所述第五功率管S5的集电极连接DC/DC升压变换电路2的第四电解电容C4的正极端，所述第六功率管S6的发射极连接DC/DC升压变换电路2的第五电解电容C5的负极端，所述第五功率管S5的发射极和第六功率管S6的集电极分别连接第四电感L4的一端，所述第六电容C6的一端连接第四电感L4的另一端，所述第六电容的另一端连接DC/DC升压变换电路2的N零线端。The collector of the fifth power transistor S5 is connected to the positive terminal of the fourth electrolytic capacitor C4 of the DC/DC boost conversion circuit 2, and the emitter of the sixth power transistor S6 is connected to the first terminal of the DC/DC boost conversion circuit 2. The negative end of the fifth electrolytic capacitor C5, the emitter of the fifth power transistor S5 and the collector of the sixth power transistor S6 are respectively connected to one end of the fourth inductor L4, and one end of the sixth capacitor C6 is connected to the fourth inductor L4 The other end, the other end of the sixth capacitor is connected to the N-neutral end of the DC/DC step-up conversion circuit 2 .
所述第一功率管S1、第二功率管S2、第三功率管S3、第四功率管S4均采用MOSFET功率开关管，且第三功率管S3和第四功率管S4为零电压ZVS开通/关断。The first power tube S1, the second power tube S2, the third power tube S3, and the fourth power tube S4 all use MOSFET power switch tubes, and the third power tube S3 and the fourth power tube S4 are turned on/off at zero voltage ZVS off.
所述第五功率管S5、第六功率管S6均采用MOSFET功率开关管。Both the fifth power tube S5 and the sixth power tube S6 are MOSFET power switch tubes.
所述检测电路7内设有一个减法器Ⅰ，所述电流纹波控制器8中设有一个加法器、一个比例(P)控制器、一个减法器Ⅱ和一个减法器Ⅲ；The detection circuit 7 is provided with a subtractor I, and the current ripple controller 8 is provided with an adder, a proportional (P) controller, a subtractor II and a subtractor III;
所述减法器Ⅰ的两个负输入端分别连接DC/DC变换器2的正输出电压值和负输出电压值，所述减法器Ⅰ的正输入端连接DC/DC变换器2的基准正负电压值，所述减法器Ⅰ的输出端连接电压控制器6的输入端，所述减法器Ⅱ的正输入端和负输入端分别连接燃料电池1的输出电流有效值和输出电流瞬间值，所述减法器Ⅱ的输出端连接比例(P)控制器的输入端，所述减法器Ⅲ的正输入端和负输入端分别连接燃料电池1的输出电压和反馈信号，所述加法器的三个正输入端分别连接比例(P)控制器的输出端、电压控制器6的输出端和减法器Ⅲ经公式处理后的输出信号，所述加法器的输出端连接EPLD脉冲发生器5。The two negative input terminals of the subtractor I are respectively connected to the positive output voltage value and the negative output voltage value of the DC/DC converter 2, and the positive input terminal of the subtractor I is connected to the reference positive and negative voltage values of the DC/DC converter 2. The output terminal of the subtractor I is connected to the input terminal of the voltage controller 6, the positive input terminal and the negative input terminal of the subtractor II are respectively connected to the effective value of the output current and the instantaneous value of the output current of the fuel cell 1, so The output terminal of the subtractor II is connected to the input terminal of the proportional (P) controller, the positive input terminal and the negative input terminal of the subtractor III are respectively connected to the output voltage and the feedback signal of the fuel cell 1, and the three adders of the adder The positive input terminal is respectively connected to the output terminal of the proportional (P) controller, the output terminal of the voltage controller 6 and the output signal processed by the formula of the subtractor III, and the output terminal of the adder is connected to the EPLD pulse generator 5 .
本实施例中第五功率管S5和第六功率管S6经正弦脉宽调制(SPWM)控制信号控制开通和关断时间占空比，能将正负直流电逆变成交流电。具体工作原理可以表示为：第五功率管S5和第六功率管S6交替导通，且第五功率管S5截止期间第六功率管S6以固定频率但占空比不同进行导通和截止，相反，当第六功率管S6截止期间第五功率管S5以固定频率但占空比不同进行导通和截止。本发明中，直流升压电路输出正电压为﹢380V，低电平为﹣380V，中值为0V。逆变后交流电通过第四电感L4和第六电容C6滤波后正好为正弦波，供后级负载4使用。In this embodiment, the fifth power transistor S5 and the sixth power transistor S6 are controlled by a sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) control signal to control the duty cycle of the turn-on and turn-off time, and can invert positive and negative direct current into alternating current. The specific working principle can be expressed as: the fifth power tube S5 and the sixth power tube S6 are turned on alternately, and the sixth power tube S6 is turned on and off at a fixed frequency but with different duty ratios during the cut-off period of the fifth power tube S5. , when the sixth power transistor S6 is off, the fifth power transistor S5 is turned on and off at a fixed frequency but with different duty ratios. In the present invention, the positive output voltage of the DC step-up circuit is +380V, the low level is -380V, and the median value is 0V. After the inverter, the alternating current is filtered by the fourth inductance L4 and the sixth capacitor C6 and then becomes a sine wave, which is used by the subsequent load 4 .
所述DC/AC逆变电路3输出瞬时电压和瞬时电流可以表示为：The instantaneous voltage and instantaneous current output by the DC/AC inverter circuit 3 can be expressed as:
v0(t)、i0(t)分别表示为DC/AC逆变电路3输出瞬时电压和瞬时电流，V0、I0分别为输出电压和电流的幅值，ω为工频角频率，t为时间，为相位，将上式(1)和(2)相乘得到DC/AC逆变电路3的输出功率为：v 0 (t), i 0 (t) represent the instantaneous voltage and instantaneous current output by the DC/AC inverter circuit 3 respectively, V 0 , I 0 are the amplitudes of the output voltage and current, respectively, ω is the angular frequency of the power frequency, t is time, is the phase, the output power of the DC/AC inverter circuit 3 is obtained by multiplying the above formulas (1) and (2):
假设功率变换控制器各器件为理想元件，因此功率变换控制器的损耗较低。忽略功率变换控制器的损耗后，根据能量守恒定律则有燃料电池输出功率等于DC/AC逆变电路3的输入功率：It is assumed that each component of the power conversion controller is an ideal component, so the loss of the power conversion controller is relatively low. After ignoring the loss of the power conversion controller, according to the law of energy conservation, the output power of the fuel cell is equal to the input power of the DC/AC inverter circuit 3:
VFCIFC(t)＝VBUSI* BUS(t)＝P0(t) (4)V FC I FC (t) = V BUS I * BUS (t) = P 0 (t) (4)
其中VFC、IFC为燃料电池输出电压和输出电流，I* BUS为DC/DC升压变换电路2直流母线上电流，由纯直流电流和两倍工频正弦电流两部分组成。Among them, V FC and I FC are the output voltage and output current of the fuel cell, and I * BUS is the current on the DC bus of the DC/DC boost conversion circuit 2, which is composed of two parts: pure direct current and sinusoidal current with twice the power frequency.
由公式4推出：Derived from formula 4:
由公式5中可以得出，功率变换控制器中直流升压侧输出电流含有2倍工频电流。尽管直流直流电压侧有电容器，但由于电容不是无限大，两倍工频的低频电流纹波LFCR就可以通过电容器充放电，这样直流电压侧电容器两端的电压可以表示为：It can be concluded from Equation 5 that the output current of the DC boost side in the power conversion controller contains twice the power frequency current. Although there is a capacitor on the DC voltage side, since the capacitance is not infinite, the low-frequency current ripple LFCR of twice the power frequency can be charged and discharged through the capacitor, so the voltage across the capacitor on the DC voltage side can be expressed as:
其中，vBUS为电容器两端的电压值，CBUS为电容器的电容大小，当燃料电池输出电压可以视为电流控制电压源时，其电流包含100Hz或120Hz的谐波，燃料电池输出电流可以表示为：Among them, v BUS is the voltage value at both ends of the capacitor, and C BUS is the capacitance of the capacitor. When the fuel cell output voltage can be regarded as a current-controlled voltage source, its current contains 100Hz or 120Hz harmonics, and the fuel cell output current can be expressed as :
IFC(t)＝VBUS(t)I* BUS(t)/VFC (7) IFC (t)＝ VBUS (t)I * BUS (t)/ VFC (7)
有源钳位推挽式DC/DC变换器的输出侧电压和PEMFC电池电压的关系可以表示为：The relationship between the output side voltage of the active clamp push-pull DC/DC converter and the PEMFC battery voltage can be expressed as:
其中，n＝N2/N1，N1，N2分别为高频变压器(T1)两侧的匝数，n为高频变压器的变比，Dc表示为控制直流侧电压的占空比，功率管占空比Dout＝Dc+Dr,Dr为电流纹波抑制占空比。由公式(8)可以推出Among them, n=N 2 /N 1 , N 1 , N 2 are the number of turns on both sides of the high-frequency transformer (T1), n is the transformation ratio of the high-frequency transformer, and D c is the duty cycle of controlling the DC side voltage , power tube duty cycle D out =D c +D r , D r is the current ripple suppression duty cycle. From formula (8), it can be deduced that
由上化简可得：From the above simplification, we can get:
通过以上的分析，如图2所示，可以形成一个闭环控制方法，用以减少燃料电池的低频电流纹波，具体步骤如下：Through the above analysis, as shown in Figure 2, a closed-loop control method can be formed to reduce the low-frequency current ripple of the fuel cell, and the specific steps are as follows:
步骤(1)：所述检测电路7检测燃料电池1的输出电流瞬间值iFC，先通过RMS有效值计算得到燃料电池1的输出电流的有效值IFC，然后通过减法器求出燃料电池1输出电流的有效值IFC与燃料电池的输出电流瞬间值iFC之间的差值，得到的差值经比例(P)控制器进行调节，得到第一组控制参数Dp＝kp(IFC-iFC)，kp为比例调节值，组成电流纹波内环控制的第一部分控制量；Step (1): The detection circuit 7 detects the instantaneous value i FC of the output current of the fuel cell 1 , and first obtains the effective value I FC of the output current of the fuel cell 1 by calculating the RMS effective value, and then obtains the value I FC of the fuel cell 1 through a subtractor. The difference between the effective value IFC of the output current and the instantaneous value iFC of the output current of the fuel cell is adjusted by a proportional (P) controller to obtain the first set of control parameters D p =k p (I FC -i FC ), k p is the proportional adjustment value, which constitutes the first part of the control value of the current ripple inner loop control;
步骤(2)：检测电路7检测DC/DC升压变换电路2的输出正负直流电压±VBUS，再通过减法器Ⅰ，与DC/DC升压变换电路2的输出正负直流电压参考值±VBUS，ref作差值运算，得到的差值经电压控制器6输出后得到电流纹波控制器8的输入控制值Dc，并组成电流纹波内环控制的第二部分控制量；Step (2): The detection circuit 7 detects the positive and negative direct current voltage ±V BUS of the output of the DC/DC step-up conversion circuit 2, and then through the subtractor I, and the positive and negative direct-current voltage reference value of the output of the DC/DC step-up conversion circuit 2 ±V BUS, ref is used as a difference calculation, and the obtained difference is output by the voltage controller 6 to obtain the input control value D c of the current ripple controller 8, which constitutes the second part of the control value of the current ripple inner loop control;
步骤(3)：经检测电路7得到DC/AC逆变电路3的输出电压值Vo、电流值Io、相位角角频率ω、DC/DC升压变换电路2的输出电压值VBUS、燃料电池输出电压VFC，通过下列公式计算得到电流纹波控制器8的第三组控制参数Dr；Step (3): Obtain the output voltage value V o , current value I o , and phase angle of the DC/AC inverter circuit 3 through the detection circuit 7 The angular frequency ω, the output voltage value V BUS of the DC/DC boost conversion circuit 2, and the fuel cell output voltage V FC are calculated by the following formula to obtain the third group of control parameters D r of the current ripple controller 8;
其中：n＝N2/N1，N1，N2分别为高频变压器T1两侧的匝数，Dc是控制输出占空比，vBUS(t)为DC/DC升压变换电路2的输出电压瞬时值，CBUS为第四电解电容C4的电容大小，t为时间；Among them: n=N 2 /N 1 , N 1 , N 2 are the number of turns on both sides of the high-frequency transformer T1, D c is the control output duty cycle, v BUS (t) is the DC/DC boost conversion circuit 2 The instantaneous value of the output voltage, C BUS is the capacitance of the fourth electrolytic capacitor C4, and t is time;
步骤(4)：将步骤(1)、步骤(2)和步骤(3)得到的三组控制参数Dp、Dc、Dr经过加法器相加得到EPLD脉冲发生器5的输入信号Dout；Step (4): The three groups of control parameters D p , D c , and D r obtained in step (1), step (2) and step (3) are added through an adder to obtain the input signal D out of the EPLD pulse generator 5 ;
步骤(5)：EPLD脉冲发生器5输出PWM控制信号到DC/DC升压变换电路2的第一功率管S1、第二功率管S2、第三功率管S3和第四功率管S4，从而控制DC/DC升压变换电路2的直流升压过程，达到减少输入燃料电池低频电流纹波的目的。Step (5): the EPLD pulse generator 5 outputs the PWM control signal to the first power tube S1, the second power tube S2, the third power tube S3 and the fourth power tube S4 of the DC/DC step-up conversion circuit 2, thereby controlling The DC boost process of the DC/DC boost conversion circuit 2 achieves the purpose of reducing the low-frequency current ripple input to the fuel cell.
上面结合附图对本发明的具体实施例作了详细说明，但是本发明并不限于上述实施例，在本领域普通技术人员所具备的知识范围内，还可以在不脱离本发明宗旨的前提下作出各种变化。The specific embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and can also be made without departing from the gist of the present invention within the scope of knowledge possessed by those of ordinary skill in the art. Variations.
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| CN113541167A (en) * | 2020-04-20 | 2021-10-22 | 台达电子企业管理（上海）有限公司 | Fuel cell energy supply system and energy adjusting method based on same |
| CN113632357A (en) * | 2019-03-18 | 2021-11-09 | 松下知识产权经营株式会社 | Power conversion system, method and program for controlling power conversion system |
| CN115276429A (en) * | 2022-08-17 | 2022-11-01 | 深圳市和泰云智能科技有限公司 | High-voltage power supply driving circuit |
| CN115425828A (en) * | 2022-09-05 | 2022-12-02 | 深圳崧盛创新技术有限公司 | Two-stage inverter and method for reducing ripple current of two-stage inverter |
| US12119523B2 (en) | 2022-01-13 | 2024-10-15 | Hyundai Motor Company | Fuel cell system and method for controlling the same |
| CN120281195A (en) * | 2025-06-09 | 2025-07-08 | 深圳古瑞瓦特新能源有限公司 | Secondary circuit, single-phase and three-phase alternating-current/direct-current converter and control method |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113632357A (en) * | 2019-03-18 | 2021-11-09 | 松下知识产权经营株式会社 | Power conversion system, method and program for controlling power conversion system |
| CN113541167A (en) * | 2020-04-20 | 2021-10-22 | 台达电子企业管理（上海）有限公司 | Fuel cell energy supply system and energy adjusting method based on same |
| US12119523B2 (en) | 2022-01-13 | 2024-10-15 | Hyundai Motor Company | Fuel cell system and method for controlling the same |
| CN115276429A (en) * | 2022-08-17 | 2022-11-01 | 深圳市和泰云智能科技有限公司 | High-voltage power supply driving circuit |
| CN115425828A (en) * | 2022-09-05 | 2022-12-02 | 深圳崧盛创新技术有限公司 | Two-stage inverter and method for reducing ripple current of two-stage inverter |
| CN120281195A (en) * | 2025-06-09 | 2025-07-08 | 深圳古瑞瓦特新能源有限公司 | Secondary circuit, single-phase and three-phase alternating-current/direct-current converter and control method |
| CN120281195B (en) * | 2025-06-09 | 2025-10-14 | 深圳古瑞瓦特新能源有限公司 | Secondary circuit, single-phase and three-phase DC-AC converter and control method |
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Application publication date: 20181116 |